Sonoluminescence radical generation system, control method, and pollutant treatment method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of sonoluminescence free radical generation system, control method and pollutant processing method.The system includes electric control system, signal generator, spectrum analyzer, oscilloscope, power amplification module, ultrasonic transducer and optical fiber probe;Electric control system is centrally controlled to signal generator and spectrum analyzer by bus, signal generator drives ultrasonic transducer to produce cavitation bubble in medium water phase by power amplification module, and optical fiber probe gathers cavitation collapse light signal and sends to spectrum analyzer.The application utilizes sound wave to penetrate complex medium, generates hydroxyl radical in situ by sonoluminescence, breaks through the bottleneck that traditional light-driven technology is completely ineffective in optical poor medium, and can be used for soil groundwater remediation, high turbidity wastewater treatment and industrial cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a sonoluminescence free radical generation system, a control method for the sonoluminescence free radical generation system, and a pollutant treatment method using the sonoluminescence free radical generation system, belonging to the field of organic pollutant treatment technology. Background Technology

[0002] Recently, key industries such as petrochemicals, coatings, printing and dyeing, and pharmaceuticals have incorporated new pollutant-related construction projects into the environmental impact assessment management system, placing higher demands on the coordinated treatment of conventional and new pollutants. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are considered ideal mineralizers for recalcitrant organic pollutants due to their strong oxidizing power, non-selective reaction, and the fact that their final products are water and inorganic salts. Currently, the mainstream industrial methods for generating hydroxyl radicals include photocatalytic oxidation, ultraviolet light excitation, electrochemical oxidation, and Fenton chemical oxidation. These technologies have all achieved certain applications in different scenarios, but each has significant limitations.

[0003] Photocatalytic oxidation and ultraviolet light excitation are currently the most promising pathways for generating hydroxyl radicals, but their core bottleneck lies in their extreme dependence on the optical properties of the medium. On the one hand, conventional ultraviolet light sources have low electro-optical conversion efficiency and short lamp life, and the quantum efficiency of photocatalysts is generally less than 5%, making it difficult to meet the overall energy consumption requirements for industrial economics. On the other hand, and more fundamentally, the penetrating power of ultraviolet light in the medium is extremely limited. When the object being treated is high-turbidity wastewater, high-chroma dyeing liquor, viscous oily sludge, porous polluted soil, or underground in-situ aquifers, strong scattering by suspended particles, strong absorption by dissolved colored substances, light path distortion at multiphase interfaces, and physical space shielding all lead to a sharp attenuation of light energy within a very short propagation distance, or even complete failure to establish an effective irradiation field. In such media with complex optical properties and blocked light propagation paths, photo-driven oxidation technology is no longer a matter of efficiency, but rather is fundamentally ineffective.

[0004] Other technological approaches also struggle to fill this gap: electrochemical oxidation is limited by the conductivity of the medium, and the electrodes are prone to contamination and passivation; Fenton and Fenton-like methods require continuous addition of chemical reagents, posing risks of secondary pollution and storage and transportation safety hazards; thermal treatment methods are extremely energy-intensive and cause significant damage to the soil ecosystem, making them difficult to apply on a large scale for in-situ remediation. In summary, existing hydroxyl radical generation technologies cannot achieve economical, continuous, and controllable in-situ oxidation in complex media with poor optical properties, multiphase heterogeneity, or physical shielding.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve efficient, stable, and in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals in complex media with optical opacity, strong light absorption, distorted or physically blocked light propagation paths, and containing an aqueous phase, at an industrially acceptable cost and energy efficiency, remains a long-standing technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The primary technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a sonoluminescence radical generation system.

[0007] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a control method for a sonoluminescence radical generation system.

[0008] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pollutant treatment method using the above-mentioned sonoluminescence free radical generation system.

[0009] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an industrial cleaning method using the above-mentioned sonoluminescence free radical generation system.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: According to a first aspect of the present invention, an acoustic luminescence radical generation system is provided, comprising an electronic control system, a signal generator, a spectrum analyzer, an oscilloscope, a power amplifier module, an ultrasonic transducer, an optical fiber probe, and a preamplifier; The electronic control system is connected to the signal generator and the spectrum analyzer via a bus, respectively. The output of the signal generator is connected to the ultrasonic transducer via the power amplification module to drive the ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic cavitation bubbles in the aqueous phase of the medium. The fiber optic probe is used to collect the optical signal generated when the cavitation bubble collapses, and its output is connected to the oscilloscope and the spectrum analyzer via the preamplifier. The fiber optic probe is positioned to detect the region of maximum light flux generated by the ultrasonic transducer in the aqueous phase, where cavitation bubbles are produced. The medium is optically opaque or has strong light absorption properties, or distorts the light propagation path, or has physical obstacles to light propagation, and the medium contains an aqueous phase that can participate in the reaction.

[0011] Preferably, the fiber optic probe is coaxially arranged with the ultrasonic transducer, and the relative distance between the detection end face of the fiber optic probe and the radiation surface of the ultrasonic transducer is adjustable.

[0012] Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer is a unit-type ultrasonic transducer or an array-type ultrasonic transducer, and the outer contour of its amplitude transformer may have a multi-segment acoustic focus structure.

[0013] Preferably, the unitary ultrasonic transducer includes a transducer head, an amplitude transformer, and a connecting wire; The transducer head contains a piezoelectric ceramic wafer; The amplitude transformer is used to amplify the vibration displacement generated by the piezoelectric ceramic wafer, increase the emitted sound pressure, and amplify and focus the sound wave. The connecting cable is used to connect the ultrasonic transducer to the power amplification module.

[0014] Preferably, the array-type ultrasonic transducer includes an array-type transducer and an acoustic lens, wherein the acoustic lens is used to dynamically adjust the focal range of the array-type transducer.

[0015] Preferably, there are multiple ultrasonic transducers, and the spatial arrangement and phase relationship of the multiple ultrasonic transducers are set so that their respective sound fields are constructively and coherently superimposed in the target area to form a synthetic sound field with sound pressure fluctuations smaller than those of a single transducer.

[0016] Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer is connected to an adaptive frequency tracking circuit module; The adaptive frequency tracking circuit module includes a microcontroller, a pulse generator, a power amplifier module, a matching network, and a transducer connected in sequence to form a drive loop; it also includes a current detection module and an A / D conversion module connected in sequence to the microcontroller to form a feedback loop.

