Ventilation housing

Abstract

Ventilation housing, comprising: a case (51); and a ventilation arrangement (1A-1E), wherein the housing (51) has a tubular projection (52) which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface of the housing (51) and has a first space (59) inside which connects the interior and the exterior of the housing (51), the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) features: an internal element (2) which is a tubular body with an opening (12A) at a first end section (11A) and an opening (12B) at a second end section (11B); a gas-permeable membrane (3) covering the opening (12A) at the first end section (11A) of the inner element (2); and an outer element (4) which is a tubular body with a bottom, wherein the outer element (4) is attached to the inner element (2), wherein the inner element (2) is inserted into the interior of the outer element (4) from the side of the first end section (11A), the ventilation arrangement (1A-1 E) is attached to the tubular projection (52), the tubular projection (52) being inserted into the opening (12B) on the second end section (12B) of the inner element (2) to cause an inner circumferential surface of the inner element (2) and an outer circumferential surface of the tubular projection (52) to be in contact with each other, the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) has a second space (5) which serves as a ventilation path, connecting the gas-permeable membrane (3) and an outer part of the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) in an interior of the outer element (4) and / or an intermediate space between the inner element (2) and the outer element (4), which are joined to each other, a ratio S2 min / S1 between a surface S1 of a cross-section of the first space (59), recorded along a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the tubular projection (52), and a smallest total area S2 min, which is determined by comparing values ​​of different total areas, which are determined at different distances from the gas-permeable membrane (3), is 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less, wherein the total areas are determined for a cross-section of the second space (5), recorded along a plane perpendicular to a ventilation direction in the ventilation path, wherein the cross-section is located at a certain distance from the gas-permeable membrane (3), and a ratio S2 out / S1 between the surface S1 of a cross-section of the first space (59), recorded along a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the tubular projection (52), and a total surface S2 outa plane consisting of a cross-section of the second space (5), taken at a position where the second space (5) is narrowest, when viewing the second space (5) from the side of the second end section (11B) along a central axis (O) of the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E), is greater than 1.0 and 4.0 or less, a distance H is a greater height, which is determined from a height H1 of the inner element (2) and a height H2 of the tubular projection (52), and a sum of the distance H and an insertion depth of the outer element (4) of 17 mm or less.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates to a ventilation housing with an attached ventilation arrangement. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0002] Ventilation devices, designed to ensure airflow between the interior and exterior of an enclosure and to reduce pressure variations within the enclosure, are sometimes attached to the housings of electrical components in vehicles, such as lamps, inverters, converters, electronic control units (ECUs), battery packs, radars, cameras, and various electrical devices for household, medical, and office use. In addition to ventilation properties, these devices must possess various other characteristics, such as dust resistance to prevent dust from entering the enclosure, water resistance to prevent water from entering the enclosure, oil resistance to prevent oil from entering the enclosure, and CCT resistance to prevent salt from entering the enclosure, depending on the specific electrical components to which they are attached.JP 2003-336874A discloses a ventilation arrangement that can fulfill the ventilation requirements and the various other necessary properties. Fig. Figure 28 shows the ventilation arrangement disclosed in JP 2003 - 336 874 A.

[0003] A ventilation arrangement 101, which is in Fig. Figure 28 shows a device comprising an inner element 102, which is a tubular body with openings at both end sections 108 and 109, a gas-permeable membrane 103 covering the opening at one end section 108 of the inner element 102, and an outer element 104, which is a tubular body with a bottom. The inner element 102 has a projecting section 117 extending from an outer circumferential surface 116 of the inner element 102. By bringing a front end face 118 of the projecting section 117 into contact with an inner circumferential surface 119 of the outer element 104, the outer element 104 is attached to the inner element 102, with the inner element 102 being inserted into the interior of the outer element 104 from the side of the end section 108.The outer element 104 comprises a projecting section 106 that extends from an inner surface 105 of a base section in the direction along the central axis of the ventilation arrangement 101. The projecting section 106 abuts the gas-permeable membrane 103, which is located at the end section 108 of the inner element 102. Because the projecting section 106 abuts the gas-permeable membrane 103, the outer element 104 and the gas-permeable membrane 103 are kept spaced apart from each other. Between the inner surface 105 of the bottom section of the outer element 104 and the gas-permeable membrane 103 and between the outer circumferential surface of the inner element 102 and the inner circumferential surface of the outer element 104, the ventilation arrangement 101 has a space 107 which serves as a ventilation path 115, connecting the outside of the ventilation arrangement 101 and the gas-permeable membrane 103.

[0004] The ventilation arrangement 101 is attached to a tubular projection 112, which extends such that it projects from the outer surface of a housing 111 and has an internal chamber 110 that communicates with the interior and exterior of the housing 111. Specifically, the projection 112 is inserted into the inner element 102 through the opening at the other end section 109 of the inner element 102 in order to attach the ventilation arrangement 101 to the projection 112. This allows ventilation between the interior and exterior of the housing 111 through the projection 112 and the ventilation arrangement 101, which is attached to the housing 111.

[0005] EP 1 939 523 B1 describes a ventilation element comprising a tubular part, a gas-permeable filter, and a cover part. In a fixed state, where the tubular part is fitted into the cover part, gaps are formed between a bottom section of the cover part and the gas-permeable filter, and between a side wall section of the cover part and a body section of the tubular part, which serve as gas passages. The opening area of ​​a filter end opening with respect to a direction lying in the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the gas-permeable filter is larger than the opening area of ​​a connecting end opening with respect to the same direction lying in the plane. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a ventilation housing comprising a housing and a ventilation arrangement, wherein the ventilation housing has excellent performance with regard to moisture permeation between the interior and exterior of the housing. Solution to the problem

[0007] The problem of the present invention is solved by a ventilation housing with the features of independent claim 1. Further embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. Advantageous effects of the invention

[0008] According to an investigation by the inventors, the ventilation housing, in which the above conditions S2 are met, possesses min / S1 and S2 out / S1 can be controlled as described above, providing excellent moisture permeation performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1A is a cross-sectional view which schematically represents a ventilation arrangement of a first embodiment. Fig. Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 2 is a perspective exploded view which schematically depicts the ventilation arrangement of the first embodiment. Fig. Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view which schematically represents a ventilation arrangement of a second embodiment. Fig. Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 4 is a perspective exploded view which schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the second embodiment. Fig. Figure 5A is a cross-sectional view which schematically represents a ventilation arrangement of a third embodiment. Fig. Figure 5B is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 6 is a perspective exploded view which schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the third embodiment. Fig. Figure 7A is a cross-sectional view which schematically represents a ventilation arrangement of a fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 7B is a cross-sectional view which schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 8 is a perspective exploded view which schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view which schematically represents a ventilation arrangement of a fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view that schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 10 is a perspective exploded view which schematically illustrates the ventilation arrangement of the fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 11A is a perspective view of a ventilation arrangement produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. 11B is a perspective view showing an exterior element that is part of the ventilation arrangement. Fig. 11A is included, schematically represented. Fig. Figure 12 shows an image used to represent areas S2 min to measure the ventilation arrangements that were produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. 13 shows images used to define an area S2 out to measure a ventilation arrangement that was manufactured in EXAMPLES. Fig. Figure 14 shows images after binarization, which are used to define areas S2 out to measure the ventilation arrangements that were produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. Figure 15A is a top view schematically representing a housing cover used to evaluate the moisture permeation performance (moisture permeation rate) of a ventilation housing. Fig. Figure 15B is a schematic view showing a cross-section of the housing cover. Fig. 15A. Fig. Figure 16A is a perspective view of a ventilation arrangement produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. 16B is a perspective view showing an exterior element that is part of the ventilation arrangement. Fig. 16A is included, schematically represented. Fig. Figure 17A is a perspective view of a ventilation arrangement produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. 17B is a perspective view showing an exterior element that is part of the ventilation arrangement. Fig. 17A is included, schematically represented. Fig. Figure 18A is a perspective view of a ventilation arrangement produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. 18B is a perspective view showing an exterior element that is part of the ventilation arrangement. Fig. 18A is included, schematically represented. Fig. Figure 19A is a perspective view of a ventilation arrangement produced in EXAMPLES. Fig. 19B is a perspective view showing an exterior element that is part of the ventilation arrangement. Fig. 19A is included, schematically represented. Fig. 20 is a graph where a relationship between ratios S2 out / S1 and moisture permeation rates for examples 1 to 3 and comparison examples 1 and 2 are plotted. Fig. Figure 21 is a graph showing a relationship between moisture permeation rates and ventilation distances for examples 4 to 12. Fig. Figure 22 is a schematic view illustrating a pull-out test for an internal element. Fig. Figure 23 is a graph showing an SS curve obtained in a pull-out test for an inner element. Fig. Figure 24 is a graph showing a relationship between ratios H1 / H2 and pull-out forces for reference examples where, in a pull-out test for the inner elements, inner elements were pulled apart without being defective. Fig. Figure 25 is a graph showing SS curves obtained in a pull-out test for outer elements. Fig. Figure 26 is a graph showing a relationship between insertion depths of external elements and pull-out forces for reference examples. Fig. Figure 27 is a graph showing a relationship between insertion depths of external elements and moisture permeation rates for examples 5 to 7. Fig. Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view which schematically represents an example of a conventional ventilation arrangement. DESCRIPTION OF EXECUTION FORMS

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments. (First embodiment)

[0010] The Fig. 1A and Fig. Figure 1B shows a ventilation arrangement 1A of a first embodiment. Fig. Figure 1B shows a cross-section BB of the ventilation arrangement 1A, which is located in Fig. 1A is shown. Fig. Figure 1A shows a cross-section AOA of the ventilation arrangement 1A, which is located in Fig. 1B is shown. “O” in Fig. 1B indicates the central axis of the ventilation arrangement 1A. Fig. 1A and Fig. Figure 1B shows a condition in which the ventilation arrangement 1A is attached to a projection 52 of a housing 51, in other words the environment of the projection 52 of the housing 51 in a ventilation housing which has the ventilation arrangement 1A attached to the projection 52. Fig. Figure 2 shows a perspective exploded view of the ventilation arrangement 1A, which is located in the Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B is shown. As in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the ventilation arrangement 1A is attached to the tubular projection 52, which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 and has a first space 59 inside, which connects the inside and the outside of the housing 51.

