Biological fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles and soil improvement method
By using bio-fertilizers containing decomposed livestock and poultry manure, straw, or rice husks, and soil improvement methods, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles for cucumbers has been solved, significantly improving cucumber growth and yield, and reducing disease occurrence.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JILIN ACAD OF VEGETABLE & FLOWER SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1 
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizer, and particularly relates to a bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles and a soil improvement method. BACKGROUND
[0002] Continuous cropping obstacle refers to continuous planting of the same crop or crops in the same soil plot, which leads to poor growth of crops, reduced yield, deteriorated quality, increased soil-borne diseases and pests, and the like, even under normal management, and is commonly seen in the plot of continuously planted cucumber. Cucumber is an important economic crop, and continuous cropping obstacle is prone to occur in cultivation. Generally, cucumber continuous cropping obstacle occurs in the third year of continuous planting in the same plot, mainly manifested in soil deterioration, and serious occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematode and fusarium wilt, leading to reduced yield and deteriorated quality. SUMMARY
[0003] The present application aims to provide a bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles and a soil improvement method, which can not only significantly reduce the influence of cucumber continuous cropping obstacles and reduce the incidence of cucumber fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode, but also significantly promote the growth of cucumber seedlings and significantly improve the yield of cucumber.
[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
[0005] 30-40 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of straw or rice husk, 1-2 parts of borax, 2-3 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 parts of humic acid and 1-2 parts of microbial compound inoculant; the microbial compound inoculant comprises 4-6 parts of bacillus megaterium, 2-3 parts of paenibacillus polymyxa, 2-4 parts of trichoderma aculatum, 2-3 parts of trichoderma viride, 3-5 parts of pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-5 parts of azotobacter chroococcum and 2-4 parts of candida albicans.
[0006] Further, the viable bacterial count of the bacillus megaterium is not less than 2x10 9 CFU / g, the viable bacterial count of the paenibacillus polymyxa is not less than 1x10 9 CFU / g, the viable bacterial count of the trichoderma aculatum is not less than 9x10 8 CFU / g, the viable bacterial count of the trichoderma viride is not less than 8x10 8 CFU / g, the viable bacterial count of the pseudomonas fluorescens is not less than 5x10 8 CFU / g, the viable bacterial count of the azotobacter chroococcum is not less than 8x10 8 CFU / g, and the viable bacterial count of the candida albicans is not less than 5x10 8CFU / g, the total effective viable cell number is 600-1000 million CFU / g. Preferably, the viable cell number of the Bacillus megaterium is 2 x 10 9 CFU / g, the viable cell number of the Paenibacillus polymyxa is 1 x 10 9 CFU / g, the viable cell number of the Trichoderma asperellum is 1 x 10 9 CFU / g, the viable cell number of the Trichoderma viride is 1 x 10 9 CFU / g, the viable cell number of the Pseudomonas fluorescens is 5 x 10 8 CFU / g, the viable cell number of the Azotobacter chroococcum is not less than 1 x 10 9 CFU / g, the viable cell number of the Candida albicans is 5 x 10 8 CFU / g, the total effective viable cell number is 800 million CFU / g.
