Systems and methods for information transfer in ambient IoT system
By subgrouping devices and optimizing random access procedures, the system addresses inefficiencies in IoT systems with high device density, enhancing operational efficiency and reducing resource consumption.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZTE CORP
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085672_11062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INFORMATION TRANSFER IN AMBIENT IOT SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including but not limited to systems and methods for information transfer in an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] The standardization organization Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is currently in the process of specifying a new Radio Interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) as well as a Next Generation Packet Core Network (NG-CN or NGC) . The 5G NR will have three main components: a 5G Access Network (5G-AN) , a 5G Core Network (5GC) , and a User Equipment (UE) . In order to facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC, also called Network Functions, have been simplified with some of them being software based, and some being hardware based, so that they could be adapted according to need.SUMMARY
[0003] The example embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, example systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not limiting, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.
[0004] At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. A wireless communication device (e.g., ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) device, sometimes referred to generally as a device) can receive / obtain / acquire a first paging message comprising target device information from a network node (e.g., a reader) . The wireless communication device can perform / execute / initiate a random access procedure according to the first paging message.
[0005] At least one aspect is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium of the following. A network node (e.g., a reader) can send / transmit / provide a first paging message comprising target device information to a wireless communication device (e.g., A-IoT device) . A random access procedure can be initiated by the wireless communication device according to the first paging message.
[0006] In some implementations, the first paging message can comprise at least one of: a number of groups of wireless communication devices or a current group number. In some implementations, each of wireless communication devices can comprise an ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) device, and wherein the network node comprises a reader.
[0007] In some implementations, the network node can transmit an indication of a number of wireless communication devices in a paging message or an inventory procedure to a core network. The network node can initiate the inventory procedure subsequent to receiving a request from the core network. In some implementations, the network node can receive, from a core network, a request to initiate an inventory procedure. The network node can send, to the core network, a response comprising at least one of: an indication of a maximum number of wireless communication devices in a paging message or the inventory procedure, an indication of a failure to initiate the inventory procedure, failure cause information, an indication that a number of wireless communication devices exceeds a threshold, a request to divide wireless communication devices in multiple groups, a request to reduce the number of wireless communication devices in the paging message or the inventory procedure, and / or a preferred or suggested number of groups for dividing the wireless communication devices into a plurality of groups.
[0008] In some implementations, the network node can receive, from a core network, an indication of a number of wireless communication devices. The network node can determine to divide wireless communication devices into a number of groups. The network node can send the first paging message, e.g., to one or more wireless communication devices. In some implementations, the first paging message can comprise an indication of at least one of: whether the number of groups is indicated in the first paging message, whether a current group number is indicated in the first paging message, a length of a field indicating the number of groups, and / or a length of a field indicating the current group number.
[0009] In some implementations, to initiate the random access procedure, the wireless communication device can determine a group number according to the number of groups indicated in the first paging message. In some implementations, the group number can be randomly selected. The group number can be an integer within a predefined range according to the number of groups.
[0010] In some implementations, to initiate the random access procedure, the wireless communication device can transmit, to the network node, a response to a paging message based on the group number matching a current group number of the paging message. In some implementations, the wireless communication device can determine whether to respond to the first paging message according to a number of groups indicated in the first paging message. To determine whether to respond, the wireless communication device can set a value as a group number. The wireless communication device can decrement the value in response to receiving a second paging message. The wireless communication device can transmit, to the network node, a response to the second paging message based on the decremented value equal to a predefined value.
[0011] In some implementations, after the wireless communication device fails the random access procedure triggered by the first paging message, the wireless communication device may receive, from the network node, a second paging message comprising paging round-related information. The wireless communication device can determine whether the paging round-related information in the second paging message is same as second paging round-related information in a previous message. The wireless communication device can initiate a second random access procedure according to the second paging message based on the paging round-related information in the second paging message being different from the second paging round-related information in the previous message. In some cases, the wireless communication device can ignore the second paging message based on the paging round-related information in the second paging message being same as the second paging round-related information in the previous message.
[0012] In some implementations, the first paging message can comprise information related to duplicated paging. The information related to duplicated paging can comprise at least one of: a purpose of the first paging message, an indication to perform duplicated response, an indication to skip duplicated response, and / or an indication to respond to or skip the first paging message. The wireless communication device can determine whether to initiate the random access procedure according to the information related to duplicated paging. In some implementations, the purpose of the first paging message can be for determining a location of the wireless communication device.
[0013] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can transmit, to the network node, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprising a header and a D2R data, the header indicating a length of the D2R data. The MAC PDU can comprise the header when at least one of: the D2R data is not segmented, the MAC PDU is a last segment, and / or the MAC PDU indicates there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted. In some implementations, the wireless communication device can transmit, to the network node, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprising one or more padding bits and a device-to-reader (D2R) data. The MAC PDU can comprise the one or more padding bits when at least one of: the D2R data is not segmented, the MAC PDU is a last segment, and / or the MAC PDU indicates there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted.
[0014] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can receive, from the network node, a grant for device-to-reader (D2R) messages comprising at least one of: a semi-persistent resource indication, a location of frequency resource or a frequency index, and / or a number of resources which the location of frequency resource applies to. The wireless communication device can send, to the network node, a plurality of medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) according to the grant for messages.
[0015] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can receive, from the network node, a grant for device-to-reader (D2R) messages comprising at least one of: one or more locations of time resources or time resource indices, one or more locations of frequency resources or frequency indices, and / or a number of resources allocated. The wireless communication device can send, to the network node, one or more medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) in one or more resources according to the grant.
[0016] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can receive, from the network node, a reader-to-device (R2D) message comprising at least one of: a paging message, a msg2, a negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication, a command message, bits of successfully received data, or offset information. In some implementations, the R2D message can comprise at least one of: one or more device identities, comprising at least one of: a random number, an access layer identity (AS ID) allocated by the network node, a device ID, or a temporary ID, a permanent ID, a number of device IDs included in the R2D message, a number of resources, a command indication, the NACK indication indicating that the network node did not receive a corresponding device-to-reader (D2R) message successfully, schedule resource information, comprising at least one of: time location of resources, frequency location of resources, or layer 1 control information, a first indication of a number of devices for which the command indication applies, a second indication of a number of devices for which the NACK indication applies, a third indication of a number of devices for which the schedule resource information applies, and / or an indication of whether one or more of the first to third indications are included in the R2D message.
[0017] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can send, to the network node, available data-related information comprising at least one of: an indication of whether there is available data at the wireless communication device or a size of the available data at the wireless communication device. In some implementations, the wireless communication device can transmit, to the network node, a device-to-reader (D2R) message comprising at least one of segmented data or non-segmented data. The wireless communication device can receive, from the network node, a reader-to-device (R2D) message comprising at least one of: an indication of whether scheduling resource information for another segment or another D2R message is included, an indication of a length of a field for a number of successfully received bits at the network node, and / or an indication of the number of successfully received bits by the network node.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict example embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader’s understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates an example cellular communication network in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and a user equipment device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 3 illustrates an example operational diagram for an AS procedure between a device and a reader, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 4 illustrates an example block diagram of a logical system architecture for topology 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram of a logical system architecture for topology 2, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 6 illustrates an example plot of time and frequency resources for msg1 transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0025] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method for information transfer in the ambient IoT system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] 1. Mobile Communication Technology and Environment
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network, and / or system, 100 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) network, and is herein referred to as “network 100. ” Such an example network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102” ; also referred to as wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104” ; also referred to as wireless communication device) that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 overlaying a geographical area 101. In Figure 1, the BS 102 and UE 104 are contained within a respective geographic boundary of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 may include at least one base station operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.
[0028] For example, the BS 102 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 118, and an uplink radio frame 124 respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into sub-frames 120 / 127 which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In the present disclosure, the BS 102 and UE 104 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes, ” generally, which can practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.
[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. The system 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one illustrative embodiment, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 100 of Figure 1, as described above.
[0030] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter “BS 202” ) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter “UE 204” ) . The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
[0031] As would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in Figure 2. Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software can depend upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0032] In accordance with some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an “uplink” transceiver 230 that includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuitry that is coupled to the antenna 232. A duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion. Similarly, in accordance with some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a “downlink” transceiver 210 that includes a RF transmitter and a RF receiver each comprising circuity that is coupled to the antenna 212. A downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in time duplex fashion. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. Conversely, the operations of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250 at the same time that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232. In some embodiments, there is close time synchronization with a minimal guard time between changes in duplex direction.
[0033] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 250, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 212 / 232 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
[0034] In accordance with various embodiments, the BS 202 may be an evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. In this manner, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0035] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof. The memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that the processors modules 210 and 230 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. The memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, the memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.
[0036] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bi-directional communication between base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the base station 202. For example, network communication module 218 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network. In this manner, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) . The terms “configured for, ” “configured to” and conjugations thereof, as used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc., that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.
[0037] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model (referred to herein as, “open system interconnection model” ) is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communication used by systems (e.g., wireless communication device, wireless communication node) open to interconnection and communication with other systems. The model is broken into seven subcomponents, or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI Model also defines a logical network and effectively describes computer packet transfer by using different layer protocols. The OSI Model may also be referred to as the seven-layer OSI Model or the seven-layer model. In some embodiments, a first layer may be a physical layer. In some embodiments, a second layer may be a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, a third layer may be a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, a fourth layer may be a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, a fifth layer may be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, a sixth layer may be a Non Access Stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer being the other layer.
[0038] Various example embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying figures to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present solution. As would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, after reading the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the examples described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the example embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Additionally, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein are merely example approaches. Based upon design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be re-arranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order, and the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise.
[0039] 2. Systems and Methods for Information Transfer in an Ambient IoT System
[0040] IoT can be desired in various wireless communication technologies or network environments. The interconnection of devices (e.g., sometimes considered as ‘things’ in IoT) may be expected to enhance productivity or improve the quality of life. Reducing the size, complexity, and / or power consumption of IoT devices can facilitate the deployment of IoT devices for various applications, allowing relatively wider application of the IoT and efficiency during the deployment. However, powering certain IoT devices with batteries or internal power source which is to be replaced or recharged manually may be impractical, potentially resulting in relatively high maintenance, environmental issues, or safety hazards in certain scenarios or use cases, such as wireless sensors in an electric power or various other devices or technologies.
[0041] Because certain technologies may not satisfy / meet all target use case criteria, a new IoT technology (e.g., ambientIoT) may be desired, with a relatively higher number of connections and / or device density. The desired new IoT technology can include relatively lower complexity and power consumption compared to, for instance, existing low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies and address various non-limiting use cases or scenarios.
