A treatment method for improving low temperature resistance of tomato anthers and application thereof
By spraying tomato flowers with methyl jasmonate solution before they fully open, the problem of reduced pollen viability and germination rate in tomatoes under low temperature conditions was solved, thus improving the low temperature resistance of tomatoes and increasing fruit yield and quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Tomatoes are susceptible to stress in low-temperature environments, leading to decreased pollen viability, reduced pollen tube germination rate, and reduced fruit yield. Existing technologies have not been able to effectively address this problem, especially with limited research on low-temperature resistance during the reproductive growth period.
Spraying methyl jasmonate solution (MeJA) at a concentration of 50-150 μM, especially 100 μM, during the tomato anther tetrad stage can promote normal degradation of the tapetum, increase pollen survival rate and pollen tube germination rate, and alleviate the adverse effects of low temperature damage on the fruit.
It significantly improved the tomato fruit set rate under low temperature conditions, improved fruit phenotype, including indicators such as seed number, fruit weight and fruit diameter, and effectively mitigated the negative impact of low temperature injury on tomato yield.
Smart Images
Figure CN122162788A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vegetable planting technology, specifically relating to a treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers and its application. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events have been increasing globally. Plants are susceptible to various abiotic stresses during their growing season, with low temperature being one of the most frequent stressors. When vegetable growth and development occur below suitable temperatures, vegetable crops suffer from chilling injury, which can lead to decreased photosynthetic capacity, delayed growth, and inhibited anabolic metabolism.
[0003] Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), native to South America, is an important vegetable crop in the Solanaceae family and one of my country's major greenhouse vegetable crops. Tomatoes have considerable sales worldwide and high commercial value. However, as a warm-loving vegetable sensitive to low temperatures, tomatoes are easily affected by low-temperature stress throughout their growth and development, leading to reduced yields. my country's existing greenhouse environmental control capabilities are weak, and tomatoes grown in greenhouses in northern regions often encounter low-temperature stress during winter and spring. Low temperatures affect tomato plant chlorophyll synthesis, nutrient absorption and distribution, and growth and development, leading to physiological disorders such as malnutrition, affecting normal growth and development, resulting in a significant decrease in yield and quality, thus causing substantial economic losses and impacting market supply. It has been reported that the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress on crops. In recent years, research on jasmonic acid-mediated low-temperature stress in tomatoes has focused primarily on the vegetative growth stage, while research on the role of jasmonic acid in the reproductive growth stage is relatively limited. Therefore, in order to make up for this deficiency, focusing on jasmonic acid to enhance the low-temperature resistance of tomatoes during reproductive growth and reduce the impact of low-temperature damage on tomato yield is of great practical significance for tomato production. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention aims to provide a treatment method for enhancing the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers and its application. The method involves spraying a methyl jasmonate solution (MeJA) onto the unopened flower buds of tomatoes. This effectively alleviates the decline in pollen viability, reduced pollen tube germination rate, and adverse effects on fruit phenotype caused by low temperatures, thereby significantly mitigating the decrease in tomato fruit set caused by low-temperature injury.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers, comprising the following steps: applying methyl jasmonate as an external agent to the tomato flowers before they fully open in a low-temperature environment; wherein the low-temperature environment refers to an ambient temperature below 15°C.
[0006] As one embodiment of the treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers described in this invention, the concentration of methyl jasmonate is 50~150μM.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers according to the present invention, the concentration of methyl jasmonate is 100~150μM.
[0008] As one embodiment of the treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers described in this invention, the period before the tomato flower stamens fully open includes the tetrad stage of the tomato anthers.
[0009] Under low temperature conditions, the degradation of the tapetum cells in tomato anthers is delayed during the tetrad stage, preventing the tetrads from dividing normally and forming deformed pollen, thus reducing the fruit set rate of tomatoes. However, the present invention treats tomato anthers with exogenous MeJA during the tetrad stage, which can enable the tapetum to degrade normally, improve the pollen survival rate, and thus effectively alleviate the problems such as the decline in fruit set rate caused by low temperature.
