Hydrogen-solar cold heat and power triple generation system with multi-purpose complementary step-by-step utilization

Abstract

The patent provides a hydrogen-solar cold heat and power triple generation system with multiple complementary cascade utilization, which is a system combining hydrogen compressor with air conditioning system with hydrogen as fuel. The system comprises a hydrogen compression system, a refrigeration system, a heating system, a tail gas recovery system, a water electrolysis system, a fresh air heat exchange system, a domestic water heat exchange system, a control host system and a photovoltaic power generation system. The advantage of using hydrogen as fuel in this patent is that the hydrogen combustion products are treated by condensation, catalysis, electrolysis and other processes to produce hydrogen for recycling, and domestic water is subjected to secondary heat exchange to realize energy cascade utilization. At the same time, by utilizing the good heat exchange capacity of hydrogen, the problem of low power generation efficiency caused by high temperature of photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic power generation system is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent relates to the fields of hydrogen energy and solar energy utilization, specifically a hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system that utilizes multiple energy sources in a cascade manner. Background Technology

[0002] With the goal of "peaking carbon and achieving carbon neutrality," China aims to peak its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Currently, my country's annual hydrogen production is 41 million tons, ranking first globally, and hydrogen energy is gradually becoming a new focus on the international agenda. Air conditioning has become a necessity for modern life. Currently, air conditioners are mainly electric and gas-fired. Gas-fired air conditioners have low overall efficiency and emit carbon dioxide and other gases during operation, causing environmental damage. Moreover, natural gas is a non-renewable energy source. Electric air conditioners rely on power plants such as thermal power plants for electricity, which also emits pollutants like carbon dioxide. Therefore, combining hydrogen energy, recognized as the cleanest energy source, with air conditioning not only solves the problem of carbon dioxide and other pollutant emissions but also improves the efficiency of air conditioning systems, showing significant development potential. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the structural deficiencies in the existing technology, the purpose of this patent is to provide a hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system that integrates multiple energy sources and utilizes them in a cascade manner. This system is designed to facilitate the recycling of hydrogen, improve the efficiency of photovoltaic and solar thermal power, and realize the functions of self-consistent complementarity and cascade utilization of multiple renewable energy sources.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technology used in this patent is to provide a hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system that utilizes multiple energy sources in a cascade manner. This system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a hydrogen compression system, a refrigeration system, a heating system, a tail gas recovery system, a water electrolysis system, a fresh air heat exchange system, and a domestic water heat exchange system.

[0005] The hydrogen compression system includes a two-stage compression method that uses hydrogen to increase the hydrogen compression ratio, which is more energy-efficient than the first-stage compression. Each stage of compression requires a water-cooled cooler to cool the hydrogen in order to ensure safety. The hydrogen is then delivered to the hydrogen compressor for combustion and provides energy to the refrigeration and heating systems.

[0006] The refrigeration system involves compressing the refrigerant in a hydrogen compressor, turning the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas into high-temperature, high-pressure superheated vapor. The flow of the refrigerant is then controlled by a four-way reversing valve, and the high-temperature, high-pressure superheated vapor is introduced into a condenser for cooling. The superheated vapor changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state, and the liquid refrigerant is discharged into an evaporator through an expansion valve for heat absorption and vaporization, thus achieving refrigeration. The vaporized refrigerant is then returned to the four-way reversing valve and drawn into the hydrogen compressor to maintain the refrigeration cycle.

[0007] The heating system involves a compressor drawing in low-pressure gas, compressing it into high-temperature, high-pressure gas, and then sending the superheated steam directly into the room evaporator via a four-way reversing valve. After the superheated steam dissipates heat in the room, it forms a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid, which is then sent to the outdoor unit to complete the vaporization process. The refrigerant liquid absorbs a large amount of heat from the outside, transforms back into dry saturated steam, and is drawn back into the compressor to continue the next heating cycle.

[0008] The exhaust gas recovery system collects the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the compressor. Since the exhaust gas contains pollutants, the SCR system is used to filter the exhaust gas into pollution-free gas that meets emission standards before it is discharged.

[0009] The water electrolysis system uses photovoltaic panels to generate electricity through the photoelectric effect, which is then fed into a battery. The electricity from the battery is then transferred to the water electrolysis tank. The water produced by hydrogen combustion is condensed and catalyzed before being discharged into the water electrolysis tank. The water is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is transported to a hydrogen collection tank, and the collected oxygen can be used for medical, engineering, and other applications.

[0010] The fresh air heat exchange system draws in fresh air from outside into the duct, which is connected to an air-to-air heat exchanger in the exhaust gas recovery system for collecting exhaust gas. The heat-exchanged fresh air is then delivered into the room, achieving an energy-saving effect.

[0011] The domestic water heat exchange system first exchanges heat in a hydrogen heat exchanger, then discharges into a plate heat exchanger for secondary heat exchange. The domestic water after heat exchange is then discharged for use.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this patent are as follows:

[0013] (1) This patented system produces hydrogen by condensing, denitrifying, and electrolyzing water in the exhaust gas generated by hydrogen combustion, thereby realizing the recycling of hydrogen.