[0042] FIG. 3 illustrates an example operational diagram 300 for an AS procedure between a device and a reader, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example operational diagram 300 can include steps / operations / procedures 302-306 for AS procedures between a wireless communication device and a network node. The wireless communication device can include or correspond to the UE 104 or an ambient IoT (A-IoT) device. For purposes of providing examples, the A-IoT device can be referred to as a device. The network node can include or correspond to a reader.
[0043] As part of the AS procedure, in step 302, the reader can send / transmit / provide an A-IoT paging message (e.g., a paging message for the device) based on or according to a service request. The paging message can indicate the device (s) to respond to the paging message, such as described in the specification. In step 304, the (A-IoT) device (s) may be triggered. The triggered device can perform a device ID transmission to transmit the device ID via an A-IoT random access procedure or in some cases without using the A-IoT random access procedure. The transmission from the device to the reader subsequent to the random access procedure can include or be a part of a device-to-reader (D2R) data transmission.
[0044] In step 306, the reader may respond or send information / data to the device via a read reader-to-device (R2D) data transmission. For example, the reader can send a command or an instruction to the device via the R2D data transmission. Subsequently, the device can send a response to the received / acquired / obtained command to the reader via a subsequent D2R data transmission.
[0045] The AS procedure can support (indoor) inventory and / or (indoor) command use cases. For example, in a non-limiting inventory use case (e.g., other scenarios or use cases may apply, not limited to the inventory use case) , steps 302-304 can be provided as a baseline to support the inventory use case. In another example, in a non-limiting inventory and command use case, the procedure can be supported by steps 302-306 as the baseline. For purposes of providing examples, inventory can refer to a service provided by a network to discover and / or acquire the identifier of a device, such as an A-IoT device, and a command can refer to a service provided by the network to send / provide the operation instruction to the A-IoT device (e.g., read, write, etc. ) .
[0046] The logical system architecture for A-IoT can be described in conjunction with at least one of but not limited to FIGS. 4-5. The logical system architecture can include a plurality of architectural elements, such as at least one of A-IoT device (e.g., 402) , A-IoT radio access network (RAN) (e.g., 404) , A-IoT core network (CN) (e.g., 406, sometimes referred to as a core network) , XX interface, common reader function, A-IoT RAN node function, etc. The A-IoT device (or a device) can refer to an equipment with one or more predefined characteristics, features, or functions, such as described in the specification (e.g., TS 22.369 and TR 38.848) . The A-IoT RAN can host certain functions for A-IoT as part of the functional elements in the RAN. The A-IoT radio can serve or execute as the radio interface between the A-IoT device and the A-IoT RAN node in topology 1 (e.g., described in conjunction with FIG. 4) , and / or between the A-IoT device and the A-IoT-enabled user equipment (UE) (e.g., 502) in topology 2 (e.g., described in conjunction with FIG. 5) . The A-IoT CN can host one or more functions for A-IoT as part of the functional elements in the CN.
[0047] The XX interface can refer to an interface between the A-IoT RAN (or A-IoT-enabled gNB (e.g., 504) ) and the A-IoT CN. Certain A-IoT functions can be performed on the XX interface. The XX interface can include or correspond to the NG interface or other types of interfaces. The NGAP protocol can be used on the XX interface between the A-IoT RAN and the A-IoT CN. The common reader function can include a function that communicates with the A-IoT device via the A-IoT radio. The A-IoT RAN node function can include, for example, the control of the A-IoT radio resources used towards the A-IoT device.
[0048] FIG. 4 illustrates an example block diagram of a logical system architecture 400 for topology 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the logical system architecture 400, the common reader function and the A-IoT RAN node function can be deployed within an A-IoT RAN 404. As shown, the device 402 can be communicatively coupled to the A-IoT RAN 404 via the radio interface and the A-IoT RAN 404 can be communicatively coupled to the CN 406 via the XX interface. The A-IoT RAN 404 can be an intermediary between the device 402 and the CN 406.
[0049] FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram of a logical system architecture 500 for topology 2, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The logical system architecture 500 can include the common reader function located at an A-IoT-enabled UE 502, and the A-IoT RAN node function located at an A-IoT-enabled gNB 504. The A-IoT-enabled gNB 504 can support / provide the A-IoT RAN node function in topology 2, capable of communicating with the A-IoT-enabled UE 504 via the new radio (NR) Uu interface, e.g., facilitating the exchange of data and control signals for operating the A-IoT system. The A-IoT-enabled UE 502 can support the common reader function, capable of communicating with the device 402 via the radio interface, e.g., facilitating the initiation and management of the communication between the device 402 and the network (e.g., CN 406) .
[0050] It should be noted that the term “device” can refer to an A-IoT device, the term “reader” can refer to a function that communicates with the A-IoT device by means of A-IoT radio. As another example, the term “reader” can refer to the A-IoT RAN node 404 which comprises at least the reader function. The device ID discussed herein may be a temporary ID or a permanent ID of a device or an upper layer ID transparent or invisible to MAC layer, e.g., protected by NAS. The negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication for msg3 can be explicit or implicit, e.g., can be achieved or represented by re-transmission of msg2.
[0051] Example Paging Implementation 1: Sub-Grouping for Paging
[0052] In A-IoT inventory or inventory and command cases / scenarios, there may be a relatively large number of target devices (e.g., A-IoT devices) to be paged for one service. However, paging all devices via one paging message or procedure can result in a relatively lengthy inventory procedure and low efficiency. An inventory procedure can refer to a process of collecting, managing, or transmitting information about network resources, devices, or configurations, such as from one or more devices to the at least a reader. In such scenarios, performing subgrouping can be desired to divide target devices into multiple groups to improve the efficiency of the inventory procedure.
[0053] Example Configuration 1: CN Performs Subgrouping
[0054] In some configurations, a CN can perform subgrouping of target devices to be paged for one service. Subgrouping can refer to or involve splitting the target devices into multiple / several groups.
[0055] In some implementations, a reader or a gNB (e.g., wireless communication node, transmission reception point (TRP) , or BS) supporting A-IoT RAN node function or an A-IoT RAN node function (e.g., which communicates with the reader) can send / provide an indication of a (expected or determined) number of devices (e.g., wireless communication devices or A-IoT devices) in a paging message or an inventory procedure to the CN. The CN can send a message or signal requesting the reader to perform / initiate / execute the inventory procedure, e.g., as a response to receiving the expected number of devices. The reader can receive / obtain / acquire the message from the CN. Subsequent to or in response to receiving the message, the reader can perform the inventory procedure towards the device (s) over the A-IoT radio interface. Performing the inventory procedure towards the device can involve collecting and / or gathering information about the device identifier (ID) , capabilities, status, or configurations of the device.
[0056] In some implementations, the CN can send a (first) message (or a request) requesting the reader or a gNB supporting A-IoT RAN node function or an A-IoT RAN node function (e.g., which communicates with the reader) to initiate / perform the inventory procedure. The reader or gNB supporting A-IoT RAN node function or A-IoT RAN node function (e.g., which communicates with the reader) can receive the request from the CN. The reader or a gNB supporting A-IoT RAN node function or an A-IoT RAN node function (e.g., which communicates with the reader) can send a response (e.g., an inventory response or a failure message) to the CN. In some cases, the inventory response or failure message can include at least one of: the expected (or maximum or preferred) number of devices in the paging message or the inventory procedure, an indication of a failure to initiate the inventory procedure, failure cause information indicating the cause of the failure, an indication that the number of devices exceeds a predefined threshold, a request to divide target devices into multiple groups, a request to reduce the number of devices in a paging message or an inventory procedure, and / or the suggested or preferred number of groups for dividing target devices into multiple groups. The suggested or preferred number can be configured at the reader or the RAN node. In some cases, the suggested or preferred number can be determined by the reader or RAN node, such as according to at least one of the device density, radio resource usage, radio condition, etc. The inventory response or failure message can include other non-limiting information. The CN can send another (or a second) message requesting the reader or gNB supporting A-IoT RAN node function or A-IoT RAN node function (e.g., which communicates with the reader) to perform / initiate the inventory procedure. The second message or request can include a number of target devices that is relatively smaller than the first message or request.
[0057] Example Configuration 2: Reader Performs Subgrouping
[0058] In some configurations, the reader can perform the subgrouping of devices. In some implementations, the current group number can be indicated / provided / included in a paging message. For example, the CN can send a message requesting the reader to perform the inventory procedure. The message can include an indication of the estimated, approximate, or determined number of target devices. The reader can receive the indication of the number of target devices from the CN. The reader can determine to divide the target devices into multiple groups. The reader can perform the inventory procedure towards the device (s) over the radio interface via or by sending at least one R2D message, such as a paging message.
[0059] The paging message can include an indication of at least one of a number of groups, the current group number (e.g., for identifying the subgroup to which the device receiving the paging message belongs during the paging process) , a group identity or identifier, filter criteria for determining the target device, resource information for msg1 transmission, transaction ID (or communication ID) , etc. The transaction ID may be generated by the reader based on a correlation ID from the CN. The correlation ID may be used for the ambient IoT function (AIOTF) , which may have one or more functionalities of an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) to correlate the inventory responses received from the reader to the inventory request. For example, the transaction ID can be related with an inventory and / or command service.
[0060] The resource information can include an indication of at least one of: a number of allocated slots, a number of frequency resources triggered by an R2D message, a number of time resources triggered by an R2D message, etc. The group identity in the R2D message can be generated by the CN. In some cases, the paging message may include an indication of at least one of: whether the number of groups is indicated in the (first) paging message, whether the current group number is indicated in the paging message, a length of a field indicating the number of groups (e.g., field ‘number of groups’ ) , and / or a length of a field indicating the current group number (e.g., field ‘current group number’ ) , among others.
[0061] The device can receive the paging message from the reader, e.g., as part of the reader performing the inventory procedure. Subsequent to receiving the paging message, the device can select, obtain, draw, or acquire a random group number. The randomly selected group number (or value) can represent the group that the device belongs to. The device can obtain the random group number based on or according to (the indication of) the number of groups received via the R2D message (or paging message) . For example, the random number can include or be an integer within a range of zero to the number of groups. The device may not select a new random group number when it receives a (subsequent or next) paging message including the same group identity, filter criteria, and / or transaction ID as the previous paging message.