[0010] As one embodiment of the treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers described in this invention, the low-temperature environment refers to an ambient temperature of 10±2℃.
[0011] This invention also claims protection for the application of a treatment method for enhancing the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers in reducing the impact of low-temperature injury on tomato yield.
[0012] As one embodiment of the application described in this invention, the treatment method helps to alleviate the decline in tomato pollen viability, the decrease in tomato pollen tube germination rate, and the adverse effects on fruit phenotype caused by low temperature, and improves the fruiting rate of tomatoes under low temperature injury.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention experimentally verified that spraying exogenous MeJA solution onto the stamens of tomatoes during the tetrad stage can effectively alleviate the decline in pollen viability, the reduction in pollen tube germination rate, and the adverse effects on fruit phenotype caused by low temperature, thereby mitigating the decline in tomato fruit set rate caused by low temperature injury. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 The image shows the pollen viability detection results in an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, A represents treatment at 25℃ for 10 days; B represents treatment at 10℃ for 10 days; C represents treatment at 10℃ with 50μM MeJA for 10 days; D represents treatment at 10℃ with 100μM MeJA for 10 days; and E represents treatment at 10℃ with 150μM MeJA for 10 days.
[0015] Figure 2This is a statistical graph of pollen viability in an embodiment of the present invention. In the experimental results, different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
[0016] Figure 3 The figures show the results of pollen tube germination experiments in this embodiment of the invention. In the figures, A represents treatment at 25℃ for 10 days; B represents treatment at 10℃ for 10 days; C represents treatment at 10℃ with 50 μM MeJA for 10 days; D represents treatment at 10℃ with 100 μM MeJA for 10 days; and E represents treatment at 10℃ with 150 μM MeJA for 10 days.
[0017] Figure 4 This is a statistical graph showing the pollen tube germination rate in an embodiment of the present invention. In the experimental results, different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), while the same letter indicates no significant differences (P > 0.05).
[0018] Figure 5 This is a statistical chart showing the fruit set rate in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 6 This is a statistical data graph of fruit phenotypes in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples and comparative examples are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
[0022] Example 1: Concentration Screening MeJA at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 μM was prepared. When most stamens on the plant were 3-4 mm in size (i.e., at the tetrad stage of microspores), stamens of 3-4 mm were marked on the pedicel using a pipette. A normal temperature control group (NT), a low-temperature treatment group (LT), and low-temperature MeJA treatment groups (LT+MeJA 50 μM, LT+MeJA 100 μM, LT+MeJA 150 μM) were established. The marked plants (low-temperature and low-temperature MeJA treatment groups) were placed in an incubator for 10 days of low-temperature treatment (10℃), while the normal temperature treatment group was grown in an artificial greenhouse (25℃) with a photoperiod of 16 hours of light / 8 hours of darkness. After 10 days of low-temperature treatment, all plants were placed in the artificial greenhouse.
[0023] Example 2: Pollen Viability Detection After the flower buds of the plants treated in Example 1 bloomed, flowers that bloomed on the same day were taken, and three flower samples were randomly selected from each treatment group and stained with Alexander's stain.
[0024] The method is as follows: Place the collected flowers into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes, add 30 μL of Alexander stain solution to immerse them, and place them at 37 °C overnight for staining. Before observation, centrifuge at low speed to allow the pollen to precipitate at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. During observation, aspirate 20 μL of the stain solution from the bottom of the centrifuge tube onto a glass slide and observe it under a microscope. Five fields of view are randomly selected for each sample, and pollen viability is observed and counted.
[0025] Experimental results are as follows Figure 1-2 As shown. From Figure 1 It can be seen that the pollen viability of the stamens after low-temperature treatment is significantly reduced. Figure 1 Pollen viability was significantly improved after treatment with low temperature and different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (100 μM and 150 μM). Figure 1 Among the DE (determination of pollen viability), the treatment with methyl jasmonate at a concentration of 100 μM showed the most significant improvement in pollen viability.
[0026] from Figure 2 The results show that treatment with 50 μM methyl jasmonate at low temperature does not significantly improve pollen viability. However, when treated with methyl jasmonate at concentrations of 100 and 150 μM, pollen viability is significantly improved compared to the low-temperature treatment group.