[0007] In the microbial complex microbial agent of the present application, the Bacillus polymyxa has the function of potassium solution, and promotes the secretion of auxin of root system, the Bacillus megaterium has the function of phosphorus solution, improves the rhizosphere nutrition condition, thereby indirectly enhances the disease resistance of plant, and can reduce the disease severity by inducing plant resistance, and the Azotobacter chroococcum fixes the nitrogen in the air, increases the supply of soil nitrogen, the above three kinds of bacteria enhance the ability of cucumber plant to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements from soil, thereby promotes the growth of cucumber; The Fusarium oxysporum is the pathogenic bacteria causing cucumber fusarium wilt, the Bacillus polymyxa can secrete polymyxin antibiotics, directly inhibits the germination and invasion of Fusarium oxysporum (causing cucumber fusarium wilt), and enhances the stress resistance of plant; and the Trichoderma asperellum can secrete enzymes to destroy the cell wall structure of fusarium, and can secrete volatile organic compounds to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, regulate the cucumber rhizosphere microbial community, promote the enrichment of beneficial bacteria such as streptomycete and oligotropha, and reshape the disease-resistant microecology; The Trichoderma viride can inhibit Fusarium oxysporum by hyperparasitism and competition, can wrap and penetrate the hyphae of Fusarium oxysporum, cause its lysis, and can secrete antibacterial metabolites (such as trichodermin) to interfere with the metabolism of pathogenic bacteria, both of which can make cucumber produce resistance and enhance the defense ability; At the same time, the Pseudomonas fluorescens can secrete antibacterial peptides and iron carriers to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, thereby having a good prevention and treatment effect on cucumber fusarium wilt caused by continuous cropping obstacles; The root-knot nematode can destroy the root system and form root nodules, leading to cucumber premature senescence, in the microbial complex microbial agent of the present application, the mycelium of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma viride can wrap and penetrate the nematode egg capsule, secrete protease to degrade eggshell, and inhibit hatching; The Pseudomonas fluorescens can produce metabolites such as hydrogen cyanide to have toxic effect on nematode larvae; The Candida albicans can form mycelial barrier in the rhizosphere, change the microenvironment, and inhibit the infection activity of nematode, thereby having a good prevention and treatment effect on root-knot nematode disease caused by continuous cropping obstacles. In summary, the microbial complex microbial agent of the present application adopts multiple fungi and bacteria to optimize the rhizosphere microbial community structure, cooperates with the soil remediation method of the present application, can improve soil fertility and improve soil environment, not only significantly promotes the growth of cucumber seedlings, but also has obvious prevention and treatment effect on fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode disease caused by continuous cropping obstacles, and can significantly improve the yield of cucumber.
[0008] Preferably, the microbial complex microbial agent comprises 5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 3 parts of Bacillus polymyxa, 2 parts of Trichoderma asperellum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride, 3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of Azotobacter chroococcum and 2 parts of Candida albicans.
[0009] More preferably, the Bacillus megaterium is strain ACCC 11011.
[0010] More preferably, the Bacillus polymyxa is strain CMCC 63512.
[0011] More preferably, the Trichoderma hydathodes is strain JC41186.
[0012] More preferably, the green Trichoderma is strain ATCC 26802.
[0013] More preferably, the fluorescent Pseudomonas is strain ATCC49642.
[0014] More preferably, the azotocinobacter brownii strain is ACCC 10096.
[0015] More preferably, the white Candida albicans is strain CMCC 98001.
[0016] Preferably, the cucumber variety is Jinchun No. 3.
[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers, comprising the following steps:
[0018] (a) Prepare raw materials by crushing the straw or rice husks and mixing them evenly with the decomposed livestock and poultry manure. Then add the microbial compound inoculant and carry out aerobic composting fermentation at 50-60℃ to obtain fermentation products.
[0019] (b) The fermentation product is dried and pulverized, then mixed evenly with borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and humic acid, and granulated to obtain a bio-fertilizer that reduces the obstacle of continuous cucumber cropping.
[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides a soil improvement method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers, comprising the following steps:
[0021] (1) Soil disinfection: In early spring, from late February to early March, apply granules containing more than 50% calcium cyanamide to the soil at a rate of 50 kg-60 kg per mu. Then plow to a depth of 20-30 cm, cover with mulch for 15-20 days, remove the mulch, water until the soil moisture reaches 70%-80%, and ventilate for 5-7 days.
[0022] (2) Apply bio-fertilizer: Apply the bio-fertilizer that reduces the continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber according to any one of claims 1-4 or the bio-fertilizer that reduces the continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber prepared according to the preparation method of claim 5. The amount of bio-fertilizer used as base fertilizer is 150-200 kg per mu. Then plow to a depth of 20-30 cm, cover with mulch film after 7-10 days, and then sow.
[0023] (3) Topdressing: Apply the first topdressing at the initial flowering stage of cucumber, using 5-8 kg of the bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber according to any one of claims 1-4 or the bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber prepared according to the preparation method of claim 5 per mu; and apply 8-12 kg of the bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber according to any one of claims 1-4 or the bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber prepared according to the preparation method of claim 5 per mu respectively during the cucumber root fruit enlargement stage, the peak fruiting stage and the late fruiting stage;
[0024] Furthermore, during the fruit enlargement period, 2-3 kg / mu of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements is applied, of which N≥20%;
[0025] During the peak fruiting period, apply 2-3 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, with N≥20% and K2O≥20%.