[0062] In further examples, the device can respond (or transmit a response) to the paging message from the reader when or after determining that the current group number received in the paging message corresponds to or matches the selected random group number, e.g., the device is notified to respond as part of the group associated with the random group number. The device can transmit the response as part of a random access procedure. For instance, the device can respond to the paging message if the device determined that the current group number received in the (current) paging message correspond to the selected random group number, which represents that the device is a target device, based on at least one of the group identity, filter criteria, and / or transaction ID. If the device determines that the current group number in a paging message does not equal to or is not the same as the selected random group number, the device may not respond to the paging message, e.g., the device is not the target device.
[0063] In some implementations, the device can perform a countdown and the current group number may not be indicated in the paging message. For example, the CN can send a message (e.g., a request) requesting the reader to perform the inventory procedure. The request can include an indication of the (estimated, approximate, or maximum) number of target devices. The reader can determine to divide the target devices into multiple groups according to the indicated number of target devices. The reader can initiate / perform the inventory procedure towards the device (s) over the radio interface by sending an R2D message, such as a paging message. The paging message can include an indication of at least one of: a number of groups, a group identity, a filter criteria to determine the target device, resource information for msg1 transmission, transaction ID, etc. The resource information can include an indication of at least one of but not limited to: a number of allocated slots, a number of frequency resources triggered by one R2D message, and / or number of time resources triggered by one R2D message. The group identity in the R2D message may be generated by the CN. In some cases, the paging message may include an indication of at least one of: whether the number of groups is indicated in the message, and / or the length of the field “number of groups, ” among others. The device can obtain or select a random group number to determine the group the device belongs to, based on the number of groups received via the R2D message. The random number can include an integer within the range of zero to the number of groups. The device may not draw a new random group number when it receives a paging message including the same group identity, filter criteria, and / or transaction ID as the previous paging message. Each device can set or configure the value of a variable for or associated with the group (e.g., labeled as Ng) to the selected random group number. The respective device can decrease / reduce / decrement the value or the variable for the group by one upon receiving a subsequent paging message, such as a paging message including the same group identity, filter criteria, and / or transaction ID. When the value of the variable for the group reaches or is equal to a predefined value (e.g., configured value zero for the devices) , the device can determine that responding to the paging message is allowed if the device is a target device, e.g., based on at least one of the group identity, filter criteria, and / or transaction ID.
[0064] Example Paging Implementation 2: New Paging Round Indication in Paging Message
[0065] In some cases, a device may be configured to determine the next / subsequent paging round for re-access, for instance, instead of re-accessing in the current paging round after the device failed a random access procedure. However, multiple paging messages may be transmitted / sent in one paging round to allow one or more opportunities or chances for one or more devices to perform an initial access procedure, e.g., in the event the one or more devices missed or did not receive an initial paging message (e.g., due to the device being in a power off or inactive state, signal interference, or obstructions) . In this case, the device may not identify a new paging round (e.g., consider or regard the new paging message as the start of a new paging round) when the device receives a new paging message with the same transaction ID. Hence, it may be desired for the device to identify a new paging round to initiate a re-access procedure.
[0066] In various implementations, the reader can send an R2D message to the device. The device can receive the R2D message from the reader. The R2D message can include paging round-related information. For instance, the device can determine whether it can initiate re-access and / or determine the start of the next paging round based on or according to the paging round-related information. Initiating the re-access can refer to performing a second random access procedure.
[0067] In scenarios when the device failed the previous random access procedure, if the device determines that the paging round-related information in the R2D message is the same as the paging round-related information in the previous R2D message (e.g., with the same paging identity and / or transaction ID) , the device can determine not to initiate re-access for the R2D message. The paging identity can refer to at least one of device identity, group identity, group filter criteria, etc. Determining not to initiate the re-access can involve the device skipping or ignoring the paging message including the paging round-related information. If the device determines that the paging round-related information (e.g., for the same paging identity or transaction ID) in the R2D message is different from the previous R2D message, the device can initiate the re-access.
[0068] Example Paging Implementation 3: Device Determines Whether to Skip Duplicated Paging Message
[0069] In some cases, duplicated response may be expected or desired (e.g., to multiple readers) for the same service, e.g., for requesting location or locating a device. In some other cases, such as when the CN is unsure about the location of the device, the CN may send an inventory request to multiple readers and duplicated response may not be expected to multiple readers to avoid unnecessary response, which can increase resource consumption and reduce efficiency. Hence, it may be desired for one or more devices to differentiate and determine whether to respond or skip / ignore the duplicated paging message if the device has previously successfully responded to the paging message for the same service (e.g., paging with the same paging ID, group ID, filter criteria, and / or transaction ID. Duplicated paging (or duplicated paging message) can refer to redundant paging or multiple paging messages for the same service for the device or same group of devices, e.g. from the same reader or different readers.
[0070] In various implementations, the device can determine whether to skip the duplicated paging message according to information related to the duplicated paging message. For example, the reader can send information related to duplicated paging message to the device, e.g., via a paging message. The device can receive the paging message from the reader, including the duplicated paging message-related information. The information related to duplicated paging can include at least one of but not limited to: a purpose of the paging (e.g., location) , an indication of whether a duplicated response is to be sent, an indication of whether the duplicated response is to be skipped or ignored, and / or an indication to re-access (or respond to the paging message) or to skip the indication or the paging message.
[0071] Subsequently, when the device has successfully responded to the paging message for the same group (e.g., paging message with the same paging ID, group ID, filter criteria, and / or mask) and / or the same service (e.g., paging message with the same transaction ID) , the device determine whether to respond or skip the paging message based on the received information related to the duplicated paging. For example, the device can determine that responding to the paging message was successful, when the random access procedure triggered by the paging is successfully completed, e.g. msg1 and / or msg3 successfully received by the reader. In another example, if the information related to duplicated paging indicates the purpose of the paging, the device can respond to the paging, for instance, when or if the purpose of the paging is for the location-related service (e.g., to identify the location of the device) . For instance, requesting the location of the device can represent that the duplicated paging is expected, and that the device is to respond to the duplicated paging.
[0072] Example Paging Implementation 4: Length of D2R Data
[0073] In A-IoT, the device may not send scheduling request (SR) and / or buffer status report (BSR) to the reader. The reader may obtain an estimated or approximate D2R message size from the CN. In certain A-IoT systems, the reader may not have information regarding the exact D2R message size. If the D2R grant allocated by the reader is smaller than the size of the D2R message to be sent from the device to the reader, the device may divide the D2R message into multiple segments. However, the size of the last segment may not be exactly the same as a grant. A grant can refer to a resource allocation message for allowing one or more devices to transmit uplink data, for example. Further, the D2R grant allocated by the reader may be larger or greater than the size of the D2R message to be sent. In scenarios where the size of D2R message does not match the resource allocated by the reader, the reader may not be capable of decoding the D2R message correctly. The systems and methods of the technical solution can provide one or more configurations in consideration of the scenarios hereinabove.
[0074] Example Configuration 1
[0075] In some configurations, the device can include, add, or provide the length of the D2R data, D2R message, or payload in the D2R medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) . The D2R MAC PDU can include the D2R data. The device can send the D2R MAC PDU (including the D2R data) to the reader. In some cases, the device can send the D2R MAC PDU including the length of the D2R data to the reader when at least one condition of a plurality of conditions is met / satisfied. The condition for sending the D2R MAC PDU (or for including the length of the D2R data, D2R message, or payload in the D2R MAC PDU) can include at least one of but not limited to: the D2R data is not segmented, the D2R MAC PDU is the last segment, and / or the D2R MAC PDU indicates that there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted / sent (e.g., no more data to be sent) .
[0076] Example Configuration 2
[0077] In some configurations, the device can include one or more padding bits in the D2R MAC PDU including the D2R data. The device can transmit the D2R MAC PDU including the one or more padding bits and the D2R data to the reader. In some cases, the device may include the one or more padding bits in the D2R MAC PDU or send the D2R MAC PDU including the one or more padding bits when at least one condition is met. The condition can include at least one of but not limited to: the D2R data is not segmented, the D2R MAC PDU is the last segment, and / or the D2R MAC PDU indicates that there is no subsequent D2R data to be sent.
[0078] Example Paging Implementation 5: Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) D2R Resource Allocation
[0079] In some implementations, for the D2R message transmission from the device to the reader, the reader may send, to the device, the resource allocated for the device (e.g., time and / or frequency resources) . However, when the size of the D2R data to be sent is relatively large, such as a size of greater than a predefined threshold, the device can divide / split the D2R data into multiple segments and send the divided segments separately. In such cases, if the reader allocates resource separately for each D2R transmission (e.g., each segment) , excess time and / or overhead may be consumed for the D2R transmission. Hence, the systems and methods can provide one or more configurations in consideration of the scenarios hereinabove.
[0080] Example Configuration 1
[0081] In some configurations, the reader can send a grant for D2R data to the device, e.g., via R2D message. The grant for D2R data can include at least one of but not limited to: semi-persistent resource indication, location of frequency resource (e.g., frequency index) , a number of resources which the location of frequency resource applies to, and / or layer 1 control information. For example, the reader can determine the number of resources which the location of frequency resource applies to according to or based on the approximate D2R data size, e.g., obtained from the CN or the device.
[0082] The device can receive the grant for D2R data from the reader. Subsequently, the device can transmit / send multiple D2R MAC PDUs (including the D2R data) to the reader based on the received grant for D2R data in at least one R2D message including the grant for D2R data. In some cases, the device may be configured to send a D2R message after receiving an R2D message from the reader indicating the number of successfully received bits.
[0083] Example Configuration 2
[0084] In some configurations, the reader can send a grant for D2R data to the device, e.g., via R2D message. The grant for D2R data can include at least one of but not limited to: one or more locations of time resources (e.g., time resource indices) , one or more locations of frequency resources (e.g., frequency indices) , a number of resources allocated, and / or layer 1 control information. For example, the reader can determine the number of resources based on the approximate D2R data size, e.g., obtained from the CN or the device. The device can send one or more D2R data MAC PDU in the one or more resources to the reader based on the received grant for D2R data in at least one R2D message including the grant for D2R data.
[0085] Example Paging Implementation 6: Multiplexing for R2D Message
[0086] In some implementations, the reader may include the R2D information for multiple devices in one R2D message. For example, the reader may be configured to send an R2D command message to multiple devices, with the R2D command for these devices being the same. However, if the reader send R2D command message to these devices separately, there may be excessive overhead or wasted resources. Hence, it may be desired to achieve or support the multiplexing of multiple devices in one R2D message.