[0017] Preferably, the axis of the fiber optic probe is aligned with or parallel to the axis of the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer.

[0018] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a control method for the above-described sonoluminescence radical generation system is provided, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The signal generator receives the start signal and performs initial configuration of the drive parameters of the ultrasonic transducer; Step 2: The ultrasonic transducer operates with the initially configured parameters, and the fiber optic probe detects and outputs an optical signal; Step 3: The spectrum analyzer receives the optical signal, decomposes it into a spectrum and extracts the ultraviolet light parameters as the emission intensity; performs frequency scanning within a preset frequency range, records the emission intensity corresponding to each frequency point, and determines the frequency corresponding to the maximum emission intensity as the optimal frequency; Step 4: The signal generator fixes the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer to the optimal frequency, increases the output voltage amplitude step by step, and monitors the light intensity in real time, dynamically adjusting the output voltage until the light intensity reaches the maximum value under the current conditions.

[0019] Preferably, in step 1, the initial frequency is set to the lowest frequency that causes cavitation of bubbles in the aqueous phase of the medium and is acceptable for formation disturbance.

[0020] Preferably, the spectrum analyzer decomposes the optical signal into a spectrum and extracts parameters related to ultraviolet light as the emitted light intensity.

[0021] Preferably, the emitted light intensity is the integrated intensity of the ultraviolet band in the optical signal of the maximum luminous flux region.

[0022] Preferably, step 3 includes the following sub-steps: Step 31: Record the input voltage, current, power density and light intensity at the current driving frequency, and determine whether the light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light intensity threshold. If so, proceed directly to step 4. Step 32: Under the control of the electronic control system, the command signal generator gradually changes the driving frequency within the preset frequency range with a constant output voltage amplitude and a set step size. At each frequency point, the input active power and the corresponding light intensity are recorded, and the light intensity is plotted as a curve of frequency change. The frequency corresponding to the peak point of the curve is determined as the optimal frequency.

[0023] Preferably, the power density of the ultrasonic transducer is controlled within the range of the power density-luminous intensity relationship curve of the medium that has an energy amplification effect.

[0024] Preferably, the control method further includes: Step 5: The fiber optic probe detects the emitted light intensity again to determine whether it has reached the expected intensity value. If it has, the current parameters are maintained and the operation continues. If it has not, frequency tracking is started, and a micro-frequency scan is performed within the set window with the optimal frequency as the center. The driving frequency is adjusted in real time to restore the emitted light intensity to the maximum value. Step 6: When the continuous working time reaches the expected duration, the process ends.

[0025] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for treating pollutants using the above-described sonoluminescence radical generation system is provided, comprising the following steps: The ultrasonic transducer and the fiber optic probe are immersed in a medium in a contaminated area, wherein the medium is soil, groundwater, industrial wastewater, sludge, or highly turbid water. Water is injected into the contaminated area through a well, so that the ultrasonic transducer is completely immersed in the aqueous phase; The ultrasonic cavitation repair using the above control method generates dense cavitation bubbles in the medium. The energy generated when the cavitation bubbles collapse causes water molecules to decompose into hydroxyl radicals and breaks the molecular chains or chemical bonds of organic pollutants in the medium. The system monitors the light intensity and processing time in real time until the expected processing duration is reached, at which point the processing ends.

[0026] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an industrial cleaning method utilizing the above-described sonoluminescence radical generation system is provided, comprising the following steps: Multiple ultrasonic transducers and multiple fiber optic probes are installed in the cleaning area of ​​the production line, and the ultrasonic transducers and the fiber optic probes are completely immersed in the cleaning medium. The ultrasonic transducer is driven to work using the above control method, generating dense cavitation bubbles in the cleaning medium. The ultraviolet light generated when the cavitation bubbles collapse causes water molecules to decompose and generate hydroxyl radicals, which then oxidize and decompose organic pollutants on the surface of the object to be cleaned. The object to be cleaned is moved out after being kept in the cleaning area for a preset time by a conveying device, thus completing the cleaning process.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1) Overcoming the optical limitations of media: By utilizing the good penetrability of sound waves in non-transparent, high-turbidity, and multiphase media, the fundamental bottleneck of traditional ultraviolet light and photocatalysis technologies failing due to the limited light propagation in the medium is overcome.

[0028] 2) Efficient and safe in-situ free radical generation: Ultraviolet light is directly excited in the aqueous phase inside the medium through the sonoluminescence mechanism to achieve in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals, avoiding the introduction of chemical additives and making it suitable for harsh environments. Moreover, because only the aqueous phase inside the medium is heated, it is more energy-efficient than heating the entire medium in heat treatment methods.

[0029] 3) Intelligent closed-loop control: Based on spectral feedback, adaptive frequency tracking control optimizes the ultrasonic working frequency and power in real time, ensuring that the system always operates in the most efficient cavitation luminescence state, improving energy utilization and free radical production stability.

[0030] 4) It can handle a wide range of pollutants and has broad applications: It is particularly suitable for complex systems that are difficult to handle by traditional light technology, such as high solid water, high viscosity fluid, and porous solids. Moreover, it can handle almost all organic pollutants, expanding the application boundaries of advanced oxidation technology. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of the sonoluminescence radical generation system in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2A This is a photograph of the first type of ultrasonic transducer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of the second type of ultrasonic transducer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3A This is a partially cutaway structural diagram of the third type of ultrasonic transducer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3B for Figure 3A A photograph of the third type of ultrasonic transducer in the image; Figure 3C This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth type of ultrasonic transducer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth type of ultrasonic transducer and its ultrasonic physical field sound pressure simulation in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the array-type ultrasonic transducer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5B for Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the sound pressure distribution of the focused sound field of the ultrasonic transducer in the image; Figure 6 This is a block diagram of an adaptive frequency tracking circuit for an ultrasonic transducer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 The graph shows the relationship between electrical power density and luminous intensity in pure water. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the ultrasonic transducer and the fiber optic probe in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the process for treating pollutants using the sonoluminescence free radical generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical content of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] The core technical concept of this invention lies in using piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (including array-type ultrasonic transducers) to achieve controlled focusing of the sound field, forming a three-dimensional cavitation bubble capture and enrichment zone around the focal region in the target area. This transforms the cavitation event from random dispersion to controlled dense occurrence, thereby significantly improving the conversion efficiency of acoustic energy to chemical energy (i.e., free radical generation). Through the local high temperature and pressure (approximately 5000K, 1000 atm) generated during the collapse of numerous cavitation bubbles, water molecule pyrolysis (H2O → H·+·OH) is induced, achieving continuous, in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals. Simultaneously, a fiber optic probe is used to collect spectral data in the maximum luminous flux region in real time, serving as an in-situ monitoring indicator of free radical generation intensity. This forms a closed-loop feedback control of the ultrasonic probe, constructing an integrated sonoluminescent chemical oxidation system of "physical triggering - optical monitoring - dynamic regulation". This system not only achieves efficient in-situ degradation of organic pollutants and significantly reduces operating costs compared to traditional photocatalytic oxidation methods, but more importantly, it breaks through the fundamental limitation of ultraviolet light propagation by the optical properties of the medium, making it suitable for special pollution scenarios such as underground, high turbidity, and high chromaticity where direct light cannot be introduced.

