Ophthalmic lenses for myopia control and methods and systems for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to methods for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: machining a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form a surface of the spectacle lens with at least a portion of the surface comprising a curvature for the correction of the myopic prescription of the wearer; machining a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween on the surface of the spectacle lens suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth; and / or polishing the surface of the spectacle lens; wherein, after polishing the spectacle lens, at least one of the plurality of optical elements may have a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval. The present disclosure is also directed devices and systems manufactured using the described manufacturing methods.

Description

OPHTHALMIC LENSES FOR MYOPIA CONTROL AND METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MANUFACTURING OPHTHALMIC LENSESCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 642,405, filed on May 3, 2024. The contents of this priority application are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses including, for example, spectacle lenses (or a contact lens) for myopia control having at least one optical function for correcting a refractive error of a wearer and another optical function for treating the refractive error by providing an optical signal to retinal receptors of the wearer to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth. This disclosure also relates to methods and systems for manufacturing such ophthalmic lenses.BACKGROUND

[0003] Finished ophthalmic lenses, such as spectacle lenses for myopia control, may be manufactured as a fully finished spectacle lens incorporating both the prescription and the myopia control optical design or through a process starting with a semi-finished lens blank, e.g., that is printed (in whole or in part), molded or cast between molds. A spectacle lens for myopia control that may be partially (e.g. finished on at least one surface) or fully formed and finished during the molding process has the advantage of using precise CNC machining of the mold surfaces and / or a diamond tool that may enable more finely detailed pattern of a plurality of optical elements to be formed on thelens. The plurality of myopia control optical elements may be effective for myopia control. However, molding fully formed spectacle lenses requires a high number of lens moldings to manufacture the many prescriptions required to correct the refractive errors of the progressing myope, e.g., spherical and sphero-cylindrical prescriptions.Practically and economically, manufacturers may be limited to only supply fully finished myopia control lens products in a single lens material and a single refractive index, for example, a polycarbonate material with a refractive index of 1.6. Additionally, while polycarbonate is suitable to molding in metal molds and has excellent material strength, unfortunately the material is not ideal optically (e.g., as defined using an Abbe number) and may suffer from significant chromatic aberration. As an alternative approach to overcome limitations of supplying fully finished molded myopia control spectacle lenses, lens manufacturers and optical labs desire to manufacture such lenses from semi-finished blanks made from one of a variety of synthetic polymeric materials. These types of synthetic polymeric materials may be provided with a base curve and a myopia control optical design, e.g., incorporating a plurality of myopia control optical elements or a progressive power surface molded on a first surface, e.g., a front surface, of the lens. The second, back surface of the lens may then undergo surfacing, for example, by freeform manufacturing processes, in order to finish the lens with the desired optical power and / or thickness to correct the progressing myopes refractive error. In cases where a plurality of optical elements are molded on the front surface of the semi-finished lens blank, an effective myopia control may be provided with respect to the progressive myope.However, in some cases, the supplied semi-finished blank may not include a design with a plurality of optical elements effective for myopia control and so a back surface may be designed and machined using freeform processes with a lens surface that corrects the myopia refractive error and provides an effective myopia control lens design. Invariably,up until the disclosures herein, such commercial myopia control lenses incorporated a smooth, continuous, and progressive lens surface due to the limitations of the freeform manufacturing systems and / or processes, e.g., where an optical lab machines a continuous surface including the desired prescription and progressive (in power and / or curvature) lens surface without discontinuities (e.g., abrupt surface elevations and / or depressions) on the back surface of the semi-finished lens blank using a machining tool and then polishes and further smooths the surfaces to minimize surface roughness and surface elevations and make the lens optically transparent and of low haze to fully form the lens surface. However, the commercial myopia control lenses made by freeform manufacturing processes and having smooth continuous progressive power profiles (e.g., to provide peripheral defocus) have been shown in clinical trials, especially in Asian eyes that grow more rapidly, to be clinically ineffective.

[0004] Thus, there is a need to improve the systems and / or methods used to manufacture myopia control spectacle lenses. For example, the disclosure describes freeform manufacturing systems and / or processes of myopia control spectacle lenses incorporating both the prescription surface and a pattern of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween on the lens surface effective for myopia control from a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, and / or an intermediate precursor of an ophthalmic lens, e.g., one having a spherical or aspherical front lens surface. Some embodiments described herein may overcome and / or ameliorate at least one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art, as will become apparent from the discussion herein.SUMMARY

[0005] This summary is not intended to be limiting as to the embodiments disclosed herein and other embodiments are disclosed in this specification and the claims. In addition,features of one embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments to form additional embodiments.

[0006] At least one embodiment relates to an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens or contact lens) for myopia control having at least one optical function for correcting a refractive error of a wearer and another optical function for treating the refractive error by providing an optical signal to the retinal receptors to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth.

[0007] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may be a contact lens (e.g., a lathed contact lens with or without a polishing step).

[0008] At least one embodiment relates to an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens or contact lens) for myopia control having at least one lens surface comprising a prescription surface curvature for correcting a refractive error of a wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements providing at least one optical signal to the retinal receptors to slow the progression of axial eye length growth (e.g., to slow the progression of myopia).

[0009] At least one embodiment relates to the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses having at least one optical function (e.g., a spectacle lenses for myopia control comprising a prescription surface curvature for correcting a refractive error of a wearer) and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements providing an optical signal to the retinal receptors in order to slow the progression of axial eye length growth (e.g., to slow the progression of myopia).

[0010] At least one embodiment relates to a process for manufacturing such spectacle lenses for myopia control, e.g., by a freeform process, wherein at least one surface (e.g., a front surface or a back surface) of the spectacle lens has a surface comprising a prescription surface curvature for correcting at least in part a refractive error of a wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween providing an optical signal to theretinal receptors in order to slow the progression of axial eye length growth (e.g., to slow the progression of myopia).

[0011] At least one embodiment relates to the manufacturing of spectacle lenses for myopia control by a freeform process that comprises at least one of a machining step and / or a polishing step of a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor where at least one surface has at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and / or a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression, e.g., slow or stop axial eye growth.

[0012] At least one embodiment relates to the manufacturing of spectacle lenses for myopia control by a freeform process that comprises at least one of a machining step and / or a polishing step and / or a lasering step of a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor where at least one surface has at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and / or a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween produced, at least in part, by a contact or non-contact surface changing and / or material removal step and / or material additive step and / or material changing step (e.g. laser, printing, microblasting, chemical, thermal, light energy, etc.) and is suitable for delivering an optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression, e.g., slow or stop axial eye growth

[0013] At least one embodiment relates to a method for manufacturing a spectacle lens utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: machining a lens blank, semifinished lens blank and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form a surface of the spectacle lens with at least a portion of the surface comprising a curvature for the correction of the myopic prescription of the wearer; machining a pattern of a plurality of optical elements on the surface of the spectacle lens suitable for delivering an effective optical signalto the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or substantially stop or stop myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth); and polishing the surface of the spectacle lens; wherein, after polishing the spectacle lens, at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval (e.g., the comparable interval may be any linear portion of a central optical region in at least one orientation (e.g., horizontal, vertical and / or oblique) containing the optical axis and / or geometric center of the lens of less than 5mm in dimension, devoid of optical elements, and incorporating the prescription surface (e.g., excluding any fitting marks or engravings of any sort and / or surface defects e.g. scratches or manufacturing machining e.g. within about 1 -2 mm diameter around the lens center or polishing defects)).

[0014] At least one embodiment relates to a method for manufacturing a spectacle lens utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: determining a prescription surface satisfactory for refractive error correction (e.g. a myopic refractive error or a myopic astigmatic correction) of the wearer; determining a surface pattern for a plurality of optical elements for addition to at least a portion of the prescription surface; determining a target geometry of at least one surface of the spectacle lens based at least in part on the prescription surface and the surface pattern of the plurality of optical elements; machining and polishing a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form the at least one surface of the spectacle lens with at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a prescription surface and at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a pattern of a plurality of optical elements; wherein the surface pattern for the plurality of optical elements is suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or substantially stop or stop myopia progression (e.g. axial eye growth); and wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surfaceelevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval.

[0015] At least one embodiment relates to a spectacle lens for myopia control made by a freeform process that includes at least one of a machining and / or a polishing step of a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor or a substantially formed or fully formed or fully finished lens surface having at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression e.g. axial eye growth and at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval, is optically transparent, has a predetermined surface roughness, and / or a predetermined space power.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of various operating steps of a process (e.g., a freeform process) for manufacturing a spectacle lens for myopia control.

[0017] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrates a plan view (2A) and a limited cross-sectional view (2B) of an exemplary spectacle lens for myopia control comprising a prescription surface and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements manufactured by a freeform process, according to at least one disclosed embodiment.

[0018] FIG. 3A illustrates a cross sectional view of surface elevations of an exemplary spectacle lens for myopia control comprising a prescription surface and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements manufactured by freeform processes, according to at least one disclosed embodiment. The FIG. 3B illustrates a plan view of the back surface of thelens from FIG. 2A and FIG. 3C a limited plan view of the back surface including 2 optical elements and illustrate an exemplary calculation of the relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of a portion of the prescription surface compared to the same for an optical element.

[0019] FIGS. 4A-4B illustrates a semi-finished lens blank and a counterpart fully finished lens wherein the end of an ophthalmic lens manufacturing process incorporates a surface that has a prescription surface and a surface that has a pattern of myopia control optical lens design features (e.g., a combination of optical elements and spaces therebetween), using the freeform manufacturing process shown in FIG. 1.

[0020] FIGS. 4C-4D illustrates a semi-finished lens blank and a counterpart fully finished lens wherein the end of an ophthalmic lens manufacturing process did not result in myopia control (e.g., was relatively ineffective or not clinically effective), using the freeform manufacturing process.

[0021] FIGS. 4E-4F illustrates a semi-finished lens blank and a counterpart fully finished lens wherein the end of an ophthalmic lens manufacturing process incorporates a surface that has a prescription surface and a surface that has a pattern of myopia control optical lens design features, according to at least one embodiment using the freeform manufacturing process shown in FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 5 presents myopia control efficacy data from clinical trials for several myopia control spectacle lenses incorporating several optical lens designs.

[0023] FIGS. 6 A and 6B illustrate exemplary patterns of a plurality of optical elements incorporated in a prescription lens surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control made by freeform systems and / or processes.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following description is provided in relation to several embodiments that may share common characteristics and features. It is to be understood that one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of other embodiments. In addition, a single feature or combination of features in certain of the embodiments may constitute additional embodiments. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the disclosed embodiments and variations of those embodiments.

[0025] Any subject headings used in the detailed description are included only for the ease of reference of the reader and should not be used to limit the subject matter found throughout the disclosure or the claims. Any subject headings should not be used in construing the scope of the claims or the claim limitations.

[0026] In addition to other advantages disclosed herein, one or more of the following advantages may be present in certain exemplary embodiments: customization of the spectacle lens to the wearer’s ocular characteristics or management or cosmetic or functional needs including, for example, personalization of the design parameters to the severity of their myopia and progression; practitioners offering value added options such as coatings, tints (e.g., light sensitive tints), materials (e.g., refractive index); digitization of designs to facilitate local manufacturing to benefit supply chain and provide increased distribution options; and reduced inventory stocking (e.g., base curves and cylinders of fully finished lenses or partly finished blanks that are more expensive than stock blanks).

[0027] Standard freeform manufacturing and processing steps of spectacle lenses e.g. lenses without elevated optical elements such as spherical, aspherical and progressive lenses (for both young adults and pre-presbyopes with visual fatigue, presbyopia and myopia control) have been developed to provide surface machining and polishing techniques toprovide precise curvature and / or diopter geometry (including surface astigmatism control to minimize aberrations) on at least one surface of the lens and a surface that is very smooth (e.g. low surface roughness and optically transparent) and has a low diffusability (e.g. haze) and so do not scatter light and are cosmetically acceptable. For example, lens designers devote significant efforts in designing at least a portion of one or both lens surfaces to optimize (e.g., reduce in some regions and increase in other regions) surface astigmatism (sometimes referred to as unwanted astigmatism and commonly represented in cylinder power maps of a lens surface). In embodiments, surface astigmatism is not the same as the astigmatism present in the refractive error or the cylinder required to correct the refractive error of the myope and therefore introduced into at least one surface of the spectacle lens to correct the cylinder (and axis) error of the myopic eye. Accordingly, the standard freeform manufacturing processes have been optimized to provide these precise surfaces. However, standard freeform machining and process steps may introduce a number of problems for spectacle lenses designed to be effective for myopia control. For example, these surfaces may require at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth) and at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval greater, or substantially greater) than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval.

[0028] The following problems may be encountered with unoptimized freeform processes used to manufacture effective myopia control lens designs that have e.g., a prescription surface and a plurality of optical elements:1. Machining and polishing of surfaces comprising local elevations, depressions, peak to valley variations and / or local thicknesses and thinnesses relativeto base surfaces may be smoothed. Thus, the local surface curvatures of myopia control optical elements (e.g., relatively high surface elevation change per millimeter interval required for highly effective myopia control lenses) may be smoothed e.g., eliminate (down to about the base surface) or substantially reduce the surface elevations, thereby making them ineffective or less effective than desired.2. Machining and polishing techniques may make it difficult to control the repeatability of dimensional characteristics of the product element with the desired precision from lens to lens for myopia control application. For example, it may be difficult to achieve with an excellent precision local control of the radius of curvature of the lens and / or a very smooth surface with a low surface roughness and accordingly acceptable optical transparency and low diffusability (e.g., haze) of the finished myopia control spectacle lens.3. Designing at least a portion of the surface astigmatism of the at least one surface of the spectacle lens (e.g. at least one surface portion of the freeform lens surface having a prescription surface and a plurality of optical elements and spaces therebetween) in order to provide an optical signal that is effective for myopia control may be difficult. For example, the curvature of the center zone may be designed and processed (e.g. machined and polished) to provide a minimal surface astigmatism to correct the refractive error of the wearer and the at least one plurality of optical elements may be designed and processed (e.g., machined and polished) to achieve the desired surface elevations required to deliver an effective myopia control and the curvatures of the spaces between the optical elements may be designed and processed (e.g. machined and polished) with a power profile (e.g. an astigmatic power profile) with a maximum power meridian and a minimum power meridian, to ensure the desired prescription surface may deliver an effective amount of refractive errorcorrection and an optical function suitable for delivering an optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth).

[0029] Further advantages and / or features of the claimed subject matter will become apparent from the following examples describing certain embodiments of the claimed subject matter.

[0030] Any description of prior art documents herein, or statements herein derived from or based on those documents, is not an admission that the documents or derived statements are part of the common general knowledge of the relevant art.

[0031] While certain embodiments have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only.

[0032] In the foregoing description of certain embodiments, specific terminology has been resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that a specific term includes other technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar technical purpose. Terms such as “left” and right”, “front” and “rear”, “above” and “below” and the like are used as words of convenience to provide reference points and are not to be construed as limiting terms.

[0033] In this specification, the word “comprising” is to be understood in its “open” sense, that is, in the sense of “including”, and thus not limited to its “closed” sense, that is the sense of “consisting only of’. A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words “comprise”, “comprised” and “comprises” where they appear.

[0034] The subtractive manufacturing corresponds to a machining process, the latter comprising at least one step chosen from a roughing step, a finishing step, and a polishing step.

[0035] As used in this disclosure, the term “roughing step” means a step consisting in machining the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor, by, for example, a cutter or a diamond tool, in order to give it the thickness and radii of curvature of the target ophthalmic lens or a thickness and radii of curvature close to those of the target ophthalmic lens.

[0036] As used in this disclosure, the term “finishing step” means a step consisting in fining the grain and / or fining the radii of curvature by, for example, a diamond tool or a tool having an abrasive surface, of the surface of the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor, in order to be suitable to undergo a polishing step.

[0037] As used in this disclosure, the term “polishing step” means the desired surface smoothness and transparency or diffusibility (e.g., lens haze) required for the target myopia control ophthalmic lens; this step may allow traces left by the roughing and finishing to be removed. It may be carried out using, for example, a polisher that is softer and an abrasive slurry that is of finer grain than those implementable in a finishing step. This step is also called a “soft polish.” For example, the curvature of the main surface, e.g., the prescription correction (e.g., spherical or toric correction), referred to as the base correction, or the pattern or curvatures of the plurality of optical elements and / or surfaces in the spaces there-between, may not be notably impacted by the soft polishing step beyond that designed to be attained and / or to render it clinically ineffective and / or to impart any unintended optical property(s).

[0038] The roughing and finishing steps are therefore the steps in which the shape and curvatures of the treated surface may be primarily e.g. fully, and / or sufficiently formed and suitable for the polishing step.

[0039] Another possible step is a polishing step, and in the present disclosure a‘polishing” may be one variant of the finishing step e.g.by using a harder polisher tool in conjunction with an abrasive slurry and / or may be a final step e.g. by using a softer pad. In at least one embodiment, the polishing step may be implemented by any number of machines, processes and conditions used in ophthalmic lens manufacturing including contact methods, e.g., soft polishing, hard polishing, CNC polishing, and, e.g., methods and conditions provided by Satisloh ( e.g. Multi -FLEX -2 digital lens polisher), Zeiss, Hoya, Cobum, Schneider, Optimax VIBE, IOT, and / or the non-contact methods includes continuous wave laser polishing, e.g. as described by AxiLens, and / or microblasting.