[0011] The ventilation arrangement 1A comprises an inner element 2, a gas-permeable membrane 3, and an outer element 4. The inner element 2 is a tubular body with an opening 12A at one end section 11A and an opening 12B at another end section 11B, which is opposite the end section 11A. The inner element 2 has an open tubular structure in which both end sections have openings. The gas-permeable membrane 3 is arranged at one end section 11A of the inner element 2 such that it covers the opening 12A at the end section 11A. The outer element 4 is a tubular body with a base. The outer element 4 has a closed tubular structure in which one end section 42 has an opening and the other end section has a closed opening, which is closed by a base section 32.The outer element 4 is attached to the inner element 2, with the inner element 2 being inserted into the interior of the outer element 4 from the side of the end section 11A, where the gas-permeable membrane 3 is located. Here, the interior of the outer element 4 refers to a space enclosed by the opening of the outer element 4 and an inner circumferential surface 31. The outer element 4 covers the gas-permeable membrane 3, thus acting as a cover that protects the gas-permeable membrane 3 from foreign matter such as dust and water entering from the outside.

[0012] The ventilation arrangement 1A has a second chamber 5, which serves as a ventilation path connecting the gas-permeable membrane 3 and the exterior of the ventilation arrangement 1A. The ventilation arrangement 1A has a chamber 5a, which is part of the second chamber 5, located between an outer circumferential surface 40 of the outer element 4, which is attached to the inner element 2, and an inner circumferential surface 13 of the inner element 2. The ventilation arrangement 1A also has the chamber 5a between the inner element 2 and the outer element 4, which are attached to one another, more precisely between the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 and an outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2. In the ventilation arrangement 1A, an inner surface 33 of the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4 and the gas-permeable membrane 3 are spaced apart from each other.The ventilation arrangement 1A has a chamber 5b, which is part of the second chamber 5, located between the inner element 33 and the gas-permeable membrane 3, which are spaced apart from each other. The term "ventilation path" refers to a route that allows gas to move between the gas-permeable membrane and the exterior of the ventilation arrangement. For example, the term "ventilation path" refers to a gas flow route that allows air, which has passed through the gas-permeable membrane 3 and reached chamber 5b, to continue through chamber 5b, then through chamber 5a, and finally reach the exterior of the ventilation arrangement 1A. Therefore, a chamber such as chamber 5a can be a "ventilation path" not only if it is located between the inner element 2 and the outer element 4, which are joined together, but also if it is located inside either the inner element 2 or the outer element 4.It is noted that the ventilation path for the ventilation arrangement is determined by inserting the inner element 2 as far as possible into the outer element 4.

[0013] The ventilation arrangement 1A is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, the projection 52 being inserted into the inner element 2 through the opening 12B at the other end section 11B of the inner element 2 to cause the inner circumferential surface 13 of the inner element 2 and an outer circumferential surface 58 of the projection 52 to abut each other. The projection 52 is inserted into a through-hole 14 of the inner element 2 to secure the ventilation arrangement 1A. The through-hole 14 is a space connecting the end sections 11A and 11B and is surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 13 of the inner element 2. In a ventilation housing with the ventilation arrangement 1A attached to the projection 52, ventilation between the inside and outside of the housing 51 can be ensured through the first space 59 inside the projection 52, the through-hole 14 of the inner element 2, the gas-permeable membrane 3 and the second space 5.

[0014] The thickness T1 of the inner element 2 can be 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, where thickness T1 is the distance between the inner circumferential surface 13 and the outer circumferential surface 19. The lower limit of thickness T1 can be 1.1 mm or more, 1.2 mm or more, or even 1.3 mm or more. The upper limit of thickness T1 can be 2.9 mm or less, 2.8 mm or less, or even 2.7 mm or less. An inner element 2 with a thickness T1 within these ranges ensures sufficient strength of the inner element 2 while allowing a reduction in the height of the ventilation arrangement 1A. For example, breakage, tearing, and the like of the inner element 2 can be prevented at the time the outer element 4 is attached to the inner element 2. It is noted that the thickness T1 is intended for the inner element 2 into which the projection 52 has not been inserted.The inner element 2 of the first embodiment has a thin section 15 with a reduced thickness T1, extending from the end section 11B, from which the projection 52 is inserted at the time of attachment of the ventilation arrangement 1A, to a predetermined height in the direction along the central axis O. Furthermore, the inner element 2 has a step 16 at the boundary between the thin section 15 and the remainder of the inner element 2. The step 16 is located further from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 than the end section 42 of the outer element 4 on the opening side (the step 16 is located on the upper side of the ventilation arrangement 1A with respect to the end section 42). However, the position of the step 16 is not limited to this example.The step 16 can be located at a position where the distance from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 is the same as the distance from the outer surface 53 to the end section 42 of the outer element 4 on the opening side (see a fifth embodiment). If the inner element 2 has the thin section 15, it is easier to insert the projection 52 of the housing 51 into the ventilation arrangement 1A. This effect is particularly advantageous if the inner element 2 has a small inner diameter, for example, due to a reduction in height; in other words, if it is difficult for the end section 11B of the inner element 2 to expand at the time the projection 52 is inserted.The inner element 2 lacks the thin projection 15 on the side of the end section 11A where the gas-permeable membrane 3 is located, and this can prevent an inclination of the outer element 4 and the inner element 2 relative to each other at the time the elements 2 and 4 are joined, as well as an inclination of the inner element 2 at the time the projection 52 of the housing 51 is inserted. This effect is particularly advantageous if the inner element 2 has a small thickness T1. In the [references to be added]... Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. In the two examples shown, the circumferential surface of the thin section 15 and the outer circumferential surface 19 at the step 16 are connected by a plane perpendicular to the central axis O. The plane connecting the circumferential surface of the thin section 15 and the outer circumferential surface 19 at the step 16 can be inclined in the direction perpendicular to the central axis O.

[0015] The height H1 of the inner element 2 can be 6.0 mm or more and 10 mm or less, where the height H1 is the distance between the end sections 11A and 11B of the inner element 2 in the direction along the central axis O. The upper limit of the height H1 can be 9.5 mm or less, 9.0 mm or less, or even 8.5 mm or less. The lower limit of the height H1 can be 6.0 mm or more, 6.5 mm or more, 7.0 mm or more, or even 7.5 mm or more. The central axis O of the ventilation arrangement 1A is, in particular, the central axis of the inner element 2. The central axis of the projection 52 normally coincides with the central axis of the ventilation arrangement 1A.

[0016] The inner element 2 and the projection 52 of the first embodiment each have the shape of a cylinder. Because the material of the inner element 2 is normally an elastic body, the inner circumferential surface 13 of the inner element 2 typically has a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter of the outer circumferential surface 58 of the projection 52. It is noted that the modulus of elasticity of the elastic body forming the inner element 2 and / or the diameter of the inner circumferential surface 13 of the inner element 2 can be controlled, for example, to facilitate the insertion of the projection 52 into the inner element 2, to improve sealing properties between the housing 51 and the ventilation arrangement 1A, and the like. The shape of the inner element 2, which is a tubular body, and the shape of the tubular projection 52 are not limited to a cylinder.

[0017] The inner diameter of the cylindrical inner element 2 is, for example, 6.0 to 8.0 mm. Half the value obtained by subtracting the inner diameter of the cylindrical inner element 2 from its outer diameter corresponds to the thickness T1.

[0018] The outer element 4 has the shape of a cylinder with a base. When the outer element 4 is viewed along its central axis O, a section of a circumferential wall 37 of the outer element 4 projects towards the interior of the outer element 4, specifically along the central axis O. Because the circumferential wall 37 projects in the manner described above, the outer element 4 has a plurality of grooves 41 (41A, 41B, 41C, and 41D) on its outer circumferential surface 40, extending along the central axis O. In the example shown in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the grooves 41, when viewed along the central axis O, are provided at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the outer element 4, and the grooves 41 extend from the end section 42 of the outer element 4 on the opening side to the bottom section 32. In the outer element 4, the thickness of the circumferential wall 37 at each of the sections of the groove 41 and that of each of the sections that are not the sections of the groove 41 are essentially uniform. However, the positions on the outer circumferential surface 40 where the grooves 41 are provided, the distances between the adjacent grooves 41, the directions in which the grooves 41 extend, and the zones in which the grooves 41 extend that are present between the end section 42 and the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4 are not limited to those in the example above.The thickness of the circumferential wall 37 at each of the sections of the groove 41 and that at each of the sections which are not the sections of the groove 41 may be different.