[0034] First Embodiment like Figure 1 As shown, the first embodiment of the present invention provides an acoustic luminescence radical generation system, which includes at least a signal generator, a spectrum analyzer, and an oscilloscope centrally controlled by an electronic control system (e.g., a computer, but not limited thereto). The electronic control system is connected to and centrally controls the signal generator and the spectrum analyzer via a GPIB bus. The electrical signal output by the signal generator is amplified by a power amplifier module and drives an ultrasonic transducer to generate an ultrasonic cavitation effect. The optical signal generated during the cavitation process is acquired by a fiber optic probe, amplified by a preamplifier, and then sent to the oscilloscope for real-time waveform display (the oscilloscope also communicates with the electronic control system via the GPIB bus), and to the spectrum analyzer for spectrum analysis, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the entire process of ultrasonic cavitation luminescence phenomenon from excitation and acquisition to signal analysis.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic transducer may be as follows: Figure 2A The unitary ultrasonic transducer shown can also be used as follows: Figure 2B The array-type ultrasonic transducer shown. For example... Figure 2A , Figure 3A and Figure 3BAs shown, the unit-type ultrasonic transducer 10 includes a transducer head 11, an amplitude transformer 12, and a connecting line 13. The transducer head 11 contains a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 111, which is clamped and fixed by a front cover plate 112 and a rear cover plate 113, with the front and rear cover plates fastened together by prestressed bolts. A flange 114 is provided between the transducer head 11 and the amplitude transformer 12, and the two are connected by bolts. This ultrasonic transducer is preferably an 8×8 element transducer made of piezoelectric ceramic materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), with an operating frequency range of 20kHz to 100kHz, but not limited to this. It should be noted that the frequency band selected in this embodiment of the invention is based on the following considerations: too low a frequency will result in excessively large cavitation bubbles, significantly increasing disturbance to the formation; too high a frequency will result in excessively small bubble sizes, reducing the formation penetration ability. The specific frequency range and shell pressure bearing capacity of the ultrasonic transducer need to be determined according to the soil or geological characteristics of the pollution plume.

[0036] The amplitude transformer 12 is used to mechanically amplify the minute vibration displacement generated by the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 111 to increase the emitted sound pressure, while simultaneously amplifying the sound wave and facilitating sound field focusing. The connecting line 13 is used to connect the ultrasonic transducer 10 to the power amplification module and the power supply. In one embodiment of the invention, the amplitude transformer 12 can be designed with a multi-segment acoustic focus structure, i.e., forming multiple acoustic focuses radially to achieve a three-dimensional cavitation field distribution.

[0037] Given the complex acoustic impedance characteristics of underground media, the ultrasonic transducer in this embodiment of the invention employs a multi-band design to adapt to load changes in real time and avoid detuning. In one embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic transducer 10 adopts a multi-band design. By monitoring the input impedance or load changes of the transducer in real time and dynamically adjusting the driving frequency using a tunable matching network (such as a variable capacitor or variable inductor) or direct digital frequency synthesis technology, the ultrasonic transducer always operates at the optimal resonant point, thereby ensuring that the system is always in a state of highest energy conversion efficiency.

[0038] As an alternative, embodiments of the present invention may also employ an array-type ultrasonic transducer. This solution includes an array-type transducer and an acoustic lens; the acoustic lens is placed on the radiating surface side of the array-type transducer and, in conjunction with electronic phased array focusing technology, is used to dynamically adjust the focal position, shape, and sound intensity distribution of the array-type transducer.

[0039] Figure 4A simulation diagram of the sound pressure distribution along the beam propagation direction (axial section) of an array-type ultrasonic transducer is presented, where (a) represents the near-field region (Y < 15 mm), (b) represents the transition region between the near-field and far-field regions, and (c) represents the far-field region (Y > 15 mm). In the diagram, the horizontal axis (X) represents the radial position, the vertical axis (Y) represents the axial distance from the transducer surface, and the color intensity represents the sound pressure amplitude. In the near-field region shown in (a), the sound pressure distribution is extremely uneven, with numerous alternating high-pressure and low-pressure areas, leading to a severely uneven spatial distribution of cavitation effects. In the far-field region shown in (c), the sound beam diffuses regularly, and the sound pressure amplitude attenuates smoothly with distance. It is evident that the optimal cavitation operation area for the ultrasonic transducer array can be accurately located using the sound pressure distribution diagram.

[0040] However, Figure 4 Simultaneously, it is shown that significant fluctuations in sound pressure distribution still exist in the axial transition region from the near-field to the far-field region. To obtain a more uniform and stable sound field distribution in the target operating area, this embodiment of the invention further employs a technical solution of multiple ultrasonic transducers working in tandem. For example... Figure 5A , Figure 5B As shown, an ultrasonic phased array transducer composed of circular radially vibrating elements can be used. Multiple transducers are connected in series to form a focused sound field along the tunnel axis. The spatial arrangement of each transducer can also adopt an equilateral triangular array, a regular polygon array, etc., as long as the basic requirements for forming a focused sound field are met. By precisely controlling the excitation phase and spatial position of each transducer, and utilizing the acoustic interference effect, the sound fields of multiple (e.g., three) transducers can achieve constructive and coherent superposition within the target area, thereby synthesizing a sound field with smaller sound pressure fluctuations and more uniform energy distribution in the axial direction, significantly improving cavitation efficiency. In addition, the coordinated operation of multiple transducers can also increase the local acoustic energy density and sound intensity, providing the necessary sound field intensity conditions for exciting ultraviolet light.