[0040] As used in this disclosure, the term “optical function”, when applied to a lens or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor, is understood to mean the optical properties, e.g. power profile, of any part of the lens or lens surface e.g. the center zone and / or the optical elements and / or the spaces therebetween and / or the boundary power and / or lens surface and / or the prescription surface and / or surface astigmatism characteristics and / or of prismatic deviations and / or of higher-order aberrations associated with the lens or center optical zone or optical elements or spaces therebetween or other regions free of optical elements and spaces therebetween for all, or substantially all, the directions of the gaze of a wearer of this lens. Additionally, the term “optical function” may be also understood to mean the optical effect of the optical signal delivered by the spectacle lens on the vision and / or the correction of the refractive error and / or the treatment of the refractive error. For example, defocus and / or blur and / or aberrations and / or visual response, for example, perceived vision quality or cortical response and / or psychophysical response and / or physiological response, e.g., the effect of the optical signal on retinal receptors and the detection and response to myopiagenic or myopia control signals. The extra thicknesses and / or thinnesses and / or surface elevations per mm from the prescription surface forming thepattem of the at least a plurality of the one or more optical elements generated in the manufacturing machining step of the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor leading to an effective myopia control may be between 20 nm per mm and 1000 pm per mm (e.g., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900 nm per mm and / or 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 pm per mm) inclusive. In certain embodiments, the one or more optical elements generated in the manufacturing machining and / or polishing step of the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor leading to an effective myopia control may be between 100 nm per mm and 5000 nm per mm inclusive (e.g., 50nm / mm, lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm. 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 1800nm / mm, 1900nm / mm, 2000nm / mm, 2100nm / mm, 2200nm / mm, 2300nm / mm, 2400nm / mm, 2500nm / mm, 5000nm / mm).

[0041] It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments and is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Also, the various embodiments described above may be implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, e.g., aspects of one embodiment may be combined with aspects of another embodiment to realize yet other embodiments. Further, independent features of a given embodiment may constitute an additional embodiment. In addition, a single feature or combination of features in certain of the embodiments may constitute additional embodiments. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the disclosed embodiments and variations of those embodiments.

[0042] Certain methods for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses comprise a step of providing an unprocessed or semi-finished lens blank (i.e., a lens blank where none of the faces or only one of the faces of the lens is finished).

[0043] These processes may also comprise one or more steps of, for example, machining one of the faces of the unprocessed lens blank to obtain what is referred to as a finished face (e.g., a surface defining the sought-after optical surface) providing the (possibly complex) optical properties prescribed to the wearer of the ophthalmic lens.

[0044] As used herein, the expression “one or more steps of machining” should be understood to mean steps including one or more of roughing, finishing and / or polishing.

[0045] The roughing step makes it possible, starting from an unprocessed or semifinished lens blank, to give one or more of the surfaces of the lens blank, which are referred to as unfinished, its thickness and surface radii of curvature. The finishing (also called smoothing) step consists in fining the grain or even the precision of the radii of curvature of the faces obtained beforehand and allows the curved surface(s) generated to be prepared (i.e., smoothed) for the polishing step. The polishing step is a step of surfacing the roughed or smoothed curved surface(s), and making the ophthalmic lens transparent (e.g., by a surface contact method such as using a tool or pad or material and may be in conjunction with a polishing compound (e.g., a liquid including abrasives or particulates) or may be a noncontact method (e.g., a laser)). The roughing and finishing steps are the steps that may set e.g., exactly set and / or very closely set and / or closely set and / or approximately set, the thickness of the final lens and the radii of curvature of the treated surface, independently of the thickness of the initial object and of its initial radii of curvature.

[0046] In some embodiments, the optical surface, referred to as a “free-form surface” or “digital surface”, generally requires precise machining, and such a surface may vary in complexity to deliver the curvatures and power profiles and / or aberration profiles for thewearer application (vision correction with good wearability). For example, the surface complexity may vary from simpler spherical or aspherical surfaces to more complex aberration controlled progressive surfaces and through to surfaces that also may customize geometrical and / or optical characteristics based on the wearer’s ocular and / or anatomical characteristics, and / or physiological characteristics (e.g. body growth and / or eye growth) and / or lens positioning and / or frame fitting geometry. A freeform manufacturing process has required the optical design for the lens surface to be smooth and continuous to enable the high precision surface to be manufactured and processed into an optically transparent and of low haze lens having very good optical quality and high precision (e.g., control of surface astigmatism). But the smooth and continuous freeform surfaces (e.g. progressive surface) have had limited clinical success (in particular on Asian eyes that are typically faster growing) to serve the function of treating the refractive error, e.g., delivering an optical signal (e.g., myopic defocus) to the retinal receptors for slowing the progressive growth of the eyeball. Lens surfaces that are discontinuous may be more successful in treating refractive errors of children. For example, combining a prescription surface serving the function of correcting the refractive error of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements (and / or spaces there-between) for myopia control may serve the function of treating the refractive error, (e.g., delivering an optical signal to the retinal receptors for slowing the progressive growth of the eyeball). More effective myopia control optical designs may require more powerful optical elements than the prescription of the wearer (e.g., to create a myopic defocus in front of the retina) and the optical elements may be sufficiently small and / or discrete and be distributed over an area, for example, in an array of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween to enable fulltime wearing comfort and cosmetic acceptability. For example, lenslet and concentric ring arrays may be comprised of narrow and discrete refractive optical elements providing surface convexity relative to the prescription surfacethat are distributed over the lens surface in a ratio of around 30-70% (e.g., ratio of optical elements to spaces therebetween over the array) and may be effective for myopia control. In some embodiments, the ratio may be about 80% or higher. However, these lens designs, including discontinuous surfaces and / or elevated surface portions, are manufactured as fully finished spectacle lenses by molding because the machining of such complex optical surfaces in a freeform process would need to be carried out using at least one high-precision machine tool at least for the roughing step, or even for the finishing and polishing step, and a polisher capable of polishing the surface(s) obtained in the preceding steps. Consequently, the machining and polishing steps may not be possible either due to the lower machining precision or due to the polishing substantially altering the surface curvature of the pattern of the plurality of optical elements for slowing myopia progression, (for example, polishing out the surface features and / or the machining and / or polishing of the spaces between the optical elements in the array). Progressive surfaces that create a myopic defocus in front of the retina by smoothly and continuously and progressively becoming more powerful than the prescription of the wearer may not incorporate small, discrete, relatively elevated, and / or relatively depressed optical elements providing surface convexity (or concavity) relative to the prescription surface and may be manufactured by freeform processes.

[0047] Due, in part, to the various advantages offered by lenses formed using freeform manufacturing techniques, optical labs employing freeform manufacturing systems and / or methods to manufacture both the prescription surface and / or a pattern of least a plurality of optical elements that may provide an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors that slow axial elongation and control myopia progression may gain significant commercial advantages to manufacture myopia control spectacle lenses using freeform processes than traditional approaches to making myopia control lenses. For example, the freeform lens manufacturing strategy may enable greater customizationand / or personalization of the myopia control lens design. Some exemplary advantages may include one or more of the following:• patient anatomical, ocular and eye growth characteristics;• eyeglass frame and fitting geometry;• selecting design parameters based on individual patient anatomical, ocular, and / or eye growth characteristics and / or eyeglass frame and fitting geometry;• a lower inventory carry for optical laboratories because the cylinder, cylinder axis, near add power and / or add power are machined into the back of the lens requiring only, for example, simple lower cost single vision blanks, more choice in base curve selection (e.g. flatter) and ranges, e.g., one diopter spread and in a much wider range of lens materials have more desirable optical and physical properties (e.g., Abbe number, machining, polishing, hardness, weight, coating and / or tinting binding and adherence), e.g., reduced chromatic aberration;• a range of refractive indices enabling thinner and flatter and more cosmetically acceptable fully finished spectacle lenses with cosmetic, convenience and light management coatings and tints; and• the flexibility of the freeform process enables further value adding possibilities for the retailer to provide the best finished product for the customer.

[0048] Thus, there is a need to improve the systems and / or processes used to manufacture clinically effective myopia control spectacle lenses. For example, freeform manufacturing systems and / or processes may be utilized to manufacture myopia control spectacle lenses incorporating both the prescription surface and a pattern of optical elements on the lens surface from a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank and / or anintermediate precursor of an ophthalmic lens, e.g., one having a spherical front lens surface.

[0049] The present disclosure is directed, in at least one embodiment, to a spectacle lens for correcting and treating refractive errors of the eye, for example, myopia. The present disclosure is also directed, in at least one embodiment, to simple, easy and / or economical ways to implement the methods disclosed herein by both small and large optical laboratories, and the methods disclosed may also be capable of delivering rapidly and / or flexibly lenses having a diverse range of geometrical, optical, and / or material properties. The use of one or more of the methods disclosed herein permit the production of large quantities of lenses that may be mass-marketed and may meet personalized requirements and may be highly effective for controlling the axial elongation of the eye in progressive myopes. Figure 1 shows the processing steps that may be used to manufacture the spectacle lens disclosed herein, according to at least one exemplary embodiment. The initial processing steps may include obtaining a wearer’s prescription for at least the correction of refractive error as well as a wearer’s fitting data, such as one or more of frame geometry and / or size, vertex distance, pupil position, and / or pupil size. Personalization data, which has the potential to influence the eye growth characteristics of the wearer (including possible myopia progression), may also be collected, including, but not limited to, age, refractive error, gender, ethnicity, parental myopia, genetics, familial history, educational environment, living environment, outdoor activity, and / or near-work intensity, among other potential factors. For example, combining a factor such as the age of the wearer with their refractive error data may enable the identification of the individual’s probability of myopia progression (e.g., of axial eye growth increasing at a rate leading to at an increase in myopia of greater than or equal to 0.25 D or 0.50 D or 0.75 D or more), as well as approximating axial eye growth rate and / or acceleration and / or deceleration, and / or the probability of developing myopia greater than orequal to for example, 0.25 D, 0.50 D, 0.75 D, and / or higher values. This can, in turn, enable the identification of various customization parameters of the lens. Other initial processing steps may include selecting a lens material with a refractive index suitable for the wearer's prescription as well as taking into account the wearer’s optical requirements which may include taking into account the strength of the optical signal to be delivered to the retina and / or be detected by receptors in order to alter (e.g., slow) myopia progression, and may also and / or alternatively include measuring the defocus amount and / or extent, as well as the change in retinal image contrast and / or modulation transfer function (MTF). The initial processing steps may also include taking into account the geometrical dimensions of the lens, as well as any patterns of pluralities of optical elements and spaces therebetween for myopia control, including optical element-type (e.g. rings, open rings, closed rings, patches, segments, dots, lenslets, etc.), patterns and / or distributions of the optical elements (e.g. circular, non circular, square, hexagonal, fill factor, etc.), and characteristics of the optical elements (e.g. size, shape, symmetry, curvature, sphericity, asphericity, power profile, center- to-center and / or border-to-border spacing, etc.). Additionally, affordability may be a consideration based on the amount of personalization and / or customization conducting for a wearer prior to and / or during lens manufacturing. The initial processing may also involve obtaining or determining the geometrical and / or optical properties of a semi-finished lens blank. The process may also involve determining the prescription surface personalized to the wearer. The process may also include generating the data for the prescription surface personalized to the wearer.

[0050] The exemplary method also includes obtaining or determining the desired patterns of the plurality of optical elements that provide optical signals (e.g., signals inducing defocus, reduced image contrast, reduced MTF, etc.) to the retinal receptors in order to slow the progression of axial eye length growth in accordance with the practitioner and / ormanufacturer knowledge and / or the available lens-making machinery. Furthermore, the method may include determining the surface of the patterns of the plurality of optical elements to be added to the prescription surface of the lens. The exemplary method may also include generating or determining the lens surface comprising the prescription surface and the plurality of optical elements and generating a target geometry of the spectacle lens. The method may further include determining the manufacturing setting of the lens surface in the predetermined sequence. For example, the method may include the use of at least one compensation factor to adjust surface geometry or optical properties at interim steps of the freeform process to the final lens geometry dispensed to the wearer (e.g., the machined surface and polished surface geometry or optics at any step relative to the fully formed (machined) and / or finished (machined and polished) and / or fully finished (machined and polished and predetermined added functions) lens). Thereafter, the method may involve manufacturing the lens surface in the predetermined sequence. The method may further include machining (i.e., roughing and / or finishing) and polishing (if desired). The method may also include producing the fully finished transparent lens with optical elements having a surface elevation of. e.g., 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 700, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, and / or 5000 nm and, if desired, further processing of the fully finished lens to add further predetermined functions (e.g., functional coatings such as hardness, antireflective, anti fogging, anti fouling, light filtering treatments, etc.).

[0051] At least one embodiment is directed to providing a spectacle lens for myopia control made by a freeform process that includes at least one of a machining step of a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable fordelivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth) and at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval. In embodiments, the relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval may be the change in peak elevation or convexity (or depression or concavity) of an optical element over its diameter or width or angular meridian having its highest elevation (or depression) relative to the surface of an adjacent space within the array. In embodiments, an optical element may have only one peak elevation for the purpose of calculating the surface elevation change per mm metric (e.g., if an optical element has 2 peaks then the metric may be determined from the highest or most elevated peak and if an element has an elevated peak and a depressed peak, then the metric may also be calculated for the greater of the two - the highest or deepest peak).

[0052] In one embodiment, the operational steps of a process for manufacturing a fully finished freeform spectacle lens for myopia control may include, firstly, determining one or more of the prescription, ocular characteristics, fitting information, and / or personalization data of the wearer. For example, a patient might be identified as a 7 year old female having a spherical refractive error of -1.0 D. Collected family history of the patient indicates that both parents of the patient are college graduates and myopic, and that the patient is enrolled in a private school renowned for high academic standards (which may indicate that her curriculum will demand a relatively high amount of reading, among other things). The eyecare practitioner might recommend spectacles to correct the refractive error and source spectacle lenses from a nearby optical laboratory that specializes in manufacturing freeform lenses for myopia control but also sells fully finished molded lenses for myopia control. The eyecare practitioner may utilize themanufacturer’s myopia control calculator to identify the probability of the child’s myopia progressing more than -0.75 D over the next year and determine the probability is high at almost 80% by using e.g., Table 1, shown below:TABLE 1. EXAMPLE NOMOGRAM USED TO IDENTIFY THE PROBABILITY OF MYOPIA PROGRESSION BASED ON AGE AND SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT REFRACTIVE ERROR OF A CHILD OR ASIAN ETHNICITY

[0053] Based on these various factors, the eyecare practitioner may recommend a myopia control spectacle lens for the child and chooses between fitting the patient with either the fully finished ‘off the shelf5molded lens or with a freeform lens for myopia control. The practitioner may be aware that the ‘off the shelf5molded lens has adequate clinical results as indicated by, for example, a study in which a group of 50 myopic children aged 8 -12 years (average age 10) having an average refractive error of -2.0 D were treated with a molded lens over one year and experienced 40% less axial eye length growth compared to treatment with a single vision control spectacle lens. The moldedlens used in the clinical study had fixed design parameters including a central optic zone of 9.0 mm diameter and an array of concentric ring optical elements molded across the front surface of the lens periphery, which was 0.5 mm wide and averaged +3.8 D greater power than the base power. The ring optical elements were spaced apart by rings of 0.5 mm of base distance refraction power. The fill factor of the ring optical elements over the peripheral array was 50%. The molded lens was available only in 1.6 refractive index material with a hard coating to limit scratching during use but did not have an antireflection coating or other tinting options available. While the molded lens demonstrated adequate control of the myopia progression in the clinical study, on average, the practitioner may conclude that, on average, the molded lens may not provide an adequate optical signal for this individual child given her high probability for myopia progression (about 80%). For example, by inputting the average age (10) and spherical equivalent refractive error (-2.0 D) of the clinical study population into Table 1 (shown above), the probability for myopia progression returned is much less for the current patient at only about 45%:AFully molded myopia control spectacle lenses 1.6 indexTABLE 2. EXAMPLE MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTIONSAND VISION SATISFACTION DATA OBTAINED WITH EXAMPLE MYOPIA CONTROL SPECTACLE LENSES MANUFACTURED BY FREEFORM PROCESSES WITH OPEN RING TYPE OPTICAL ELEMENTS AND LENS DESIGN PARAMETERS

[0054] Therefore, the eyecare practitioner may opt to instead fit the child with a freeform spectacle lens from the optical lab that would enable the myopia control lens design to be personalized for the child with a high probability of experiencing a large increase in myopia progression. Furthermore, the practitioner may choose to select the myopia control lens manufactured by freeform processes so that the lens can be personalized for the child by the optical laboratory according to the operational steps shown in Figure 1. Accordingly, the practitioner may provide the manufacturer with one or more of the child’s prescription, eyeglass fitting, and personalization data including but not limited to the prescription (i.e., refractive error correction), the age, the child’s selected eyeglass frame shape, the frame measurements, the fitting measurements relative to the child’s anatomical and / or ocular characteristics (e.g., pupillary distances, pupil positions and vertex distances) and, possibly in conjunction with the manufacturer, the lens material chosen based on the affordability, base curve, blank dimensions, lens thickness, optical quality, suitability to freeform manufacturing processes, and / or compatibility with coating and / or tinting, etc. Because of their appearance and ease of wearing, the practitioner may determine that ring optical elements would be used for the child. Given the child’s information and the high probability of myopia progression of more than -0.75 D, the manufacturer may select the semi-finished lens blank as having the desired geometrical, optical, and material properties, and may subsequently determine the base prescription surface that is personalized to the child’s anatomical and ocular characteristics. The manufacturer may then use the fitting data (e.g., pupil size,pupil position, pantoscopic tilt, base curve, lens thickness, and / or vertex distance, etc.) to calculate the diameter of the central optical zone to determine the inner diameter of the peripheral optical zone while incorporating the array of optical elements. The diameter of the central optical zone may determine the field of view without visual interference from the optical elements during gaze (e.g., a primary gaze). The manufacturer may use the personal fitting data of the patient to provide a central optical zone diameter that may provide a controlled (e.g., constant) aperture size at the entrance pupil of the eye. The manufacturer may also determine the other design parameters of the ring optical elements that would require the surface geometry to be combined with the prescription (e.g., front and / or back) surface. The other design parameters may include the fill factor, ring widths, ring spacings, ring and spacing powers, and the relative surface elevation change per millimeter-interval required to deliver a sufficiently strong optical signal (e.g., defocus, image contrast, conflicting optical signal, contradictory optical signal, chromatic cues and / or modulation transfer function(e.g., a total area under the MTF curve over a spatial frequency range such as 0 -100 line pairs per millimeter or an area under the MTF curve for a portion of the spatial frequency range such as for a low e.g. < 20 line pairs / mm or a medium e.g. 20- 35 line pairs / mm or a high e.g. > 35 line pairs / mm spatial frequency range)) to the retinal receptors to slow the axial eye growth of the child. For example, Table 2 details embodiments of the myopia control spectacle lenses manufactured by freeform processes using ring type optical elements, including the design parameters and their simulated MTF values (e.g., area under the curve of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) over 0-100 line pairs per millimeter spatial frequencies). The MTF values presented herein may be generated through ray tracing simulations performed in the Zemax / OpticStudio software using the Liou and Brennan model eye, for example. The incident rays may be constrained to pass through thetreatment zone of the lens considering a pupil aperture of 5 mm diameter, ensuring that the MTF data is a representation of the retinal image quality attributed to the treatment region of the lens. As may be seen from the data, altering the lens design parameters within this sample range may alter the MTF values significantly between lenses. A manufacturer may elect to provide a subset of lens designs (e.g., in a kit and / or in a lens design software) that alter (e.g., in a stepwise manner) the MTF between successive lenses so that a sub group of lens designs - for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more lenses - may be used to cover the range of probabilities for myopia progression determined from a nomogram (e.g., as shown in Table 1).