[0027] Example 3: Pollen tube germination experiment Pollen germination medium: 0.5% (w / v) sucrose, 15% (w / v) PEG4000, 1 mM KNO3, 3 mM Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 0.8 mM MgSO4·7H2O, 1.6 mM HBO3, dissolved in 1 L of 20 mM MES buffer (pH 6.0) (adjusted with tris).
[0028] Place one drop of approximately 30 µL of pollen germination liquid culture medium on a glass slide. Randomly select flowers from plants treated in Example 1 that bloomed on the same day. Place the slide in a cool, ventilated place for 15 minutes, then shake the pollen onto the surface of the culture medium. Place the slide in a petri dish containing moistened filter paper, seal it with adhesive, and incubate it in a 25°C incubator in the dark for 2-3 hours. Observe the pollen tube germination under a microscope. Select 3 samples, and randomly select five fields of view for each sample. Count and record the number of germinating pollen tubes.
[0029] Experimental results are as follows Figure 3-4 As shown. From Figure 3 and Figure 4 The results showed that, compared with the control group at room temperature, the number of pollen tubes germinating after low-temperature treatment was significantly reduced. Furthermore, after treatment with 50 and 100 μM methyl jasmonate solutions in a low-temperature environment, the final number of pollen tubes germinating was improved compared with the low-temperature treatment group. The improvement effect was best with 100 μM methyl jasmonate solution, while treatment with 150 μM methyl jasmonate solution could not effectively alleviate the reduction in the number of pollen tubes germinating under low-temperature conditions.
[0030] Example 4, Fruit setting rate From the time the marked tetrad stage flower buds flowered and set fruit until the fruit matured, the fruit set rate of each line in the three treatment groups (normal temperature, low temperature, and low temperature + 100 μM MeJA) was calculated. Fruit set rate: the percentage of marked flowers that produced fruit out of the total number of flowers.
[0031] Experimental results are as follows Figure 5 As shown. From Figure 5 The results show that the fruit setting rate after low-temperature treatment was significantly lower than that of the room-temperature control group. However, the fruit setting rate after treatment with low temperature + 100μM MeJA was significantly improved compared to the low-temperature treatment group.
[0032] Example 5, Fruit phenotype After calculating the fruit set rate, the marked fruits were picked, and the phenotypic indicators (including fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters, and number of seeds) of the three treatment groups (normal temperature control group, low temperature treatment group, and low temperature +100 uM MeJA group) were observed and recorded.
[0033] Experimental results are as follows Figure 6 As shown. From Figure 6 The results show that the fruit setting rate of tomatoes treated with low temperature + 100 μM MeJA was improved to some extent compared with the low temperature treatment group in terms of seed quantity, fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters, and other fruit phenotypic indicators.
[0034] The experimental results above show that, under low temperature conditions, spraying tomatoes with a certain concentration of methyl jasmonate before the flowers have fully opened can effectively alleviate the decline in pollen viability, the decrease in pollen tube germination rate, and the adverse effects on fruit phenotype caused by low temperature, and improve the fruit set rate of tomatoes under low temperature injury.
[0035] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A treatment method for enhancing the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In a low-temperature environment, methyl jasmonate was sprayed on tomatoes before the flowers fully opened; the low-temperature environment refers to an ambient temperature below 15℃.
2. The treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of methyl jasmonate is 50~150 μM.
3. The treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration of methyl jasmonate is 100~150 μM.
4. The treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The period before the tomato flower stamens fully open includes the tetrad stage of the tomato anthers.
5. The treatment method for improving the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The low-temperature environment refers to an ambient temperature of 10±2℃.
6. Application of a treatment method to enhance the low-temperature resistance of tomato anthers in reducing the impact of low-temperature chilling injury on tomato yield.
7. The application as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The treatment method helps to alleviate the decline in tomato pollen viability, the decrease in tomato pollen tube germination rate, and the adverse effects on fruit phenotype caused by low temperature, and improves the fruit set rate of tomatoes under low temperature injury.