[0041] The ultrasonic transducer is controlled by an adaptive frequency tracking circuit module. Figure 6The block diagram of this module shows that its drive circuit consists of a microcontroller, a pulse generator, a power amplifier module, a matching network, and a transducer connected in sequence. The feedback circuit includes a current detection module and an A / D conversion module connected in sequence to the microcontroller. The current detection module collects the operating current flowing through the transducer in the drive circuit in real time, converts it into a digital signal by the A / D conversion module, and sends it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller has a preset frequency modulation algorithm that analyzes the received digital current signal and outputs a frequency adjustment command to the pulse generator, adjusting the pulse signal frequency step by step to ensure that the transducer always operates at the resonant state of maximum current. After amplification by the power amplifier module and impedance matching by the matching network, the drive signal finally drives the transducer. Through the above closed-loop control, the circuit can automatically track the transducer resonant frequency drift caused by factors such as temperature changes and load fluctuations, ensuring that the transducer always operates at the optimal resonant point, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the sound field output and the efficiency of electro-acoustic energy conversion.

[0042] The temperature at the collapse center of a single bubble can be estimated by measuring the sonoluminescence spectrum of cavitation bubbles, and the free radical production is strongly positively correlated with this temperature. However, spectrothermometry requires the measured object to be a stable, periodically collapsing single bubble, and the medium must be optically transparent. In practical applications such as underground soil, the opacity of the medium prevents light from propagating effectively, and since the focused sound field of this invention excites a multi-bubble cavitation mode, conventional spectrothermometry techniques cannot obtain clear inert gas spectral lines for temperature estimation. To address this technical bottleneck, embodiments of this invention are based on the measured relationship curve between electrical power density and emitted light intensity (e.g., ...). Figure 7 As shown, an optical fiber probe is used to directly detect the emitted light intensity, replacing the single-bubble collapse temperature as a feedback control variable. This is used to adjust the pulse generator drive frequency (keeping the ultrasonic transducer in a resonant state with maximum current), thereby ensuring the continuous and stable generation of cavitation bubbles. The physical basis is that the emitted light intensity is directly related to the intensity of cavitation bubble collapse; the stronger the light intensity, the higher the local temperature and pressure at the moment of collapse, and the greater the amount of free radicals generated. Therefore, emitted light intensity is the most direct and suitable optical tracer index for engineering applications to characterize cavitation intensity.

[0043] Figure 7 The relationship between electrical power density and luminous intensity at different frequencies in pure water is presented. Taking the 40 kHz curve as an example: the electrical power density ranges from approximately 0.10 W / cm². 3 Increased to 0.20 W / cm 3 At that time, the light intensity increased from approximately 4 μW / cm². 2 Increased to 12 μW / cm 2The increase reached 3 times, and the slope of the curve increased significantly within this range. This indicates a significant energy amplification effect within this range—a small increase in driving power can result in a large leap in luminous intensity. This invention controls the electrical power density of the ultrasonic transducer within the range exhibiting the aforementioned energy amplification effect in the measured electrical power density-luminous intensity relationship curve for a specific medium. This allows for efficient control of cavitation intensity and free radical yield with precisely adjustable input energy, meeting the dual demands of low power consumption and high output for industrialization.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, both the fiber optic probe and the ultrasonic transducer are inserted into the medium to be remediated (soil or water), and they are arranged coaxially. Alternatively, the fiber optic probe 14 can be fixed to the flange 114 of the ultrasonic transducer and deployed together with the transducer in a pre-drilled well in the soil (e.g., 10–20 meters underground depending on the depth of the contamination plume, see reference). Figure 5A (Layout shown). By adjusting the relative distance between the end face of the fiber optic probe and the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer, spectral data of the maximum luminous flux region can be accurately captured, thereby obtaining the emission intensity in the ultraviolet band.

[0045] This invention has a wide range of applications, covering various water systems and aqueous solid media, and is particularly suitable for complex media with poor optical properties that traditional light-driven technologies cannot effectively address. Such media typically possess one or a combination of the following characteristics: optical opacity or strong light absorption, or distortion of the light propagation path, or the presence of physical obstacles to light propagation, and the presence of an aqueous phase capable of participating in the reaction within the medium. These characteristics fundamentally hinder or completely destroy the optical paths upon which traditional light-driven technologies (such as ultraviolet irradiation and photocatalytic oxidation) rely, specifically manifested as follows: 1) Optical opacity: In high-turbidity, high-solids-content media (such as sludge and slurry), a large number of suspended particles strongly scatter and absorb light, causing light energy to decay rapidly and preventing it from penetrating into the interior of the medium; 2) Strong light absorption / high color intensity: In industrial wastewater such as printing and dyeing and electroplating, dissolved organic matter or metal ions give the water a deep color intensity and strongly absorb specific wavelengths such as ultraviolet light, making it impossible for light to penetrate effectively. 3) Severe obstruction of light propagation path: Complex multiphase and heterogeneous media (such as viscous waste oil and porous polluted soil) have solid-liquid-gas multiphase interfaces, which cause the light propagation path to be distorted, reflection to be chaotic, and energy distribution to be extremely uneven, making it difficult for traditional optical technologies to achieve controllable processing. 4) Physical shading and geometric constraints: Scenarios such as underground environments, wells, and inside pipes lack direct light introduction paths or have limited space dimensions, making it impossible to deploy conventional light source systems.

[0046] More seriously, the ultraviolet light used to induce aqueous pyrolysis to generate hydroxyl radicals has extremely low penetration efficiency and a very limited effective area in various media. Therefore, in the aforementioned complex media, conventional photocatalytic oxidation technology is no longer a matter of "efficiency," but rather completely ineffective in principle.