[0055] Also shown in Table 2 are visual satisfaction data (e.g., for overall vision) from clinical studies of myopes wearing several of the myopia control spectacle lenses manufactured by freeform processes detailed in Table 2. The data shows the vision satisfaction may decrease as the area under the MTF value function decreases. In this example, vision satisfaction is a measure of the ease of wearability of a myopia control spectacle lens and, in certain embodiments, it may be desirable for the effectiveness of the myopia control spectacles that children wear the lenses throughout the day. However, if the optical signal delivered to the retinal receptors is too strong (i.e., the area under the MTF curve is too low) then the image quality may be reduced to a point the child is unable to easily wear the lenses for many hours during the day. Therefore, the vision satisfaction data in Table 2 may be used to avoid lens design parameter combinations that are too strong and / or establish upper limits of the wearable optical signal strength (e.g., lower limits of the area under the MTF curve) that may be assigned to myopic children at high risk of progression (e.g., of -0.75 D or more). Conversely, the vision satisfaction data in Table 2 may also and / or alternatively be used to avoid lens design parameter combinations that are too weak and / or establish lower limits of thewearable optical signal strength (e.g., upper limits of the area under the MTF curve) that may be assigned to myopic children at low or moderate probabilities for progression (e.g., of -0.75 D or more).

[0056] With the back (and / or front) surface defined for correcting the vision correction prescription of the child and the plurality of ring optical elements assigned, the next step of the lens manufacturing process may be to calculate the geometry of the back surface wherein, for example, surface coordinates may be defined such that, during freeform manufacturing, the machining and polishing steps ensure the relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval remains on the fully finished spectacle lens. Thus, according to some embodiments, the fully finished personalized freeform manufactured lens may be ready for further processing (e.g., coating, tinting, and / or marking, etc.) before resizing the lens to the geometry of the eyeglass frame ready for the patient to wear. While this embodiment describes a stepwise approach to implementing the operational steps to manufacturing the fully finished freeform lens, one or more steps may be conducted simultaneously and / or be programmed in an algorithm embedded into a software engine or machine code for automation, thereby potentially enhancing efficiency and / or to increasing the speed of operation.

[0057] In another embodiment, the operational steps of a process for manufacturing a fully finished freeform spectacle lens for myopia control may include, firstly, determining the prescription, ocular characteristics, and / or personalization data of the wearer. For example, for a 7 year old female patient identified as having a spherical refractive error of -1.0 D, the eyecare practitioner may recommend spectacles to correct the refractive error and source spectacle lenses from an optical laboratory that specializes in manufacturing freeform lenses for myopia control while also selling fully finished molded lenses for myopia control. The eyecare practitioner may utilize themanufacturer’s myopia control calculator to identify the probability of the child’s myopia progressing more than -0.75 D over the next year and, using Table 1, may determine that the probability is high at almost 80%. The eyecare practitioner may recommend a myopia control spectacle lens for the child and, in this embodiment, may choose to fit the fully finished ‘off the shelf molded lens, which may be available in two or more different parameter options (e.g., molded lens 1 (ML1) and molded lens 2 (ML2)) or the practitioner may select the personalized freeform lenses for myopia control. The practitioner may be aware that both fully molded lenses have adequate clinical results as indicated by, for example, a study in which each were fitted to a group of 50 myopic children aged 8 -12 years (average age 10) having an average refractive error of -2.0 D, and ML1 and ML2 provided 40% and 45% less axial eye length growth, respectively, over one year compared to the single vision control spectacle lens. The ML 1 and ML2 fully finished molded lens designs used in the clinical study had fixed design parameters including central optic zones of 9.0 mm and 7.0 mm diameters, respectively, and arrays of concentric ring optical elements molded across the front surfaces of the lens peripheries, which were each 0.5 mm wide and with mean powers +3.8 D and +4.6 D greater than their base powers, respectively. The ring optical elements were spaced apart by rings of 0.5 mm of base distance refraction power. The fill factor of the ring optical elements over the peripheral array were the same for ML1 and ML2 at 50% and, despite different central zone sizes, each differed by less than 1% over a 65 mm lens size. Both of the molded lenses were available only in 1.6 refractive index material with a hard coating to limit scratching during use, but neither offered an antireflection coating or other tinting options. While both the ML1 and ML2 molded lenses may demonstrate adequate control of the myopia progression in the clinical study, the practitioner may conclude that on average, neither of the molded lenses are personalizedto the child’s personal data and therefore may not provide an adequate optical signal for this individual child given her high probability for myopia progression (about 80%). As may be seen in Table 2, even though the ML2 lens had a smaller diameter central optical zone than the ML1 lens by 2.0 mm and a higher powered ring element than the ML1 lens by +0.8 D, the parameter differences between the fully molded lenses may not result in a sufficiently stronger optical signal (as indicated by the area under the MTF curve over 0 - 100 line pairs per millimeter simulated for the ML1 and ML2 designs (48 vs 35, respectively)) for a child with a high probability for experiencing significant myopia progression in the next year. Therefore, the eyecare practitioner may opt to fit the child with a freeform spectacle lens from the optical lab that would enable the myopia control lens design to be personalized for the child. The practitioner may choose to select the myopia control lens manufactured by freeform processes so that the lens can be personalized for the child by the optical laboratory according to the operational steps shown in e.g., Figure 1. Accordingly, the practitioner may provide the manufacturer with one or more of the child’s prescription, eyeglass fitting, and / or personalization data, including but not limited to the following: the prescription (e.g., refractive error correction), the age, the child’s selected eyeglass frame shape, the frame measurements, the fitting measurements relative to the child’s anatomical and / or ocular characteristics (e.g., pupillary distances, pupil positions, vertex distances, etc.) and, possibly in conjunction with the manufacturer, the lens material, which may be chosen based on further information including affordability, base curve, blank dimensions, lens thickness, optical quality, suitability to freeform manufacturing processes, and / or compatibility with coating and / or tinting, etc. Because of their appearance and ease of wearing, the practitioner prescribed the use of ring optical elements for the child. Given the child’s information and the child’s high probability of developing myopia exceeding -0.75 D,the manufacturer may select a semi-finished lens blank having the desired geometrical, optical, and / or material properties and may determine the base prescription surface to be used including its personalization to the child’s anatomical and / or ocular characteristics. The manufacturer may then use the fitting data (e.g., pupil size, pupil position, pantoscopic tilt, base curve, lens thickness, and / or vertex distance, etc.) to calculate the diameter of the central optical zone and / or the inner diameter of the peripheral optical zone, which may incorporate an array of optical elements. The extent of the central optical zone may determine the field of view without visual interference from the optical elements during gaze (e.g., a primary gaze). The manufacturer may use the personal fitting data to determine a central optical zone diameter that may provide control of the optic zone size at the entrance pupil. The manufacturer may then determine the other design parameters of the ring optical elements that would be combined with the prescription (e.g., back) surface to define an overall surface geometry. Other design parameters may include the fill factor, ring widths, ring spacings, ring and spacing powers, and / or other parameters that may be required to deliver a sufficiently strong optical signal (e.g., defocus, image contrast, conflicting optical signal, contradictory optical signal, chromatic cues and / or modulation transfer function, etc.) to retinal receptors to slow the axial eye growth of the child. In this embodiment, for example, the lens design parameters and / or MTF of the personalized freeform lens manufactured for the 7 year old girl would be consistent with the ring widths, spacings between rings, fill factors, and / or optical element powers selected for the highest risk category (e.g., lens designs 11-13 of Table 2). Lens 11, for example, provides an optical signal (e.g., an area under the MTF curve of 25) that is substantially greater than the ML1 lens (48) or the ML2 lens (35). The design parameters of Lens 11 include, at least according to some embodiments, a 9.0 mm optical zone, a ring optical element mean power of +5.0 Dgreater than the refractive error correction. The ring optical elements have a 0.7 mm width and are spaced apart by 0.5 mm, resulting in a fill factor of 58% while maintaining a desired relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval. Therefore, according to some embodiments, Lens 11 may deliver a substantial and / or strong optical signal to the retinal receptors of a high risk child and may slow axial eye growth to a greater degree while remaining within the limits of wearability.

[0058] With a back (and / or front) surface defined for the vision correction prescription and the plurality of ring optical elements assigned, the next step of the manufacturing process may be to calculate the geometry of the back surface wherein, for example, surface coordinates may be defined such that, during freeform manufacturing, the machining and / or polishing steps ensure the relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval remains on the fully finished spectacle lens. Thus, according to some embodiments, the fully finished personalized freeform manufactured lens may be ready for further processing (e.g., coating, tinting, marking, etc.) before resizing the lens to the geometry of the eyeglass frame ready for the patient to wear. While this embodiment describes a stepwise approach to implementing the operational steps to manufacturing the fully finished freeform lens, one or more steps may be conducted simultaneously and / or be programmed in an algorithm embedded into a software engine or machine code for automation, thereby potentially enhancing efficiency and / or increasing the speed of operation.

[0059] Figure 2 A shows a plan view looking at the back surface of such a myopia control spectacle lens manufactured using a freeform process, according to at least one embodiment. The spectacle lens 201 is uncut (e.g., has not been edged to fit an eyeglass frame selected by a wearer). The lens 201 has a back surface 210 that includes a prescription surface to correct, at least in part, the -2.0D myopic refractive error of the right eye of theprogressive myope and a patern of a plurality of optical elements effective for myopia control. The prescription surface may be located in a central optical zone 202 of 10 mm diameter, an inner optical zone 212 ending at 25 mm from the lens center and / or an outer zone 214. The patern of optical elements may be located in the inner zone 212 and may consist of, for example, a plurality e.g., 4 annular concentric rings 203, 205, 207 and 209 of 1.2 mm width and +3.0D additional power e.g. spherical equivalent power, than the myopic correction power of -2.0D e.g., +1.0D power, that alternate with the -2.0D prescription power located in the 1.0mm wide spaces (204, 206, 208) between the optical elements. The outer zone 214 may contain the prescription surface only or may be decreased in size to contain any other features, including increasing the inner zone 212 dimension to include more optical elements. The overall diameter of the uncut fully finished lens 201 may be 70 mm or any other size required to fit the lens into the eyeglass frame. As illustrated in Figure 2A, the zones 204, 206 and 208 of the lens in the array spaces with no optical elements are the at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature and / or power different to the surface curvature of the optical elements 203, 205, 207, 209 and / or the center zone 202 and / or the peripheral zone 214 outside the array or may provide a spherical equivalent power to correct the refractive error, at least in part, or may be an astigmatic power e.g. having a maximum power in one meridian and a minimum power in a second meridian for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and may, for example, have an axis perpendicular to a cross section of the optical elements. The inner zone 212 contains the plurality of optical elements 203, 205, 207, 209 of 1.2mm width and +3.0D power (e.g., spherical equivalent power) greater than the myopic correction power and may be suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth) and at least one of the pluralities of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion ofthe prescription surface over a comparable interval e.g. peak elevation of the optical element203 is about 650 nm. Figure 2B is a limited and enlarged cross-section of Figure 2A.

[0060] Figure 3A shows a limited cross-sectional view of portions of the central optical zone 202 and inner optical zone 212 of an exemplary spectacle lens for myopia control from Figure 2 comprising a prescription surface and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween manufactured by freeform processes. As illustrated, the inner zone 212 comprises the optical elements 203, 205, 207 that are configured as dome shaped surface elevations in cross sections of the concentric annular ring optical elements of +3.0D power (e.g., spherical equivalent power) shown in Figure 2B. Their widths are 2031, 2051 and 2071 and are formed by spherical curvatures and may be discontinuous from the prescription surface. In some embodiments the optical elements may be continuous with the prescription surface. For a material refractive index of 1.6 and lens thickness of 1.6 mm the sagittal height or surface elevation 2032 of the optical element from the projected extension of the -2.0D prescription surface 210 projected across the optical element 203 over its width 2031 may be approximately about 650 nm. Therefore, the optical element may have a surface elevation change per mm of about 542 nm / mm (650 nm over the 1.2 mm diameter of the optical element i.e. 650 nm 1.2 mm). In some embodiments, the optical elements may be depressions e.g., concavities into the lens surface.

[0061] In some embodiments, the optical elements may be any shape, width, spacing, length, and / or optical profde as described elsewhere in this disclosure. The space between the dome shaped cross sections 204, 206 and 208 are formed having a curvature and / or power different to the surface curvature of the prescription surface to correct the -2.0D myopic refractive error and have a width of 2041, 2061 (2081 not completely illustrated in cross section). In some embodiments, the spaces between the optical elements may, at least in part, be the prescription surface to correct the myopic refractive error and in other embodimentsthe surface curvature may be selected, at least in part, not to be the prescription surface and may have a curvature to provide another optical function e.g. a different power profde to the refractive error correction or a replicate of the optical element e.g., conjoined with the same or different optical element or infused with (merging of or overlapping of the same or different), additional (and different type) optical elements for myopia control or any other optical purpose of benefit to the wearer. In some embodiments, the spaces between the optical elements may, at least in part, provide a power profile (e.g., a spherical equivalent power profile) that corrects the myopic refractive error or also provides additional power(s) e.g., boundary power(s) formed at the boundary of the adjacent curvatures of a portion of an optical element and a portion of the curvature of the space adjacent to the optical element (e.g. a spherical equivalent power and / or an astigmatic power); a power formed by a portion of the curvature of a space between the optical elements that is not a boundary power (e.g. a spherical equivalent or astigmatic power or a power that varies in at least one or more meridians or a power difference between meridians (e.g. a maximum power meridian minus a minimum power meridian); and / or a conflicting optical signal) different to the power required to correct the myopic refractive error e.g., a cylinder power, a conflicting optical signal (e.g., at least one power that is different to the power to correct the myopic refractive error and the at least one of the plurality of optical elements for myopia control and thus form focal points and / or foci in different image planes). Figure 3B shows a plan view of the back surface of an exemplary spectacle lens for myopia control from Figure 2A comprising a prescription surface and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween manufactured by freeform processes. Figure 3C shows a limited plan view of the back. The power profile over one or more portions of the lens (e.g. the space between optical elements) may be measured by a power measurement device e.g. NIMO TR1504 (NIMO, Lambda-X, Belgium). The power value may be a spherical equivalent power, a cylindrical power, anastigmatic power, a power relative to another zone (e.g., a spherical equivalent add power or a cylindrical add power relative to e.g. another zone e.g., a center zone or the myopic refractive error correction power), or a meridional power or a power difference between meridians (e.g., a maximum power meridian minus a minimum power meridian over an area wholly within a zone). For example, using the NIMO power measurement instrument in radial mode where the power map may be acquired over an area scan e.g. a circular area scan just wholly within the space between optical elements e.g. in the lens 201 of Figure 2A the space 204 between optical elements 203 and 205 is 1 mm wide and so the area scanned for power measurement may be e.g. a circular area of 0.9 mm wide and the resultant power map has a maximum power meridian and a minimum power meridian and, in one embodiment, the power may be represented by the difference in power value between the maximum power meridian and the minimum power meridian. The principal power meridians may be regular (e.g., about 90 degrees apart) or may be irregular (e.g., principal meridians not 90 degrees apart). The average of principal meridians (e.g., the maximum and minimum powered meridians) may have an average spherical equivalent power relatively more positive or relatively more negative than the average spherical equivalent power to correct the myopic refractive error or relative to the base power or relative to the center zone power.

[0062] Figure 3C shows a surface of an exemplary spectacle lens for myopia control from Figure 2A comprising a portion of the prescription surface and a 2 ring shaped optical elements manufactured by freeform processes. The spectacle lens illustrated in Figure 3C has a prescription surface to correct the myopic refractive error of -2.0D (Figure 2A) in the central optical zone 202 and at least one different power in the space 204 between the 2 ring shaped optical elements 203 and 205 each having a power e.g. spherical equivalent power, of 3.0D more positive power than the -2.0D myopic refractive error correction power.