[0026] The above-mentioned high-nitrogen, high-nitrogen and high-potassium, and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers are all commercially available water-soluble fertilizers.
[0027] In this invention, the cucumber seedling stage is 20-30 days after the emergence of 3-4 leaves. The initial flowering stage of cucumber is from flowering to the formation of the first fruit, about 15-30 days. The fruiting stage is the entire reproductive growth stage from the setting of the first fruit to the end of the vine, including the fruit enlargement stage, the peak fruiting stage, and the late fruiting stage. The fruit enlargement stage is in the early fruiting stage, about 30-90 days.
[0028] Preferably, the soil improvement method is applicable to the Northeast region.
[0029] Preferably, in step (1), granules containing 50% calcium cyanamide are applied to the soil for open-field cultivation at a rate of 60 kg per acre.
[0030] Preferably, in step (2), the amount of bio-fertilizer used as base fertilizer is 160-180 kg per mu.
[0031] Preferably, at the initial flowering stage of cucumber and during the first topdressing, 6 kg of the bio-fertilizer described above for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber is applied per mu; and at the root fruit enlargement stage, the peak fruiting stage, and the late fruiting stage of cucumber, 9 kg of the bio-fertilizer described above for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber is applied per mu; and at the root fruit enlargement stage of cucumber, 2 kg / mu of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements is also applied; and at the peak fruiting stage, 3 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements is also applied.
[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention include:
[0033] The bio-fertilizer of this invention for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles uses a formula suitable for cucumbers. Well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, as well as straw or rice husks, provide abundant nitrogen and carbon sources. Borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and humic acid provide the necessary nutrients for cucumber growth. The reasonable combination of microbial compound agents can not only solubilize phosphorus and potassium and fix nitrogen, but also inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as wilt and root-knot nematode disease, significantly promote growth and increase cucumber yield.
[0034] The soil improvement method of this invention employs appropriate application of base fertilizer and topdressing to ensure that the soil environment for cucumber growth is nutrient-rich and suitable for growth and development. The amount of water-soluble fertilizer used in the topdressing process is relatively small, and a reasonable microbial compound inoculant is applied, thereby significantly improving the yield and quality of cucumbers.
[0035] In summary, the bio-fertilizer and soil improvement method of this invention for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles can significantly reduce the impact of cucumber continuous cropping obstacles, not only significantly promote the growth of cucumber seedlings, but also significantly increase cucumber yield, and significantly reduce the incidence of cucumber wilt and root-knot nematodes. Detailed Implementation
[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following specific embodiments provide a further detailed description of the invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in the following description are merely illustrative examples of specific implementations of the invention and are intended to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof.
[0037] The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values of the ranges, the endpoint values of the ranges and individual point values, and individual point values can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein. As used herein, when referring to a specific numerical value, it means that the value can vary within ±5%.
[0038] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, the terms "multiple / a variety" and similar terms mean two / more than one. As used herein, the terms "containing," "including," or "comprising" can be open-ended, semi-closed, or closed.
[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless specific conditions are specified in the examples, they are performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturers are all commonly available materials and reagents that can be purchased commercially.
[0040] In the following embodiments, the decomposed livestock and poultry manure used was commercially available decomposed livestock and poultry manure, and the rice husks used were rice husks. The strains used were: *Bacillus megaterium* (ACCC 11011), *Bacillus polymyxa* (CMCC 63512), *Trichoderma echinosporum* (JC41186), *Trichoderma viride* (ATCC 26802), *Pseudomonas fluorescens* (ATCC 49642), *Azotobacter chrysogenum* (ACCC 10096), and *Candida albicans* (CMCC 98001).
[0041] In the following examples, the incidence rate (%) = (number of infected plants / total number of plants) × 100%, where:
[0042] The criteria for determining the onset of Fusarium wilt are the appearance of slight lesions, wilting, or wilt at any stage of the cucumber's entire growth period.
[0043] The criterion for determining root-knot nematode infestation is that at any stage of the cucumber's entire growth cycle, root knots account for more than 1% of the total root system; in this case, the disease is considered present.