[0047] Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention employ a sonoluminescence technology approach: using sound waves as energy carriers to propagate in the medium. Sound waves possess excellent penetrability and controllable propagation in liquid and saturated porous media, and their behavior is largely unaffected by differences in the optical properties of the medium, such as turbidity, color, and transmittance. Although the aforementioned complex media severely hinder light propagation, they all contain continuous or discrete aqueous phase regions. Ultrasonic energy can effectively penetrate and focus on these aqueous micro-regions, thereby in-situ exciting hydroxyl radicals through the sonoluminescence effect. Thus, the present invention successfully overcomes the fundamental technical challenges of uncontrollable, obstructed, or unevenly distributed light propagation paths in complex media.

[0048] Second Embodiment The second embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for the above-mentioned sonoluminescence radical generation system, applicable to the sonoluminescence radical generation system provided in the first embodiment, and can be used in various application scenarios such as pollutant treatment and industrial cleaning. Figure 9 As shown, the control method includes the following steps.

[0049] Step 1: Upon receiving the start signal, the signal generator initializes the drive parameters of the ultrasonic transducer. Based on experimental data, the initial frequency is preferably set to the lowest frequency (typically 20 kHz) that is acceptable for formation disturbance to induce cavitation in the aqueous phase of the medium; alternatively, it can be scanned from high frequency (e.g., 100 kHz) to low frequency until the fiber optic probe detects the acoustic luminescence signal.

[0050] Step 2: The ultrasonic transducer operates with its initial configuration parameters, and the fiber optic probe 14 acquires the optical signal generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles. Since the fiber optic probe 14 is positioned in the maximum optical flux region, its output optical signal can accurately reflect the cavitation intensity.

[0051] Step 3: The spectrum analyzer receives the optical signal collected by the fiber optic probe 14, decomposes the optical signal into a spectrum, and extracts the integrated intensity of the ultraviolet band (200–400 nm) as the emitted light intensity. In one embodiment of the present invention, the integrated intensity of the ultraviolet band (200–400 nm) is used as the emitted light intensity. The emitted light intensity is compared with a preset threshold; if the threshold is not reached, the frequency or input power is adjusted.

[0052] Specifically, the optimal resonant frequency is identified through frequency parameterization scanning: keeping the output voltage and pulse width constant, the driving frequency is gradually changed in a set step size (e.g., 100 Hz) near the initial frequency, and the luminous intensity corresponding to each frequency point is recorded. The luminous intensity-frequency curve is plotted, and the frequency corresponding to the peak point is the optimal frequency. This process ensures the highest electro-acoustic conversion efficiency, thereby obtaining the strongest cavitation effect and luminous intensity at a safe power density. Figure 7 The relationship between electric power density and light intensity at different frequencies in pure water is given. Similar curves can be obtained in specific media.

[0053] Step 3 further includes the following sub-steps: Step 31: Initial State Diagnosis and Parameter Setting. Record the input voltage, current, power density, and light intensity at the current driving frequency, and determine whether the light intensity is greater than or equal to the light intensity threshold; if yes, proceed directly to Step 4; if no, proceed to Step 32.

[0054] Step 32: Frequency scanning to identify the optimal frequency. Using the nominal resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer as the center, set the scanning range (e.g., ±1 kHz), and use system resolution (e.g., 1–5 Hz) as the step size. Under the control of the electronic control system, instruct the signal generator to gradually change the driving frequency with a constant output voltage amplitude. At each frequency point, record the input active power and the corresponding emitted light intensity using a power meter or oscilloscope, and plot the emitted light intensity-frequency curve. The frequency corresponding to the peak point is the optimal frequency. In one embodiment of the invention, the initial frequency scan uses a larger step size (e.g., 100 Hz) to quickly locate the optimal frequency range; the frequency tracking stage uses a smaller step size (e.g., ±5 Hz) to accurately lock the resonant point.

[0055] Step 4: The signal generator fixes the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer to the optimal frequency determined in Step 3, and then gradually increases the output voltage amplitude in preset steps, while simultaneously monitoring the emitted light intensity in real time and dynamically adjusting the output voltage until the emitted light intensity reaches the maximum value under the current conditions. Preferably, the power density is controlled within the range of the power density-emitted light intensity relationship curve for a specific medium that exhibits an energy amplification effect (e.g., ...). Figure 7 (The interval with a significantly increased slope) is used to achieve the engineering goal of low power consumption and high output.

[0056] Step 5: The fiber optic probe 14 detects the emitted light intensity again to determine whether the expected intensity value has been reached. If it has been reached, the current parameters are maintained and operation continues; if it has not been reached, automatic frequency tracking is initiated: with the optimal frequency as the center, a small scanning window (e.g., ±5 Hz) is set, and a small-amplitude frequency scan is performed at a relatively long time interval (e.g., per second). An extreme value search algorithm (such as the perturbation observation method) is used to adjust the driving frequency in real time so that the emitted light intensity is always maintained at the maximum value, compensating for the resonant frequency drift caused by transducer heating, load changes, etc.

[0057] Step 6: When the continuous working time reaches the expected duration, the process ends. The expected duration can be preset based on the pollution plume simulation calculation results or process requirements.

[0058] Step 7: For large-scale or multi-area processing scenarios, the focal position of the ultrasonic transducer can be adjusted (e.g., by moving the transducer or adjusting the phase of the array probe). Repeat steps 3 to 5 until the entire target area is processed.

[0059] Taking in-situ soil remediation as an example: After locating the pollution plume, the ultrasonic transducer 10 and fiber optic probe 14 are lowered to the target depth in the well, and steps 1 to 6 are executed; during the remediation process, parameters are dynamically adjusted based on feedback, and the pressure and temperature in the well are monitored in real time; after the current area is treated, the transducer is moved to the next working depth or position, and the above steps are repeated to gradually complete the remediation operation of the entire area.

[0060] Third Embodiment In the third embodiment of this invention, the aforementioned sonoluminescent radical generation system not only generates hydroxyl radicals through the pyrolysis of water molecules, but the high-temperature and high-pressure environment generated by the instantaneous collapse of cavitation bubbles also possesses sufficient energy density to directly act on organic pollutant molecules, causing the carbon chains of hydrocarbon macromolecules to break and functional groups to decompose, generating small molecule intermediates and gradually mineralizing them. Based on this mechanism, this invention can be widely applied to various organic pollutant treatment scenarios, covering the following hydrocarbon and derivative categories. The compounds and pollution sources listed in each example are representative cases and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of application.