[0063] In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more optical elements may create a change in lens thickness (e.g., make the lens thicker or thinner), and / or a peak surface (radial) height change from an adjacent portion of a freeform base surface and / or space surface, and / or a relative surface elevation change from an adjacent portion of a freeform base surface and / or space per millimeter interval.

[0064] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of optical elements on the freeform surface (e.g., on the back surface of the lens) results in a change in thickness (e.g. its thicker or thinner) of the spectacle lens relative to an adjacent portion of the freeform surface without an optical element. In some embodiments, the change in thickness may be between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

[0065] In some embodiments, at least one of a plurality of the optical elements on the freeform surface (e.g., on the back surface of the lens) results in a change in peak surface height (e.g., increased or decreased) of the spectacle lens relative to an adjacent portion of the freeform surface without an optical element. In some embodiments, the change in peak surface height may be between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

[0066] In some embodiments, the spaces between the optical elements may also have a relative surface elevation relative to the base curve (e.g., a central zone or clear optical zone). As a result of the freeform process, in some embodiments, the spaces 204, 206, and 208 may have a negative surface elevation (e.g., the region of the lens may be depressed) by about -10 nm to -400 nm (e.g., -5, -1, -2, -10, -20, -30, -40, -50, -75, -100, -125, -150, -175, - 200, -250, -300, -400, -500, -600, -700, -800,-900, -1000, -1250, -1500, -2000 nm).

[0067] In the example shown in Figure 3A spectacle lens, the central optical zone 202 has a diameter of 10 mm, the 2 optical elements 203 and 205 are both 1.2 mm wide and the space between them 204 has a width of 1.0 mm. The optical elements have a surface elevation change over the 1.2 mm width of the optical elements at D and E of about 650 nm and thus have a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of about 542 nm / mm (as drawn in Figure 3A as label 2032 and 2052 over widths of 2031 and 2051 for the first and second ring shaped optical elements 203 and 205). Referring to central optical zone 202 shown in Figure 3C, the lens 201 has a geometrical center marked by a cross located at 302 and also drawn are 3 circular regions 304, 305 and 306 of 3 mm diameter with each circular region inclusive of the geometrical center 302. Also shown are 3 line intervals A, B and C oriented vertically, horizontally and obliquely located within the circular region 303. The relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of the prescription surface located within a portion of the central optical zone 202, e.g. within the circular 3 mm region 303, and along a horizontal interval B may be determined as about 0 nm / mm or about < 50 nm / mm (e.g., about 40 nm / mm 30 nm / mm, 25 nm / mm, 20 nm / mm, 15 nm / mm, 10 nm / mm or less). The surface elevation per millimeter over a portion of the prescription surface may be calculated in any one of several circular regions up to 3 mm in diameter and enclosing the geometrical or optical center of the lens in the center zone 202 e.g. circular regions 303, 304 or 305 or in the spaces 204 between optical elements over a linear interval of 0.5 - 2 mm in any orientation that excludes an optical element or portion of an optical element. As may occur in the manufacturing process, the surface elevation change per mm may reflect the general shape of the lens surface and may exclude non optical design features e.g. surface scratches, swirls or abrasions or , manufacturing defects e.g. surface waviness, laser markings, fitting marks, identification markings or any other non-surface curvature features; the central 1-2 mm of the lens center may be prone to manufacturing defects e.g., surfacedefects such as central bumps or depressions from machining and / or polishing steps. According to the methods and measurements described the spectacle lens for myopia control 201 manufactured by freeform processes and methods according to the disclosures herein provide a lens surface with at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a prescription surface to correct the -2.0D refractive error of the progressive myope and at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth and wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval. In embodiments, the prescription surface may refer to the surface produced by freeform processes (e.g., the back surface) and is sometimes referred to as the base surface and at least a portion has a curvature to complete the refractive error correction; portions of the prescription surface or base surface may not have a curvature that corrects the refractive error (e.g., in the center zone and / or the space between optical elements).

[0068] In some embodiments, at least one of a plurality of the optical elements may have a relative surface elevation change per mm interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface (e.g., in the center zone and / or in the space between optical elements) over a comparable interval of between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers per millimeter. For example, in an embodiment the optical element may be an annular ring optical element of 1.0 mm diameter with a peak height from a base surface (relative surface elevation) of 1000 nm. In this case, the optical element may have a peak height from a base surface (surface elevation) change per mm of 1000 nm per mm. In another embodiment, the optical element may be an annular ring optical element of 0.2 mm diameter with a peakheight from a base surface (relative surface elevation) of 1000 nm and therefore may have a peak height from a base surface (relative surface elevation) change per mm of 5000 nm per mm (calculated as 1000 nm / 0.2 mm). In embodiments, the relative surface elevation change per mm interval may be about 50, 100, 250, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 or 5000 nm / mm.

[0069] In some embodiments, the spectacle lens for myopia control may include at least one surface formed by freeform processes (e.g., a back surface) and the surface having at least a portion (e.g. an array) containing a plurality of optical elements (e.g., rings or lenslets) for myopia control and a plurality of spaces therebetween. In some embodiments, for example, to optimize the desired relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g. for narrow widths and high powered optical elements) the power of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be different e.g. substantially larger or substantially smaller, to the base power and / or the power to correct the myopic refractive error. In some embodiments, the at least one of the plurality of spaces between the optical elements may have a maximum and / or minimum and / or difference between the maximum and minimum power in the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements different to the maximum and / or minimum power of the central optical zone and / or the power of the spectacle lens required to correct the myopic refractive error. In some embodiments, a maximum power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements that differs from the minimum power in the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements by at least 0.1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D, 4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more. In some embodiments, a difference between the maximum and minimum power in the at least one portion of the atleast one of the plurality of optical elements may be greater than the maximum minus minimum power of the at least one portion of the at least one of the plurality of spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements by at least 0.0 and more preferably by more than 0.1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.5 D, 4.0 D, 4.5 D, 5.0 D, 5.5 D, 6.0 D, 6.5 D, 7.0 D, 7.5 D, 8.0 D, 9.0 D, 10.0 D, 15.0 D, 20.0 D or more.

[0070] Figures 4A-4B illustrates a semi-finished lens blank and a counterpart fully finished lens wherein the resulting product of an ophthalmic lens manufacturing process incorporates myopia control optical lens design features. The manufacturing was carried out with a freeform process (e.g., on a back surface). Figure 4A shows a semi-finished lens blank including optical elements pre-formed (e.g., molded) on a spherical (alternatively, an aspherical, progressive, continuous, and / or discontinuous) base curve front surface and Figure 4B illustrates the related fully finished spectacle lens for myopia control following manufacturing of only the prescription surface by freeform processes. In some embodiments, an effective myopia control lens may be made by freeform processes but only when the optical elements are molded on the front surface and then the optical laboratory purchases a more expensive blank in a more limited and / or less desirable e.g. processing material and machines a prescription surface only on the back surface that does not have any surface elevation typical of an effective optical element for myopia control.

[0071] Figures 4C-4D illustrates a semi-finished lens blank and a counterpart fully finished lens wherein the resulting product of an ophthalmic lens manufacturing process did not result in myopia control (e.g., did not result in clinically effective myopia control, especially for faster growing eyes in Asian subjects), using a freeform manufacturing process. Figure iC shows a semi-finished lens blank including a spherical base curve pre-formed on a front surface and Figure 4D shows the related fully finished spectacle lens for myopia controlfollowing manufacturing of the prescription, e.g. back, surface that corrects the refractive error of the progressive myope and a progressive lens surface made by freeform processes and has no discrete optical elements with surface elevations. The spectacle lens may not be effective for myopia control.

[0072] Figures 4E-4F illustrates a semi-finished lens blank and a counterpart fully finished lens wherein the resulting product of an ophthalmic lens manufacturing process incorporates myopia control optical lens design features, according to at least one embodiment using the freeform manufacturing process shown in FIG. 1. Figure 4E shows a semi-fmished lens blank including a spherical base curve pre-formed (e.g., cast molded) on a front surface and Figure 4F shows die related fully finished spectacle lens for myopia control following manufacturing of the prescription, e.g. back, surface to correct the refractive error of the progressive myope and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween having a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of 700 nm per nun by freeform processes according to at least one embodiment. The spectacle lens may be effective tor myopia control.

[0073] FIG. 5 presents myopia control efficacy data from clinical trials on children for several myopia control spectacle lenses incorporating several optical lens designs. In particular, the results illustrated are from 12-month clinical trials on Asian eyes determining the effectiveness of fully finished spectacle lenses used for myopia control.

[0074] As illustrated, the most efficacious spectacle lenses included a plurality of optical elements (lenslets) on the front surface and formed by molding providing a plurality of myopic defoci. The Myovision (Zeiss, Germany) spectacle lens did not produce a clinically significant myopia control over the 12-month wear. The Myo vision spectacle lens included a progressive lens surface providing peripheral myopic defocus and was manufactured by a freeform process. The freeform surface did not include optical elementshaving relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than the prescription surface.

[0075] FIGS. 6 A and 6B illustrate exemplary patterns of a plurality of optical elements incorporated in a prescription lens surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control made by freeform systems and / or processes. More particularly, FIG 6A illustrates example patterns of arrays incorporating a plurality of optical elements and spaces therebetween manufactured on the prescription, e.g. back, surface and having a relative surface elevation change per millimeter effective for myopia control and made by freeform processes according to methods described herein including annular (e.g. full or partial or segment) optical elements and spaces therebetween. Each space and / or ring may have the same and / or different powers and / or the power of the spaces may be the same and / or different than the center zone power (e.g. power to correct the myopic refractive error). Figure 6B illustrates example patterns of arrays incorporating a plurality of lenslet optical elements and spaces therebetween manufactured on the prescription, e.g. back, surface and having a surface elevation change per millimeter effective for myopia control and made by freeform processes according to methods described herein. Each space and / or each lenslet may have the same and / or different powers and / or the power of the spaces may be the same and / or different (e.g., relatively more positive or negative mean power or relatively more or less cylindrical) than the center zone power (e.g. power to correct the myopic refractive error). In some embodiments, the optical elements may be lenslets (spaced apart and / or conjoined), rings (concentric, alternating, conjoined, full, partial, and / or segments), patches (geometrical shaped and / or contoured optical elements), dots (light scattering elements with and without refractive properties), or non-dots (light scattering elements with and without refractive properties). In some embodiments, the optical function of the one or more optical elementsmay be spherical, aspherical, astigmatic, higher order aberrations, axicons, symmetrical, asymmetrical, rotationally symmetrical, rotationally asymmetrical, etc.

[0076] At least one embodiment is directed to spectacle lenses for myopia control made by a freeform process and methods that includes at least one of a machining step of a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor and that includes at least one of a machining step and / or a polishing step of a substantially formed, or fully formed (e.g., fully formed but not fully finished / polished), lens surface having at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of a prescription of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, or stop, myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth) and at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval and is optically transparent.

[0077] At least one embodiment is directed to a method for manufacturing a spectacle lens comprising at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of a wearer and another surface comprising a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression (e.g., axial eye growth) and at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval (e.g., where only a prescription surface is present) and is optically transparent (see, e.g., FIG. 3C). In some embodiments, the method may inchide one or more of the following steps:1 manufacturing a fully formed spectacle lens from an unfinished blank, semi-finished blank, and / or intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor by designing at least one lens surface (e.g., a prescription surface of the lens including any wearer personalization data), and further incorporating a pattern of a plurality of optical elements on the surface that may be effective for myopia control, for example, as a plurality of extra thicknesses or thinnesses (i.e., elevations and / or depressions from and / or into the prescription surface);2 determining the surface geometry;3. compensating the surface geometry by a factor based on the surface curvature changes and / or power changes of the machining and polishing of the prescription, optical element pattern in the chosen lens material;4. digitizing the lens surface;5. uploading the digitized surface to the machines;6. forming the lens surface by machining the target spectacle lens from the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor, the machining being carried out in a predetermined sequence, of at least one step, the predetermined sequence allowing the extra thicknesses and / or thinnesses to be added and / or subtracted relative to the lens surface determined to correct the refractive error of the wearer; and7. determining manufacturing settings for the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor in which the extra thicknesses or thinnesses is determined depending on the predetermined sequence defined in the manufacturing step. In at least one embodiment, the manufacturing method may be based on a combination of at least two manufacturing steps.

[0078] For example, a lens designing and digitizing of the lens surface, and a subtractive manufacturing step. The subtractive manufacturing step may be a machining stepusing a roughing or grinding tool to remove excess material from the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor and / or a finer finishing diamond tool to fully form, or substantially fully form, the target geometry of the lens surface. This may be implemented depending on the predetermined sequence of the at least one machining step, the sequence being taken into account when determining the manufacturing settings of the machining of the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor, and at least one polishing step to fully form the lens surface geometry. The finished lens surface may comprise at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression. At least one of the plurality of optical elements may have a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval and is optically transparent.

[0079] Several manufacturing techniques may be used to meet the objective of one or more disclosed embodiments, including manufacturing machines that remove lens material from the ophthalmic lens precursors, semi-finished blanks, and / or lens blanks by generators or roughing tools or diamond tools mounted in surface turning machines. For example, cutting machines and / or polishing machines manufactured by Satisloh (e.g. Multi-FLEX-2 digital lens polisher), Zeiss, Hoya, Cobum, Schneider, Optimax VIBE and the like, and / or the non-contact methods includes continuous wave laser polishing, e.g. as described by AxiLens, and / or microblasting and manufacturing machines that add material to a lens surface (e.g., inkjet printers and / or 3D printers). In some embodiments, at least one compensation factor may be utilized to implement a freeform process to produce the surface elevations of the optical elements and / or spaces therebetween to the desired parameters (e.g., surface elevation per mm and / or powers). For example, by experimentation with optical labs freeformprocesses and methods including, machining tools, machines and techniques and polishing methods and processes, at least one compensation factor may be derived for particular lens materials and surfaces containing the optical elements in order to process the fully finished lens with the desired final geometry and lens powers and optical element (and spaces therebetween) powers (e.g., the relationship between the pre-machined target geometry and the actual geometry machined and then the geometry of the pre-polished surface and the post polished surface). For example, in some embodiments, the relationship may be 1: 1 or may be less than 1 : 1 or greater than 1 : 1 (most likely). For example, a pre-polished surface may need to be cut 2X greater in dimensions (e.g., power or sagittal depth of the optical elements or power of the prescription surface or diameters of the elements or powers of the space therebetween) than what is desired in the post polished surface in order to fulfill the prescription and myopia needs of the wearer. In some embodiments, the ratio may be at least 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.75, 1.5, 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5 or higher. This factor may be further compensated based on the blank material properties e.g., refractive index and / or hardness. In some embodiments, the compensation factor may differ for dimensions (e.g., 1.5) than power (e.g., 1.5) and sagittal height (e.g. 1.25) and for different prescriptions or for different base curves (e.g., front surfaces of blanks or back surfaces of blanks) or for different optical element patterns and / or types and / or shapes or for different materials or for different machining and / or polishing instruments, techniques, steps and / or processing tools, pads, liquids, materials etc. This may be particularly relevant when the pre-polished power of the optical elements are not equal to the post polished power of the elements.

[0080] In some embodiments, the polishing manufacturing step may fully finish a surface of an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor. The fully finished lens surface may comprise at least one or more optical functions including a prescription surface that may be personalized for the wearer and a pattern of myopia control optical elements and spacestherebetween with the optical elements having a desired surface elevation and / or depression and providing at least part of the optical function that may also be tailored to the wearer and be effective for myopia control.

[0081] In some embodiments, the spectacle lens may have one or more of the following properties: a desired peak to valley dimension, surface roughness quality, local surface roughness, local peak to peak valley dimension and lens transparency and lens haze that may be characterized by lens metrology metrics to ensure at least one or more optical functions including a pattern of myopia control optical elements and spaces therebetween may be incorporated in the final fully finished lens surface.

[0082] In some embodiments, a surface roughness post polishing may be greater for a freeformed surface containing myopia control optical elements and spacings. In some embodiments, the surface roughness may be greater than, for example, a myopia control lens without optical elements and / or a molded myopia control spectacle lens surface that may contain optical elements and / or other portions e.g. a front surface and / or a center zone (e.g. without optical elements) of the surface manufactured by freeform process and having at least one of a plurality of optical elements. For example, in some embodiments, surface roughness may be expressed as Rtm and / or Ra values (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,632,668 to Lindholm describing a contact profilometer e.g., Perthen MP4 Profilometer using 0.005 mm radius tip and a measuring stroke of 8 mm and a laser profilometer available from UBM Corporation, Roselle, New Jersey). See also, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2015 / 0321231 Al to Muisener et al describing surface and material properties of spectacle lenses. The entire contents of U.S. Patent No. 5,632,668 and U.S. Patent Application No. 2015 / 0321231 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the resulting lens may have a haze value of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0,09, 0.1, 0.11. 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20,0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28,0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.0, or higher.

[0083] In some embodiments, a surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control wherein the surface contains at least one optical element for myopia control and a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween) may have a surface roughness e.g. Rtm range (in microns) greater than about 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14. 0.16. 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24. 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60. 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 or higher. In embodiments, Rtm may be determined as the average of 5 individual roughness depths (vertical distance between the highest and lowest points in the measuring length) of 5 successive measurement lengths within an optically relevant diameter of the lens e.g. within 10 mm from the lens center, excluding any branding or lens identification markings or surface defects e.g. scratches or machining defects.

[0084] In some embodiments, a freeform surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control wherein the freeform surface contains at least one optical element for myopia control and has a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements) may have a surface roughness e.g. Ra (in nanometers) greater than 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and higher. In embodiments, Ra may be the average of the height departures of the surface roughness profile from the mean line.