[0087] In some configurations, the reader can send an R2D message to the device. The R2D message can include one or more messages or information, such as at least one of: a paging message, an msg2, a negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication, a command message, bits of successfully received data, offset information, etc. The R2D message can include at least one of but not limited to: transaction ID, cast type (e.g., multicast, broadcast, unicast, etc. ) , one or more device identities (IDs) , a number of device identities included in the R2D message, a number of resources, command information (e.g., the command information may be applicable to one or more devices) , a NACK indication, scheduled resource information, an (first) indication of a number of devices which the command information applies, an (second) indication of a number of devices which the NACK information applies, an (third) indication of a number of devices which the scheduled resource information applies, and / or an indication indicating whether one or more of the first to third indications are included in the R2D message. In some configurations, the R2D messages sent during inventory and / or command procedure may include transaction ID, for instance, because parallel services (e.g., related to different transaction ID) in some cases may not be supported at the device.
[0088] The device identity can include or correspond to at least one of: random numbers (e.g., 16-bit random number (RN16) ) , access layer identity (AS ID) allocated by the reader, device ID, temporary ID, a permanent ID, etc. It should be noted that the random number is not limited to 16-bit random number, and other values can be selected, set, or configured, e.g., 8-bit random number, 32-bit random number, etc. In some cases, the NACK indication may indicate that the reader did not receive the corresponding D2R message or the reception of the corresponding D2R message was unsuccessful, e.g., msg3 or D2R message.
[0089] The scheduled resource information can include at least one of but not limited to: time location of resources, frequency location of resources, layer 1 control information, etc. The layer 1 control information include at least one of: transport block size (TBS) , chip duration, and / or repetition, among other types of information. In some cases, the scheduled resource information may be associated with or applicable to one or more devices.
[0090] The device can receive the R2D message from the reader. The device may send the D2R data to the reader based on or according to the R2D message.
[0091] Example Paging Implementation 7: Data Available Indication
[0092] In some cases, the reader may be configured to send an R2D command message to instruct the device to report available data. However, the reader may not have information on whether there is available data to be sent at the device. Further, it may be possible that there is no data available at the device. Hence, the systems and methods of the technical solution can include features or functionalities to provide available data indication to or for the reader.
[0093] For example, the device can send available data-related information to the reader via a D2R message, e.g., msg1, msg3, or other types of messages or signalings not limited those discussed herein. The available data-related information can include at least one of but not limited to: an indication (or indicator) of whether there is data available at the device and / or the size of the available data at the device. The reader can receive / obtain the available data-related information. According to the available data-related information, the reader may determine whether there is data available at the device and / or the size of the available data, for example.
[0094] Example Paging Implementation 8: Segmentation
[0095] In some cases, if the size of R2D data is larger than the allocated resource, the device may divide a message into multiple segments. Further, the reader may send the number of the successfully received bits to the device, e.g., for the device to determine whether to perform re-transmission. In such cases, it may be desired to indicate the number of successfully received bits by the reader and / or the types of information be included in the MAC PDU for sending the number of the successfully received bits.
[0096] In some configurations, the device can send a D2R message to the reader. The D2R message can include segmented data or non-segmented data. For instance, the D2R message can include at least one of but not limited to: segment indication, D2R data, and / or last segment indication.
[0097] The reader can receive the D2R message from the device. The reader can send a R2D message to the device subsequent to receiving the D2R message. The R2D message can include at least one of but not limited to: an indication of whether the scheduling resource information for a subsequent / next segment or D2R message is included, an indication of the length of the field for a number of successfully received bits at the reader (e.g., the field “number of successfully received bits at the reader” ) , and / or an indication of the number of successfully received bits by the reader. For the indication of whether the scheduling resource information for the next segment or D2R message is included, if the received D2R message indicates that it is the last / final segment or D2R message, the scheduling resource information for the next segment or the next D2R message may not be included / provided.
[0098] In some implementations, for the D2R data that is divided into multiple segments and sent to the reader via multiple D2R messages, the reader may send, to the device, an R2D message including an indication of the number of successfully received bits after the reception of each of the segmented D2R data message or after the reception of the D2R message including the last segment. In some implementations, if the reader sends the R2D message including an indication of the number of successfully received bits after reception of each of the segmented D2R data message, the number of successfully received bits can be counted at the reader starting from the first bit of the first segment or starting from the first bit of the segment which triggered the current R2D message.
[0099] In some cases, the number of successfully received bits may be indicated in a granularity of N bits or bytes. In this case, the N can be a value greater / larger than or equal to one, for example. In some configurations, the offset field (e.g., the number of successfully received bits) may include or be a fixed size or variable size. For example, if the offset field is variable sized (e.g., relatively more flexible to allow overhead reduction) , the length of the offset field may be included, for instance, as part of the R2D message.
[0100] Example Random Access Implementation 1: CFRA Procedure for Inventory for a Device
[0101] In various implementations, the systems and methods of the technical solution can provide one or more procedures, features, or operations using contention-free random access (CFRA) to perform an inventory (operation) for a (single) device. Inventory can be performed to identify or determine the identity of the device. In the random access procedure discussed herein, the messages (e.g., msg0, msg1, msg2, msg3, etc. ) can refer to the four step message exchange between the devices or network components, for instance, between the device and the reader to establish an uplink communication.
[0102] Example Configuration 1: MSG1 Without RN16, No MSG3
[0103] For msg0, the reader (e.g., 404 or network node) can send a paging message to a device (e.g., 402 or wireless communication device) . The msg0 can include the paging message transmitted / provided / sent from the reader to the device. The paging message can include at least one of: a device ID and / or dedicated resource for msg1 transmission. It should be noted that the messages or signalings discussed herein can include other information not limited to the example information provided or listed herein.
[0104] The device can receive / acquire / obtain the paging message from the reader. The device can transmit msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the paging message. In some cases, the msg1 may exclude or not include a 16-bit random number (RN16) or a device ID (of the device) . The RN16 may be selected (randomly) by the device, among other network components or devices. In some configurations, the msg1 may include an acknowledgement (ACK) indication, e.g., acknowledging or indicating that the device ID is available and / or indicating that the device is present. In some implementations, the D2R message type included / comprised / indicated in the msg1 may indicate or represent that the D2R message type is an ACK indication, for example. In such configurations for CFRA, the device may not be required to send RN16 in the msg1 and / or the device ID in msg3, thereby reducing overhead or minimizing resource consumption.
[0105] The reader can derive the corresponding device ID subsequent to or upon receiving the msg1 from the device at the dedicated resource. The reader can derive the corresponding device ID based on or according to a mapping between the dedicated resource for msg1 and device ID. After deriving the device ID, the reader can send / forward the device ID to the CN, e.g., in an inventory report message.
[0106] For example, the paging message can serve as an implicit NACK indication of msg1. If the reader does not receive an ACK from the device, the reader can re-transmit the paging message to the same device, e.g., in the next paging round. If the device does not receive the subsequent paging message, the device may regard the CFRA as successful. Otherwise, if the device receives a subsequent paging message, the device may regard the random access (RA) as failed / unsuccessful.
[0107] Example Configuration 2: Unified Msg1 or Msg2, No Msg3 for CFRA For msg0, the reader can send a paging message to the device. The paging message can include at least one of device ID and / or dedicated resource for msg1 transmission, among other information. The device can receive the paging message from the reader. The device can send msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the paging message. The msg1 can include the 16-bit random number selected by the device, e.g., RN16.
[0108] The reader can receive the msg1 from the device. Subsequently, the reader can send the successfully received RN16 to the device via msg2. The device can receive the msg2 from the reader, including at least the RN16. In this example, the resource (e.g., grant) for msg3 transmission may not be included in the msg2 from the reader. In some cases, the reader may indicate or provide an indication of whether D2R grant for msg3 is included in msg2. Additionally or alternatively, the reader may indicate whether the device is to send device ID to the reader via msg3 in msg2 (e.g., the indication can be included in msg2, indicating for the device to send the device ID via msg3) . In some configurations, the device can determine that sending the device ID to the reader is not required or not needed, for instance, when or if the D2R grant for msg3 is not included in or is excluded from the msg2.
[0109] The reader can derive the corresponding device ID subsequent to receiving msg1 at the dedicated resource based on a mapping or correlation between the dedicated resource for msg1 and the device ID. Then, the reader can send the (derived) device ID to the CN, e.g., in the inventory report message.
[0110] Example Random Access Implementation 2: CFRA for Inventory and Command for a Device
[0111] In some implementations, the systems and methods of the technical solution can provide one or more procedures using CFRA to perform an inventory operation and provide command for a device.
[0112] Example Configuration 1: Msg1 Without RN16
[0113] In some configurations, RN16 may be excluded or not included in the msg1. One or more operations may be described in conjunction with at least the example configuration 1 of example implementation 1, for example. For example, for msg0, the reader can send a paging message to the device. The paging message can include at least one of but not limited to a device ID and / or dedicated resource for msg1 transmission. The device can receive the paging message from the reader. The device can send msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the paging message. The paging message may not include RN16 and / or the device ID, in some cases. Additionally or alternatively, the msg1 may include an ACK indication. In some cases, the D2R message type included in the msg1 may indicate that the D2R message type is an ACK indication.
[0114] The reader can derive the corresponding device ID upon receiving msg1 at the dedicated resource, for instance, based on a mapping between the dedicated resource for msg1 and the corresponding device ID. The reader can send a command message to the device. The command message can include at least one of the device ID and / or the dedicated resource for a subsequent D2R message. The command message can include other non-limiting information. In some implementations, an AS ID, e.g., an identity used to identify the device in the scope of the reader (e.g., the reader utilizing the AS ID to identify the device) , can be included in the command message. The device can send upper layer data to the reader according to the command message.
[0115] Example Configuration 2: Paging Includes Command
[0116] For msg0, the reader can send the paging message. In this case, the paging message can include at least one of but not limited to: device ID, AS ID, a D2R grant for transmitting or transmission data (e.g., resource allocated for D2R transmission) , and / or command information. In some cases, the paging message may include at least one of: an indication / indicator of whether an AS ID is included in the paging message, an indication of whether the command information (or at least one command) is included in the paging message, an indication of whether a D2R grant is included in the paging message, and / or an indication of whether the D2R grant is for msg1, D2R data (e.g., transmission data) , and / or upper layer data.
[0117] The device can receive the paging message from the reader. The device can send D2R data (e.g., upper layer data) to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the paging message.
[0118] Example Configuration 3: Unified Msg1 and Msg2, No Device ID in Msg3
[0119] For msg0, the reader can send the paging message, including the device ID and / or dedicated resource for msg1 transmission to the device. The device can send msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the paging message. The msg1 can include at least the RN16 selected by the device. The reader can send the successfully received RN16 to the device via msg2. In this example, the resource (e.g., grant) for msg3 transmission may not be included in (or may be excluded from) msg2.