[0044] Example 1
[0045] A method for preparing a bio-fertilizer that reduces continuous cropping obstacles in cucumbers includes the following steps:
[0046] (a) Prepare the raw materials, which include: 35 parts of well-rotted chicken manure, 30 parts of rice husks, 1 part of borax, 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of humic acid, and 2 parts of a microbial compound agent; the microbial compound agent includes 5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 3 parts of Bacillus polymyxa, 2 parts of Trichoderma echinosporum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride, 3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum, and 2 parts of Candida albicans; the viable count of Bacillus megaterium is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Bacillus polymyxa* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma hydathodes* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma viride* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the fluorescent Pseudomonas was 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of the *Azotocinus brownii* is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Candida albicans* was 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, with a total effective viable bacteria count of 800 million CFU / g;
[0047] After crushing the rice husks, they are evenly mixed with the decomposed chicken manure, and then the microbial compound inoculant is added. The mixture is then subjected to aerobic composting fermentation at 55-60℃ to obtain the fermentation product.
[0048] (b) The fermentation product is dried and pulverized, then mixed evenly with borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and humic acid, and granulated to obtain bio-fertilizer A1 that reduces the obstacle of continuous cucumber cropping.
[0049] Example 2
[0050] A method for preparing a bio-fertilizer that reduces continuous cropping obstacles in cucumbers includes the following steps:
[0051] (a) Prepare the raw materials, which include: 40 parts of well-rotted chicken manure, 26 parts of rice husks, 1.5 parts of borax, 2.5 parts of urea, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of humic acid, and 1.5 parts of a microbial compound agent; the microbial compound agent includes 5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 3 parts of Bacillus polymyxa, 2 parts of Trichoderma echinosporum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride, 3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum, and 2 parts of Candida albicans; the viable count of Bacillus megaterium is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Bacillus polymyxa* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma hydathodes* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma viride* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the fluorescent Pseudomonas was 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of the *Azotocinus brownii* is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Candida albicans* was 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, with a total effective viable bacteria count of 800 million CFU / g;
[0052] After crushing the rice husks, they are evenly mixed with the decomposed chicken manure, and then the microbial compound inoculant is added. The mixture is then subjected to aerobic composting fermentation at 55-60℃ to obtain the fermentation product.
[0053] (b) The fermentation product is dried and pulverized, then mixed evenly with borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and humic acid, and granulated to obtain bio-fertilizer A2 that reduces the obstacle of continuous cucumber cropping.
[0054] Example 3
[0055] A method for preparing a bio-fertilizer that reduces continuous cropping obstacles in cucumbers includes the following steps:
[0056] (a) Prepare the raw materials, which include: 30 parts of well-rotted chicken manure, 30 parts of rice husks, 2 parts of borax, 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of humic acid, and 1 part of a microbial compound agent; the microbial compound agent includes 5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 3 parts of Bacillus polymyxa, 2 parts of Trichoderma echinosporum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride, 3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum, and 2 parts of Candida albicans; the viable count of Bacillus megaterium is 2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Bacillus polymyxa* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma hydathodes* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma viride* is 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the fluorescent Pseudomonas was 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of the *Azotocinus brownii* is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Candida albicans* was 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, with a total effective viable bacteria count of 800 million CFU / g;
[0057] After crushing the rice husks, they are evenly mixed with the decomposed chicken manure, and then the microbial compound inoculant is added. The mixture is then subjected to aerobic composting fermentation at 55-60℃ to obtain the fermentation product.
[0058] (b) The fermentation product is dried and pulverized, then mixed evenly with borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and humic acid, and granulated to obtain bio-fertilizer A3 that reduces the obstacle of continuous cucumber cropping.
[0059] Comparative Example 1
[0060] The microbial compound inoculant does not contain Bacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma echinosporum, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chrysogenum, or Candida albicans. Other conditions are the same as in Example 1. After granulation, bio-fertilizer D1, which reduces the obstacle of continuous cropping of cucumber, is obtained.
[0061] Comparative Example 2
[0062] By replacing the Bacillus polymyxa in the microbial compound agent with an equal amount of Bacillus subtilis, and granulating the mixture, bio-fertilizer D2, which reduces the obstacle of continuous cropping of cucumbers, was obtained.
