A Ka-band low-loss compact feeder network

Abstract

The present invention relates to a Ka-band low-loss compact feeding network, comprising a waveguide aperture change, four E-bend waveguides, an E-plane single T and two E-plane variant single Ts, wherein the waveguide aperture change is sequentially connected with the two E-bend waveguides and the E-plane single T to form a one-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the waveguide aperture change forms a waveguide input port; one end of the other two E-bend waveguides is respectively connected with the two ends of the E-plane single T, and the other end is respectively connected with the two E-plane variant single Ts to form a two-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the two E-plane variant single Ts form four output ports; and a four-way synthesizer / distributor from the waveguide aperture change to the E-plane variant single T is formed by cascading. The present invention realizes the synthesis / distribution function of the network through the variant E-plane T and the E-plane single T, and realizes the broadband characteristics of the T by adjusting the matching mode thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a Ka-band low-consumption compact feeding network, belonging to the field of microwave technology. Background Art

[0002] The millimeter wave frequency band is the main frequency band for the development of military electronic technology at present, and is widely used in missile precision guidance, radar, confidential communication, electronic countermeasures and test technology. In order to obtain greater output power, power synthesis technology is needed in engineering to combine multiple active amplifiers into a combined output. In the process of power synthesis, the synthesis method is an important factor that determines the indicators such as high power output efficiency and synthesis complexity. At present, the commonly used synthesis methods mainly include binary structure circuit synthesis, free space power synthesis and waveguide structure circuit synthesis. Among them, the modeling and design of space power synthesis are complex and heat dissipation is difficult; the circuit synthesis method based on microstrip structure has large loss and low synthesis efficiency; while the circuit synthesis method of waveguide structure has small loss, high synthesis efficiency and good heat dissipation. Therefore, in recent years, many scientific research institutes at home and abroad have conducted research on waveguide structure power synthesizers. It can be said that the power synthesizer feed network is one of the most important components of the radar antenna array, and its performance is directly related to the performance of the antenna beam. Millimeter wave radar usually has extremely stringent requirements on the volume, weight and loss of the feed network.

[0003] To realize a low-loss, high-power feeding network in the millimeter wave band, the best choice is a network form with waveguide components as the basic unit. The specific implementation method is to cascade components such as standard magic T, wide / narrow side coupling bridge, single T, branch waveguide, etc. These networks have their own advantages and disadvantages. The network with magic T as the unit is large in size and heavy in weight; the network with wide / narrow side coupling as the unit can realize an arbitrarily weighted network, but the volume is too large. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a Ka-band low-loss compact feeding network for the above-mentioned prior art, which is composed of a variant E-plane T combined with an E-plane single T in cascade, thereby realizing arbitrary microwave signal division and combination in a very small space under high-voltage resistance characteristics.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is: a Ka-band low-loss compact feeding network, including a waveguide aperture change, four E-bend waveguides, an E-plane single T and two E-plane variant single Ts, the waveguide aperture change is sequentially connected with the two E-bend waveguides and the E-plane single T to form a one-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the waveguide aperture change forms a waveguide input port; one end of the other two E-bend waveguides are respectively connected to the two ends of the E-plane single T, and the other ends are respectively connected to the two E-plane variant single Ts to form a two-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the two E-plane variant single Ts form four output ports; and a four-way synthesizer / distributor from the waveguide aperture change to the E-plane variant single T is formed by cascading.

[0006] Preferably, the waveguide aperture transformation adopts a gradual impedance transformer form, and the aperture gradually narrows from the waveguide entrance to the inside.

[0007] Preferably, the four E-bend waveguide cavities adopt a structure in which the outer circle is a circular arc and the inner circle is a right-angle structure, which provides higher isolation and avoids self-excitation.

[0008] Preferably, the E-surface single T is a standard form component, which is matched by a matching block and a diaphragm combination. The diaphragm is located at the bottom of the E-surface of the E-surface single T to ensure TE 10 The wave propagates here without restriction and enters the support arm through coupling; the matching block is located opposite the diaphragm and is shaped like a convex block, which is used to compensate for the impedance mismatch caused by coupling.