[0120] In some cases, the msg2 can include at least one of but not limited to: command information, a grant for D2R data, an indication of whether the D2R grant is included, an indication of whether the D2R grant for D2R data is included, an indication of whether the D2R grant for msg3 is included, an indication of whether the D2R grant is for msg3 or D2R data, an indication of whether a command (e.g., command information) is included, an indication of whether the device is to send device ID to the reader via a subsequent D2R message. Subsequent to receiving msg2, the device can send upper layer data to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the msg2, for example.
[0121] Example Random Access Implementation 3: CFRA for Multiple Devices and Resource List
[0122] In some implementations, the systems and methods of the technical solution can provide one or more configurations using CFRA to perform an inventory operation and / or provide command for multiple devices.
[0123] Example Configuration 1: Msg1 Comprises RN16 (Unified Configuration)
[0124] In the case of inventory (without command) , for msg0, the reader can send a paging message to multiple devices. In this case, the paging message can include multiple device IDs and / or dedicated resources for msg1 transmission for the respective devices. The mapping between the device ID and dedicated resource can be implicit or explicit. For example, to explicitly provide the mapping, the time and / or frequency resource for msg1 transmission for each device can be indicated in the paging message (or other types of signaling or messages) . In another example, to implicitly provide the mapping, the resources for devices may be listed in the same order as in the list of devices (e.g., listing the resources in a corresponding order as listing the device IDs can implicitly indicate the mapping between the device ID and the dedicated resource) . In some cases, the paging message may indicate at least one of but not limited to: a time resource index, a frequency resource index, an indication of a number of time resources, an indication of a number of frequency resources, and / or an indication of a number of device IDs in the paging message.
[0125] After receiving the paging message, the device can send msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated / provided via the paging message. The msg1 can include at least the random numbers selected by the device, e.g., RN16. The reader can send msg2 to the device after receiving msg1. The msg2 can include at least one of: multiple successfully received RN16, dedicated resources for msg3 transmission, etc. In some cases, the msg2 may include an indication of the number of random numbers in msg2. The device can receive the msg2 from the receiver. The device can send msg3 to the reader, such as in response to or subsequent to receiving msg2. The msg3 can include at least the device ID of the device, as part of the inventory operation.
[0126] In some cases, the msg3 can include the type and / or length of the device ID. The type of device ID can include at least one of: permanent ID, temporary ID, device identity, group identity, filter criteria, truncated device identity, etc. The truncated device identity may refer to a portion of reported bits (or one or more reported bits) which are extracted from the whole device identity. In some configurations, the reader may indicate (e.g., via paging message or msg2) , to the device, the type and / or length of the device ID to be reported to the reader from the device. It should be noted that the types of information in msg3, the type of device ID, the truncated device identity, and / or the indication from the reader discussed hereinabove, among other features, can apply to other cases, e.g., CFRA, CBRA, inventory, inventory and command, etc.
[0127] In the case of inventory and command, one or more steps or operations may be similar to the case of inventory without command. For example, the transmission and reception of the paging message (or msg0) , msg1, msg2, and / or msg3 can be similar to or be described in conjunction with the case of inventory without command. After the device sends msg3 to the reader and the receiver receives the msg3, the reader can send a command message to the device. The command message can include at least one of: RN16 of the device, AS ID of the device, and / or resource allocation (or dedicated resource) for D2R data, among others.
[0128] The device can receive the command message from the reader. The device can send upper layer data (e.g., as part of the D2R data) to the reader using the dedicated resource provided in the command message.
[0129] Example Configuration 2: Msg1 Without RN16
[0130] In the case of inventory (without command) , for msg0, the reader can send a paging message to multiple devices. The paging message can include multiple device IDs and / or dedicated resources for the respective devices to perform msg1 transmission. The mapping between the device ID and dedicated resource can be implicit or explicit.
[0131] The device can send msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource indicated via the paging message. The paging message may not include RN16 and / or device ID. In some cases, msg1 can include an ACK indication. The D2R message type included in the msg1 may be used as an indicator for an ACK indication, e.g., D2R message type may be used as or represent the ACK indication. The reader can derive the corresponding device ID upon receiving msg1 at the dedicated resource based on mapping between the dedicated resource for msg1 and device ID. The reader can send the device ID to the CN, e.g., in the inventory report message.
[0132] In the case of inventory and command, one or more steps or operations may be similar to the case of inventory without command. For example, the transmission and reception of the paging message (or msg0) and / or msg1 can be similar to or be described in conjunction with the case of inventory without command. The paging message transmitted from the reader and received by the device may not include RN16 or device ID. In this case, after the device sends msg1 to the reader and the reader receives msg1 from the device, the reader can send a command message to the device. The command message can include or indicate at least one of: device ID of the device, AS ID of the device, resource allocation for D2R data, etc. The device can send upper layer data to the reader using the dedicated resource provided via the command message or other signalings from the reader, for example.
[0133] Example Configuration 3: Unified Msg1 and Msg2, No Msg3 for CFRA
[0134] In the case of inventory (without command) , for msg0, the reader can send a paging message to multiple devices. The paging message can include multiple device IDs and / or dedicated resources for the respective devices to perform msg1 transmission. The mapping between device ID and dedicated resource can be implicit or explicit. The device can receive the paging message. The device can transmit msg1 to the reader using the dedicated resource provided via the paging message. The msg1 can include at least the RN16 selected or configured by the device. The reader can send msg2 to the device after receiving msg1. The msg2 can include at least multiple successfully received RN16. The msg2 may include an indication of the number of random numbers in msg2. The device can receive the msg2 from the receiver.
[0135] In this example, the resource (e.g., grant) for msg3 transmission may not be included in the msg2. In some cases, the reader provide an indication of whether the D2R grant for msg3 is included or provided in msg2. In some configurations, the reader may provide an indication of whether the device is configured to send the device ID to the reader in msg2. Additionally or alternatively, the device (s) can determine not to send device ID to the reader (or that the device is not required to send the device ID) , for instance, when the D2R grant for msg3 is not included in (or when D2R grant for msg3 is excluded from) msg2.
[0136] Upon receiving the msg1 at the dedicated resource from the device, the reader can derive the corresponding device ID based on the mapping between the dedicated resource for msg1 and the device ID. Subsequently, the reader may send the device ID to the CN, e.g., in the inventory report message.
[0137] In the case of inventory and command, one or more steps or operations may be similar to the case of inventory without command. For example, the transmission and reception of the paging message (or msg0) , msg1, and / or msg2 can be similar to or be described in conjunction with the case of inventory without command. The paging message transmitted from the reader and received by the device may not include RN16 or device ID. In this example, the resource (e.g., grant) for msg3 transmission may not be included in msg2. In some implementations, msg2 can include at least one of but not limited to: command information, grants for D2R data for multiple devices, an indication of the number of devices, an indication of whether D2R grant is included in msg2, an indication of whether D2R grant for D2R data is included in msg2, an indication of whether D2R grant for msg3 is included in msg2, an indication of whether the D2R grant is for msg3 or D2R data, an indication of whether a command (e.g., the command information) is included in msg2, and / or an indication of whether the device is configured to send device ID to the reader in msg2. Using the dedicated resource indicated in msg2 from the reader, the device can send upper layer data to the reader.
[0138] Example Random Access Implementation 4: CBRA for Devices
[0139] In certain scenarios, for contention-based random access (CBRA) , the paging message may or may not contain / include paging ID (e.g., device ID, group ID, filter, and / or mask) . The absence of paging ID from the paging message can indicate that the devices (e.g., any or all devices) receiving the paging message are to respond. In such cases, the systems and methods of the technical solution can provide one or more procedures for CBRA for various devices.
[0140] For example, the procedure for the CBRA for the devices may be similar to or include one or more procedures / operations as described in conjunction with the procedure for CBRA for a group of devices. In this case, the paging ID may not be included in the paging message, for example. The reader can provide an indication (to the device (s) ) of whether the paging ID is included in the paging message.
[0141] Example Random Access Implementation 5: Procedure for Command Service
[0142] For the command (service) , or for inventory and command, a technique or operation to perform / initiate / execute a procedure between the device and the reader may be desired.
[0143] Example Configuration 1 (for CBRA and / or CFRA case)
[0144] In some configurations, the reader can send an R2D message to the device. The R2D message can include at least one of the following non-limiting information:
[0145] · Message type. The message type may indicate that the (R2D) message includes a command. The message type may indicate the command is a read command, a write command, or other types of command.
[0146] · Command information.
[0147] · Device identity. The device identity can include at least one of: random numbers (e.g., RN16) , AS ID allocated by the reader, device ID, temporary ID, a permanent ID, etc.
[0148] · Scheduled resource information for D2R transmission. The scheduled resource information can include at least one of: time location of resources, frequency location of resources, layer 1 control information, etc. In some cases, layer 1 control information can include at least one of: TBS, chip duration, and / or repetition, as non-limiting examples. The scheduled resource information can be associated with or applicable to one or more devices.
[0149] · An indication of whether the scheduled resource information is for D2R data transmission.
[0150] · An indication of whether the scheduled resource information is for ACK transmission.
[0151] · An indication of whether the scheduled resource information is for NACK transmission.
[0152] For example, this step of sending the R2D message from the reader to the device can be performed / executed after the reader receives msg1 from the device, e.g., for CFRA case. For instance, the msg1 from the device may be a trigger message to initiate the sending of the R2D message. In some implementations, the step of sending the R2D message may be performed after the reader receives msg3 from the device, e.g., for CBRA case.
[0153] After receiving the R2D message, the device can send D2R message to the reader. In some arrangements, the ACK or NACK information of the received R2D message may be sent or indicated via the message type included in the D2R message. For instance, the message type can indicate that it is the ACK or NACK of the received R2D message. In some cases, the ACK or NACK may be sent or indicated via an indicator included in the D2R message. Additionally or alternatively, the ACK or NACK may be sent, indicated, or provided via the D2R data included in the D2R message.
[0154] Example Configuration 2 (for CBRA and / or CFRA case)
[0155] The example configuration 2 can include one or more operations similar to or as described in conjunction with the example configuration 1 (for CBRA and / or CFRA case) . In this case, for the example configuration 2, the command information may not be included in (or may be excluded from) the R2D message, e.g., sent from the reader to the device.