[0019] At the sections of the groove 41, the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 coincides with the circumferential surface of an imaginary column A with its central axis O as its central axis. The inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined together by bringing the outer circumferential surface 19 and the inner circumferential surface 31 at the sections of the groove 41 into contact with each other. Because the material of the inner element 2 is normally an elastic body, the imaginary column A normally has a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter of the outer circumferential surface 19. The gap 6A between the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 at the sections that are not the sections of the groove 41 and the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 each form part of space 5a. In the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. In the example shown in Figure 2, the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 has no projecting section extending from the surface 19. The outer circumferential surface 19 forms the entire circumferential area of ​​the column in the circumferential direction of the surface 19. In the example shown in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. In the example shown in Figure 2, the number of columns 6A is four. In the first embodiment, the number of columns 6A must be one, two, or more, and can be two to eight or three to six. Considering the ventilation arrangement 1A in the direction perpendicular to the central axis O, the length D8 of a section of the inner element 2 in the direction along the central axis O, which is covered by the outer element 4, can be, for example, 3.5 mm or more and 10.5 mm or less, or it can be 3.5 mm or more and 9.0 mm or less, or it can be 6.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less. The lower limit of the length D8 can be 4.0 mm or more, 4.5 mm or more, or even 5.0 mm or more. The upper limit of the length D8 can be 9.0 mm or less, 8.5 mm or less, or even 8.0 mm or less.If the length D8 lies within these ranges, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 will be more reliably joined, and it is unlikely that the outer element 4 will detach from the inner element 2, for example, when the ventilation assembly 1A is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51. Furthermore, sufficient moisture permeation performance can be ensured. Additionally, the ingress of foreign matter, such as dust or water, from outside the ventilation assembly 1A into the second chamber 5 can be reduced. It should be noted that the length D8 is determined when the inner element 2 is inserted as far as possible into the outer element 4.

[0020] In the case of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4, which are joined by being brought into contact with one another, a length (inner-outer contact length) D4 in the direction along the central axis O is, for example, 4.0 to 8.0 mm. This length D4 is the length of a section where the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are in contact with one another, in particular the length D4 of a section where the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 and the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 are in contact with one another at the section of the groove 41. When the length D4 lies in these areas, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined more reliably, and it is unlikely that the outer element 4 will detach from the inner element 2, for example, at the time of attaching the ventilation arrangement 1A to the projection 52 of the housing 51. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. In the example shown, a section of the inner element 2, which abuts the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4, extends in the direction along the central axis O from the end section 11A, where the gas-permeable membrane 3 is located, to the step 16, in other words to the lower end of the section, which is not the thin section 15. The section of the inner element 2, which abuts the inner circumferential surface 31, spans the entire outer circumferential surface 19 in the circumferential direction.

[0021] A distance D6 in the direction along the central axis O and between the end section (lower end) 42 on the opening side of the outer element 4 and the end section 11B of the inner element 2 is, for example, 0 to 3.0 mm, and can be 0.2 to 2.0 mm or even 0.4 to 1.0 mm. When the distance D6 lies within these ranges, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined even more tightly. It should be noted that the distance D6 is determined when the inner element 2 is inserted as far as possible into the outer element 4.

[0022] The outer element 4 comprises two or more second projecting sections 34 that extend from the inner surface 33 of the bottom section 32 in the direction along the central axis O. Each of the second projecting sections 34 also extends from the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 in the direction of the central axis O, as viewed along the central axis O. In a state where the outer element 4 and the inner element 2 are joined together, the inner surface 33 of the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4 and the gas-permeable membrane 3 are kept spaced apart by the second projecting section 34 and the end section 11A of the inner element 2 being brought into contact with each other.The second projecting sections 34 can be provided such that, in a state in which the outer element 4 and the inner element 2 are joined together, the second projecting sections 34 abut the gas-permeable membrane 3 or abut both the inner element 2 and the gas-permeable membrane 3.

[0023] For example, the height H3 of the ventilation arrangement 1A is 6.0 mm or more and 12 mm or less, where the height H3 is the distance between an imaginary plane perpendicular to the central axis O and passing through the lowest point in the ventilation arrangement 1A, and an imaginary plane perpendicular to the central axis O and passing through the highest point in the ventilation arrangement 1A. The upper limit of the height H3 can be 11 mm or less, 10.5 mm or less, or even 10 mm or less. The lower limit of the height H3 can be 6.5 mm or more, 7.0 mm or more, or even 7.5 mm or more. It is noted that the height H3 is determined when the inner element 2 is inserted as far as possible into the outer element 4. In the example shown in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the lowest point is located at the end section 11B of the inner element 2, and the highest point is located on an outer surface 35 of the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4.

[0024] A surface S1 of a cross-section of the first space 59, recorded along a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the projection 52, can be 5 mm 2 or more and 60 mm 2 or less. The lower limit of area S1 can be 10 mm. 2 or more, 12 mm 2 or more, 14 mm 2 or more, or even 16 mm 2 or more. The upper limit of area S1 can be 50 mm. 2 or less, 40 mm 2 or less, 30 mm 2 or less, or even 20 mm 2 or less. The central axis of the projection 52 normally coincides with the central axis O of the ventilation arrangement 1A.

[0025] In a state where the ventilation arrangement 1A is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, the ratio S2 is min / S1 of an area S2 min The ratio of a cross-section(s) of the second space 5 to the area S1 of the cross-section of the first space 59 is 1.0 or more. The lower limit of the ratio S2 min S1 can be 1.1 or more, 1.2 or more, 1.3 or more, or even 1.4 or more. The upper limit of the ratio S2 min S1 is 3.0 or less and can be 2.5 or less, or even 2.0 or less. The area S1 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the first space 59, measured along a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the projection 52. The area S2 minThe smallest total area, determined by comparing values ​​of different total areas measured at varying distances from the gas-permeable membrane, is 1.0 or greater. These total areas are determined for cross-section(s) of the second chamber 5, measured along a plane perpendicular to a ventilation direction in the ventilation path, with the cross-section(s) located at a specified distance from the gas-permeable membrane. The term "ventilation path" refers to a route by which gas can move between the gas-permeable membrane and the exterior of the ventilation arrangement. The term "ventilation direction" refers to the direction in which gas should flow at a given position in the second chamber considered as the ventilation path. Therefore, the ventilation direction varies depending on the position within the second chamber.The expression “total area determined for cross-sections located at a certain distance from the gas-permeable membrane” is based on the view that the sum of the areas of the cross-sections of the second space 5, recorded at a group of positions where the distance (in the case of a point-symmetric gas-permeable membrane, the distance from the center of the gas-permeable membrane) from the gas-permeable membrane is the same, is considered a total area. Of the different total areas determined at different distances in this way, the total area of ​​a cross-section (or cross-sections), recorded at a position (or positions) where the total area value is the smallest, is the area S2. min The area S2 min is determined when the inner element 2 is inserted into the outer element 4 as far as possible. In the example shown in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. As shown in 2, the cross-sections whose areas define the area S2 are shown. min each is surrounded by the second projecting section 34, a peripheral end section 46 of a section contained in the groove 41 where the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 abut each other, the inner surface 33 of the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4, and the end section 11A of the inner element 2 (see cross-section 47 in Fig. 2). Fig. Figure 2 shows a portion of the cross-sections whose areas define the area S2 min form (only the cross-section 47, which is located between a second projecting section 34 and an end section 46). Because the cross-sections whose areas form the area S2 min The area formed between four second projecting sections 34 and eight end sections 46 corresponds to eight times the area of ​​the cross-section 47 of the area S2. min The area S2 mincan be evaluated, for example, using a procedure described in EXAMPLES.

[0026] In a state where the ventilation arrangement 1A is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, the ratio S2 is out / S1 of an area S2 out The ratio of a cross-section(s) of the second space 5 to the area S1 of the cross-section of the first space 59 is greater than 1.0. The lower limit of the ratio S2 out S1 can be 1.2 or more, 1.3 or more, 1.5 or more, 1.8 or more, 2.0 or more, or even 2.2 or more. The upper limit of the ratio S2 out S1 is 4.0 or less and can be 3.0 or less. Area S2 outis a total area of ​​a plane consisting of a cross-section(s) of the second space 5, recorded at a position(s) where the second space 5 is narrowest within the observable area, when viewing the second space 5 from the side of the other end section 11B along the central axis of the ventilation arrangement 1A. The area S2 out is determined when the inner element 2 is inserted into the outer element 4 as far as possible. In the example shown in the Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B and Fig. As shown in 2, the cross-sections whose areas define the area S2 are shown. out forming, each surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 and the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 (see also a cross-section 48 in Fig. 1B). Fig. 1B shows a part of the cross-sections whose areas define the area S2 outform (only the cross-section 48, which is located between a pair of adjacent grooves 41C and 41D). Because the cross-sections whose surfaces define the area S2 out The area formed between the four grooves 41 corresponds to four times the area of ​​the cross-section 48 of the area S2. out The area S2 out can be evaluated, for example, using a procedure described in EXAMPLES.

[0027] Resins such as polyamide, polycarbonate, and polybutylene terephthalate, which have a relatively high hygroscopicity, are sometimes used in housings for electrical components and electronic devices. A housing containing such a resin absorbs water vapor from the surrounding environment. The absorbed water vapor is released by heat from a heat source inside the housing or by heat from the outside, and some of the released water vapor remains inside the housing. It is desirable that the water vapor remaining inside the housing be immediately vented outside the housing through the projection 52 and the ventilation arrangement 1A to prevent condensation inside the housing. The ventilation arrangement and / or the ventilation housing, with its excellent moisture permeation performance, can, for example, reduce condensation inside the housing and promote its removal.

[0028] The height H2 of the projection 52, which is the distance in the direction along the central axis O from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 to the front end 54 of the projection 52, is, for example, 5.0 to 12 mm and can be 4.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less.