[0085] Some embodiments may relate to a spectacle lens for myopia control wherein the spectacle lens contains at least one surface having a plurality of optical elements for myopia control and has a portion of a lens surface (e.g., a back surface) that is formed at least in part by a freeform process and another portion formed by non-freeform processes (e.g., a front surface). In some embodiments, the freeform surface containing at least one of aplurality of optical elements for myopia control may have a surface roughness greater than the surface roughness of the non freeformed surface portion. In some embodiments, the ratio of the surface roughness of a portion of a freeformed lens surface (e.g. a portion of the surface containing the at least one of the plurality of optical elements or at least one of the plurality of spaces between the optical elements or of the central optical zone) to the surface roughness of a non-freeformed portion of the spectacle lens e.g. a molded portion or a front surface portion, or a central optical zone portion is greater than about 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 or more.

[0086] In some embodiments, a base curve selection (e.g., a curvature on the front surface) may be selected to be flatter to reduce optical element array visibility. For example, in some embodiments, a flatter base curve (e.g., a + 0.3 D base curvature) may result in the optical elements being less visible as compared to steeper (e.g., > 1 D) for a constant back surface curvature (e.g., a back surface curvature of -5.4 D). In some embodiments, the base curve value of at least one surface of the freeformed spectacle lens not containing an array of the myopia control optical elements may be less than 5 D, 4 D, 3 D, 2 D or 1.5 D or 1.0 D or 0.5 D or may be planar or less, and / or the freeformed surface of the spectacle lens may have a curvature that is not constant across the power range and / or the delta in curvature between the base curve (e.g., front surface) and the freeformed lens surface (e.g., back surface) across the power range may be greater than 1 D or 2 D or 3 D or 4 D or 5 D or 6 D or 7 D or more. In some embodiments, the base curve may be less than 2.0 D (e.g., less than 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.0, -0.1, -0.2 D). In some embodiments, the front surface to back surface curvature ratio may be more positive than - 0.4 across the power range (e.g., -0.39, -0.38, -0.37, -0.36, -0.35, -0.34, -0.33, -0.32, -0.31, - 0.30-0.29, -0.28, -0.27, -0.26, -0.25, -0.24, -0.23, -0.22, -0.21, -0.20, -0.19, -0.18, -0.16, - 0.14, -0.12, -0.10, -0.08, -0.06, -0.04, -0.02, 0.0, +0.05, +0.1, +0.2 or greater).

[0087] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the finished spectacle lens center thickness to peripheral thickness (e.g., defined as a half chord distance from the lens center to a location within the array of the plurality of myopia control optical elements (e.g., 4mm or 5 mm or 6 mm or 7 mm or 8 mm or 9 or 10 mm from the lens center or at a location adjacent to the closest optical element of the array to the lens center or to the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11thclosest optical element where each of the 2nd-10thclosest element is further than its predecessor)) may be less than 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 or lower. In some embodiments, the thickness ratio and / or the lens thickness profile and / or base curve selection may provide an angle of the lens surface relative to incident light on the surface that may reflect light optimally to minimize / reduce the visibility of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements and spaces therebetween within the array.

[0088] The manufacturing method thus makes it possible to provide an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor comprising the target ophthalmic lens and one or more of the following on the lenses external surface: an extra thickness, the extra thickness being defined by taking into account optimized material removing capacities of the mechanism used for carrying out the subtractive manufacturing steps.

[0089] The combination of providing a lens surface having at least one optical function on a prescription surface (e.g., for correcting a refractive error of a wearer) and at least one other optical function for treating the refractive error (e.g. a pattern of at least one of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween having a desirable surface elevation per mm that may be effective for myopia control and optically transparent and of low haze, having a desired surface roughness, having desired optical element and / or spacing powers, and may be personalized to an individual wearer) may be desirable. The manufacturing methods described herein may advantageously allow a spectacle lens for myopia control to be manufactured conveniently in a wide range of lens materials, refractiveindices, predetermined post processing functionalization, customization for individual ocular characteristics, axial eye growth responses, and fitting characteristics having both the correct optical function, suitably adjusted to the needs of the wearer, having optical elements with a desirable surface elevation per mm that are highly effective for myopia control, optically transparent and / or personalized to an individual wearer for myopia control, to be obtained.

[0090] The term “optically transparent”, as used herein means a surface quality that makes it possible to guarantee that the degree of transmission of the ophthalmic lens, in the visible spectrum (380 / 700 nm), will be higher than 40 - 98% (e.g., 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65,70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and / or 98% , and its diffusion ratio lower than 1 - 10% and its haze value is 0.05 - 1.0 or higher.

[0091] The freeform manufacturing process, according to at least one embodiment, may be simple, easy and economical in the context of production of a wide diversity of optical functions (because of the personalization of the at least one optical functions, e.g., the prescription surface and / or the pattern of plurality of optical elements and / or the optical characteristics of the plurality of optical elements), requiring manufacturing processes that are rapid and / or flexible.

[0092] The predetermined sequence comprises at least one step selected from one or more of the following: a roughing step, a finishing step and a polishing step. The predetermined sequence may be chosen from roughing machining step carried out on the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor leading to an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor of reduced thickness (e.g., average thickness), followed by a finishing machining step carried out on the reduced thickness intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor leading to a fully formed, or substantially fully formed, lens surface having a reduced transparency to light of less than about 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, and / or lower followed by a polishing step carried out on the fully formed, or substantially fully formed,lens surface having a reduced transparency to light leading to the target lens surface curvature of the fully finished spectacle lens for myopia control.

[0093] At least one embodiment is directed to a system for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, including at least one additive, e.g., inkjet or 3D printing, or a thermoplastic filament extrusion process; and / or non-contact manufacturing step (pulsed or continuous wave laser or stereolithography, or mask projection stereolithography process or a selective laser melting or sintering process) in place of at least one and / or one or more manufacturing machining and / or polishing steps, in order to manufacture a spectacle lens for myopia control from a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor or a substantially formed, or fully formed, or fully finished lens surface having at least one surface with at least a portion having a curvature for the correction of the prescription of the wearer and a pattern of a plurality of optical elements suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow or stop myopia progression, e.g., axial eye growth and at least one of the plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval and is optically transparent. At least one embodiment is directed to a system for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, including at least one command / control unit provided with system elements configured to run a computer program comprising instructions configured to implement each of the steps of the processes described herein in this disclosure.A Examples

[0094] Al. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: machining a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form a surface of the spectacle lens with at least aportion of the surface comprising a curvature for the correction of the myopic prescription of the wearer; machining a pattern (e.g., as part of the first machining step) of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween on the surface of the spectacle lens suitable for delivering an effective optical signal and / or an effective optical signal based on a modulation transfer function value (e.g., a total area under the MTF curve over a spatial frequency range such as 0 -100 line pairs per millimeter or an area under the MTF curve for a portion of the spatial frequency range such as for a low e.g. < 20 line pairs / mm or a medium e.g. 20- 35 line pairs / mm or a high e.g. > 35 line pairs / mm spatial frequency range) to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth; and polishing the surface of the spectacle lens; wherein, after polishing the spectacle lens, at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval (e.g., relative projection of the prescription surface adjacent to the element).

[0095] A2. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the surface of the lens may be either a back surface of the spectacle lens and / or a front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0096] A3. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be formed on a back and / or the front surface of the lens.

[0097] A4. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may have a relatively more positive power or a relatively more negative power than the prescription power, the base power, space power, or combinations thereof.

[0098] A5. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be refractive and / or non-refractive.

[0099] A6. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical function (e.g., power) and / or the surface curvature of the at least one of the plurality of optical element may differ from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

[0100] A7. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical function of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be described by a power and / or at least one or more surface curvatures of the one or more optical elements, or by the one or more surface curvatures on the front or the back surface.

[0101] A8. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be relatively raised and / or recessed from a portion of the prescription surface curvature (e.g., at least one of from the trajectory of the prescription surface or a local sagittal height difference between the most raised and / or recessed portion of the optical element) and / or the space surface.

[0102] A9. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be one or more of the following: lenslets, concentric rings (e.g. full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined or combinations thereof), non-concentric rings (e.g., full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, or combinations thereof), spiral, optical patches, dots, non-dots, other geometrical shapes, other optical contour elements, and combinations of geometrical shapes and / or optical contour elements.

[0103] A 10. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical, coaxial, noncoaxial, and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profde, shape, pattern, and spacings (e.g., center to center spacing or border to border spacing) of the plurality of optical elements) may be one or more of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetrical, or rotationally asymmetrical.

[0104] Al l. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the pattern (e.g., the array or the distribution or spacing of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements) maybe one or more of the following: square, rectangular, circular, non-circular, hexagonal, concentric rings (full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, spaced apart, random, controlled offsets, or combinations thereof), patches, other geometrical pattern, or combination of geometrical patterns.

[0105] A 12. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profde, shape, array, spacings, and / or distribution) and / or spaced therebetween may be one or more of the following: constant, cyclical, not constant, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

[0106] A13. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the surface curvatures in the space between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be raised, recessed, flatter, and / or steeper from a portion of the prescription surface curvature.

[0107] A 14. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical properties of the surface spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be at least in part one or more of the following: refractive, non-refractive, or combinations of refractive and non-refractive and / or may be continuous or discontinuous (e.g., as defined by a first derivative) and / or the junction of the surfaces between the prescription surface and an optical element may be blended or unblended (by a designed curvature or by a surface curvature not specified but formed by a machining or polishing step during manufacturing).

[0108] A15. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the surface curvatures(e.g., a curve or line) spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements provides an optical function (e.g. power or power profile) that may be one or more of the following: relatively more positive average,spherical, astigmatic power, or a relatively more negative average, spherical or astigmatic power than either the prescription power or the base power.

[0109] A 16. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape, spacings, and / or distribution) may be one of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetric, or rotationally asymmetric.

[0110] A 17. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical function and / or the surface curvature of the at least one surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to at least one of the plurality of optical element may differ from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.[oni] Al 8. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical element, e.g., power profde, shape, spacings and / or distribution may be one or more of the following: constant, not constant, cyclical, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

[0112] A 19. The method of any of the A examples, wherein a portion of the prescription surface, including the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface curvature and / or power profde may be one or more of the following: spherical, aspherical, astigmatic, sphero-cylindrical, progressive, multifocal, coaxial, non-coaxial, higher order aberrations, irregularly astigmatic, and combinations thereof.

[0113] A20. The method of any of the A examples, wherein at least a portion of the prescription surface, including the at least one surface curvature spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and / or at least a portion of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface may undergo at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical and / or optical property.

[0114] A21. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical and / or optical property may be one or more of the following: material removal, surface roughness decrease, a shape modification, dimensional modification, surface elevation change, thickness change, a surface quality change, and lens optical quality change.

[0115] A22. The method of any of the A examples, wherein a surface quality change and / or lens optical quality change may be a change in one more of the following: transparency, refractive properties, power profile, higher order aberrations, light diffusability, light scattering, diffraction and combinations thereof.

[0116] A23. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process may be at least in part controlled by a mathematical function and / or a compensation factor that adjusts the lens surfaces to be machined and / or polished and / or treated at each or any step of the manufacturing process so that the desired lens surfaces and / or geometrical and / or optical properties of the final myopia control spectacle lens may be attained and / or wherein the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements machined on a lens surface does not equal the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements of a spectacle lens in its fully completed state.

[0117] A24. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process may be one or more of the following: the machining step using a cutting tool, a finishing cutting step using a diamond tool, and a polishing step.

[0118] A25. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the polishing step may be implemented by contact methods and / or non-contact methods.

[0119] A26. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the contact methods may include one or more of the following: soft polishing, hard polishing, and CNC polishing; and / or the non-contact methods includes continuous wave laser polishing.

[0120] A27. The method of any of the A examples, wherein at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process may include an additive manufacturing step, a thermal manufacturing step, a chemical manufacturing step introduced by suitable machinery and / or equipment, e.g., an inkjet printer, 3D printer, chemical etching, sputtering, direct laser writing, a continuous or pulse laser, and / or an attachment of a film incorporating one more of the features described herein or combinations thereof.

[0121] A28. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor may incorporate at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

[0122] A29. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor may incorporate at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

[0123] A30. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor may include at least one or more predetermined functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale,including, but not limited to, other optical elements, encapsulation of films with predetermined functions (e.g., a film with optical elements, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent), surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, antiscratching, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent, fitting marks, lens identification marks, (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)).

[0124] A31. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the spectacle lens incorporating at least one of the prescription surface and a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the myopia control optical elements may undergo at least one or more further processing steps in order to add other predetermined functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale (e.g., including but not limited to, other optical elements, surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, antifogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, marking (e.g., temporary or permanent fitting marks, lens identification marks (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)))).

[0125] A32. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens that is optically transparent and includes one or more of the following: a refractive index in the range from 1.3 to 2.0; a base curve between 0D and 20D; a prescription to correct the refractive error of the wearer in the range of + / -20D sphere and + / -15D cylinder; and a portion of the post polished lens surface that has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval defined as a measure of the peak to valley surface elevation or depression or sagittal height or depth from a portion of the base lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface not incorporating at least oneoptical element of at least lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500 nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, or 1700nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

[0126] A33. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where a portion of the post polished lens surface that has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval (to be calculated over an interval length that includes at least one optical element or a portion of an optical element over 1mm or less or 1.5mm or less) greater than the local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of the central optical zone including at least a portion of the prescription surface not incorporating at least one optical element by 30% or more (to be calculated from within any central region up to 5mm in diameter and including the optical and / or geometric center of the lens over an interval length of up to 1mm, or 2mm, or 3mm for spherical and aspherical and sphero-cylindrical and progressive lens surfaces along a horizontal and / or vertical and / or oblique meridian ).

[0127] A34. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface has at least one or more local maximum peak to sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface adjacent to the optical element or space to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of at least lOOnm, 150nm, 175nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500 nm, 600nm, 800nm, lOOOnm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, or 1700nm, 5000nm.

[0128] A35. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface has at least one or more local maximum peak to sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation ordepression from a portion of the base lens surface to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of less than lOOnm, 150nm, 175nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500 nm, 600nm, 800nm, lOOOnm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, or 1700nm, 5000nm.

[0129] A36. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the rate of departure and / or deflection of the cutting tool path during a finishing machining step (e.g., the final machining step before a soft polishing step) is defined as the amplitude of the cutting tool deviation from a portion of the base surface lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface of at least 50nm / mm, lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm. 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

[0130] A37. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the finished post polished spectacle lens has a transparency to light of greater than 50% or 60% or 70% or 85% or 90% or more.

[0131] A38. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the fully formed, or substantially fully formed, spectacle lens from the machining step to the fully finished spectacle lens post polishing step undergoes a change (e.g., an increase in transparency to light, e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher).

[0132] A39. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens that provides cosmesis and / or lens wearabilityeffective to achieve lens wearing compliance of a minimum of 4 days per week and 8 hours per day.

[0133] A40. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to use at least one surface of a spectacle lens design that is digitized and is represented by at least one algorithm or surface description suitably coded to a machine cutting file that upon input of at least one parameter of a wearer (e.g., a prescription and / or a selected pattern of at least one of a plurality of optical elements and personalization parameters including, patient characteristics such as age, gender, axial length, efficacy prediction, frame size, fitting heights, wrap angle, vertex distance and ocular biometry such as pupil size, ocular aberrations, lens material etc.) calculates the geometry of the lens surfaces and the machining cutting paths and polishing parameters in a pre-determined sequence of steps to deliver a desired lens geometry and power profile.

[0134] A41. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to use a lens design kit for one or more ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor materials and that includes digitized geometrical lens surfaces represented by at least one algorithm or surface description that upon input of at least one personalization parameter of a wearer selected from: a probability of myopia progression; refractive errors in the range of + / -20D and + / -15DC; base curves in the range of 0 to 20D; optical element patterns, e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacings, optical function, optical power profile, and / or fill factor; central optical zone; lens material (e.g. refractive index); base lens design, eye (e.g., right eye or left eye); personalized lens and frame fitting and wearer characteristics and ocular characteristic parameters (e.g., pupil size and position, eye and head movement characteristics, ocular aberrations, prescription size (e.g., a spherical equivalent refractive error), age, vertex distance in various directions of gaze, frame characteristics (e.g., height and depth and width) and wrap parameters,pantascopic tilt); and sequence of lens design for a first wearing period, a second wearing period or a third wearing period or more.

[0135] A42. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may include at least one or more of the following steps: designing a plurality of lens surfaces and / or algorithm incorporating at least one of a prescription surface and at least one of a pattern of myopia control optical elements (e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacing, optical power profile) and / or compensation factors to adjust surface and / or power specifications to meet desired geometry and power specifications based on a lens material and / or optical properties and / or geometrical properties and / or wearer characteristics (e.g., surface hardness, a lens refractive index, a base curvature, a lens thickness, the size of a myopic refractive error, an intended wearer age, an intended wearer ethnicity, an intended wearer history, an intended were usage, an intended strength of myopia control, an intended wearer previous lens wearing experience, and an intended lens design series number to temporally vary a myopia control properties overtime); inputting at least one lens design surface parameters into the ophthalmic lens cutting machine compensated for lens geometry and power differences arising at each step; using the input lens design parameters representing the desired lens surfaces and converting into a at least one digitized lens surface; downloading the at least one digitized lens surface containing the prescription surface and the pattern of myopia control elements to an ophthalmic lens cutting machine; cutting a precursor ophthalmic lens, e.g., a blank or semifinished blank in at least one cutting step; polishing the post cut ophthalmic lens surface to alter the properties of the cut lens surface (e.g., by removing lens material (e.g., of at least 5nm to 5mm thickness)) and / or by increasing the transparency of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher) and / or by reducing the surface roughness (e.g., peak to valley height in at least a portion of the lens by 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, or more); altering thepolishing process to balance transparency, lens surface curvature, lens power profile, optical profile of the plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween (e.g., by varying polishing time, pressure, pad material properties, pad dimensions, pad motion (x, y, z theta), pad direction and speed, polishing compound or slurry (e.g., viscosity, particulates, water content)); and conducting metrology and optical characterization (e.g., measurements and imagery) of the lens surface (e.g., prescription surface and myopia control optical elements) to assess impact of process conditions and finalize the lens surface quality.