[0156] For example, the reader can send the R2D message to the device. The R2D message can include at least one of: a message type, the device identity, scheduled resource information for D2R transmission, layer 1 control information, an indication of whether the scheduled resource information is for D2R data transmission, etc. For example, the sending of the R2D message can be performed after the reader receives msg1 from the device, e.g., for CFRA case. In another example, the sending of the R2D message can be performed after the reader receives msg3 from the device, e.g., for CBRA case. Subsequently, the device can send D2R message to the reader. The D2R message may include D2R data.
[0157] Example Random Access Implementation 6: Different Content for Paging Message for CBRA and CFRA
[0158] In some scenarios, for inventory case, or inventory and command case, the reader may send a (A-IoT) paging message to the device, for instance, to trigger the device to perform random access. Two types / kinds of random access procedures can include CFRA and CBRA. The type of random access procedure to utilize can depend on whether the dedicated resource is allocated for the device for msg1 transmission. With the different types of random access procedure, the systems and methods of the technical solution can provide respective information to be included in the paging message for CBRA and CFRA.
[0159] Example Configuration 1: Paging for CBRA
[0160] The reader can send R2D message to the device (e.g., to trigger CBRA) . The R2D message can be a paging message or a trigger message (e.g., used to trigger random access or determine a time to access) . The R2D message can include at least one of but not limited to the following information:
[0161] · An indication of R2D message type, indicating that the R2D message is a paging message, a paging for CBRA message, or a trigger message.
[0162] · Transaction ID indicating at least one service which triggered the paging message.
[0163] · An indication of whether the transaction ID is included.
[0164] · Group ID or filter criteria, e.g., used to determine the group of target devices, e.g., which are expected to respond to the paging message.
[0165] · At least one parameter (e.g., Q) used to determine the total number of allocated slots in the time domain for msg1 transmission.
[0166] · An indication of a number (e.g., Y) of frequency resources triggered by an R2D message for msg1 transmission, e.g., if a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) is used.
[0167] · Layer 1 control information for msg1 transmission, e.g., indicating at least one of TBS, chip duration, repetition, etc.
[0168] · An indication of a number (e.g., X) of time resources triggered by an R2D message for msg1 transmission, e.g., if time division multiple access (TDMA) within a time slot is used.
[0169] The allocation of time and frequency resources can be described in conjunction with at least FIG. 6. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates an example plot 600 of time and frequency resources for msg1 transmission, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example plot 600 can include a time domain (e.g., extending along the x-axis) and a frequency domain (e.g., extending along the y-axis) . As included in the R2D message, Q can represent the total number of allocated slot, X can represent the number of time resources (if TDMA is used) , and Y can represent the number of frequency resources (if FDMA is used) .
[0170] For example, in FIG. 6, for X = 1 and Y = 4, there may be four frequency resources associated with one time resource, as in at least the 1st and 2nd slots. In another example, for X = 2 and Y = 4, there may be four frequency resources associated with two time resources, as in at least the 3rd and 4th slots. Each slot can include multiple time resources and / or frequency resources. A respective time and frequency resource for the msg1 transmission (e.g., presented as a block) can represent an access occasion. Each device can access one corresponding access occasion for msg1 transmission.
[0171] The device can receive the R2D message from the reader. The device can determine whether it is the target device according to the R2D message. For the respective device that determined it is the target device, the device can initiate / perform the CBRA procedure based on the paging message. In various implementations, the device can determine the access occasion to access according to the R2D message.
[0172] Example Configuration 2: Paging for CFRA
[0173] The reader can send a paging message to the device via an R2D message to trigger CFRA. The paging message can include at least one of: R2D message type, transaction ID, an indication of whether the transaction ID is included, one or more device identities, scheduled resource information for msg1 transmission, an indication of the number of devices the scheduled resource information applies, or other non-limiting information. The R2D message type can indicate that the R2D message is a paging message or a paging for CFRA message. The transaction ID can indicate the service which triggers the paging message. The one or more device identities can be utilized to identify one or more devices to respond to the paging message. The scheduled resource information for msg1 transmission can include at least one of: TBS, chip duration, repetition, location of frequency resource, location of time resource, etc.
[0174] In some cases, the scheduled resource information may be associated with or applicable to one or more device identities. The TBS information may be used to indicate whether the device ID is included in the msg1 by the device after receiving the paging message. In some cases, if the device ID is included in msg1, the TBS information may be utilized to indicate the type of device ID that is included in msg1. The device ID can include at least one of: RN16, AS ID, temporary device ID, permanent device ID, truncated device ID, or others.
[0175] The device which determines that it is the target device can initiate the CFRA procedure based on the paging message. The device may determine whether to include the device ID in msg1 according to the TBS information. In some implementations, if the device ID is not included in the msg1, an ACK indication may be included in msg1. The ACK indication may be indicated by the message type. In some arrangements, if the device ID is included in msg1, the device can determine which type of device ID is included in msg1 according to the TBS information.
[0176] Example Random Access Implementation 7: Differentiating CFRA and CBRA
[0177] In certain cases, when different configurations or designs are adopted or implemented for msg1, such as in one or more example implementations hereinabove, the device may be configured to determine whether to apply CBRA or CFRA procedure, e.g., whether to include RN16 in msg1 and / or whether to send msg3. The systems and methods of the technical solution can provide methods or techniques for determining whether to apply CBRA or CFRA procedure at the device.
[0178] In various configurations, the reader can indicate one or more information in a paging message to facilitate the decoding of the paging message (e.g., help the device decode the paging message) and / or the determination of whether to use CFRA or CBRA procedure. The information in the paging message can include but is not limited to at least one of:
[0179] · An indication of whether CBRA or CFRA resource are allocated for msg1. For example, if Q, X, and / or Y are included / contained in the paging message, the device can determine that the CBRA procedure is to be initiated. In another example, if the location of time and / or frequency resource is included in the paging message, the device can determine that the CFRA procedure is to be initiated.
[0180] · Paging ID type in the paging message. The paging ID can indicate whether the ID is a device ID or a group ID or filter. For example, if one or more device IDs are included in the paging message, the device can determine that CFRA procedure is to be initiated. In another example, if the group ID or filter for a group are included in the paging message, the device can determine that the CBRA procedure is to be initiated.
[0181] · An indication of the length of paging ID, e.g., device ID or group ID or filter.
[0182] · An indication of whether the paging message is for CBRA or CFRA.
[0183] · An indication of a message type, e.g., paging for CBRA or paging for CFRA.
[0184] · An indication of whether RN16 is to be included in msg1.
[0185] Example Random Access Implementation 8: Determination of Failed MSG3 Transmission
[0186] In some arrangements, the systems and methods can provide methods or techniques for determining that the transmission of msg3 has failed. Failing the msg3 transmission may involve the reader did not receive msg3 successfully. In some cases, a device ID may be included in msg3.
[0187] In various configurations, the reader can send a configuration to the device. The configuration can include a timer related to msg3, e.g. used at the device to determine whether the msg3 transmission has failed. As an example, the reader sends the configuration to the device via msg2.
[0188] The device can receive the configuration from the reader. The device use at least the timer (related to msg3) to determine whether the msg3 transmission has failed. For example, the device can initiate / start the timer after sending the msg3. If the device has not received one or more NACK indications within the time window based on the timer, the device can determine that msg3 transmission is successful. In some cases, the reader can re-transmit / resend msg2 which represents NACK indication for msg3. In some implementations, if the device receives one or more NACK indications in the time window, the device can re-transmit msg3 to the reader.
[0189] In some aspects, the NACK indication may or may not include resource allocated for msg3. Additionally or alternatively, if the device receives the one or more NACK indications in the time window, the deice can re-transmit msg3 to the reader if the resource allocated for msg3 is included in the NACK indication. Otherwise, if the device receives NACK indications in the time window, the device may not re-transmit msg3 to the reader, e.g., if resource allocated for msg3 is not included in the NACK indication.
[0190] Example Random Access Implementation 9: AS ID Assignment by a Reader
[0191] In certain cases, the AS ID of the device may reuse RN16 or be assigned by the reader. The systems and methods of the technical solution can provide methods or techniques for the device to determine or identify the usage of the AS ID assignment and / or the length of the AS ID.
[0192] In various implementations, the reader can send AS ID-related configuration to the device, for instance, via a paging message, a command message, or msg2. The AS ID-related configuration may include at least one of: an indication of whether RN16 is reused (e.g., for the AS ID) , an indication of whether a new AS ID is assigned, an indication of an assigned AS ID, and / or an indication of a length of the AS ID, if a new AS ID is assigned. For example, a relatively shorter AS ID can be assigned by the reader, e.g., to reduce the signaling overhead, such as for the CFRA case when there is a relatively small number of devices performing CFRA. In some cases, the reader can determine the length of the AS ID based on the number of devices in the coverage of the reader or in communication with the reader.
[0193] In some configurations, if the AS ID is allocated via paging message, the paging message can include an indication that the AS ID is allocated / included. For example, the indication (e.g., whether the AS ID is allocated) may be indicated by the message type included in the paging message. For instance, the message type in the paging message can indicate whether the AS ID has been allocated to the device.
[0194] In some other configurations, if AS ID is allocated via msg2, the AS ID assigned by the reader can indicate (or be used to indicate) resource information where the reader receives msg1. For example, one or more bits of the AS ID can indicate the time and / or frequency location or index of the resource information where the reader received msg1. With the AS ID-related configuration, the device can be configured or allowed / enabled to determine whether the device successfully transmitted msg1, for example, by using the AS ID to identify the time and / or frequency location or index of the resource where msg1 was received by the reader. The AS ID-related configuration can be implemented in various scenarios. For example, in a scenario when there is a collision in msg1, such as when two devices send the same random number (e.g., RN16) to the reader, the reader can utilize the AS ID to differentiate the devices that sent the same RN16, thereby allowing the identification of at least one message from which device was successfully received.
[0195] Example Implementation for Deleting Stored Information or Context
[0196] In various implementations, the systems and methods of the technical solution can provide features or functionalities for a device to determine whether it is allowed to delete the stored information and / or context of an inventory for a certain transaction ID.
[0197] Example for Inventory Case
[0198] In some configurations, after the device successfully completed a random access and / or reported the device ID to the reader, the device may not release or delete the transaction ID it stored. The transaction ID may be used to identify the current service the device is processing. The device may not release or delete the transaction ID, since the reader may initiate multiple paging rounds for the inventory for the same transaction ID and / or same device or group of devices. Hence, the device can maintain the status of inventory, random access, and / or paging procedure for the current transaction ID, group, and / or device, such that the device can determine whether to skip or respond to a subsequent paging according to the information related to the transaction ID. For example, if the device successfully completed a random access or inventory procedure for transaction ID X and group Y, and then if the device receives a subsequent paging message for transaction ID X and group Y, the device can ignore this subsequent paging message and not initiate (e.g., skip the initiation of) the random access (RA) procedure, e.g., the device does not respond to this subsequent paging message.