[0029] The ratio H1 / H2 of the height H1 of the inner element 2 to the height H2 of the projection 52 can be 1.00 or more and 1.70 or less. The lower limit of the ratio H1 / H2 can be greater than 1.00, 1.02 or more, 1.04 or more, 1.06 or more, 1.08 or more, or even 1.10 or more. The upper limit of the ratio H1 / H2 can be 1.60 or less, 1.50 or less, 1.40 or less, 1.30 or less, 1.25 or less, 1.22 or less, 1.20 or less, 1.18 or less, 1.16 or less, or even 1.14 or less. The ventilation assembly and the ventilation housing with a ratio H1 / H2 within the above range can effectively reduce the drop of the ventilation assembly from the projection of the housing. When the ventilation arrangement 1A is used, the projection 52 is inserted into the ventilation arrangement 1A through the opening 12B at the other end section 11B of the inner element 2.The ratio H1 / H2 is determined for the ventilation arrangement 1A, which is obtained when the projection 52 is inserted as far as possible into the inner element 2.

[0030] In a state where the inner element 2 is attached to the projection 52, a length D5 corresponding to the height of a section of the inner element 2, for example 4.0 to 8.0 mm, where the section covers the projection 52, is likely to fall off the projection 52 of the housing 51 when the length D5 is within these ranges.

[0031] In the case where the inner element 2 is attached to the projection 52, the distance D9 between the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 and the end section 42 of the outer element 4 on the opening side is, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. In the case where the distance D9 lies within this range, an appropriate amount of gas permeation can be ensured while preventing the ventilation assembly 1A from falling off the projection 52 of the housing 51. It should be noted that the distance D9 is determined when the inner element 2 is inserted as far as possible into the outer element 4.

[0032] The gas-permeable membrane 3 is a membrane that allows gas (usually air) to pass through it in its thickness direction and prevents foreign matter from passing through it. Therefore, the ventilation arrangement 1A ensures ventilation between the inside and outside of the housing 51 and can prevent the ingress of foreign matter such as dust, water, oil, and salt into the interior of the housing 51. In the first embodiment, the shape of the gas-permeable membrane 3 is a circle. However, the shape of the gas-permeable membrane 3 is not limited to a circle and can be chosen according to the shape of a section contained in the inner element 2 where the gas-permeable membrane 3 is located. The shape of the gas-permeable membrane 3 can, for example, be a polygon.

[0033] In the first embodiment, the gas-permeable membrane 3 is arranged at the end face of the end section 11A of the inner element 2. However, in the ventilation arrangement and the ventilation housing of the present invention, the position where the gas-permeable membrane 3 is arranged is not limited to the end face of the end section 11A, provided that the gas-permeable membrane 3 covers the opening 12A at the end section 11A.

[0034] A woven fabric, nonwoven, mesh, or net formed from a resin or metal, or a porous resin membrane, can be used as the gas-permeable membrane 3. However, the gas-permeable membrane 3 is not limited as long as it allows gas to pass through it and prevents foreign matter, such as liquid, from passing through it. In the first embodiment, the gas-permeable membrane 3 used is a laminate of a porous resin membrane and a gas-permeable reinforcing layer. The reinforcing layer can improve the strength of the gas-permeable membrane 3. The porous resin membrane is, for example, a porous body formed from a fluoropolymer or polyolefin, which can be produced by a commonly known stretching or extraction technique.Examples of the fluorinated resin include PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), polychlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexyfluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer. Examples of the monomer forming the polyolefin include ethylene, propylene, 4-methylpentene-1,1-butene, and a polyolefin that is a homopolymer or copolymer of any of these monomers can be used as the gas-permeable membrane 3. A porous nanofiber comprising polyacrylonitrile, nylon, or polylactides can be used as the gas-permeable membrane 3. A porous PTFE body capable of ensuring gas permeability with a small area and possessing a high ability to prevent the ingress of foreign matter into the interior of the housing 51 is particularly preferred as the gas-permeable membrane 3.The average pore diameter of the porous PTFE body is preferably 0.01 µm or more and 10 µm or less. The reinforcing layer is formed, for example, from a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, mesh, net, sponge, foam, or a porous body made of resin or metal. The porous resin membrane and the reinforcing layer can be laminated by a process such as adhesive lamination, hot lamination, heat welding, ultrasonic welding, or bonding with an adhesive.

[0035] The gas-permeable membrane 3 may have undergone a liquid-repellent treatment. This treatment can be carried out by applying a liquid-repellent agent containing a substance with low surface tension to the membrane and drying the resulting coating film. For example, the liquid-repellent agent contains a polymer with a perfluoroalkyl group. The liquid-repellent agent can be applied by a process such as air spraying, electrostatic spraying, dip coating, spin coating, roll coating, curtain flux coating, or impregnation.

[0036] The thickness of the gas-permeable membrane 3 can be adjusted, for example, in the range of 1 µm or more and 5 mm or less, taking into account the strength and ease of attachment to the inner element 2. The gas permeation rate of the gas-permeable membrane 3 is, for example, 0.1 to 300 sec / 100 ml, as expressed by the air permeability rate (Gurley permeability), which is measured according to Method B (Gurley Method) of air permeability measurement, as specified in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) L 1096.

[0037] The gas-permeable membrane 3 can be attached to the inner element 2. The gas-permeable membrane 3 can be attached to the inner element 2, for example, by one of various welding processes such as heat welding, ultrasonic welding, and laser welding. The gas-permeable membrane 3 can be attached to the inner element 2 using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The gas-permeable membrane 3 can be arranged at the end section 11A of the inner element 2 by insert-molding the gas-permeable membrane 3 in conjunction with the inner element 2.

[0038] The material of the inner element 2 is typically an elastic body. The material of the outer element 4 is typically a resin. These elements can be formed by a commonly known molding process such as injection molding, compression molding, or powder molding. The inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are preferably manufactured by injection molding because this improves the efficiency of mass production of the ventilation assembly 1A. Examples of the elastic body that form the inner element 2 include an elastomer (elastic resin). The elastomer can be a rubber. Examples of elastomers include nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), silicone rubber, fluororubber, acrylic rubber, hydrogenated rubber, and various thermoplastic elastomers. Examples of the resin that can form the outer element 4 include thermoplastic resins and the elastomers mentioned above.Examples of thermoplastic resin include polyamide (PA) such as nylon, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene sulfide (PPS), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene ether (PPE). The inner element 2 and the outer element 4 can be made of the same material.

[0039] The elastic body forming the inner element 2 and / or the resin forming the outer element 4 may include an additive, for example, a pigment such as carbon black or titanium white, a reinforcing filler such as glass particles or glass fibers, or a water-repellent agent. A surface of the inner element 2 and / or that of the outer element 4 may have been subjected, at least partially, to a water-repellent treatment. This water-repellent treatment may be carried out, for example, by forming a coating using one of the methods described above, such as the water-repellent treatment method for the gas-permeable membrane 3, electrocoating, or plasma polymerization.

[0040] The inner element 2 and / or the outer element 4 can have a locking mechanism that detachably connects the inner element 2 and the outer element 4. The locking mechanism is formed, for example, from a claw section, a screw section, or a fitting section.

[0041] The housing 51, for example, is formed from a resin, a metal, or a composite material consisting of these. The same applies to the projection 52. The resin forming the projection 52 is not normally an elastic material. Examples of resins forming the projection 52 include thermoplastic resins (excluding elastic materials) and thermosets. Examples of thermoplastic resins include the various thermoplastic resins that can form the outer element 4 and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer resin). The structure of the housing 51 is not limited as long as the projection 52 is included. (Second embodiment)

[0042] The Fig. 3A and Fig. Figure 3B shows a ventilation arrangement 1B of a second embodiment. Fig. Figure 3B shows a cross-section BB of the ventilation arrangement 1B, which is located in Fig. 3A is shown. Fig. Figure 3A shows a cross-section AOA of the ventilation arrangement 1B, which is located in Fig. 3B is shown. Fig. 3A and Fig. Figure 3B shows a condition in which the ventilation arrangement 1B is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, in other words the area around the projection 52 of the housing 51 in a ventilation housing which has the ventilation arrangement 1B attached to the projection 52. Fig. Figure 4 shows a perspective exploded view of the ventilation arrangement 1B, which is located in the Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B is shown. As in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B, and Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the ventilation arrangement 1B is attached to the tubular projection 52, which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 and has a first space 59 inside, which connects the inside and the outside of the housing 51.

[0043] The ventilation arrangement 1B of the second embodiment is the same as the ventilation arrangement 1A of the first embodiment, except that the shape of the outer element 4 is different. The description that corresponds to the first embodiment is omitted here.

[0044] The outer element 4 of the ventilation arrangement 1B has the shape of a cylinder with a base. The outer element 4 of the ventilation arrangement 1B has two or more third projecting sections 43 that project from the inner circumferential surface 31 towards the interior of the outer element 4 when viewed along the central axis O. In particular, the third projecting sections 43 project from the inner circumferential surface 31 in the direction of the central axis O. The third projecting sections 43 extend from the end section 42 of the outer element 4 on the opening side to the base section 32. The direction in which the third projecting sections 43 extend is along the central axis O. The third projecting sections 43 connect the second projecting sections 34 on the base section 32.However, the direction in which the third projecting sections 43 run, and a zone in which the third projecting sections 43 run and which is between the end section 42 and the bottom section 32, are not limited to those in the example above.

[0045] The third projecting sections 43 and the second projecting sections 34 need not be connected to each other, and the outer element 4 may have the second projecting sections 34 and the third projecting sections 43 independently of each other.