[0136] A43. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens that includes one or more of the following optical elements: transparency, refractive properties, power profile, diffusability, light scattering, diffraction that is optimized for myopia control during the polishing process.

[0137] A44. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the method may include at least one or more of the following processing steps: casting, injection molding, direct machining, embossing, etching, stamping, laser direct writing, continuous wave laser, pulsed laser, e.g., single photon, femtosecond, carbon dioxide, printing (e.g., an additive process such as inkjet or 3D printing).

[0138] A45. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the plurality of optical elements may be shaped as a circular element, ring, annular ring, partial annular ring, arc shaped element, triangular, or spiral or combinations thereof.

[0139] A46. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the plurality of optical elements may be a plurality of lenslets, one or more rings, opaque elements, non-refractive elements, defocus elements, aberrated elements, astigmatic elements, or a plurality of discrete elements.

[0140] A47. The method of any of the A examples, wherein at least one of the optical elements have a change in peak surface elevation of e.g., 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500,550, 600, 650 700, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000,4500, and / or 5000 nm / mm.

[0141] A48. The method of any of the A examples, wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements on the freeform surface (e.g., on the back surface of the lens) results in a peak surface elevation or sagittal height / depth (e.g. is depressed or raised) of the spectacle lens relative to an adjacent portion of the freeform surface without an optical element between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

[0142] A49. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the peak surface height of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

[0143] A50. The method of any of the A examples, wherein at least one of the spaces between the optical elements may also have a relative surface elevation relative to the base curve (e.g., a central zone or clear optical zone).

[0144] A51. The method of any of the A examples, wherein at least one of the spaces have a peak negative (depression) or peak positive (elevation)surface elevation (e.g., the region of the lens may be depressed) of about -10 nm to -400 nm (e.g., -5, -1, -2, -10, -20, - 30, -40, -50, -75, -100, -125, -150, -175, -200, -250, -300, -400, -500, -600, -700, -800,-900, - 1000, -1250, -1500, -2000 nm).

[0145] A52. The method of any of the A examples, wherein a maximum power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements differs from the minimum power in the at least one spaces between the atleast one of the plurality of optical elements by at least 0. 1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D, 4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more and / or wherein a mean power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements differs in mean power from the spherical equivalent distance refraction error correction and / or the mean power of the central optic zone by at least 0. 1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D, 4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more.

[0146] A53. The method of any of the A examples, wherein the resulting lens has a haze value of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0,09, 0.1, 0.11. 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28,0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.0, or higher.

[0147] A54. The method of any of the A examples, wherein a surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween) may have a surface roughness e.g. Rtm range (in microns) greater than about 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14. 0.16. 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24. 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60. 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 or higher.

[0148] A55. The method of any of the A examples, wherein a freeform surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and has a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements) has a surface roughness e.g. Ra (in nanometers) greater than 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and higher.B Examples

[0149] Bl. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: determining a prescription surface satisfactory for myopia correction of the wearer; determining a surface pattern for a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween for addition to at least a portion of the prescription surface; determining a target geometry of at least one surface of the spectacle lens based at least in part on the prescription surface and the surface pattern of the plurality of optical elements; determining a cutting path and / or polishing process parameters to compensate for the blank material removal and / or surface curvature changes of the freefrom process to achieve the target surface geometry and / or target power profile of the fully finished lens; machining and polishing a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form the at least one surface of the spectacle lens with at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a prescription surface and at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a pattern of a plurality of optical elements; wherein the surface pattern for the plurality of optical elements is suitable for delivering an effective optical signal and / or an effective optical signal based on a modulation transfer function value (e.g., a total area under the MTF curve over a spatial frequency range such as 0 -100 line pairs per millimeter or an area under the MTF curve for a portion of the spatial frequency range such as for a low e.g. < 20 line pairs / mm or a medium e.g. 20- 35 line pairs / mm or a high e.g. > 35 line pairs / mm spatial frequency range) to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth; and wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval and are optically transparent.

[0150] B2. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the surface of the lens may be either a back surface of the spectacle lens and / or a front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0151] B3. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be formed on a back and / or the front surface of the lens.

[0152] B4. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may have a relatively more positive power or a relatively more negative power than the prescription power, the base power, space power, a boundary power (e.g., at least a portion of the at least one optical element and a portion of the surface adjacent to (e.g. juxtaposed and / or surrounding and / or conjoined) with at least one optical element combine to form at least one additional power different to the optical element and / or the prescription surface) or combinations thereof.

[0153] B5. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be refractive and / or non-refractive.

[0154] B6. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical function (e.g., power profde) and / or the surface curvature of the at least one of the plurality of optical element may differ from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

[0155] B7. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical function of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be described by a power and / or by the at least one or more surface curvatures of the one or more optical elements, or by the one or more surface curvatures on the front or the back surface.

[0156] B8. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be relatively raised and / or recessed from a portion (e.g., an adjacent portion) of the prescription surface curvature (e.g., at least one of from the trajectory of the prescription surface or a local sagittal height difference between the most raised and / or recessed portion of the optical element) and / or space surface.

[0157] B9. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be one or more of the following: lenslets, concentric rings (e.g. full, partial, annular, segments, alternating, conjoined or combinations thereof), non- concentric rings (e.g., full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, or combinations thereof), spiral, optical patches, dots, non-dots, other geometrical shapes, other optical contour elements, and combinations of geometrical shapes and / or optical contour elements.

[0158] BIO. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical, coaxial, noncoaxial, and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape,, surface elevation, sagittal height, pattern, and spacings (e.g., center to center spacing or border to border spacing) of the plurality of optical elements) may be one or more of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetrical, or rotationally asymmetrical.

[0159] Bl l. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the pattern (e.g., the array or the distribution or spacing of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements) may be one or more of the following: square, rectangular, circular, non-circular, hexagonal, annular, concentric or non-concentric rings (full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, spaced apart, random, controlled offsets, or combinations thereof), patches, other geometrical pattern, or combination of geometrical patterns.

[0160] B12. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profde, shape, array, spacings, fdl factor (e.g., at least 15%, 30%, 45%, or 60%) and / or distribution) and / or spaces therebetween may be one or more of the following: constant, not constant, cyclical, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

[0161] B13. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the surface curvatures in the space between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be raised, recessed, flatter, and / or steeper from a portion of the prescription surface curvature.

[0162] B14. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical properties of the surface spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be at least in part one or more of the following: refractive, non-refractive, or combinations of refractive and non-refractive.

[0163] B15. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the power and / or surface curvatures (e.g., a curve or line) spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements provides an optical function (e.g. power or power profile) that may be at least in part, one or more of the following: relatively more positive average, spherical, astigmatic power, higher order aberrations, or a relatively more negative average, spherical or astigmatic power than either the prescription power or the base power.

[0164] B16. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape, spacings, and / or distribution) may be one of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetric, or rotationally asymmetric.

[0165] B17. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical function (e.g., correcting the refractive error and / or the myopia control) and / or the surface curvature (e.g., geometrical properties) and / or the power profile of the lens (e.g., optical properties) of the at least one surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / orjuxtaposed to at least one of the plurality of optical element may differ from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

[0166] B18. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the optical function, and / or surface curvature, and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical element, e.g., power profile, shape, spacings and / or distribution may be one or more of the following: constant, not constant, cyclical, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

[0167] B 19. The method of any of the B examples, wherein a portion of the prescription surface, including the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface curvature and / or power profile may be one or more of the following: spherical, aspherical, astigmatic, sphero-cylindrical, progressive, multifocal, coaxial, non-coaxial, higher order aberrations, irregularly astigmatic, and combinations thereof.

[0168] B20. The method of any of the B examples, wherein at least a portion of the prescription surface, including the at least one surface curvature spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and / or at least a portion of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface may undergo at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical and / or optical property.

[0169] B21. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical, material, and / or optical property may be one or more of the following: material removal, surface roughness decrease, a shape modification, dimensional modification, surfaceelevation change, thickness change, a surface quality change, toricity, and lens optical quality change.

[0170] B22. The method of any of the B examples, wherein a surface quality change and / or lens optical quality change may be a change in one more of the following: transparency, refractive properties, light filtering, power profde, higher order aberrations, light diffusability, light scattering, diffraction and combinations thereof.

[0171] B23. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process may be at least in part controlled by a mathematical function and / or a compensation factor that adjusts the lens surfaces to be machined and / or polished and / or treated at each or any step of the manufacturing process so that the desired lens surfaces and / or geometrical and / or optical properties of the final myopia control spectacle lens may be attained; and / or wherein the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements machined on a lens surface does not equal the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements of a spectacle lens in its fully completed state.

[0172] B24. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process may be one or more of the following: a machining step using a cutting tool, a finishing cutting step using a diamond tool, a polishing step, a obtaining a compensation factor to adjust a machining step and / or a polishing step and / or a surface modification from a pre-processed target lens surface to achieve a final lens surface geometry and / or lens power profile of a wearer.

[0173] B25. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the polishing step may be implemented by contact methods and / or non-contact methods.

[0174] B26. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the contact methods may include one or more of the following: soft polishing, hard polishing, and CNC polishing; and / or the non-contact methods includes continuous wave laser polishing.

[0175] B27. The method of any of the B examples, wherein at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process may include a refractive index altering step, a phase altering step, an additive manufacturing step, a thermal manufacturing step, a chemical manufacturing step introduced by suitable machinery and / or equipment, e.g., an inkjet printer, 3D printer, chemical etching, sputtering, direct laser writing, a continuous or pulse laser, and / or an attachment of a fdm incorporating one more of the features described herein or combinations thereof.

[0176] B28. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor may incorporate at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

[0177] B29. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor may incorporate at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

[0178] B30. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor may include at least one or more functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale, including, but not limited to, other optical elements, encapsulation of films with pre-determined functions (e.g., a film with optical elements, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent), surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent, fitting marks, lens identification marks, (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)).

[0179] B31. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the spectacle lens incorporating at least one of the prescription surface and a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the myopia control optical elements may undergo at least one or more further processing steps in order to add other predetermined functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale (e.g., including but not limited to, other optical elements, surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, antifogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, marking (e.g., temporary or permanent fitting marks, lens identification marks (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)))).

[0180] B32. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens that is optically transparent and includes one or more of the following: a refractive index in the range from 1.3 to 2.0 a base curve between 0D and 20D; a prescription to correct the refractive error of the wearer in the range of + / -20D sphere and + / -15D cylinder; and a portion of the post polished lens surface that has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval defined as a measure of the peak to surface elevation or depression or sagittal height or depth from a portion of the base surface lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface not incorporating at least one optical element of at least lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500 nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, or 1700nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

[0181] B33. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where a portion of the post polished lens surface that includes an optical element has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeterinterval greater than the local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of at least a portion of the central optical zone including at least a portion of the prescription surface by 20% or 30% or more (to be calculated from a region within any 3mm circular region of the central optical zone containing the optical center of the lens over any one linear interval in any one of a horizontal, vertical or oblique direction of up to 1 mm to 2mm in length and excluding any optical element).

[0182] B34. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface (e.g., within about a 20 mm radius from the optical or geometrical lens center) has at least one or more local maximum peak sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface adjacent to the optical element or space to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of at least lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 5000nm / mm.

[0183] B35. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface has at least one or more local maximum peak sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of less than lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, 1700nm, 5000nm / mm.

[0184] B36. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the rate of departure and / or deflection of the cutting tool path during a finishing machining step (e.g., the final machining step before asoft polishing step) is defined as the amplitude of the cutting tool deviation from a portion of the base surface lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface of at least 50nm / mm, lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm. 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

[0185] B37. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the finished post polished spectacle lens has a transparency to light of greater than 50% or 60% or 70% or 85% or 90% or more.

[0186] B38. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens where the fully formed, or substantially fully formed, spectacle lens from at least one process step to the fully finished spectacle lens post polishing step undergoes a change (e.g., an increase and / or decrease in transparency to light, e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher).

[0187] B39. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens that provides cosmesis and / or lens wearability effective to achieve lens wearing compliance of a minimum of 4 days per week and 8 hours per day.

[0188] B40. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to use a spectacle lens design that is digitized and is represented by at least one algorithm that upon input of at least one personalization parameter of a wearer (e.g., a prescription and / or a selected pattern of at least one of a plurality of optical elements) calculates the geometry of the lens surfaces and the machining cutting paths in a predetermined sequence of steps.

[0189] B41. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to use a lens design kit for one or more ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor materials and that includes digitized geometrical lens surfaces represented by at least one algorithm or surface description that upon input of at least one personalization parameter of a wearer selected from: a probability of myopia progression; refractive errors in the range of + / -20D and + / -15DC; base curves in the range of 0 to 20D; optical element patterns, e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacings, optical function, optical power profile, and / or fill factor; central optical zone; base lens design, eye (e.g., right eye or left eye); personalized lens and frame fitting and wearer characteristics and ocular characteristic parameters (e.g., pupil size and position, eye and head movement characteristics, ocular aberrations, prescription size (e.g., a spherical equivalent refractive error), age, vertex distance in various directions of gaze, frame characteristics (e.g., height and depth and width) and wrap parameters, pantascopic tilt); and sequence of lens design for a first wearing period, a second wearing period or a third wearing period or more; wherein the lens design kit has at least one surface machining and / or polishing compensation factor selected for refractive index and / or material properties of the ophthalmic lens blank to generate a lens surface and / or lens surface cutting coordinates and / or process parameters for at least one machining step and / or polishing step to achieve a desired lens surface geometry and / or lens power profile for each lens design and material in the kit.

[0190] B42. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may include at least one or more of the following steps: designing a plurality of lens surfaces and / or algorithm incorporating at least one of a prescription surface and at least one of a pattern of myopia control optical elements (e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacing, optical power profile) and / or compensation factors to adjust surface and / or power specifications to meet desiredgeometry and power specifications based on a lens material properties and / or optical properties and / or geometrical properties and / or wearer characteristics (e.g., surface hardness, a lens refractive index, a base curvature, a lens thickness, the size of a myopic refractive error, an intended wearer age, an intended wearer ethnicity, age, gender, parental characteristics, a population density, an intended wearer history, an intended were usage, an intended strength of myopia control, an intended wearer previous lens wearing experience, and an intended lens design series number to temporally vary a myopia control properties overtime); inputting at least one lens design surface parameters into the ophthalmic lens cutting machine; using the input lens design parameters representing the desired lens surfaces and converting into a at least one digitized lens surface compensated to achieve the desired lens surface geometry and / or power profile that corrects the refractive error and the myopia control signal from the optical elements; downloading the at least one digitized lens surface containing the compensated prescription surface and the pattern of myopia control elements to an ophthalmic lens cutting machine; cutting a precursor ophthalmic lens, e.g., a blank or semi-finished blank in at least one cutting step; polishing the post cut ophthalmic lens surface to alter the properties of the cut lens surface (e.g., by removing lens material (e.g., of at least 5nm to 5mm thickness)) and / or by increasing the transparency of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher) and / or by reducing the surface roughness (e.g., peak to valley height in at least a portion of the lens by 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, or more); altering the polishing process to balance transparency, lens surface curvature, lens power profile, optical profile of the plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween (e.g., by varying polishing time, pressure, pad material properties, pad dimensions, pad motion (x, y, z theta), pad direction and speed, polishing compound or slurry (e.g., viscosity, particulates, water content)); and conducting metrology and optical characterization (e.g., measurements andimagery) of the lens surface (e.g., prescription surface and myopia control optical elements) to assess impact of process conditions and finalize the lens surface quality.

[0191] B43. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may be configured to produce a spectacle lens that includes one or more of the following optical elements: transparency, refractive properties, power profile, diffusability, light scattering, diffraction that is optimized for myopia control during the polishing process.

[0192] B44. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the method may include at least one or more of the following processing steps: casting, injection molding, direct machining, embossing, etching, stamping, encapsulation, laser direct writing, continuous wave laser, pulsed laser, e.g., single photon, femtosecond, carbon dioxide, printing (e.g., an additive process such as inkjet or 3D printing).

[0193] B45. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the plurality of optical elements may be shaped as a circular element, ring, annular ring, partial annular ring, arc shaped element, triangular, or spiral or combinations thereof.

[0194] B46. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the plurality of optical elements may be a plurality of lenslets, one or more rings, opaque elements, non-refractive elements, defocus elements, aberrated elements, astigmatic elements, or a plurality of discrete elements.

[0195] B47. The method of any of the B examples, wherein at least one of the optical elements have a surface elevation of e.g., 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 700, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, and / or 5000 nm / mm.

[0196] B48. The method of any of the B examples, wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements on the freeform surface (e.g., on the back surface of the lens) results in a peak surface elevation or sagittal height / depth (e.g. is thicker or thinner) of thespectacle lens relative to an adjacent portion of the freeform surface without an optical element between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

[0197] B49. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the peak surface height of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

[0198] B50. The method of any of the B examples, wherein at least one of the spaces between the optical elements may also have a relative surface elevation relative to the base curve (e.g., a central zone or clear optical zone).

[0199] B51. The method of any of the B examples, wherein at least one of the spaces have a peak negative (depression) or peak positive (elevation) surface elevation (e.g., the region of the lens may be depressed) of about -10 nm to -400 nm (e.g., -5, -1, -2, -10, -20, - 30, -40, -50, -75, -100, -125, -150, -175, -200, -250, -300, -400, -500, -600, -700, -800,-900, - 1000, -1250, -1500, -2000 nm).