[0199] After the reader determines that it has completed the inventory procedure for a specific transaction ID, device, and / or group ID, e.g., for all target devices, the reader may proceed with a procedure for a new transaction ID and / or a new group. In this case, the device can release or delete the maintained RA or inventory status for the specific transaction ID, group ID, and / or device identity, for example. The device can determine whether it can delete the maintained status of an inventory or RA procedure by at least one of the following non-limiting example configurations (e.g., reader initiating the deletion or the device determining whether to delete) .
[0200] Example Configuration 1: Reader Provides an Indication to Device
[0201] In some configurations, the reader can indicate to the device whether to delete or release the maintained RA or inventory status. For example, the reader can send the R2D message to the device. The R2D message may be sent in broadcast, multicast, and / or unicast technique. The R2D message can include at least one of end / complete indicator, an indication that the end / complete indicator is for an inventory, a command, or inventory and command procedure, a transaction ID, a device identity, group ID, filter criteria, etc. The end / complete indicator may be indicated by the message type in the R2D message.
[0202] In some cases, the reader may receive a complete / end information for the inventory procedure from the CN before sending the R2D message to the device. The complete / end information can include at least one of but not limited to: complete / end indicator, transaction ID, device identity, group identity, filter criteria, an indication that the end / complete indicator is for an inventory, a command, or inventory and command procedure.
[0203] In some configurations, the device may release or delete the context of the inventory procedure indicated by the R2D message, which can include at least one of: a status indicator, a transaction ID, group identifier, filter criteria, device identity, and / or RN16, as a few examples. The status indicator can indicate the status of an inventory, paging, and / or random access procedure. For example, the status can include successful, failed, completed, or not completed.
[0204] Example Configuration 2: Device Performs Determination
[0205] In some configurations, the device can perform the determination of whether to release or delete the maintained RA or inventory status, e.g., after it receives a new R2D or paging message with a different transaction ID. Then, the device can release the context of a previous or stored inventory procedure, such as described in conjunction with the example configuration 1.
[0206] Example for Inventory and Command Case
[0207] Example Configuration 1
[0208] In various implementations, for inventory and command case, the reader can send a complete / end indicator for the inventory and command procedure separately. For example, after the inventory, random access, or paging is successfully completed, the reader can send a complete / end indicator for the inventory procedure to the device. The device can release all the context or information related to the inventory procedure.
[0209] After, the reader can send a command to the device. The command and the complete / end indicator can be sent in the same or separate R2D message. The command message can include at least one of but not limited to: device identity, transaction ID, group ID, command information, and / or resource information allocated for D2R transmission. In some configurations, the transaction ID for the command procedure may be the same as the transaction ID for the inventory procedure which the device completed.
[0210] The device can send data or ACK indicator to the reader. The reader can determine the command procedure has successfully completed according to the data or ACK indicator from the device. The reader can send R2D message to the device. The R2D message can include at least one of: an end / complete indicator which can be indicated by the message type in the R2D message, an indication that the end / complete indicator is for an inventory, a command, or inventory and command procedure, transaction ID, device identity, group identifier, and / or filter criteria, or other information or indications.
[0211] Additionally or alternatively, the reader can receive a complete / end information for the command procedure from the CN before sending the complete / end indicator for the command procedure to the device. The complete / end information can include at least one of: complete / end indicator, transaction ID, device identity, group identity, filter criteria, an indicator indicating that the end / complete indicator is for an inventory, a command, or inventory and command procedure, or others.
[0212] The device can release or delete at least a portion or all of the stored information or context related to the command procedure. These information or context can include at least one of: transaction ID, group identifier, filter criteria, device identity, RN16, AS ID, etc.
[0213] Example Configuration 2
[0214] In some configurations, the reader can send a complete / end indicator for the inventory or command procedure once. For example, after inventory, random access, ro paging procedure is successfully completed, the reader can send a command to the device. The command message can include at least one of: device identity, transaction ID, group identity, filter criteria, command information, and / or resource information allocated for D2R transmission. In some cases, the transaction ID for the command procedure may be the same as the one for the inventory procedure which the device just completed.
[0215] The device can send data or ACK indicator to the reader. The reader can determine the command procedure has successfully completed according to the received data or ACK indicator. The reader can send an R2D message to the device. The R2D message can include, for example: end / complete indicator indicated by the message type in the R2D message, an indication that the end / complete indicator is for an inventory, a command, or inventory and command procedure, transaction ID, device identity, group identifier, filter criteria, and / or other non-limiting information or indicators.
[0216] In some configurations, the reader can receive a complete / end information for the command procedure from CN before sending the complete / end indicator for the command procedure to the device. The complete / end information can include at least one of: complete / end indicator, transaction ID, device identity, group identity, filter criteria, an indicator indicating that the end / complete indicator is for an inventory, a command, or inventory and command procedure.
[0217] The device can release or delete at least a portion or all stored information and / or context related to the command procedure, for instance, including at least one of: transaction ID for inventory, group identifier, filter criteria, device identity, transaction ID for command procedure, RN16, AS ID, status indicator indicating the status of an inventory, paging, or random access procedure (e.g., the status can be successful, failed, completed, or not completed) , or other indications or information. In some aspects, one or more of the above inventory-related information can be released or deleted once the device receives a command with the same transaction ID, group identity, filter, and / or device identity, for example.
[0218] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method 700 for information transfer in the ambient IoT system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be implemented using any one or more of the components and devices detailed herein in conjunction with FIGS. 1–6. In brief overview, the method 700 may be performed by at least one wireless communication device (e.g., an A-IoT device, a UE, or terminal device) , at least one network node (e.g., reader or A-IoT RAN) , at least one core network, at least one wireless communication node (e.g., a BS, gNB, TRP, or access network equipment) , etc., in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be performed in the method 700 depending on the embodiment. The method 700 can be performed or executed in various arrangements or sequences, not limited to those discussed herein. At least one aspect of the operations is directed to a system, method, apparatus, or a computer-readable medium.
[0219] At operation 702, a (first) network node (e.g., 404 or 502) can send / transmit / forward / communicate / provide a first paging message comprising target device information to a (first) wireless communication device (e.g., 402) . At operation 704, the wireless communication device can receive / obtain / acquire the first paging message from the network node. At operation 706, the wireless communication device can initiate / start / execute / perform a random access procedure according to the first paging message.
[0220] The wireless communication device can include or correspond to an A-IoT device. The network node can include or correspond to a reader or a part of a common reader function of an A-IoT RAN or an A-IoT enabled UE. For example, in topology 1, the reader function can be located in an RAN node. In another example, in topology 2, the reader function can be located in an A-IoT-enabled UE. In various configurations, the target device information can include at least one of target device identity, group identity, group filter criteria, group mask information, etc. The target device information can include other non-limiting information associated with or included in the paging message discussed herein.
[0221] In some implementations, the first paging message can include / comprise at least one of: a number of groups of wireless communication devices or a current group number. In some implementations, subgrouping can be performed by a core network. For example, the network node can transmit an indication of a number of wireless communication devices in a paging message or an inventory procedure to the core network. The indication of the number of wireless communication devices can include an expected or a maximum number of wireless communication devices in the paging message or inventory procedure. The network node can initiate the inventory procedure subsequent to receiving a request to perform the inventory procedure from the core network.
[0222] In another example, the network node can receive a request to initiate an inventory procedure from the core network. The network node can send a response to the core network. The response can include at least one of: an indication of a maximum number of wireless communication devices in a paging message or the inventory procedure, an indication of a failure to initiate the inventory procedure, failure cause information (e.g., information related to the cause of the failure to initiate the inventory procedure) , an indication that the number of wireless communication devices exceeds a threshold (e.g., predefined or configured threshold) , a request to divide the wireless communication devices (e.g., target devices indicated by the request) in multiple groups, a request to reduce the number of wireless communication devices in the paging message or the inventory procedure, and / or a preferred or suggested number of groups for dividing the wireless communication devices into a plurality of groups.
[0223] In some implementations, the network node can receive an indication of a number of wireless communication devices from the core network. The network node can determine to divide / split wireless communication devices into a number of groups. The network node can send the first paging message to one or more wireless communication devices for the groups, e.g., at least one paging message for each group of wireless communication devices.
[0224] In some implementations, the first paging message can include an indication of at least one of: whether the number of groups is indicated in the first paging message, whether a current group number is indicated in the first paging message, a length of a field indicating the number of groups, and / or a length of a field indicating the current group number. In some implementations, initiating the random access procedure can include or involve the wireless communication device determining a group number according to the number of groups indicated in the first paging message.
[0225] In some implementations, the group number may be randomly selected (e.g., RN16) by the wireless communication device (or other network devices) . The group number can be an integer within a predefined range according to the number of groups. The predefined range can be between zero and the number of groups. In some cases, the predefined range may be predefined or configured to other value ranges.
[0226] In some implementations, to initiate (or as part of initiating) the random access procedure, the wireless communication device can transmit a response (e.g., D2R message) to a paging message based on the group number matching a current group number of the paging message to the network node. For instance, the wireless communication device can transmit the response if the group number selected by the wireless communication device matches the group number provided by or included in the paging message, e.g., the match can indicate that the wireless communication device is the target device to respond to the paging message.
[0227] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can determine whether to respond to the first paging message according to a number of groups indicated in the first paging message. To determine whether to respond, the wireless communication device can set, select, or configure a (random) value (e.g., RN16) as a group number. The wireless communication device can decrement / reduce the value in response to receiving a second (or subsequent) paging message. The wireless communication device can transmit, to the network node, a response to the second paging message based on the decremented value equal to or matching a predefined value (e.g., the predefined value can be set to zero, among other values) . In such cases, if the decremented value does not match the predefined value, the wireless communication device can continue to decrement the value upon receiving subsequent paging messages until the value reaches or matches the predefined value. The value matching the predefined value can indicate that the wireless communication is the target device to respond to the paging message.