[0046] In the second embodiment, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined together by bringing the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 and the front end surfaces 44 of the third projecting sections 43 of the outer element 4 into contact with each other. In the example shown in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the front end faces 44 of the third projecting sections 43 coincide with the circumferential surface of an imaginary column C with its central axis O as its central axis. Because the material of the inner element 2 is normally the elastic body, the imaginary column C normally has a diameter equal to or less than the diameter of the outer circumferential surface 19. However, the front end faces 44 of the third projecting sections 43 need not coincide with the circumferential surface of the imaginary column C, provided that the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 can be joined by bringing the outer circumferential surface 19 and the front end faces 44 into contact. The gap 6B between the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 and the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 is each part of space 5a. In the example shown in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. As shown in Figure 4, column 6B is surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 31, the outer circumferential surface 19 and the third projecting sections 43.

[0047] The outer element 4, which is in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. Figure 4 shows twelve third projecting sections 43. The number of third projecting sections 43 in the second embodiment is, for example, six to sixteen.

[0048] In the example that is in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. As shown in section 4, the cross-sections whose areas correspond to area S2 are shown. min form, each surrounded by the front ends 49 of the adjacent second projecting sections 34 and on the side of the central axis O, the inner side 33 of the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4 and the end section 11A of the inner element 2 (see also the cross-section 47 in Fig. 4). Fig. Figure 4 shows a part (only the cross-section 47, which is located between a pair of the adjacent second projecting sections 34) of the cross-sections whose surfaces form the area S2 min form. Because the cross-sections, whose areas define the area S2 min The area formed between twelve second projecting sections 34 corresponds to twelve times the area of ​​the cross-section 47 of the area S2. min .

[0049] In the example that is in the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. As shown in section 4, the cross-sections whose areas correspond to area S2 are shown. out forming, each surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4, the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 and the third projecting sections 43 (see also the cross-section 48 in Fig. 3B). Fig. 3B shows a part (only the cross-section 48, which is located between a pair of the adjacent third projecting sections 43) of the cross-sections whose areas form the area S2 out form. Because the cross-sections, whose areas define the area S2 out The area formed between the twelve second projecting sections 34 corresponds to twelve times the area of ​​the cross-section 48 of the area S2. out . (Third embodiment)

[0050] The Fig. 5A and Fig. Figure 5B shows a ventilation arrangement 1C of a third embodiment. Fig. Figure 5B shows a cross-section BB of the ventilation arrangement 1C, which is located in Fig. 5A is shown. Fig. Figure 5A shows a cross-section AOA of the ventilation arrangement 1C, which is located in Fig. 5B is shown. Fig. 5A and Fig. Figure 5B shows a condition in which the ventilation arrangement 1C is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, in other words the environment of the projection 52 of the housing 51 in a ventilation housing which has the ventilation arrangement 1C attached to the projection 52. Fig. Figure 6 shows a perspective exploded view of the ventilation arrangement 1C, which is located in the Fig. 5A and Fig. 5B is shown. As in the Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, and Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the ventilation arrangement 1C is attached to the tubular projection 52, which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 and has a first space 59 inside, which connects the inside and the outside of the housing 51.

[0051] The ventilation arrangement 1C of the third embodiment is the same as the ventilation arrangement 1B of the second embodiment, except that the shape of the inner element 2 is different. The description that corresponds to the second embodiment is omitted here.

[0052] In a state where the outer element 4 is not attached, the thickness T1 of the inner element 2 of the ventilation arrangement 1C increases from the upper end section (end section 11A) of the inner element 2 towards its lower end section (end section 11B), more precisely from end section 11A to the step 16 adjacent to the thin section 15. Therefore, the inner element 2 has a slope that is distributed downwards like the outer circumferential surface 19 (see also Fig. 6) In the example given in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the thickness T1 increases steadily from the upper end section of the inner element 2 towards its lower end section, specifically from end section 11A to stage 16. The way in which the thickness T1 increases is not limited to the example above, and the thickness T1 can, for example, increase intermittently or decrease partially. In the example shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 forms the circumferential surface of a circular truncated cone, the diameter of which increases from the upper end section towards the lower end section. In a state where the outer element 4 is attached (see also Fig. 5A and Fig. 5B), each of the third projecting sections 43 of the outer element 4 compresses a section of the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2, which is formed from the elastic body, with the section being held against the third projecting section 43 to engage the outer circumferential surface 19. The front end face 44 of the third projecting section 43 sinks deeper into the inner element 2 with respect to the position of the outer circumferential surface 19 in a state where the outer element 4 is not attached.At the section where the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 is held against each of the third projecting sections 43, the degree to which the third projecting section 43 engages the outer circumferential surface 19 increases from the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4 towards the end section 42 and from the upper end section (end section 11A) of the inner element 2 towards its lower end section (end section 11B). A combination of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 with the above shapes can increase the rate of downward compression between the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 at the section where the two elements abut each other, and this makes it possible to attach the outer element 4 to the inner element 2 more reliably.The combination of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 with the above shapes can more reliably prevent the ventilation arrangement 1C from falling off the projection 52 because the direction of the force acting on the inner element 2 when the outer element 4 is attached to it is perpendicular to the plane of the slope, more precisely the direction in which the inner element 2 presses towards the side of the outer surface 53 of the housing 51. In the ventilation arrangement 1C of the third embodiment, the thickness T1 (T1a) of the inner element 2 at the end section 11A can lie within the above range T1. In this case, sufficient strength of the inner element 2 can be ensured, and, for example, tearing etc. of the inner element 2 at the time of attachment of the outer element 4 to the inner element 2 can be reduced. (Fourth embodiment)

[0053] The Fig. 7A and Fig. Figure 7B shows a ventilation arrangement 1D of a fourth embodiment. Fig. Figure 7B shows a cross-section BB of the ventilation arrangement 1D, which is located in Fig. 7A is shown. Fig. 7A and Fig. Figure 7B shows a condition in which the ventilation arrangement 1D is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, in other words the environment of the projection 52 of the housing 51 in a ventilation housing which has the ventilation arrangement 1D attached to the projection 52. Fig. Figure 8 shows a perspective exploded view of the ventilation arrangement 1D, which is located in the Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B is shown. As in the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B, and Fig. As shown in Figure 8, the ventilation arrangement 1D is attached to the tubular projection 52, which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 and has a first space 59 inside, which connects the inside and the outside of the housing 51.

[0054] The ventilation arrangement 1D of the fourth embodiment is the same as the ventilation arrangement 1A of the first embodiment, except that the shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are different. The description that corresponds to the first embodiment is omitted here.

[0055] The inner element 2 of the ventilation arrangement 1D has a rib 18 that extends circumferentially along the outer circumferential surface 19. The inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined together by bringing the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 and the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 into contact. Because the material of the inner element 2 is normally an elastic body, the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 typically has a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter of the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2. In a state where the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined together, the end section of the outer element 4 on the opening side and the rib 18 are in contact.

[0056] A gap 6C is provided in the interior of the perimeter wall 37 of the outer element 4. The gap 6C is part of the space 5a.

[0057] A section of the circumferential wall 37 of the outer element 4, on the side of the central axis O with respect to the gap 6C, is divided into a plurality of beam sections 39 by a plurality of slots 38 extending in the direction along the central axis O. Each of the second projecting sections 34 of the outer element 4 is connected to the upper end section of each of the beam sections 39. By means of such a shape, the weight of the outer element 4 and the ventilation arrangement 1D can be reduced.

[0058] In the example that is in the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B and Fig. As shown in section 8, the cross-sections whose areas correspond to area S2 are shown. minform, each surrounded by the front ends 49 of the adjacent second projecting sections 34 and on the side of the central axis O, the inner side 33 of the bottom section 32 of the outer element 4 and the end section 11A of the inner element 2 (see also the cross-section 47 in Fig. 8). Fig. Figure 8 shows a part (only the cross-section 47, which is located between a pair of the adjacent second projecting sections 34) of the cross-sections whose surfaces form the area S2 min form. Because the cross-sections, whose areas define the area S2 min The area formed between eight second projecting sections 34 corresponds to eight times the area of ​​the cross-section 47 of the area S2. min .

[0059] In the example that is in the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B and Fig. As shown in 8, the cross-section whose area corresponds to the area S2 outforms a cross-section of the gap 6C, recorded along a plane perpendicular to the central axis (see also cross-section 48 in Fig. 7B). (Fifth embodiment)

[0060] The Fig. 9A and Fig. Figure 9B shows a ventilation arrangement 1E of a fifth embodiment. Fig. Figure 9B shows a cross-section BB of the ventilation arrangement 1E, which is located in Fig. 9A is shown. Fig. 9A and Fig. Figure 9B shows a condition in which the ventilation arrangement 1E is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51, in other words the environment of the projection 52 of the housing 51 in a ventilation housing which has the ventilation arrangement 1E attached to the projection 52. Fig. Figure 10 shows a perspective exploded view of the ventilation arrangement 1E, which is located in the Fig. 9A and Fig. 9B is shown. As in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B, and Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the ventilation arrangement 1E is attached to the tubular projection 52, which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface 53 of the housing 51 and has a first space 59 inside, which connects the inside and the outside of the housing 51.

[0061] The ventilation arrangement 1E of the fifth embodiment is the same as the ventilation arrangement 1A of the first embodiment, except that the shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are different. The description that corresponds to the first embodiment is omitted here.

[0062] The inner element 2 of the ventilation arrangement 1E has two or more projecting sections 21 that extend from the outer circumferential surface 19 towards the outer side of the inner element 2, along the central axis O of the ventilation arrangement 1E. The projecting sections 21 are provided at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface 19. Each of the projecting sections 21 extends in the direction along the central axis O from one end section 11A of the inner element 2 to the step 16. However, a zone in which the projecting sections 21 extend in the direction along the central axis O and which lies between one end section 11A and the other end section 11B of the inner element 2 is not limited to the above example. In the example described in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. As shown in Figure 10, each projecting section 21 on the side of the other end section 11B has a section 23 where the extent of the projection from the outer circumferential surface 19 is small.