[0200] B52. The method of any of the B examples, wherein a maximum power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements differs from the minimum power in the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements by at least 0. 1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D,4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more and / or wherein a mean power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements differs in mean power from the spherical equivalent distance refraction error correctionand / or the mean power of the central optic zone by at least 0. 1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D,0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D, 4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more.

[0201] B53. The method of any of the B examples, wherein the resulting lens has a haze value of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0,09, 0.1, 0.11. 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28,0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.0, or higher.

[0202] B54. The method of any of the B examples, wherein a surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween) may have a surface roughness e.g. Rtm range (in microns) greater than about 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14. 0.16. 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24. 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60. 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 or higher.

[0203] B55. The method of any of the B examples, wherein a freeform surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and has a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements) has a surface roughness e.g. Ra (in nanometers) greater than 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and higher.C Examples

[0204] Cl. A kit comprising one or more lenses of any of the A and / or B examples, wherein the kit comprises a subset of lens designs that alter (e.g., in a stepwise manner) the MTF between successive lenses so that a sub group of lens designs - for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more lenses - may be used to cover the range of probabilities for myopia progression e.g., as determined from a nomogram.

[0205] It will be understood that the embodiments disclosed and defined in this specification extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present disclosure.

[0206] The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and / or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: optionally machining a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form a surface of the spectacle lens with at least a portion of the surface comprising a curvature for the correction of the myopic prescription of the wearer; machining (optionally as part of the first machining step) a pattern of a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween on the surface of the spectacle lens suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth; and polishing the surface of the spectacle lens; wherein, after polishing the spectacle lens, at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the lens is either a back surface of the spectacle lens and / or a front surface of the spectacle lens.

3. The method of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements are formed on a back and / or the front surface of the lens.

4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements have a relatively more positive power or a relatively more negative power than the prescription power, the base power, space power, or combinations thereof.

5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is refractive and / or non-refractive.

6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical function and / or the surface curvature of the at least one of the plurality of optical element differs from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

7. The method of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the optical function of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is described by a power and / or at least one or more surface curvatures of the one or more optical elements, or by the one or more surface curvatures on the front or the back surface.

8. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is relatively raised and / or recessed from a portion of the prescription surface curvature (e.g., at least one of from the trajectory of the prescription surface or a local sagittal height difference between the most raised and / or recessed portion of the optical element) and / or the space surface.

9. The method of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is one or more of the following: lenslets, concentric rings (e.g. full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined or combinations thereof), non-concentric rings (e.g., full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, or combinations thereof), spiral, optical patches, dots, non-dots, other geometrical shapes, other optical contour elements, and combinations of geometrical shapes and / or optical contour elements.

10. The method of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the optical coaxial, non-coaxial, and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape, pattern, and spacings (e.g., center to center spacing or border to border spacing) of the plurality of optical elements) is one or more of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetrical, or rotationally asymmetrical.

11. The method of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the pattern (e.g., the array or the distribution or spacing of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements) is one or more of the following: square, rectangular, circular, non-circular, hexagonal, concentric rings (full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, spaced apart, random, controlled offsets, or combinations thereof), patches, other geometrical pattern, or combination of geometrical patterns.

12. The method of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profde, shape, array, spacings, and / or distribution) and / or spaced therebetween is one or more of the following: constant, cyclical, not constant, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

13. The method of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the surface curvatures in the space between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is raised, recessed, flatter, and / or steeper from a portion of the prescription surface curvature.

14. The method of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the optical properties of the surface spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is at least in part one or more of the following: refractive, non-refractive, or combinations of refractive and non-refractive and / or may be continuous or discontinuous (e.g., as defined by a first derivative) and / or the junction of the surfaces between the prescription surface and an optical element may be blended or unblended (by a designed curvature or by a surface curvature not specified but formed by a machining or polishing step during manufacturing.

15. The method of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the surface curvatures (e.g., a curve or line) spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements provides an optical function (e.g. power or power profile) that is one or more of the following: relatively more positive average, spherical, astigmatic power, or a relatively more negative average, spherical or astigmatic power than either the prescription power or the base power.

16. The method of any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape, spacings, and / or distribution) is one of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetric, or rotationally asymmetric.

17. The method of any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the optical function and / or the surface curvature of the at least one surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to oradjacent to and / or juxtaposed to at least one of the plurality of optical element differs from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

18. The method of any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical element, e.g., power profde, shape, spacings and / or distribution is one or more of the following: constant, not constant, cyclical, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

19. The method of any of claims 1 to 18, wherein a portion of the prescription surface, including the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface curvature and / or power profile is one or more of the following: spherical, aspherical, astigmatic, sphero-cylindrical, progressive, multifocal, coaxial, non-coaxial, higher order aberrations, irregularly astigmatic, and combinations thereof.

20. The method of any of claims 1 to 19, wherein at least a portion of the prescription surface, including the at least one surface curvature spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and / or at least a portion of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface undergo at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical and / or optical property.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical and / or optical property is one or more of the following: material removal, surface roughness decrease, a shape modification, dimensional modification, surface elevation change, thickness change, a surface quality change, and lens optical quality change.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein a surface quality change and / or lens optical quality change is a change in one more of the following: transparency, refractive properties, power profile, higher order aberrations, light diffusability, light scattering, diffraction and combinations thereof.

23. The method of any of claims 1 to 22, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process is at least in part controlled by a mathematical function and / or a compensation factor that adjusts the lens surfaces to be machined and / or polished and / or treated at each or any step of the manufacturing process so that the desired lens surfaces and / or geometrical and / or optical properties of the final myopia control spectacle lens may be attained and / or wherein the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements machined on a lens surface does not equal the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements of a spectacle lens in its fully completed state.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process is one or more of the following: the machining step using a cutting tool, a finishing cutting step using a diamond tool, and a polishing step.

25. The method of any of claims 1 to 24, wherein the polishing step is implemented by contact methods and / or non-contact methods.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the contact methods include one or more of the following: soft polishing, hard polishing, and CNC polishing; and / or the non-contact methods includes continuous wave laser polishing.

27. The method of any of claims 1 to 26, wherein at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process includes an additive manufacturing step, athermal manufacturing step, a chemical manufacturing step introduced by suitable machinery and / or equipment, e.g., an inkjet printer, 3D printer, chemical etching, sputtering, direct laser writing, a continuous or pulse laser, and / or an attachment of a film incorporating one more of the features described herein or combinations thereof.

28. The method of any of claims 1 to 27, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor incorporates at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

29. The method of any of claims 1 to 28, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor incorporates at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

30. The method of any of claims 1 to 29, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor includes at least one or more predetermined functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale, including, but not limited to, other optical elements, encapsulation of films with pre-determined functions (e.g., a film with optical elements, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent), surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent, fitting marks, lens identification marks, (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)).

31. The method of any of claims 1 to 30, wherein the spectacle lens incorporating at least one of the prescription surface and a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the myopia control optical elements undergoes at least one or more further processing steps in order to add other predetermined functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale (e.g., including but not limited to, other optical elements, surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g.,. hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, marking (e.g., temporary, or permanent fitting marks, lens identification marks (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)))).

32. The method of any of claims 1 to 31, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens that is optically transparent and includes one or more of the following: a refractive index in the range from 1.3 to 2.0a base curve between OD and 20D; a prescription to correct the refractive error of the wearer in the range of + / -20D sphere and + / -15D cylinder; and a portion of the post polished lens surface that has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter defined as a measure of the peak to valley surface elevation or depression or sagittal height or depth from a portion of the base surface lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface not incorporating at least one optical element of at least lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500 nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, or 1700nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

33. The method of any of claims 1 to 32, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where a portion of the post polished lens surface that has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter (to be calculated over an interval length that includes at least one optical element or a portion of an optical element over 1mm or less or 1.5mm or less) greater than the local relative surface elevation change per millimeter of the central optical zone including at least a portion of the prescription surface not incorporating at least one optical element by 30% or more (to be calculated from within any central region up to 5mm in diameter and including the optical and / or geometric center of the lens over an interval length of up to 1mm, or 2mm, or 3mm for spherical and aspherical and spherocylindrical and progressive lens surfaces along a horizontal and / or vertical and / or oblique meridian).

34. The method of any of claims 1 to 33, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface has at least one or more local maximum peak to sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface adjacent to the optical element or space to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of at least lOOnm, 150nm, 175nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, or 400nm, 500 nm, 600nm, 800nm, lOOOnm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, 1700nm, 1800nm, 1900nm, 2000nm, 2 lOOnm, 2200nm, 2300nm, 2400nm, 2500nm, or 5000nm.

35. The method of any of claims 1 to 34, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface has at least one or more local maximum peak sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of less than lOOnm, 150nm, 175nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500 nm, 600nm, 800nm, lOOOnm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, 1700nm, 1800nm, 1900nm, 2000nm, 2100nm, 2200nm, 2300nm, 2400nm, 2500nm, or 5000nm.

36. The method of any of claims 1 to 35, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the rate of departure and / or deflection of the cutting tool path during a finishing machining step (e.g., the final machining step before a soft polishing step) is defined as the amplitude of the cutting tool deviation from a portion of the base surface lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface of at least 50nm / mm, lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm. 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm,400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm,1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 1800nm / mm, 1900nm / mm, 2000nm / mm, 2100nm / mm, 2200nm / mm, 2300nm / mm, 2400nm / mm, 2500nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

37. The method of any of claims 1 to 36, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the finished post polished spectacle lens has a transparency to light of greater than 50% or 60% or 70% or 85% or 90% or more.

38. The method of any of claims 1 to 37, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the fully formed, or substantially fully formed, spectacle lens from the machining step to the fully finished spectacle lens post polishing step undergoes a change (e.g., an increase in transparency to light, e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher).

39. The method of any of claims 1 to 38, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens that provides cosmesis and / or lens wearability effective to achieve lens wearing compliance of a minimum of 4 days per week and 8 hours per day.

40. The method of any of claims 1 to 39, wherein the method is configured to use at least one surface of a spectacle lens design that is digitized and is represented by at least one algorithm or surface description suitably coded to a machine cutting file that upon input of at least one parameter of a wearer (e.g., a prescription and / or a selected pattern of at least one of a plurality of optical elements and personalization parameters including, patient characteristics such as age, gender, axial length, efficacy prediction, frame size, fittingheights, wrap angle, vertex distance and ocular biometry such as pupil size, ocular aberrations, lens material etc.) calculates the geometry of the lens surfaces and the machining cutting paths and polishing parameters in a pre-determined sequence of steps to deliver a desired lens geometry and power profde.

41. The method of any of claims 1 to 40, wherein the method is configured to use a lens design kit for one or more ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor materials and that includes digitized geometrical lens surfaces represented by at least one algorithm or surface description that upon input of at least one personalization parameter of a wearer selected from: refractive errors in the range of + / -20D and + / -15DC; base curves in the range of 0 to 20D; optical element patterns, e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacings, optical function, optical power profile, and / or fill factor; central optical zone; base lens design, eye (e.g., right eye or left eye); personalized lens and frame fitting and wearer characteristics and ocular characteristic parameters (e.g., pupil size and position, eye and head movement characteristics, ocular aberrations, prescription size, age, vertex distance in various directions of gaze, frame characteristics (e.g., height and depth and width) and wrap parameters, pantoscopic tilt); and sequence of lens design for a first wearing period, a second wearing period or a third wearing period or more.

42. The method of any of claims 1 to 41, wherein the method includes at least one or more of the following steps: designing a plurality of lens surfaces and / or algorithm incorporating at least one of a prescription surface and at least one of a pattern of myopia control optical elements (e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacing, optical power profile) and / or compensation factors to adjust surface and / or power specifications to meet desired geometry and power specifications based on a lens material and / or optical properties and / or geometrical properties and / or wearer characteristics (e.g., surface hardness, a lens refractive index, a base curvature, a lens thickness, the size of a myopic refractive error, an intended wearer age, an intended wearer ethnicity, an intended wearer history, an intended were usage, an intended strength of myopia control, an intended wearer previous lens wearing experience, and an intended lens design series number to temporally vary a myopia control properties over time); inputting at least one lens design surface parameters into the ophthalmic lens cutting machine compensated for lens geometry and power differences arising at each step; using the input lens design parameters representing the desired lens surfaces and converting into a at least one digitized lens surface; downloading the at least one digitized lens surface containing the prescription surface and the pattern of myopia control elements to an ophthalmic lens cutting machine; cutting a precursor ophthalmic lens, e.g., a blank or semi-finished blank in at least one cutting step; polishing the post cut ophthalmic lens surface to alter the properties of the cut lens surface (e.g., by removing lens material (e.g., of at least 5nm to 5mm thickness)) and / or by increasing the transparency of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher)- 7-and / or by reducing the surface roughness (e.g., peak to valley height in at least a portion of the lens by 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, or more); altering the polishing process to balance transparency, lens surface curvature, lens power profile, optical profile of the plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween (e.g., by varying polishing time, pressure, pad material properties, pad dimensions, pad motion (x, y, z theta), pad direction and speed, polishing compound or slurry (e.g., viscosity, particulates, water content)); and conducting metrology and optical characterization (e.g., measurements and imagery) of the lens surface (e.g., prescription surface and myopia control optical elements) to assess impact of process conditions and finalize the lens surface quality.

43. The method of any of claims 1 to 42, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens that includes one or more of the following optical elements: transparency, refractive properties, power profile, diffiisability, light scattering, diffraction that is optimized for myopia control during the polishing process.

44. The method of any of claims 1 to 43, wherein the method includes at least one or more of the following processing steps: casting, injection molding, direct machining, embossing, etching, stamping, laser direct writing, continuous wave laser, pulsed laser, e.g., single photon, femtosecond, carbon dioxide, printing (e.g., an additive process such as inkjet or 3D printing).

45. The method of any of claims 1 to 44, wherein the plurality of optical elements are shaped as a circular element, ring, annular ring, partial annular ring, arc shaped element, triangular, or spiral or combinations thereof.

46. The method of any of claims 1 to 45, wherein the plurality of optical elements is a plurality of lenslets, one or more rings, opaque elements, non-refractive elements, defocus elements, aberrated elements, astigmatic elements, or a plurality of discrete elements.

47. The method of any of claims 1 to 46, wherein the at least one of the optical elements have a change in peak surface elevation of e.g., 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 700, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, and / or 5000 nm / mm.

48. The method of any of claims 1 to 47, wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements on the freeform surface (e.g., on the back surface of the lens) results in a peak surface elevation or sagittal height / depth (e.g. its raised or depressed) of the spectacle lens relative to an adjacent portion of the freeform surface without an optical element between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

49. The method of any of claims 1 to 48, wherein the peak surface height of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

50. The method of any of claims 1 to 49, wherein at least one of the spaces between the optical elements may also have a relative surface elevation relative to the base curve (e.g., a central zone or clear optical zone).

51. The method of any of claims 1 to 50, wherein at least one of the spaces have a peak negative (depression) or peak positive (elevation) surface elevation (e.g., the region of the lens may be depressed) of about -10 nm to -400 nm (e.g., -5, -1, -2, -10, -20, -30, -40, -50, -75, -100, -125, -150, -175, -200, -250, -300, -400, -500, -600, -700, -800,-900, -1000, -1250, -1500, -2000 nm).

52. The method of any of claims 1 to 51, wherein a maximum power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements differs from the minimum power in the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements by at least 0.1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D, 4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more.

53. The method of any of claims 1 to 52, wherein the resulting lens has a haze value of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0,09, 0.1, 0.

11. 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28,0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.0, or higher.

54. The method of any of claims 1 to 53, wherein a surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements and / orspaces therebetween) may have a surface roughness e.g. Rtm range (in microns) greater than about 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.

14. 0.

16. 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.

24. 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.50, 0.55, 0.

60. 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 or higher.

55. The method of any of claims 1 to 54, wherein a freeform surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and has a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements) has a surface roughness e.g. Ra (in nanometers) greater than 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and higher.

56. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens utilizing a freeform process, the method comprising: determining a prescription surface satisfactory for myopia correction of the wearer determining a surface pattern for a plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween for addition to at least a portion of the prescription surface; determining a target geometry of at least one surface of the spectacle lens based at least in part on the prescription surface and the surface pattern of the plurality of optical elements; determining a cutting path and / or polishing process parameters to compensate for the blank material removal and / or surface curvature changes of the freeform process to achieve the target surface geometry and / or target power profile of the fully finished lens; machining and polishing a lens blank, semi-finished lens blank, and / or an intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor to form the at least one surface of the spectacle lenswith at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a prescription surface and at least a portion of the at least one surface comprising a pattern of a plurality of optical elements; wherein the surface pattern for the plurality of optical elements is suitable for delivering an effective optical signal to the retinal receptors of a progressive myope to slow, significantly slow, stop and / or shorten / regress the progression of axial eye length growth; and wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements has a relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval substantially greater than at least a portion of the prescription surface over a comparable interval.

57. The method of claim 56, wherein the surface of the lens is either a back surface of the spectacle lens and / or a front surface of the spectacle lens.

58. The method of claims 56 or 57, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements are formed on a back and / or the front surface of the lens.

59. The method of any of claims 56 to 58, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements have a relatively more positive power or a relatively more negative power than the prescription power, the base power, space power, a boundary power (e.g., at least a portion of the at least one optical element and a portion of the surface adjacent to (e.g. juxtaposed and / or surrounding and / or conjoined) with at least one optical element combine to form at least one additional power different to the optical element and / or the prescription surface) or combinations thereof.