[0228] In some implementations, the wireless communication device may fail the random access procedure triggered by the first paging message. After the wireless communication device fails the random access procedure, the wireless communication device may receive a second paging message (e.g., R2D message) comprising paging round-related information. The wireless communication device can determine whether the paging round-related information in the second paging message is the same as second paging round-related information in a previous message (e.g., in the first paging message or another paging message before the second paging message) . Based on the paging round-related information in the second paging message being different from the second paging round-related information in the previous message, the wireless communication device can initiate a second random access procedure according to the second paging message. Based on the paging round-related information in the second paging message being the same as the second paging round-related information in the previous message, the wireless communication device can ignore or skip the second paging message.
[0229] In some implementations, the first paging message can include information related to the duplicated paging, wherein the information related to duplicated paging can include at least one of: a purpose of the first paging message, an indication to perform duplicated response, an indication to skip duplicated response, and / or an indication to respond to or skip the first paging message. The wireless communication device can determine whether to initiate the random access procedure according to the information related to duplicated paging. In some implementations, the purpose of the first paging message can be for determining a location of the wireless communication device.
[0230] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can transmit a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) (e.g., D2R MAC PDU) to the network node. The MAC PDU can include a header and a D2R data. The header can indicate a length of the D2R data. The MAC PDU can include the header when at least one of:the D2R data is not segmented, the MAC PDU is a last segment, and / or the MAC PDU indicates there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted.
[0231] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can transmit the MAC PDU to the network node, where the MAC PDU may include one or more padding bits and D2R data. The MAC PDU may include the one or more padding bits when at least one of: the D2R data is not segmented, the MAC PDU is a last segment, and / or the MAC PDU indicates there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted.
[0232] In some implementations, the wireless communication device may receive a grant for D2R messages (or D2R data) from the network node. The D2R message can include at least one of: a semi-persistent resource indication, a location of frequency resource or a frequency index, and / or a number of resources which the location of frequency resource applies to. The wireless communication device can send a plurality of MAC PDUs to the network node according to the grant for messages.
[0233] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can receive a grant for D2R messages from the network node. The D2R messages can include at least one of: one or more locations of time resources or time resource indices, one or more locations of frequency resources or frequency indices, and / or a number of resources allocated. The wireless communication device can send one or more MAC PDUs to the network node in one or more resources according to the grant.
[0234] In some implementations, the wireless communication device may receive an R2D message from the network node. The R2D message can include at least one of: a paging message, a msg2, a negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication, a command message, bits of successfully received data, and / or offset information. In some implementations, the R2D message may include at least one of: one or more device identities (of the wireless communication device (s) ) , a number of device IDs included in the R2D message, a number of resources, a command indication, the NACK indication indicating that the network node did not receive a corresponding device-to-reader (D2R) message successfully, schedule resource information, comprising at least one of: time location of resources, frequency location of resources, or layer 1 control information, a first indication of a number of devices for which the command indication applies, a second indication of a number of devices for which the NACK indication applies, a third indication of a number of devices for which the schedule resource information applies, and / or an indication of whether one or more of the first to third indications are included in the R2D message. The one or more identities can include at least one of: a random number, an access layer identity (AS ID) allocated by the network node, a device ID, and / or a temporary ID, permanent ID, among others.
[0235] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can send available data-related information to the network node. The available data-related information can include at least one of: an indication of whether there is available data at the wireless communication device and / or a size of the available data at the wireless communication device. The network node can utilize the available data-related information to determine whether there is available data to be sent at the wireless communication device.
[0236] In some implementations, the wireless communication device can transmit a D2R message to the network node. The D2R message can include at least one of segmented data or non-segmented data. The wireless communication device can receive an R2D message from the network node subsequent to sending the D2R message. The R2D message can include at least one of: an indication of whether scheduling resource information for another segment or another D2R message is included, an indication of a length of a field for a number of successfully received bits at the network node, and / or an indication of the number of successfully received bits by the network node.
[0237] While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or configuration, which are provided to enable persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand example features and functions of the present solution. Such persons would understand, however, that the solution is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but can be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, as would be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described illustrative embodiments.
[0238] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first, ” “second, ” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
[0239] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits and symbols, for example, which may be referenced in the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0240] A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as “software” or a “software module) , or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not cause a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0241] Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and / or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
[0242] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
[0243] In this document, the term “module” as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according embodiments of the present solution.
[0244] Additionally, memory or other storage, as well as communication components, may be employed in embodiments of the present solution. It will be appreciated that, for clarity purposes, the above description has described embodiments of the present solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the present solution. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers, may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller. Hence, references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.
[0245] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as recited in the claims below.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:receiving, by a wireless communication device from a network node, a first paging message comprising target device information; andinitiating, by the wireless communication device, a random access procedure according to the first paging message.2.A method, comprising:transmitting, by a network node to a wireless communication device, a first paging message comprising target device information,wherein a random access procedure is initiated by the wireless communication device according to the first paging message.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first paging message comprises at least one of: a number of groups of wireless communication devices or a current group number.4.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein each of wireless communication devices comprises an ambient internet-of-things (A-IoT) device, and wherein the network node comprises a reader.5.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the network node transmits an indication of a number of wireless communication devices in a paging message or an inventory procedure to a core network, and wherein the network node initiates the inventory procedure subsequent to receiving a request from the core network.6.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the network node:receives, from a core network, a request to initiate an inventory procedure, andsends, to the core network, a response comprising at least one of:an indication of a maximum number of wireless communication devices in a paging message or the inventory procedure,an indication of a failure to initiate the inventory procedure,failure cause information,an indication that a number of wireless communication devices exceeds a threshold,a request to divide wireless communication devices in multiple groups,a request to reduce the number of wireless communication devices in the paging message or the inventory procedure, ora preferred or suggested number of groups for dividing the wireless communication devices into a plurality of groups.7.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the network node:receives, from a core network, an indication of a number of wireless communication devices,determines to divide wireless communication devices into a number of groups, andsends the first paging message.8.The method of claim 1, 2, or 7, wherein the first paging message further comprises an indication of at least one of: whether the number of groups is indicated in the first paging message, whether a current group number is indicated in the first paging message, a length of a field indicating the number of groups, or a length of a field indicating the current group number.9.The method of claim 1, 2, or 7, wherein initiating the random access procedure comprises:determining, by the wireless communication device, a group number according to the number of groups indicated in the first paging message.10.The method of claim 1, 2, 7, or 9, wherein the group number is randomly selected, and wherein the group number is an integer within a predefined range according to the number of groups.11.The method of claim 1, 2, 7, or 9, wherein initiating the random access procedure further comprises:transmitting, by the wireless communication device to the network node, a response to a paging message based on the group number matching a current group number of the paging message.12.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:determining, by the wireless communication device, whether to respond to the first paging message according to a number of groups indicated in the first paging message, wherein determining whether to respond comprises:setting, by the wireless communication device, a value as a group number;decrementing, by the wireless communication device, the value in response to receiving a second paging message; andtransmitting, by the wireless communication device to the network node, a response to the second paging message based on the decremented value equal to a predefined value.13.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein after the wireless communication device fails the random access procedure triggered by the first paging message, the method comprises:receiving, by the wireless communication device from the network node, a second paging message comprising paging round-related information;determining, by the wireless communication device, whether the paging round-related information in the second paging message is same as second paging round-related information in a previous message; andinitiating, by the wireless communication device, a second random access procedure according to the second paging message based on the paging round-related information in the second paging message being different from the second paging round-related information in the previous message; orignoring, by the wireless communication device, the second paging message based on the paging round-related information in the second paging message being same as the second paging round-related information in the previous message.14.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first paging message comprises information related to duplicated paging, wherein the information related to duplicated paging comprises at least one of:a purpose of the first paging message,an indication to perform duplicated response,an indication to skip duplicated response, oran indication to respond to or skip the first paging message,the method further comprises:determining, by the wireless communication device, whether to initiate the random access procedure according to the information related to duplicated paging.15.The method of claim 1, 2, or 14, wherein the purpose of the first paging message is for determining a location of the wireless communication device.16.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:transmitting, by the wireless communication device to the network node, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprising a header and a D2R data, the header indicating a length of the D2R data, wherein the MAC PDU comprises the header when at least one of:the D2R data is not segmented,the MAC PDU is a last segment, orthe MAC PDU indicates there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted.17.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:transmitting, by the wireless communication device to the network node, a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) comprising one or more padding bits and a device-to-reader (D2R) data, wherein the MAC PDU comprises the one or more padding bits when at least one of:the D2R data is not segmented,the MAC PDU is a last segment, orthe MAC PDU indicates there is no subsequent D2R data to be transmitted.18.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:receiving, by the wireless communication device from the network node, a grant for device-to-reader (D2R) messages comprising at least one of: a semi-persistent resource indication, a location of frequency resource or a frequency index, or a number of resources which the location of frequency resource applies to; andsending, by the wireless communication device to the network node, a plurality of medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) according to the grant for messages.19.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:receiving, by the wireless communication device from the network node, a grant for device-to-reader (D2R) messages comprising at least one of: one or more locations of time resources or time resource indices, one or more locations of frequency resources or frequency indices, or a number of resources allocated; andsending, by the wireless communication device to the network node, one or more medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) in one or more resources according to the grant.20.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:receiving, by the wireless communication device from the network node, a reader-to-device (R2D) message comprising at least one of: a paging message, a msg2, a negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication, a command message, bits of successfully received data, or offset information.21.The method of claim 1, 2, or 20, wherein the R2D message further comprises at least one of:one or more device identities, comprising at least one of: a random number, an access layer identity (AS ID) allocated by the network node, a device ID, a temporary ID, or a permanent ID,a number of device IDs included in the R2D message,a number of resources,a command indication,the NACK indication indicating that the network node did not receive a corresponding device-to-reader (D2R) message successfully,schedule resource information, comprising at least one of: time location of resources, frequency location of resources, or layer 1 control information,a first indication of a number of devices for which the command indication applies,a second indication of a number of devices for which the NACK indication applies,a third indication of a number of devices for which the schedule resource information applies, oran indication of whether one or more of the first to third indications are included in the R2D message.22.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:sending, by the wireless communication device to the network node, available data-related information comprising at least one of: an indication of whether there is available data at the wireless communication device or a size of the available data at the wireless communication device.23.The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:transmitting, by the wireless communication device to the network node, a device-to-reader (D2R) message comprising at least one of segmented data or non-segmented data; andreceiving, by the wireless communication device from the network node, a reader-to-device (R2D) message comprising at least one of:an indication of whether scheduling resource information for another segment or another D2R message is included,an indication of a length of a field for a number of successfully received bits at the network node, oran indication of the number of successfully received bits by the network node.24.A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of a wireless communication device, causes the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 and 3-23.25.A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of a network node, can cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 2 -23.26.A device comprising at least one processor configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1-23.