[0063] Comparative Example 3
[0064] By replacing Candida albicans in the microbial compound inoculant with Lactobacillus acidophilus, bio-fertilizer D3, which reduces the obstacle of continuous cropping of cucumbers, was obtained after granulation.
[0065] Application Example 1
[0066] Site selection: 10 mu of land in Northeast China where cucumbers have been planted in the previous two years.
[0067] Cucumber variety selection: Jinchun No. 3.
[0068] This application example provides a soil improvement method to reduce continuous cropping obstacles in cucumbers, including the following steps:
[0069] (1) Soil disinfection: In early spring, from late February to early March, apply granules containing 50% calcium cyanamide to the soil at a rate of 60 kg per mu. Then plow to a depth of 20-30 cm, cover with mulch for 20 days, remove the mulch, water until the soil moisture reaches 70%-80%, and ventilate for 7 days.
[0070] (2) Application of bio-fertilizer: Apply bio-fertilizer A1, prepared in Example 1, which reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles. The amount of bio-fertilizer A1 used as base fertilizer is 160 kg per mu. Then plow to a depth of 20-30 cm, cover with mulch film after 7 days, and then sow seeds at a planting density of 3000 plants / mu.
[0071] (3) Topdressing: Apply 6 kg of bio-fertilizer A1 prepared in Example 1 to reduce the continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber at the initial flowering stage and the first topdressing stage; and apply 9 kg of the bio-fertilizer A1 at the root fruit enlargement stage, the peak fruiting stage and the late fruiting stage of cucumber respectively; and apply 2 kg / mu of high nitrogen type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, of which N=20%, at the root fruit enlargement stage of cucumber; and apply 3 kg / mu of high nitrogen and high potassium type macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, of which N=20% and K2O=20%, at the peak fruiting stage.
[0072] In addition to the fertilizer management mentioned above, other field management practices are as follows:
[0073] Water management includes: using drip irrigation under mulch, maintaining soil moisture at 60%-70% during seed germination, 65%-70% during seedling stage, 75%-80% during the first fruit enlargement stage, 70%-80% during the peak fruiting stage, and 60%-70% during the later fruiting stage.
[0074] Pest and disease management includes: except for wilt and root-knot nematodes, the prevention and control of other pests and diseases shall be carried out in accordance with DB14 / T 1641-2018.
[0075] Application Example 2
[0076] Replace bio-fertilizer A1, which reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles in Application Example 1, with A2, and follow the same steps as in Application Example 1.
[0077] Application Example 3
[0078] Replace bio-fertilizer A1, which reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles in Application Example 1, with A3, and follow the same steps as in Application Example 1.
[0079] Application Comparative Example 1
[0080] Replace bio-fertilizer A1, which reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles in Application Example 1, with D1, and follow the same steps as in Application Example 1.
[0081] Application Comparative Example 2
[0082] Replace bio-fertilizer A1, which reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles in Application Example 1, with D2, and follow the same steps as in Application Example 1.
[0083] Application Comparative Example 3
[0084] Replace bio-fertilizer A1, which reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles in Application Example 1, with D3, and follow the same steps as in Application Example 1.
[0085] Table 1 below shows the growth of cucumber seedlings (28 days after they have grown 3-4 leaves) in each application example, Table 2 shows the incidence of cucumber wilt and root-knot nematodes in each application example, and Table 3 shows the cucumber yield.
[0086]
[0087]
[0088] Table 3. Cucumber yield in various application examples of the present invention
[0089]
[0090] The results in Tables 1 to 3 show that the bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles of the present invention uses a formula suitable for cucumbers. Well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, as well as straw or rice husks, provide abundant nitrogen and carbon sources. Borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and humic acid provide the necessary nutrients for cucumber growth. The reasonable combination of microbial compound agents can not only solubilize phosphorus and potassium and fix nitrogen, but also inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as wilt and root-knot nematode disease, significantly promote growth and increase cucumber yield.
[0091] The soil improvement method of this invention employs appropriate application of base fertilizer and topdressing to ensure that the soil environment for cucumber growth is nutrient-rich and suitable for growth and development. The amount of water-soluble fertilizer used in the topdressing process is relatively small, and a reasonable microbial compound inoculant is applied, thereby significantly improving the yield and quality of cucumbers.