60. The method of any of claims 56 to 59, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is refractive and / or non-refractive.

61. The method of any of claims 56 to 60, wherein the optical function (e.g., power profile) and / or the surface curvature of the at least one of the plurality of optical element differs from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

62. The method of any of claims 56 to 61, wherein the optical function of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is described by a power and / or by the at least one or more surface curvatures of the one or more optical elements, or by the one or more surface curvatures on the front or the back surface.

63. The method of any of claims 56 to 62, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is relatively raised and / or recessed from a portion (e.g., an adjacent portion) of the prescription surface curvature (e.g., at least one of from the trajectory of the prescription surface or a local sagittal height difference between the most raised and / or recessed portion of the optical element) and / or the space surface.

64. The method of any of claims 56 to 63, wherein the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is one or more of the following: lenslets, concentric rings (e.g. full, partial, annular, segments, alternating, conjoined or combinations thereof), non-concentric rings (e.g., full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, or combinations thereof), spiral, optical patches, dots, non-dots, other geometrical shapes, other optical contour elements, and combinations of geometrical shapes and / or optical contour elements.

65. The method of any of claims 56 to 64, wherein the optical coaxial, noncoaxial, and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements(e.g., power profile, shape, surface elevation, sagittal height, pattern, and spacings (e.g., center to center spacing or border to border spacing) of the plurality of optical elements) is one or more of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetrical, or rotationally asymmetrical.

66. The method of any of claims 56 to 65, wherein the pattern (e.g., the array or the distribution or spacing of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements) is one or more of the following: square, rectangular, circular, non-circular, hexagonal, annular, concentric or non-concentric rings (full, partial, segments, alternating, conjoined, spaced apart, random, controlled offsets, or combinations thereof), patches, other geometrical pattern, or combination of geometrical patterns.

67. The method of any of claims 56 to 66, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape, array, spacings, fill factor (e.g., at least 15%, 30%, 45%, or 60%), and / or distribution) and / or spaces therebetween is one or more of the following: constant, not constant, cyclical varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

68. The method of any of claims 56 to 67, wherein the surface curvatures in the space between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements is raised, recessed, flatter, and / or steeper from a portion of the prescription surface curvature.

69. The method of any of claims 56 to 68, wherein the optical properties of the surface spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at leastone of the plurality of optical elements is at least in part one or more of the following: refractive, non-refractive, or combinations of refractive and non-refractive.

70. The method of any of claims 56 to 69, wherein the power and / or surface curvatures (e.g., a curve or line) spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements provides an optical function (e.g. power or power profile) that is at least in part one or more of the following: relatively more positive average, spherical, astigmatic power, higher order aberrations, or a relatively more negative average, spherical or astigmatic power than either the prescription power or the base power.

71. The method of any of claims 56 to 70, wherein the optical and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements (e.g., power profile, shape, spacings, and / or distribution) is one of the following: symmetric, asymmetric, rotationally symmetric, or rotationally asymmetric.

72. The method of any of claims 56 to 71, wherein the optical function (e.g., correcting the refractive error and / or the myopia control) and / or the surface curvature (e.g., geometrical properties) and / or the power profile of the lens (e.g., optical properties) of the at least one surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to at least one of the plurality of optical element differs from the base surface curvature and / or the prescription surface curvature.

73. The method of any of claims 56 to 72, wherein the optical function, and / or surface curvature, and / or geometrical properties of the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical element, e.g., power profde, shape, spacings and / or distribution is one or more of the following: constant, not constant, cyclical, varying randomly, or is described at least in part by a mathematical function.

74. The method of any of claims 56 to 73, wherein a portion of the prescription surface, including the surface curvatures spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface curvature and / or power profile is one or more of the following: spherical, aspherical, astigmatic, sphero-cylindrical, progressive, multifocal, coaxial, non-coaxial, higher order aberrations, irregularly astigmatic, and combinations thereof.

75. The method of any of claims 56 to 74 wherein at least a portion of the prescription surface, including the at least one surface curvature spaced between and / or conjoined to or adjacent to and / or juxtaposed to the at least one of the plurality of optical elements and / or at least a portion of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements surface undergo at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical and / or optical property.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein the at least one surface modification step during the freeform manufacturing process that changes a geometrical, material, and / or optical property is one or more of the following: material removal, surface roughnessdecrease, a shape modification, dimensional modification, surface elevation change, thickness change, a surface quality change, toricity, and lens optical quality change.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein a surface quality change and / or lens optical quality change is a change in one more of the following: transparency, refractive properties, light filtering, power profile, higher order aberrations, light diffusability, light scattering, diffraction and combinations thereof.

78. The method of any of claims 56 to 77, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process is at least in part controlled by a mathematical function and / or a compensation factor that adjusts the lens surfaces to be machined and / or polished and / or treated at each or any step of the manufacturing process so that the desired lens surfaces and / or geometrical and / or optical properties of the final myopia control spectacle lens may be attained; and / or wherein the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements machined on a lens surface does not equal the surface elevation of at least one of a plurality of optical elements of a spectacle lens in its fully completed state.

79. The method of claim 77, wherein the at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process is one or more of the following: a machining step using a cutting tool, a finishing cutting step using a diamond tool, a polishing step, a obtaining a compensation factor to adjust a machining step and / or a polishing step and / or a surface modification from a pre-processed target lens surface to achieve a final lens surface geometry and / or lens power profile of a wearer.

80. The method of any of claims 56 to 79, wherein the polishing step is implemented by contact methods and / or non-contact methods.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein the contact methods include one or more of the following: soft polishing, hard polishing, and CNC polishing; and / or the non-contact methods includes continuous wave laser polishing.

82. The method of any of claims 56 to 81, wherein at least one step of the freeform manufacturing process includes a refractive index altering step, a phase altering step, an additive manufacturing step, a thermal manufacturing step, a chemical manufacturing step introduced by suitable machinery and / or equipment, e.g., an inkjet printer, 3D printer, chemical etching, sputtering, direct laser writing, a continuous or pulse laser, and / or an attachment of a film incorporating one more of the features described herein or combinations thereof.

83. The method of any of claims 56 to 82, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor incorporates at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

84. The method of any of claims 56 to 83, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor incorporates at least in part one of a prescription surface and / or a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the optical elements.

85. The method of any of claims 56 to 84, wherein the ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor includes at least one or more functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale, including, but not limited to, other optical elements, encapsulation of films with pre-determined functions (e.g., a film with optical elements, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent), surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, and / or marking that is either temporary or permanent, fitting marks, lens identification marks, (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)).

86. The method of any of claims 56 to 85, wherein the spectacle lens incorporating at least one of the prescription surface and a pattern of the at least one of the plurality of the myopia control optical elements undergoes at least one or more further processing steps in order to add other predetermined functions prior to lens shipment or lens sale (e.g., including but not limited to, other optical elements, surface coatings, treatments and / or markings (e.g., hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-scratching, anti-fouling, antifogging, light filtering, color tinting, polarization, photochromic, marking (e.g., temporary or permanent fitting marks, lens identification marks (e.g., logo, brand, lens type, prescription, with ink, laser, stamp, embossing, and / or printed)))).

87. The method of any of claims 56 to 86, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens that is optically transparent and includes one or more of the following: a refractive index in the range from 1.3 to 2.0;a base curve between OD and 20D; a prescription to correct the refractive error of the wearer in the range of + / -20D sphere and + / -15D cylinder; and a portion of the post polished lens surface that has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval defined as a measure of the peak to valley surface elevation or depression or sagittal height or depth from a portion of the base surface lens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface not incorporating at least one optical element of at least lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500 nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, or 1700nm / mm, 1800nm / mm, 1900nm / mm, 2000nm / mm, 2 lOOnm / mm, 2200nm / mm, 2300nm / mm, 2400nm / mm, 2500nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

88. The method of any of claims 47 to 87, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where a portion of the post polished lens surface that includes an optical element has a local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval greater than the local relative surface elevation change per millimeter interval of at least a portion of the central optical zone including at least a portion of the prescription surface by 20% or 30% or more (to be calculated from a region within any 3 mm circular region of the central optical zone containing the optical center of the lens over any one linear interval in any one of a horizontal, vertical or oblique direction of up to 1 mm to 2 mm in length and excluding any optical element).

89. The method of any of claims 56 to 88, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface (e.g., within about a 20 mm radius from the optical or geometrical lens center) has at least one or more local maximum peak to sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface adjacent to the optical element or space to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of at least lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 1800nm / mm, 1900nm / mm, 2000nm / mm,2 lOOnm / mm, 2200nm / mm, 2300nm / mm, 2400nm / mm, 2500nm / mm, 5000nm / mm.

90. The method of any of claims 56 to 89, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the post polished lens surface has at least one or more local maximum peak to sagittal height (defined as a measure of the surface elevation or depression from a portion of the base lens surface to the maximum height of the least one of the optical elements over its diameter) of less than lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm, 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, or 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 1800nm / mm, 1900nm / mm, 2000nm / mm, 2 lOOnm / mm, 2200nm / mm, 2300nm / mm, 2400nm / mm, 2500nm / mm, 5000nm / mm.

91. The method of any of claims 56 to 90, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the rate of departure and / or deflection of the cutting tool path during a finishing machining step (e.g., the final machining step before a soft polishing step) is defined as the amplitude of the cutting tool deviation from a portion of the base surfacelens surface measured in nm, um or mm over a defined length of the lens surface incorporating at least one optical element and an adjacent base lens surface of at least 50nm / mm, lOOnm / mm, 150nm / mm, 175nm / mm. 200nm / mm, 250nm / mm, 300nm / mm, 400nm / mm, 500nm / mm, 600nm / mm, 800nm / mm, lOOOnm / mm, 1200nm / mm, 1300nm / mm, 1400nm / mm, 1500nm / mm, 1600nm / mm, 1700nm / mm, 1800nm / mm, 1900nm / mm, 2000nm / mm, 2 lOOnm / mm, 2200nm / mm, 2300nm / mm, 2400nm / mm, 2500nm / mm, 5000nm / mm, or more.

92. The method of any of claims 56 to 91, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the finished post polished spectacle lens has a transparency to light of greater than 50% or 60% or 70% or 85% or 90% or more.

93. The method of any of claims 56 to 92, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens where the fully formed, or substantially fully formed, spectacle lens from at least one process step to the fully finished spectacle lens post polishing step undergoes a change (e.g., an increase and / or decrease in transparency to light, e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher).

94. The method of any of claims 56 to 93, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens that provides cosmesis and / or lens wearability effective to achieve lens wearing compliance of a minimum of 4 days per week and 8 hours per day.

95. The method of any of claims 56 to 94, wherein the method is configured to use a spectacle lens design that is digitized and is represented by at least one algorithm that uponinput of at least one personalization parameter of a wearer (e.g., a prescription and / or a selected pattern of at least one of a plurality of optical elements) calculates the geometry of the lens surfaces and the machining cutting paths in a pre-determined sequence of steps.

96. The method of any of claims 56 to 95, wherein the method is configured to use a lens design kit for one or more ophthalmic lens blank, the semi-finished lens blank, or the intermediate ophthalmic lens precursor materials and that includes digitized geometrical lens surfaces represented by at least one algorithm or surface description that upon input of at least one personalization parameter of a wearer selected from: refractive errors in the range of + / -20D and + / -15DC; base curves in the range of 0 to 20D; optical element patterns, e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacings, optical function, optical power profile, and / or fill factor; central optical zone; base lens design, eye (e.g., right eye or left eye); personalized lens and frame fitting and wearer characteristics and ocular characteristic parameters (e.g., pupil size and position, eye and head movement characteristics, ocular aberrations, prescription size, age, vertex distance in various directions of gaze, frame characteristics (e.g., height and depth and width) and wrap parameters, pantascopic tilt); and sequence of lens design for a first wearing period, a second wearing period or a third wearing period or more; wherein the lens design kit has at least one surface machining and / or polishing compensation factor selected for refractive index and / or material properties of the ophthalmic lens blank to generate a lens surface and / or lens surface cutting coordinates and / or processparameters for at least one machining step and / or polishing step to achieve a desired lens surface geometry and / or lens power profile for each lens design and material in the kit.

97. The method of any of claims 56 to 96, wherein the method includes at least one or more of the following steps: designing a plurality of lens surfaces and / or algorithm incorporating at least one of a prescription surface and at least one of a pattern of myopia control optical elements (e.g., shape, size, distribution, spacing, optical power profile) and / or compensation factors to adjust surface and / or power specifications to meet desired geometry and power specifications based on a lens material properties and / or optical properties and / or geometrical properties and / or wearer characteristics (e.g., surface hardness, a lens refractive index, a base curvature, a lens thickness, the size of a myopic refractive error, an intended wearer age, an intended wearer ethnicity, age, gender, parental characteristics, a population density, an intended wearer history, an intended were usage, an intended strength of myopia control, an intended wearer previous lens wearing experience, and an intended lens design series number to temporally vary a myopia control properties over time); inputting at least one lens design surface parameters into the ophthalmic lens cutting machine; using the input lens design parameters representing the desired lens surfaces and converting into a at least one digitized lens surface compensated to achieve the desired lens surface geometry and / or power profile that corrects the refractive error and the myopia control signal from the optical elements; downloading the at least one digitized lens surface containing the prescription surface and the pattern of myopia control elements to an ophthalmic lens cutting machine;cutting a precursor ophthalmic lens, e.g., a blank or semi-finished blank in at least one cutting step; polishing the post cut ophthalmic lens surface to alter the properties of the cut lens surface (e.g., by removing lens material (e.g., of at least 5nm to 5mm thickness)) and / or by increasing the transparency of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., from 5% (e.g. 80% to 85%), 10%, 15%, 20%, 35%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70% (e.g. from 20% to 90%) or higher ) and / or by reducing the surface roughness (e.g., peak to valley height in at least a portion of the lens by 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, or more); altering the polishing process to balance transparency, lens surface curvature, lens power profile, optical profile of the plurality of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween (e.g., by varying polishing time, pressure, pad material properties, pad dimensions, pad motion (x, y, z theta), pad direction and speed, polishing compound or slurry (e.g., viscosity, particulates, water content)); and conducting metrology and optical characterization (e.g., measurements and imagery) of the lens surface (e.g., prescription surface and myopia control optical elements) to assess impact of process conditions and finalize the lens surface quality.

98. The method of any of claims 56 to 97, wherein the method is configured to produce a spectacle lens that includes one or more of the following optical elements: transparency, refractive properties, power profile, diffiisability, light scattering, diffraction that is optimized for myopia control during the polishing process.

99. The method of any of claims 56 to 98, wherein the method includes at least one or more of the following processing steps: casting, injection molding, direct machining, embossing, etching, stamping, laser direct writing, continuous wave laser, pulsed laser, e.g.,single photon, femtosecond, carbon dioxide, printing (e.g., an additive process such as inkjet or 3D printing).

100. The method of any of claims 56 to 99, wherein the plurality of optical elements are shaped as a circular element, ring, annular ring, partial annular ring, arc shaped element, triangular, or spiral or combinations thereof.

101. The method of any of claims 56 to 100, the plurality of optical elements are a plurality of lenslets, one or more rings, opaque elements, non-refractive elements, defocus elements, aberrated elements, astigmatic elements, or a plurality of discrete elements.

102. The method of any of claims 56 to 101, wherein the at least one of the optical elements have a surface elevation of e.g., 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 700, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, and / or 800 5000 nm / mm.

103. The method of any of claims 56 to 102, wherein at least one of the plurality of optical elements on the freeform surface (e.g., on the back surface of the lens) results in a peak surface elevation or sagittal height / depth (e.g. its thicker or thinner) of the spectacle lens relative to an adjacent portion of the freeform surface without an optical element between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

104. The method of any of claims 56 to 103, wherein the peak surface height of the at least one of the plurality of optical elements may be between about 50 nanometers to 5000 nanometers (e.g., about 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 5000 nm).

105. The method of any of claims 56 to 104, wherein at least one of the spaces between the optical elements may also have a relative surface elevation relative to the base curve (e.g., a central zone or clear optical zone).

106. The method of any of claims 56 to 105, wherein at least one of the spaces have a peak negative (depression) or peak positive (elevation) surface elevation (e.g., the region of the lens may be depressed) of about -10 nm to -400 nm (e.g., -5, -1, -2, -10, -20, -30, -40, -50, -75, -100, -125, -150, -175, -200, -250, -300, -400, -500, -600, -700, -800,-900, -1000, -1250, -1500, -2000 nm).

107. The method of any of claims 56 to 106, wherein a maximum power in the at least one portion of the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements differs from the minimum power in the at least one spaces between the at least one of the plurality of optical elements by at least 0.1 D, 0.2 D, 0.4 D, 0.6 D, 0.7 D, 0.8 D, 1.0 D, 1.2 D, 1.4 D, 1.6 D, 1.8 D, 2.0 D, 2.2 D, 2.4 D, 2.6 D, 2.8 D, 3.0 D, 3.4 D, 3.8 D, 4.2 D, 4.4 D, 4.6 D, 4.8 D, 5.0 D or more.

108. The method of any of claims 56 to 107, wherein the resulting lens has a haze value of 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0,09, 0.1, 0.

11. 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19,0.20, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28,0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.0, or higher.

109. The method of any of claims 56 to 108, wherein a surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements and / or spaces therebetween) may have a surface roughness e.g. Rtm range (in microns) greater than about 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.

14. 0.

16. 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.

24. 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.50, 0.55, 0.

60. 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 or higher.

110. The method of any of claims 56 to 109, wherein a freeform surface of a spectacle lens for myopia control that contains at least one optical element for myopia control and has a portion of the lens surface (e.g., within the center zone and / or the array of optical elements) has a surface roughness e.g. Ra (in nanometers) greater than 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 and higher.

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