[0009] Preferably, the E-plane variant single T transforms the arm face transmission mode in the standard E-plane single T2 form into coplanar transmission, designs the inner cavity of the E-plane variant single T into a Y shape, and adopts a gradient line impedance matching method.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0011] 1. Realize broadband synthesis / distribution function: Realize network synthesis / distribution function by mutating E-plane T and E-plane single T, and realize broadband characteristics of T by adjusting its matching method.

[0012] 2. Realizing high reliability: The basic unit of the network of the present invention is a waveguide element, which greatly improves the reliability of the product.

[0013] 3. Compact structure, lightweight and easy integration: By combining the variant E-plane T and E-plane single T, the routing size and weight are greatly reduced, which can meet the structural size and weight requirements of large-scale network integration using it as a unit.

[0014] 4. Low-loss characteristics: Utilize the low loss, single-mode transmission and high power capacity characteristics of metal waveguide to achieve low-loss signal transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional stereogram of the feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A view of the feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a B-direction view of the feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the E-side single T 2 of the feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the E-plane variant single T 3 and 4 of the feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the E-bend waveguides 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the feeding network 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 for Figure 2 A local enlarged view of the waveguide aperture transformation 9 of the feed network 1 of the present invention.

[0023] The following reference numerals are included in the figures:

[0024] 1. Feeding network, 2. E-plane single T, 3-4. E-plane variant single T, 5-8 E-bend waveguide, 9. Waveguide aperture transformation, 10. Matching block, 11. Diaphragm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the Ka-band low-loss compact feeding network in this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , 2, 3, 4, in order to solve the problems of large volume, heavy weight and large loss of the existing millimeter wave feeding network, the feeding network (1) of the present invention uses waveguide as the transmission carrier, and adopts half-height waveguide to realize miniaturization. Specifically, the feeding network is constructed by combining variant E-plane T with E-plane single T, including 1 waveguide aperture change 9, 4 E-bend waveguides 5, 6, 7, 8, 1 E-plane single T2, 2 E-plane variant single T3, 4, which greatly reduces the volume and weight, reduces the loss, and realizes the synthesis / distribution of signals. The feeding network in this embodiment is a 1:4 (1 to 4) feeding network, which is used to realize the synthesis / distribution of Ka-band signals and realizes the equal amplitude and equal phase transmission of signals.

[0027] The waveguide aperture conversion 9 is connected with the E-bend waveguides 7, 8, and the E-plane single T2 in sequence to form a 1-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the waveguide aperture conversion 9 forms a waveguide input port; one end of the E-bend waveguides 5, 6 is connected with the two ends of the E-plane single T2 respectively, and the other end is connected with the E-plane variant single T3, 4 respectively to form a 2-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the two E-plane variant single T3, 4 form four ports; and a 4-point synthesizer / distributor from the waveguide aperture conversion 9 to the E-plane variant single T3, 4 is formed by cascading. There is no specific size matching requirement between the components. By adjusting the matching method of each component, on the basis of meeting the interface requirements of the system and ensuring that the components do not affect each other, the electrical performance of the system can be optimized.

[0028] Reference Figure 4 , 8 The waveguide aperture transformation 9 of the feed network 1 adopts a gradient impedance transformer, and the aperture gradually narrows from the waveguide inlet to the inner aperture. There is no sudden change in size in the structure, which is conducive to working at high power and can be used in a very wide frequency range, and has better bandwidth matching performance. By adjusting the length of the gradient line and the size of the aperture, the electrical performance is optimized within the shortest distance, which can both widen the frequency band and reduce the size, and realize the broadband matching characteristics of the network aperture transformation from full-height waveguide to half-height waveguide.

[0029] Reference Figure 4 , 7 The E-bend waveguides 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the feed network 1 are used to match the waveguide connection ports, ensure equal-amplitude and anti-phase transmission of signals, and output in variable directions. Unlike the common curved waveguides whose inner cavities are all arcs, the E-bend waveguides 7 and 8 have an outer arc and an inner right-angle structure, which provides higher isolation and avoids self-excitation. The broadband matching characteristics of the network are achieved by adjusting the size of the arc line outside the inner cavity to avoid mutual interference of signals.