[0092] In summary, the bio-fertilizer and soil improvement method of this invention for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles can significantly reduce the impact of cucumber continuous cropping obstacles, not only significantly promote the growth of cucumber seedlings, but also significantly increase cucumber yield, and significantly reduce the incidence of cucumber wilt and root-knot nematodes.
[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the content of the present invention. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combining various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed in the present invention and all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles in cucumbers, characterized in that, By weight, it contains the following ingredients: 30-40 parts of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of straw or rice husks, 1-2 parts of borax, 2-3 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 parts of humic acid, and 1-2 parts of microbial compound inoculant. The microbial compound inoculant contains 4-6 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 2-3 parts of Bacillus polymyxa, 2-4 parts of Trichoderma echinosporum, 2-3 parts of Trichoderma viride, 3-5 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-5 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum, and 2-4 parts of Candida albicans.
2. The bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viable count of the *Bacillus megaterium* is not less than 2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Bacillus polymyxa* is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma hydathodes* is not less than 9 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the *Trichoderma viride* is not less than 8 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of the fluorescent Pseudomonas bacteria is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of the *Azotocinus brownii* is not less than 8 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, and the viable count of the *Candida albicans* is not less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, with a total effective viable count of 600-1 billion CFU / g.
3. The bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial compound agent contains 5 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 3 parts of Bacillus polymyxa, 2 parts of Trichoderma echinosporum, 3 parts of Trichoderma viride, 3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 parts of Azotobacter chrysogenum, and 2 parts of Candida albicans.
4. The bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cucumber variety mentioned is Jinchun No.
3.
5. A method for preparing a bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (a) Prepare raw materials by crushing the straw or rice husks and mixing them evenly with the decomposed livestock and poultry manure. Then add the microbial compound inoculant and carry out aerobic composting fermentation at 50-60℃ to obtain fermentation products. (b) The fermentation product is dried and pulverized, then mixed evenly with borax, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and humic acid, and granulated to obtain a bio-fertilizer that reduces the obstacle of continuous cucumber cropping.
6. A soil improvement method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Soil disinfection: In early spring, from late February to early March, apply granules containing more than 50% calcium cyanamide to the soil at a rate of 50 kg-60 kg per mu. Then plow to a depth of 20-30 cm, cover with mulch for 15-20 days, remove the mulch, water until the soil moisture reaches 70%-80%, and ventilate for 5-7 days. (2) Application of bio-fertilizer: Apply bio-fertilizer that reduces cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to any one of claims 1-4 or The bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers prepared according to the preparation method of claim 5 is used as a base fertilizer at a rate of 150-200 kg per mu, then plowed to a depth of 20-30 cm, covered with mulch film after 7-10 days, and then sown. (3) Topdressing: Apply the first topdressing at the initial flowering stage of cucumber, using the bio-fertilizer or fertilizer per acre that reduces continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber according to any one of claims 1-4. The bio-fertilizer for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber prepared according to the method of claim 5, weighing 5-8 kg, is applied per acre at the following stages: the root fruit enlargement stage, the peak fruiting stage, and the late fruiting stage of cucumber, respectively. 8-12 kg of bio-fertilizer for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles was prepared according to the preparation method of claim 5; Furthermore, during the fruit enlargement period, 2-3 kg / mu of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements is applied, of which N≥20%; During the peak fruiting period, apply 2-3 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, with N≥20% and K2O≥20%.
7. The soil improvement method for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The soil improvement method described herein is applicable to the Northeast region.
8. The soil improvement method for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), granules containing 50% calcium cyanamide are applied to the soil in open-field cultivation at a rate of 60 kg per acre.
9. The soil improvement method for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the amount of bio-fertilizer used as base fertilizer is 160-180 kg per mu.
10. The soil improvement method for reducing cucumber continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 9, characterized in that, Apply 6 kg of the bio-fertilizer per mu (unit of land area) to reduce continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers during the initial flowering stage and the first topdressing stage; apply 9 kg of the bio-fertilizer per mu to reduce continuous cropping obstacles of cucumbers during the root fruit enlargement stage, the peak fruiting stage, and the late fruiting stage; apply 2 kg / mu of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements during the root fruit enlargement stage; and apply 3 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with macro-elements during the peak fruiting stage.