[0061] Aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and phenol. They are used in industries such as petrochemicals, oil refining, coatings, pharmaceuticals, printing, rubber and plastics, and solvent production. This invention can be applied to soil and groundwater in petrochemical plant areas, wastewater discharge sites in chemical industrial parks, underground oil tank areas at gas stations, areas surrounding coking plants and refineries, coating and solvent production workshops, solvent-using sites in printing, painting, and shoemaking, and wastewater areas in pharmaceutical and pesticide production.

[0062] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) include naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene. They are involved in industries such as coking, coal chemical industry, asphalt production, thermal power, steel smelting, and waste incineration. This invention can be applied to coal coking plants and tar processing plants, former gas plant sites, asphalt paving and storage areas, petroleum refining residue areas, soil surrounding waste incineration plants, and contaminated sites surrounding thermal power plants.

[0063] Alkanes: including methane, ethane, propane, n-hexane, diesel alkanes, etc. This invention relates to industries such as oil extraction, natural gas industry, oil refining, oil storage and transportation, and gas stations. It can be applied to oil extraction and pipeline leak areas, contaminated gas station sites, oil fields and shale gas fields, natural gas storage and transportation systems, and contaminated oil depot areas.

[0064] Olefins: including ethylene, propylene, styrene, etc. This invention relates to industries such as petrochemicals, plastics manufacturing, synthetic rubber, and resin production. It can be applied to petrochemical cracking units, plastics and rubber manufacturing plants, polyethylene / polypropylene production areas, and synthetic resin and foam material factories.

[0065] Alkynes: including acetylene, propyne, etc. This invention relates to industries such as welding, gas production, calcium carbide chemicals, and metal processing. It can be applied to welding and metal processing plants, chemical synthesis gas production facilities, calcium carbide plants, and gas storage and transportation stations.

[0066] Halogenated hydrocarbons: including trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, chloroform, brominated hydrocarbons, fluorinated hydrocarbons, etc. These are applicable to industries such as electronics manufacturing, metal cleaning, dry cleaning, refrigeration equipment, and pharmaceuticals and chemicals. This invention can be applied to electronic component cleaning plants, metal degreasing and cleaning workshops, dry cleaning shops and former dry cleaning plant sites, refrigerant production and repair areas, and semiconductor industrial zones.

[0067] Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: including chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc. These are involved in industries such as pesticide production, power equipment manufacturing, chemical dyes, and insulating materials. This invention can be applied to sites of insulating oil leaks and pesticide and dye production plants.

[0068] Petroleum hydrocarbons: including crude oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil, etc. This invention relates to industries such as oil extraction, refining, oil storage and transportation, transportation, and machinery manufacturing. It can be applied to oil fields and production platforms, refineries and oil storage tank areas, machine shops, and areas prone to pipeline leaks.

[0069] Heavy organic hydrocarbons, including asphalt and coal tar, are involved in industries such as coking, coal chemical industry, road asphalt, and waterproofing material production. This invention can be applied to former coking plant sites, gas plant ruins, and road asphalt production plants.

[0070] Pesticide-related organic hydrocarbons: including organochlorine pesticides, etc. This involves industries such as pesticide manufacturing, agricultural planting, and pest control storage. This invention can be applied to areas of farmland historically used with pesticides and contaminated areas of former pesticide factory sites.

[0071] Heteroatom-containing organic hydrocarbons: including oxygen / nitrogen-containing aromatic hydrocarbons (such as phenols and anilines). This invention relates to industries such as dye manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, fine chemicals, explosives and military industries, and rubber industries. It can be applied to dye factories, pharmaceutical and fine chemical plants, explosives and military factories, leather processing plants, and rubber industrial zones.

[0072] The above examples are merely partial illustrations of the application of the technical solutions of this invention in the field of organic pollutant treatment, and are not exhaustive enumeration of application scenarios. Any medium environment in which the sonoluminescence radical generation system provided by this invention can generate cavitation effects and induce chemical bond breaking should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0073] Fourth embodiment In the fourth embodiment of this invention, the aforementioned sonoluminescent radical generation system, through photolysis and / or high-temperature and high-pressure effects generated instantaneously by the collapse of cavitation bubbles, can not only pyrolyze water molecules to generate hydroxyl radicals, but also directly act on organic pollutant molecules, causing the breakage of multiple covalent bonds in the carbon center, generating corresponding radical intermediates and gradually mineralizing them. The following are examples of the types of covalent bonds that can be broken by this system and their typical application scenarios. The compounds and industries listed are representative illustrations and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection: CC bonds (alkane and petroleum hydrocarbon backbones): involved in the petrochemical and energy industries. Applications include oil extraction and pipeline leak areas, contaminated gas station sites, oil fields and shale gas fields, and oil depots.

[0074] C=C bond (aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons): involved in coking, coal chemical industry, and combustion industry. Applicable to areas surrounding coal coking plants, tar processing plants, former gas plants, asphalt production plants, and waste incineration plants.

[0075] C=C bond (olefins, aromatic side chains): Involved in petrochemical cracking and plastics plants. Applicable to petrochemical cracking units, plastics and rubber manufacturing plants, synthetic resin and foam material factories, etc.

[0076] C≡C bond (alkynes): Involved in industrial gases and calcium carbide chemicals. Applicable to welding and metal processing plants, chemical synthesis gas production units, calcium carbide plants, gas storage and transportation stations, etc.

[0077] CH bonds (all hydrocarbons): Involves petrochemicals, energy and fuel production, and organic chemicals. It covers all the aforementioned hydrocarbon pollution scenarios.

[0078] C-Cl bond (chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons): Involved in dry cleaning and electronic cleaning. Applicable to electronic component cleaning plants, metal degreasing workshops, former dry cleaning shops, refrigerant production and maintenance areas, semiconductor industrial zones, etc.

[0079] C-Br bond (brominated hydrocarbon): Involved in flame retardants and fine chemicals. Applications include flame retardant manufacturing plants and fine chemical industrial parks.

[0080] CF bond (fluorinated hydrocarbons): Involved in refrigerants and fluorochemicals. Applications include refrigerant manufacturing plants and fluorochemical industrial parks.

[0081] CO bonds (phenols, ethers): Involved in phenol pollution and pharmaceutical plants. Applicable to sites contaminated with phenols, and wastewater treatment areas in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.