[0063] In the fifth embodiment, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined together by bringing the circumferential surfaces 22 of the projecting sections 21 of the inner element 2 and the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 into contact with each other. In the example shown in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the circumferential surfaces 22 coincide with the circumferential surface of an imaginary column D with its central axis O as its central axis. Because the material of the inner element 2 is normally the elastic body, the imaginary column D normally has a diameter equal to or greater than the diameter of the inner circumferential surface 31. However, the circumferential surfaces 22 of the projecting sections 21 need not coincide with the circumferential surface of the imaginary column D, provided that the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 can be joined together by bringing the circumferential surfaces 22 and the inner circumferential surface 31 into contact with each other. The gap 6D between the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 and the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 each form part of space 5a. In the example shown in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the columns 6D are each surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 31, the outer circumferential surface 19 and the projecting sections 21.

[0064] The inner element 2, which is in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. Figure 10 shows six projecting sections 21. The number of projecting sections 21 in the fifth embodiment must be one, two, or more, and can range from three to eight. At least one projecting section 21 abuts the outer element 4.

[0065] In the example that is in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. As shown in 10, the cross-sections whose areas correspond to area S2 are shown. min form, each surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4, the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 and the projecting sections 21 (see also the cross-section 47 in Fig. 10). Fig. Figure 10 shows a part (only the cross-section 47, which is located between a pair of the adjacent projecting sections 21) of the cross-sections whose surfaces define the area S2 min form. Because the cross-sections, whose areas define the area S2 min The area formed between the six projecting sections 21 corresponds to six times the area of ​​the cross-section 47 of the area S2. min .

[0066] In the example that is in the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. As shown in 10, the cross-sections whose areas correspond to area S2 are shown. out form, each surrounded by the inner circumferential surface 31 of the outer element 4 at the end section 42 of the outer element 4 on the opening side, the outer circumferential surface 19 of the inner element 2 and the projecting sections 21 (see also the cross-section 48 in Fig. 10). Fig. Figure 10 shows a part (only the cross-section 48, which is located between a pair of the adjacent projecting sections 21) of the cross-sections whose surfaces define the area S2 out form. Because the cross-sections, whose areas define the area S2 out The area formed between six projecting sections 21 corresponds to six times the area of ​​the cross-section 48 of the area S2. out .

[0067] As shown in examples 9A, 9B, and 10, the outer element 4 has claws 45 projecting inwards towards the interior of the outer element 4, specifically towards the central axis O, at their ends on the side of the end section 42 on the opening side. When the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are joined, the claw 45 is secured to the section 23 of the inner element 2 and acts as a locking mechanism that detachably joins the inner element 2 and the outer element 4. The locking mechanism allows the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 to be joined more reliably, particularly by securing the claw 45 to the section 23. For example, it prevents the outer element 4 from falling off the inner element 2 when the ventilation assembly 1E is attached to the projection 52 of the housing 51.

[0068] The distance in the direction along the central axis O from the other end section 11B of the inner element 2 to an end section of the projecting section 21 on the side near the end section 11B is 0 mm or more and 4.4 mm or less. The upper limit of the above distance can be 4.0 mm or less, 3.5 mm or less, 3.0 mm or less, 2.5 mm or less, 2.0 mm or less, 1.5 mm or less, 1.0 mm or less, or even 0.5 mm or less. EXAMPLES<Feuchtepermeationstest 1 des Belüftungsgehäuses> (Example 1)

[0069] An interior element 2 with the in Fig. The shape shown in Figure 11A was produced by injection molding using an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer (MILASTOMER (registered trademark), manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; hardness: 71; density: 880 kg / m³). 3) as material. The resulting inner element 2 had a maximum thickness of 2.4 mm, a minimum thickness of 1.1 mm, an outer diameter of 12 mm at a section with the maximum thickness, an outer diameter of 10 mm at a section with the minimum thickness, an inner diameter of 7.5 mm, and a height H1 of 8.0 mm. The inner element 2 made of Fig. 11A had the same shape as that of the inner element 2 of the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. 4, apart from the fact that it has a projecting section (a bridge) 62 which projects into the interior of the inner element 2 at the end section 11A.

[0070] An outer element 4 with the one in the Fig. 11A and Fig. The shape shown in Figure 11B was manufactured by injection molding using polypropylene (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation) as the material. The resulting outer element 4 had a maximum thickness of 2.5 mm, a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm, an outer diameter of 16 mm, an inner diameter of 11.1 mm at the maximum thickness, an inner diameter of 13.3 mm at the minimum thickness, and a height of 9.0 mm. The outer element 4 made of Fig. 11A and Fig. 11B had the same shape as that of outer element 4 of the Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B and Fig. 4, apart from the fact that it has a claw 45 which projects in the direction of the central axis O at the end of the third projecting section 43 and on the side of the end section 42. In the Fig. 11A and Fig. In 11B, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are viewed from below (the opening side of the outer element 4).

[0071] Next, a laminate (TEMISH “NTF1026-L01”, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation; gas permeation rate: 50 cm³) was used. 3 / min) made from a stretched porous PTFE membrane and a nonwoven fabric of PE / PET composite fibers was used as material and die-cut to produce a circular part with a diameter of 12 mm. This produced a gas-permeable membrane 3. The gas-permeable membrane 3 was then positioned to completely cover the through-hole 14 of the inner element 2. The gas-permeable membrane 3 was welded to the inner element 2 by compression bonding and heating to a temperature of 200 °C and a pressure of 20 N for 2 seconds. The inner element 2, to which the gas-permeable membrane 3 was welded, was then press-fitted (inserted) into the outer element 4 to form a ventilation arrangement A.

[0072] Ventilation arrangement A was designed for area S2 minThe cross-sections with the smallest areas are measured, with the cross-sections of the second space each being measured along a plane perpendicular to the ventilation direction in the ventilation duct. For the cross-sections with the smallest areas, reference can be made to cross-section 47, which is shown in some figures. The figures show a subset of the cross-sections with the smallest areas, which is the smallest unit of the cross-sections with the smallest areas, namely cross-section 47. For ventilation arrangement A, the area S2 was min The cross-sections with the smallest areas are twelve times the area of ​​cross-section 47. For ventilation arrangements B to E, which are described later, the area S2 was minThe cross-sections with the smallest areas were three times (ventilation arrangement B), six times (ventilation arrangement C) and eight times (ventilation arrangement D) the area of ​​cross-section 47. The measurement procedure was specifically as follows.

[0073] An image of the outer element 4 was taken in such a way that the cross-sections with the smallest areas were included. Next, the resulting image was imported into the image analysis software ImageJ, which can measure dimensions in images, and the scaling was adjusted so that the image data matched the dimensions (actual measured values) of the ventilation arrangement. Then, the dimensions of the cross-sections with the smallest areas were measured using the image analysis software, and the area S2 was calculated. min was calculated. Table 1 shows the result of the calculation of S2. min Examples show Fig. 12 an image that is used to S2 minto measure the ventilation arrangement A. A white line 71 in the image corresponds to one of the cross-sections with the smallest areas.

[0074] Next, the ventilation arrangement A was set up for the total area S2 out The measurements were taken from planes that are cross-sections, each viewed at the position where the second space is narrowest, when viewing the second space from the side of the other end section (the bottom side) along the central axis of the ventilation arrangement. The measurement procedure was specifically as follows.

[0075] An image of the lower surface of ventilation assembly A was captured. The resulting image was then imported into the image analysis software ImageJ. The image resolution was set to 8 bits, the contrast was adjusted so that the end section of the ventilation assembly on the lower side was clearly visible, and the scaling was adjusted so that the image data corresponded to the dimensions (actual measured values) of the ventilation assembly. Next, a binarization threshold was set so that only one layer (or cross-sections) was extracted, each captured at the narrowest point of the ventilation path. This generated an image in which only the end section was shown in black. Any other blacked-out area was removed to complete the image. Fig. 13 shows an image that is used to S2 outto measure the ventilation arrangement A, as well as an image after the binarization of the ventilation arrangement A. Fig. Figure 14 shows an image after the binarization of the ventilation arrangement A. Fig. Figure 14 also shows images after the binarization of the ventilation arrangements B to E, which will be described later. Subsequently, the area of ​​the black section in the image was measured using image analysis software, and the area S2 out was calculated. Table 1 shows the results of the S2 calculation. out .

[0076] A housing cover 61, which is located in the Fig. 15A and Fig. 15B, which is shown and has the tubular projection 52, which has the first space 59 inside, was manufactured using a hard resin “Vero Black Plus (RGD875)” as the material and a 3D printer (Object30 Prime). Fig. 15B shows a cross-section BB, which is in Fig. Figure 15A shows the projection 52, which had an outer diameter of 8.5 mm, an inner diameter of 5.0 mm, and a height H2 of 6.0 mm. The cross-sectional area S1 of the first chamber, measured along a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the projection 52, was 19.6 mm². 2 . Next, the projection 52 of the housing cover 61 was inserted into the opening (the opening at the end section on the lower side) of the inner element 2 of the ventilation arrangement A (inserted until the end section of the inner element 2 on the lower side came into contact with the housing 61) to form a housing cover attached to the ventilation arrangement with the ventilation arrangement A attached to the projection 52.