[0030] Referring to 4 and 5, the E-surface single T2 of the feed network 1 is a standard component. In order to ensure that each port is fully matched, a matching block 10 and a diaphragm 11 are combined for matching. The diaphragm 11 is located at the bottom of the E-surface of the E-surface single T2 to ensure that TE 10 The wave propagates here without restriction and enters the arm through coupling; the matching block 10 is located opposite the diaphragm 11 and is shaped like a convex block, which is used to compensate for the impedance mismatch caused by coupling. By selecting a suitable matching diaphragm 11, as well as the shape and size of the matching block 10, the field elements are evenly distributed and in a stable working state, thus achieving the broadband characteristics of the network.

[0031] Reference Figure 4 , 6 The E-plane variant single T3 and 4 of the feed network (1) is to solve the port matching problem of the external device, and transform the arm plane transmission mode under the standard E-plane single T2 form into coplanar transmission. In order to achieve coplanar transmission, the inner cavity of the E-plane variant single T3 and 4 is designed to be Y-shaped, and the gradient line impedance matching method is adopted. By changing the length of the gradient line and the size of the port surface, the broadband matching characteristics are achieved, which meets the requirements of any small size port spacing and reduces the weight, and the structure is simple and easy to process.

[0032] To facilitate public understanding, the actual signal splitting and signal synthesis are described below based on the above technical solution:

[0033] Signal splitting:

[0034] When the signal is input from the combined port (port 1), the signal is output with equal amplitude and inverted phase after passing through waveguide aperture changer 9, E-bend waveguides 7, 8, and E-plane single T 2. Then the signal becomes equal amplitude and equal phase after passing through E-bend waveguides 5 and 6. After passing through E-plane variant single T3 and 4, the signal is output with equal amplitude and equal phase at the branch ports 2, 3, 4, and 5, thus realizing the equal amplitude and equal phase distribution function of the network.

[0035] Signal synthesis:

[0036] The signal is input with equal amplitude and phase from the ports 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the E-plane variant single T3 and 4. After passing through the E-bend waveguides 5 and 6, the signal is converted into equal amplitude and anti-phase output. Then, it passes through the E-plane single T 2 and the E-bend waveguides 7 and 8, and is output with equal amplitude and phase from the closing port of the waveguide aperture changer 9, thus realizing the synthesis function of the network.

[0037] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other implementation modes. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Ka-band low-loss compact feeder network, characterized in that: The invention comprises a waveguide aperture conversion, four E-bend waveguides, an E-plane single T and two E-plane variant single Ts. The waveguide aperture conversion is sequentially connected with the two E-bend waveguides and the E-plane single T to form a one-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the waveguide aperture conversion forms a waveguide input port; one end of the other two E-bend waveguides are respectively connected with the two ends of the E-plane single T, and the other ends are respectively connected with the two E-plane variant single Ts to form a two-way 1:2 synthesizer / distributor, wherein the two E-plane variant single Ts form four output ports; a four-way synthesizer / distributor from the waveguide aperture conversion to the E-plane variant single T is formed by cascading; the waveguide aperture conversion adopts a gradual impedance transformer form, and the aperture gradually narrows from the waveguide inlet to the inner aperture; the inner cavities of the four E-bend waveguides adopt an outer arc structure and an inner right-angle structure to provide higher isolation and avoid self-excitation.

2. A Ka-band low-loss compact feeder network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The E-surface single T is a standard component, which is matched by a combination of a matching block and a diaphragm. The diaphragm is located at the bottom of the E-surface of the E-surface single T to ensure TE 10 The wave propagates here without restriction and enters the support arm through coupling; the matching block is located opposite the diaphragm and is shaped like a convex block, which is used to compensate for the impedance mismatch caused by coupling.

3. A Ka-band low-loss compact feeder network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The E-plane variant single T transforms the branch arm face transmission mode of the standard E-plane single T2 form into coplanar transmission, designs the inner cavity of the E-plane variant single T into a Y shape, and adopts a gradient line impedance matching method.

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