[0082] CN bond (aniline compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds): Involved in dyes, explosives, and the aniline industry. Applicable to dye factories, explosives and military factories, aniline production areas, leather processing plants, etc.

[0083] The above examples are merely partial application illustrations of the technical solutions of this invention in the field of organic pollutant treatment. Any medium environment in which the sonoluminescence free radical generation system provided by this invention can generate cavitation effect and induce chemical bond breaking should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0084] Fifth embodiment The sonoluminescence radical generation system provided in the first embodiment of this invention can also be used for in-situ remediation of contaminated sites, especially suitable for porous media environments such as soil and groundwater. The following uses organically contaminated soil remediation as an example to illustrate its typical implementation process; please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 9 .

[0085] First, the pollution plume is located and initial parameters are predicted: the spatial distribution range and boundaries of underground pollutants are determined through geophysical exploration, hydrogeological surveys or monitoring well data; based on simulation software calculations, the borehole layout location is determined, and the initial driving parameters of the ultrasonic transducer (i.e., the initial configuration in step 1) and the expected processing time (as the expected time in step 6) are predicted.

[0086] A vertical hole is then drilled at the designated location, with the drilling depth determined based on the location of the contaminated layer, to facilitate the installation of the ultrasonic transducer 10 and the fiber optic probe 14. After drilling, a casing is installed to support the borehole wall, prevent borehole collapse, and isolate different aquifers. A filter pipe section (with a narrow slit or round hole) is installed at the depth corresponding to the target contaminated aquifer to allow groundwater and contaminants to freely enter the well casing. Cement grout or other sealing materials are injected between the casing and the borehole wall to cement the well, securing the casing and preventing contaminants from migrating along the borehole wall.

[0087] The above-described steps of locating the contamination plume, drilling, casing, and cementing all employ conventional techniques in the field and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. For contaminated areas where the aforementioned steps have been completed, the following operations can be performed directly: The ultrasonic transducer 10 and fiber optic probe 14 are immersed in the medium of the contaminated area. Water or other treatment agents are injected into the contaminated area through a well, so that the ultrasonic transducer is completely immersed in the aqueous phase to generate dense cavitation bubbles. The high temperature and pressure generated by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles cause water molecules to pyrolyze and generate hydroxyl radicals, which at the same time directly act on hydrocarbon macromolecules or covalent bonds, causing them to break down into smaller molecule compounds.

[0088] Subsequently, ultrasonic cavitation repair is performed. The sonoluminescence radical generation system dynamically adjusts the driving frequency and power based on real-time emission intensity feedback to ensure continuous and stable operation of the cavitation effect. Preferably, the wellbore pressure and temperature are monitored simultaneously during the repair process until the expected treatment duration is reached, at which point the operation is terminated.

[0089] As an alternative, for complex media such as contaminated liquids, the ultrasonic transducer 10 and fiber optic probe 14 can also be immersed in the medium, and the above method can be used for in-situ cavitation repair, which will not be elaborated further.

[0090] Sixth Embodiment The sonoluminescence radical generation system provided in the first embodiment of the present invention can also be integrated into an industrial production line for continuous cleaning operations. The following uses a vegetable cleaning production line as an example to illustrate its typical implementation.

[0091] Multiple ultrasonic transducers 10 and multiple fiber optic probes 14 are deployed in the cleaning zone of the production line and completely immersed in the cleaning medium (water). The multiple ultrasonic transducers operate with initial configuration parameters, generating dense and controllable cavitation bubbles in the cleaning zone; the optical signals emitted when the cavitation bubbles collapse are collected by the fiber optic probes 14 and sent to a spectrum analyzer for analysis.

[0092] After receiving the optical signal, the spectrum analyzer extracts the emitted light intensity (integrated intensity in the ultraviolet band) and determines whether the current cavitation intensity meets the preset requirements. If adjustment is needed, a parametric scan is performed within the preset frequency range to identify the optimal frequency. The signal generator fixes the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer to this optimal frequency and gradually increases the output voltage amplitude in steps, while monitoring the real-time emitted light intensity and dynamically adjusting it until the maximum light intensity is reached.

[0093] The items to be cleaned (such as vegetables) are conveyed into the cleaning zone by a conveyor, completely immersed in the medium, and remain there for a preset time. Hydroxyl radicals oxidize and decompose residual pesticides and organic pollutants on the surface, while water flow washes away impurities. After cleaning, the items are removed from the cleaning zone and proceed to the next process. Wastewater discharged from the cleaning zone is treated by a purification device and then recycled.

[0094] Taking a pre-cleaned vegetable production line as an example, the specific implementation is as follows: Raw vegetables to be purified are placed in vegetable baskets and conveyed sequentially into the primary treatment zone and the secondary treatment zone by a conveyor belt. Both treatment zones are equipped with multiple ultrasonic transducers 10 and fiber optic probes 14, completely submerged in water. In the primary treatment zone, cavitation bubbles collapse to generate hydroxyl radicals, decomposing pesticides and organic impurities on the surface of the raw vegetables. After discharge, the vegetables are sprayed with water to remove impurities before entering the secondary treatment zone for deep purification. After secondary treatment, the vegetables are sprayed again to complete the cleaning process. The fiber optic probes 14 monitor the ultraviolet light intensity in both treatment zones in real time. Based on this, the system dynamically adjusts the operating frequency and power of the ultrasonic transducers to maintain a stable hydroxyl radical yield, ensuring consistent pesticide residue removal.

[0095] This embodiment uses sonoluminescence effect to replace the traditional water electrolysis and ozone water cleaning process, realizing the continuous, stable and controllable generation of hydroxyl radicals, which has the significant advantages of no chemical residue and safety and environmental protection.

[0096] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples, and the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined, and the order of each step can be changed, all of which are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0097] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0098] The sonoluminescence radical generation system, control method, and pollutant treatment method provided by this invention have been described in detail above. Any obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of this invention will constitute an infringement of the patent rights of this invention and will incur corresponding legal liability.