[0077] A quantity of 42 g of water was held in a moisture permeation beaker (with a 60 mm diameter opening and an inner diameter of 60 mm, as specified in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) L 1099 A-2 (Water Method)) and kept in a thermohygrostat at a relative humidity of 50% and a temperature of 40 °C. The housing lid, attached to the venting assembly, was positioned and secured to the opening section of the beaker such that the entire opening area of ​​the beaker was completely covered. The projection 52 and the venting assembly were exposed on the outside of the beaker. In the secured state, the distance between the water surface and the lower surface of the housing lid 61 was 10 mm, and the moisture permeation area of ​​the venting assembly was 44 mm². 2The beaker was then left in the above thermohygrostat for 1 hour. Afterward, the beaker was removed from the thermohygrostat and its mass, W1 (g), was measured together with the housing lid attached to the venting assembly. After being left in the above thermohygrostat for 24 hours, the beaker was again removed and its mass, W2 (g), was measured together with the lid attached to the venting assembly. The difference between the masses measured for the beaker before and after it was left in the thermohygrostat for the second time was defined as A (g) (=W1-W2), and the area of ​​the beaker's opening was defined as B (m²). 2 ) defined. The moisture permeation rate was calculated as the moisture permeation capacity of the ventilation housing using the following equation (1). Moisture permeation rate[gm−2h−1]=A / B / 24 (Example 2)

[0078] A ventilation arrangement B was obtained in the same way as in Example 1, except that the shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 were changed to those shown in the Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B are shown. The inner element 2 from Fig. 16A had the same shape as that of the inner element 2 of the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. 10, apart from the fact that the number of projecting sections 21 is four. The outer element 4 from the Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B had the same shape as that of outer element 4 of the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. 10, apart from the fact that the outer element 4 of the Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B had no claw 45, that the end section 42 on the opening side was deeper than the step 16, viewed in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the ventilation arrangement, and that the outer element 4 from the Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B had three second projecting sections 34, which project in such a way that they extend from the inner circumferential surface 31 in the direction of the central axis on the inner side 33 of the bottom section 32. In the Fig. 16A and Fig. In 16B, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are viewed from below. The surface S2 min , the area S2 out The moisture permeation rate of ventilation arrangement B was evaluated using the methods described above. Table 1 shows the results. (Comparative example 1)

[0079] A ventilation arrangement C was obtained in the same way as in Example 1, except that the shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 were changed to those shown in the Fig. 17A and Fig. 17B are shown. The inner element 2 from Fig. 17A had the same shape as that of inner element 2 from the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B and Fig. 8, apart from the fact that it lacks rib 18. The outer element 4 of the Fig. 17A and Fig. 17B had the same shape as that of outer element 4 of the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B and Fig. 8, apart from the fact that the positions and shapes of the second projecting sections 34 were different. The gap 6C, which is part of the space 5a, was provided inside the perimeter wall of the outer element 4. In the Fig. 17A and Fig. In 17B, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are viewed from below. The surface S2 min , the area S2 out The moisture permeation rate of ventilation arrangement C was evaluated using the methods described above. Table 1 shows the results. (Example 3)

[0080] A ventilation arrangement D was obtained in the same way as in Example 1, except that the shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 were changed to those shown in the Fig. 18A and Fig. 18B are shown. The inner element 2 from Fig. 18A had the same shape as that of inner element 2 from the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B and Fig. 8. The outer element 4 of the Fig. 18A and Fig. 18B had the same shape as that of outer element 4 of the Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B and Fig. 8. In the Fig. 18A and Fig. In 18B, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are viewed from below. The surface S2 min , the area S2 out The moisture permeation rate of the ventilation arrangement D was evaluated using the methods described above. Table 1 shows the results. (Comparative example 2)

[0081] A ventilation arrangement E was obtained in the same way as in Example 1, except that the shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 were changed to those shown in the Fig. 19A and Fig.19B are shown. The inner element 2 from Fig. 19A had the same shape as that of the inner element 2 of the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. 10, apart from the fact that the number of projecting sections 21 is three. The outer element 4 from the Fig. 19A and Fig. 19B had the same shape as that of outer element 4 of the Fig. 9A, Fig. 9B and Fig. 10, apart from the fact that the outer element 4 of the Fig. 19A and Fig. 19B had no claw 45, that the end section 42 on the opening side was deeper than the step 16, viewed in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the ventilation arrangement, and that the outer element 4 from the Fig. 19A and Fig. 19B had three second projecting sections 34, which project in such a way that they extend from the inner circumferential surface 31 in the direction of the central axis on the inner side 33 of the bottom section 32. In the Fig.19A and Fig. In 19B, the inner element 2 and the outer element 4 are viewed from below. The surface S2 min , the area S2 out The moisture permeation rate of the ventilation arrangement E was evaluated using the above methods. Table 1 shows the results. It is noted that the area S2 min the ventilation arrangement E the area S2 out of which was the total area of ​​cross-sections, each recorded at a position where the total area is the second smallest to the area S2. out is three times the area of ​​the cross-section 47.

[0082] In ventilation arrangements B to E, the height H1 of the inner element, the height of the outer element, and the insertion depth of the outer element were the same as those in ventilation arrangement A. [Table 1] Ventilation arrangement Area S1 [mm²] 2 ] Area S2 min [mm 2 ] Area S2 out [mm 2 ] Ratio S2min / S1 ratioS2 out / S1 Moisture permeation rate [gm] -2 h - 1] Example 1 A 19,6 21,7 44,1 1,1 2,2 57,5 Example 2 B 23,9 26,7 1,2 1,4 49,0 Comparative example 1 C 6,3 47,7 0,3 2,4 42,4 Example 3 D 22,4 50,7 1,1 2,6 68,8 Comparative example 2 E 19,2*(25,4) 19,2 1,0*(1,3) 1,0 42,4 * The area S2 min The ventilation arrangement E is equal to the area S2 outof which. The values ​​in parentheses represent the total area of ​​the cross-sections, each recorded at a position where the total area is the second smallest to area S2. out is, and the ratio of the total area to S1.

[0083] Examples 1 to 3 and comparison examples 1 and 2 show Fig. 20 a graph in which a relationship between the ratio S2 out / S1 and the moisture permeation rates are plotted. It was taken from examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 2, in which the ratio S2 min If / S1 is 1.0 or more, it confirms that the moisture permeation rate increases with increasing ratio S2. out / S1 increases. It has also been confirmed that an excellent moisture permeation rate can be achieved when S2 out / S1 is greater than 1.0. <Feuchtepermeationstest 2 des Belüftungsgehäuses> (Examples 4 to 9)

[0084] Ventilation arrangements with shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4, which are in the Fig. 11A and Fig. The items shown in 11B were produced in the same way as in Example 1. (Examples 10 to 12)

[0085] Ventilation arrangements with shapes of the inner element 2 and the outer element 4, which are in the Fig. 16A and Fig. The items shown in 16B were produced in the same way as in Example 2.

[0086] The ventilation arrangements produced in Examples 4 to 12 were subjected to a moisture permeation test in the same manner as described above.<Feuchtepermeationstest 1 des Belüftungsgehäuses> The following tests were performed. Table 2 shows the results of the moisture permeation rate measurement. The height H1 of the inner element, the height H2 of the projection, the gas permeation rate of the gas-permeable membrane, the height of the outer element, the insertion depth of the outer element, and the inner-outside contact length of each ventilation assembly are shown in Table 2. The term "insertion depth of the outer element" in Table 2 refers to the mean axial length of a section of the inner element covered by the outer element, viewed in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the ventilation assembly.The term "inner-outer contact length" refers to the mean axial length of a section where the outer and inner elements are in contact, viewed in the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the venting arrangement. The term "venting distance" refers to the distance determined by adding a larger height selected from the height H1 of the inner element and the height H2 of the projection, as well as the insertion depth of the outer element. The "venting distance" essentially corresponds to the distance from the interior of the housing to an outlet of the venting arrangement. Table 2 Height H1 of the inner element [mm] Height H2 of the tubular projection [mm] Gas permeation volume of the gas-permeable membrane [cm³] 3 / min] Height of outer element [mm] Insertion depth of the outer element [mm] Inner-outer contact length [mm] Ventilation distance [mm] Moisture permeation rate [gm] -2 h -1 ] Example 4 8 8 50 9 7 5,5 15 60,6 Example 5 5 3 3 13 69,1 Example 6 10 7 5 5 15 66,7 Example 7 9 7 5,5 17 55,6 Example 8 8 13000 15 59,4 Example 19 10 17 57,5 Example 10 12 10 50 12 10 5,05 22 49,6 Example 11 15 25 40,0 Example 12 20 30 32,3

[0087] Examples 4 to 12 show Fig.Figure 21 shows a graph illustrating the relationship between moisture permeation rates and ventilation distances. Examples 4 to 7 are shown in the graph, where the height H1 of the inner element is 8.0 mm and the gas permeation rate of the gas-permeable membrane is 50 cm³. 3 The value per minute is plotted with black circles (•). Examples 8 and 9 show the height H1 of the inner element as 8.0 mm and the gas permeation rate of the gas-permeable membrane as 13000 cm³. 3 The values ​​in / min are marked with a black triangle (▲). Examples 10 to 12, where the height H1 of the inner element is 12 mm and the gas permeation rate of the gas-permeable membrane is 50 cm³ 3 The / min amount is plotted with a circle (◯). <Herausziehtest für Innenelement> (Reference example 1)

[0088] An interior element 2 with the in Fig.The shape shown in Figure 16A was produced by injection molding using an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer (MILASTOMER (registered trademark), manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; hardness: 71; density: 880 kg / m³). 3 ) as material. The obtained inner element 2 had a thickness of 4.2 mm at a section with the projecting section 21, a thickness of 2.3 mm at a section that does not have the projecting section 21 (a non-projecting section), an outer diameter of 16 mm at a section that has the projecting section 21, an outer diameter of 12 mm at a non-projecting section, an inner diameter of 7.5 mm and a height H1 of 6.0 mm.

[0089] Next, a protrusion 52 made of polypropylene (PP) was manufactured as the tubular protrusion 52, which can be contained in a housing (see also Fig.22). The projection 52 had an outer diameter of 8.5 mm, an inner diameter of 5.0 mm, and a height H2 of 6.0 mm. A hole was formed with a 0.5 mm diameter pin in an upper section (on the side opposite the side from which the projection was to be inserted) of the inner element 2, and a clip was passed through the hole. Then the projection (height: 6.0 mm) was inserted to the end of the inner element (height: 6.0 mm).

[0090] Next, the clip was attached to one handle of a pull tester (Autograph AGS-X, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the protrusion was attached to the other handle such that the direction in which the protrusion was to be inserted into the inner element 2 was perpendicular to a displacement direction of the pull tester. A pull test was then performed at a pull rate of 200 mm / min. A test in which the protrusion 52 is pulled out of the inner element 2 was therefore carried out (see also Fig. 22). Fig. Figure 23 shows an SS curve obtained from the tensile test. The maximum load value on the SS curve was defined as the pull-out force (horizontal pull-out force) of the inner element 2. Table 3 shows the result of the pull-out force measurement. (Reference examples 2 to 29)

[0091] A pull-out test (pull-out test for the inner element) was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, except that the height H1 of the inner element 2 and the height H2 of the projection 52 were changed to the values ​​shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows the results of the pull-out force measurement. [Table 3] Height H1 of the inner element [mm] Height H2 of the projection [mm] H1 / H2 ratio Pull-out force [N] Phenomenon caused by the pull test Reference Example 1 6 6 1,0 44,1 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference Example 2 5 1,2 22,7 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 3 4 1,5 11,5 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 4 3 2,0 0,5 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 5 7 7 1,0 34,8 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference Example 6 6 1,2 31,3 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 7 5 1,4 22,2 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 8 4 1,8 9,6 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 9 2 3,5 2,4 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 10 8 8 1,0 42,6 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference Example 11 6 1,3 25,8 Inner element pulled apart Reference Example 12 5 1,6 19,4 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 13 4 2,0 7.6 drawn Inner element pulled apart Reference example 14 2 4,0 3,4 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 15 9 9 1,0 42,6 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference example 16 8 1,1 44,4 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference example 17 6 1,5 24,4 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 18 4 2,3 8,5 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 19 2 4,5 2,7 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 20 10 10 1,0 48,4 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference Example 21 8 1,3 40,8 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference Example 22 6 1,7 24,8 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 23 4 2,5 5,6 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 24 2 5,0 3,2 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 25 12 10 1,2 41,5 Inner element not pulled apart and defective Reference example 26 8 1,5 41,0 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 27 6 2,0 19,2 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 28 4 3,0 6,0 Inner element pulled apart Reference example 29 2 6,0 1,9 Inner element pulled apart

[0092] For reference examples in which the inner elements 2 were pulled apart without being defective, shows Fig. Figure 24 shows a graph illustrating the relationship between the ratios H1 / H2 and the pull-out forces. The values ​​in the graph's legend represent the heights H1 of the inner elements 2. <Herausziehtest für Außenelement> (Reference example 30)

[0093] An interior element 2 with the in Fig.The shape shown in Figure 16A was produced by injection molding using an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer (MILASTOMER (registered trademark), manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; hardness: 71; density: 880 kg / m³). 3 ) as material. The resulting inner element 2 had a thickness of 4.2 mm at a section with the projecting section 21, a thickness of 2.3 mm at a section not having the projecting section 21 (a non-projecting section), an outer diameter of 16 mm at a section having the projecting section 21, an outer diameter of 12 mm at a non-projecting section, an inner diameter of 7.5 mm, and a height H1 of 6.0 mm. An outer element 4 with the in the Fig. 16A and Fig.The shape shown in Figure 16B was produced by injection molding using polypropylene (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation) as the material. The resulting outer element 4 had a thickness of 1.0 mm, an outer diameter of 17.5 mm, an inner diameter of 15.6 mm, and a height of 12 mm. Next, a protrusion 52 was produced from polypropylene (PP) as the tubular protrusion 52, which can be contained in a housing (see also Fig.22). The projection had an outer diameter of 8.1 mm, an inner diameter of 5.0 mm, and a height H2 of 10 mm. Next, a hole was formed on a lower section 32 (on the side opposite the side from which the inner element 2 was to be inserted) of the outer element 4, and a screw was passed through the hole. Then, the inner element 2 was pressed (inserted) into the outer element 4 (insertion depth of the outer element 4: 10 mm) to create a vent. The projection was inserted into the inner element 2 such that the projection (height: 10 mm) was fully pressed into the vent.Next, the screw was attached to one handle of a pull tester (Autograph AGS-X, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the protrusion was attached to the other handle such that the direction of displacement of the pull tester coincided with the direction in which the protrusion was inserted into the vent assembly. A pull test was then performed at a pulling speed of 200 mm / min. This test involved pulling the outer element 4 out of the vent assembly. Fig. Figure 25 shows an SS curve obtained from the tensile test. The maximum load values ​​on the SS curve were defined as the pull-out force of the outer element 4. Table 4 shows the results of the pull-out force measurement. The SS curves of reference examples 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are shown in descending order of maximum load values. (Reference examples 31 to 41)

[0094] A pull-out test (outer element pull-out test) was performed in the same manner as in Reference Example 30, except that the outer diameter of the projection, the height of the outer element, and the insertion depth of the outer element were changed to the values ​​shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows the results of the pull-out force measurement. The terms "insertion depth of the outer element" and "inner-outer contact length" in Table 4 are as in<Feuchtepermeationstest 2 des Belüftungsgehäuses> described. [Table 4] Reference example no. Height of the inner element [mm] Height of the projection [mm] Outer diameter of the projection [mm] Height of outer element [mm] Insertion depth of the outer element [mm] Inner-outer contact length [mm] Pull-out force [N] 30 12 10 8,1 12 10 5,5 31,40 31 9 5,5 32,90 32 8 5,5 27,69 33 7 5,5 22,45 34 6 5,5 16,93 35 5 5 9,87 36 8,5 12 10 5,5 37,86 37 9 5,5 36,31 38 8 5,5 32,46 39 7 5,5 27,28 40 6 5,5 19,36 41 5 5 9,19

[0095] The reference examples show Fig. 26 a graph showing the relationship between the insertion depths of the external elements and the withdrawal forces. The values ​​in the legend in Fig. Figure 26 represents the outer diameters of the projections. For examples 5 to 7 in the above-described<Feuchtepermeationstest 2 des Belüftungsgehäuses> shows Fig.27 a graph showing the relationship between the insertion depths of the external elements and the moisture permeation rates. The value in the legend in Fig. Figure 27 represents the outer diameters of the projections. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0096] The ventilation housing of the present invention can be used in the same applications as conventional ventilation housings.

Claims

[1] Ventilation housing comprising: a case (51); and a ventilation arrangement (1A-1E), wherein the housing (51) has a tubular projection (52) which extends in such a way that it projects from the outer surface of the housing (51) and has a first space (59) inside which connects the interior and the exterior of the housing (51), the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) features: an internal element (2) which is a tubular body with an opening (12A) at a first end section (11A) and an opening (12B) at a second end section (11B); a gas-permeable membrane (3) covering the opening (12A) at the first end section (11A) of the inner element (2); and an outer element (4) which is a tubular body with a bottom, wherein the outer element (4) is attached to the inner element (2), wherein the inner element (2) is inserted into the interior of the outer element (4) from the side of the first end section (11A), the ventilation arrangement (1A-1 E) is attached to the tubular projection (52), the tubular projection (52) being inserted into the opening (12B) on the second end section (12B) of the inner element (2) to cause an inner circumferential surface of the inner element (2) and an outer circumferential surface of the tubular projection (52) to be in contact with each other, the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) has a second space (5) which serves as a ventilation path, connecting the gas-permeable membrane (3) and an outer part of the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) in an interior of the outer element (4) and / or an intermediate space between the inner element (2) and the outer element (4), which are joined to each other, a ratio S2 min / S1 between a surface S1 of a cross-section of the first space (59), recorded along a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the tubular projection (52), and a smallest total area S2 min, which is determined by comparing values ​​of different total areas, which are determined at different distances from the gas-permeable membrane (3), is 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less, wherein the total areas are determined for a cross-section of the second space (5), recorded along a plane perpendicular to a ventilation direction in the ventilation path, wherein the cross-section is located at a certain distance from the gas-permeable membrane (3), and a ratio S2 out / S1 between the surface S1 of a cross-section of the first space (59), recorded along a plane perpendicular to a central axis of the tubular projection (52), and a total surface S2 outa plane consisting of a cross-section of the second space (5), taken at a position where the second space (5) is narrowest, when viewing the second space (5) from the side of the second end section (11B) along a central axis (O) of the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E), is greater than 1.0 and 4.0 or less, a distance H is a greater height, which is determined from a height H1 of the inner element (2) and a height H2 of the tubular projection (52), and a sum of the distance H and an insertion depth of the outer element (4) of 17 mm or less. [2] Ventilation housing according to claim 1, wherein a height H1 of the inner element (2) is 6.0 mm or more and 10 mm or less. [3] Ventilation housing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio S2 out / S1 is 1.5 or more and 4.0 or less. [4] Ventilation housing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, when considering the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E) in a direction perpendicular to the central axis (O) of the ventilation arrangement (1A-1E), the length of a section of the inner element (2) covered by the outer element (4) in a direction along the central axis (O) is 6.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less. [5] Ventilation housing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer element (4) and / or the inner element (2) has a locking mechanism which detachably joins the outer element (4) and the inner element (2) to each other.

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