Claims

1. A sonoluminescence radical generation system, characterized in that... Includes electronic control system, signal generator, spectrum analyzer, oscilloscope, power amplifier module, ultrasonic transducer, fiber optic probe and preamplifier; The electronic control system is connected to the signal generator and the spectrum analyzer via a bus, respectively. The output of the signal generator is connected to the ultrasonic transducer via the power amplification module to drive the ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic cavitation bubbles in the aqueous phase of the medium. The fiber optic probe is used to collect the optical signal generated when the cavitation bubble collapses, and its output end is connected to the oscilloscope and the spectrum analyzer via the preamplifier. The fiber optic probe is positioned to detect the region of maximum light flux generated by the ultrasonic transducer in the aqueous phase, where cavitation bubbles are produced. The medium is optically opaque or has strong light absorption properties, or distorts the light propagation path, or has physical obstacles to light propagation, and the medium contains an aqueous phase that can participate in the reaction.

2. The sonoluminescence radical generation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber optic probe is coaxially arranged with the ultrasonic transducer, and the relative distance between the detection end face of the fiber optic probe and the radiation surface of the ultrasonic transducer is adjustable.

3. The sonoluminescence radical generation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducer is a unit-type ultrasonic transducer or an array-type ultrasonic transducer.

4. The sonoluminescence radical generation system as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The unit-type ultrasonic transducer includes a transducer head, an amplitude transformer, and a connecting wire; The transducer head contains a piezoelectric ceramic wafer; The amplitude transformer is used to amplify the vibration displacement generated by the piezoelectric ceramic wafer, increase the emitted sound pressure, and amplify and focus the sound wave. The connecting cable is used to connect the ultrasonic transducer to the power amplification module.

5. The sonoluminescence radical generation system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The array-type ultrasonic transducer includes an array-type transducer and an acoustic lens, wherein the acoustic lens is used to dynamically adjust the focal range of the array-type transducer.

6. The sonoluminescence radical generation system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducers are multiple, and the spatial arrangement and phase relationship of the multiple ultrasonic transducers are set so that their respective sound fields are constructively and coherently superimposed in the target area to form a synthetic sound field with sound pressure fluctuations smaller than those of a single transducer.

7. The sonoluminescence radical generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducer is connected to an adaptive frequency tracking circuit module. The adaptive frequency tracking circuit module includes a microcontroller, a pulse generator, a power amplifier module, a matching network, and a transducer connected in sequence to form a drive loop; it also includes a current detection module and an A / D conversion module connected in sequence to the microcontroller to form a feedback loop.

8. The sonoluminescence radical generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The axis of the fiber optic probe is aligned with or parallel to the axis of the radiating surface of the ultrasonic transducer.

9. A control method for the sonoluminescence radical generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: The signal generator receives the start signal and performs initial configuration of the drive parameters of the ultrasonic transducer; Step 2: The ultrasonic transducer operates with the initially configured parameters, and the fiber optic probe detects and outputs an optical signal; Step 3: The spectrum analyzer receives the optical signal, decomposes it into a spectrum and extracts the ultraviolet light parameters as the emission intensity; performs frequency scanning within a preset frequency range, records the emission intensity corresponding to each frequency point, and determines the frequency corresponding to the maximum emission intensity as the optimal frequency; Step 4: The signal generator fixes the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer to the optimal frequency, increases the output voltage amplitude step by step, and monitors the light intensity in real time, dynamically adjusting the output voltage until the light intensity reaches the maximum value under the current conditions.

10. The control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: In step 1, the initial frequency is set to the lowest frequency that causes cavitation of bubbles in the aqueous phase of the medium and is acceptable for formation disturbance.

11. The control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The spectrum analyzer decomposes the optical signal into a spectrum and extracts parameters related to ultraviolet light as the emitted light intensity.

12. The control method as described in claim 11, characterized in that: The emitted light intensity is the integrated intensity of the ultraviolet band in the optical signal of the maximum luminous flux region.

13. The control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that... Step 3 includes the following sub-steps: Step 31: Record the input voltage, current, power density and light intensity at the current driving frequency, and determine whether the light intensity is greater than or equal to the preset light intensity threshold. If so, proceed directly to step 4. Step 32: Under the control of the electronic control system, the command signal generator gradually changes the driving frequency within the preset frequency range with a constant output voltage amplitude and a set step size. At each frequency point, the input active power and the corresponding light intensity are recorded, and the light intensity is plotted as a curve of frequency change. The frequency corresponding to the peak point of the curve is determined as the optimal frequency.

14. The control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The power density of the ultrasonic transducer is controlled within the range of the power density-luminous intensity relationship curve of the medium that has an energy amplification effect.

15. The control method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that... Also includes: Step 5: The fiber optic probe detects the emitted light intensity again to determine if it has reached the expected intensity value; if it has, the current parameters are maintained and operation continues. If the optimal frequency is not reached, frequency tracking is initiated, and a micro-frequency scan is performed within the set window with the optimal frequency as the center. The driving frequency is adjusted in real time to restore the light intensity to the maximum value. Step 6: When the continuous working time reaches the expected duration, the process ends.

16. A method for treating pollutants using the sonoluminescence radical generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The ultrasonic transducer and the fiber optic probe are immersed in a medium in a contaminated area, wherein the medium is soil, groundwater, industrial wastewater, sludge, or highly turbid water. Water is injected into the contaminated area through a well, so that the ultrasonic transducer is completely immersed in the aqueous phase; Ultrasonic cavitation repair is performed using the control method described in any one of claims 9 to 15, which generates dense cavitation bubbles in the medium. The energy generated when the cavitation bubbles collapse causes water molecules to decompose into hydroxyl radicals and breaks the molecular chains or chemical bonds of organic pollutants in the medium. The system monitors the light intensity and processing time in real time until the expected processing duration is reached, at which point the processing ends.

17. An industrial cleaning method using the sonoluminescence radical generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Multiple ultrasonic transducers and multiple fiber optic probes are installed in the cleaning area of ​​the production line, and the ultrasonic transducers and the fiber optic probes are completely immersed in the cleaning medium. The ultrasonic transducer is driven to work using the control method described in any one of claims 9 to 15, generating dense cavitation bubbles in the cleaning medium. The ultraviolet light generated when the cavitation bubbles collapse causes water molecules to decompose and generate hydroxyl radicals, which then oxidize and decompose organic pollutants on the surface of the object to be cleaned. The object to be cleaned is moved out after being kept in the cleaning area for a preset time by a conveying device, thus completing the cleaning process.

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