[0014] (2) This patented system effectively utilizes the heat from photovoltaic power generation and the heat from exhaust gas, enabling domestic water to pass through a hydrogen heat exchanger and a plate heat exchanger, thus achieving cascaded energy utilization.

[0015] (3) This patent adopts renewable energy hydrogen energy and solar energy to achieve multi-energy complementarity.

[0016] (4) This patent can automatically monitor safety factors such as hydrogen concentration and pressure during operation in real time, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling process of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system with multi-energy complementary cascade utilization, which is the subject of this patent.

[0018] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the heating process of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system with multi-energy complementary cascade utilization, which is the subject of this patent.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control host system of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system for multi-energy complementary cascade utilization, which is the subject of this patent.

[0020] In the picture:

[0021] 1. Hydrogen gas collecting tank 2. Photovoltaic panel 3. Hydrogen heat exchanger

[0022] 4. Primary compression unit 5. Secondary compression unit 6. Hydrogen compressor

[0023] 7. Hydrogen concentration sensor 8. Four-way reversing valve 9. Evaporator

[0024] 10. Expansion valve 11. Condenser 12. Room

[0025] 13. Air inlet 14. Catalytic denitrification vessel 15. Plate heat exchanger

[0026] 16. Gas collection device 17. Gas-to-gas heat exchanger 18. SCR system

[0027] 19. Electrolyzed water tank 20. Water storage tank 21. Storage battery

[0028] 22. Rectifier 23. Municipal power grid 24. Domestic water inlet section

[0029] 25. Domestic water outlet section 26. Hydrogen valve 27. Pressure sensor I

[0030] 28. Pressure sensor II 29. Temperature sensor 30. Condensation device

[0031] 31. Denitrification water valve 32. Hot air valve 33. Cold air valve

[0032] 34. Water supply valve 35. Relay 36. Direct-acting solenoid valve

[0033] 37. Water-cooled cooler I 38. Water-cooled cooler II 39. Oxygen collecting cylinder

[0034] 40. Control host system 41. Central processing unit 42. Power supply

[0035] 43. Hydrogen flow rate sensor 44. Liquid level sensor 45. Power detector

[0036] 46. ​​Data transmission module 47. Fault diagnosis system 48. LCD display screen Detailed Implementation

[0037] The accompanying drawings illustrate the process of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system of this patent, which utilizes multiple energy sources in a cascade manner, and describe the specific implementation methods.

[0038] like Figure 1The diagram shows the cooling process of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system of this patent, which utilizes multiple energy sources in a cascade manner. The hydrogen collection tank 1 controls the hydrogen flow rate via a hydrogen valve 26. A heat pipe is installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel 2, and the hydrogen collection tank 1 supplies hydrogen to the heat pipe. During photovoltaic power generation, excessively high temperatures in the photovoltaic panel 2 can reduce power generation and shorten its lifespan. Utilizing the excellent thermal conductivity of hydrogen, the photovoltaic panel 2 absorbs heat, improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency and extending its lifespan. The heat-absorbed hydrogen is then transferred to the hydrogen heat exchanger 3. In this system, domestic water exchanges heat with hydrogen in a hydrogen heat exchanger 3. A direct-acting solenoid valve 36 is installed at the domestic water inlet section 24. After heat exchange, the hydrogen is transferred to the primary compression unit 4, and then cooled and dehydrated by a water-cooled cooler I37 to separate water vapor from the gas. It then passes through a secondary compression unit 5 and a water-cooled cooler II38. Hydrogen needs to be compressed before combustion. Since the energy required for high-pressure hydrogen after two stages of compression is less than that required for high-pressure hydrogen after a single stage of compression, this system uses two stages of compression to pressurize the hydrogen. When compressed air exceeds a certain temperature before entering the processing equipment, it will increase the load and processing difficulty of the equipment, reduce its service life and processing quality, and in severe cases, damage the equipment. Therefore, the temperature of the compressed gas must be controlled within the required range. Pressure sensors I27 and II28 are installed during both the primary and secondary compression processes to monitor the hydrogen in real time and ensure the safety of the entire system operation. The compressed hydrogen gas is burned in the hydrogen compressor 6. A hydrogen concentration sensor 7 is installed in the hydrogen compressor 6. When the volume ratio of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen-containing air mixture is 4%-74.2%, an explosion will occur. This system is equipped with a device to detect the hydrogen volume ratio and monitor it in real time to prevent explosions. During refrigeration, the hydrogen compressor 6 compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas into high-temperature, high-pressure superheated vapor, which is then discharged from the hydrogen compressor 6. The high-temperature, high-pressure superheated vapor enters through the inlet of the four-way reversing valve 8 and is introduced into the condenser 11. The high-temperature, high-pressure superheated vapor is cooled in the condenser 11, and the superheated refrigerant changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state. An expansion valve 10 is installed between the evaporator 9 and the condenser 11. The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant liquid flows into the evaporator 9, absorbs heat, and vaporizes, causing the ambient temperature to drop. Cold air is then blown into the room 12. A temperature sensor 29 is installed in the room 12 to monitor the temperature in real time. The exhaust gas produced by the combustion of hydrogen in the hydrogen compressor 6 is recovered and condensed in the condenser 30. After the water vapor is condensed, it is discharged into the catalytic denitrification container 14. Nitrogen oxides produced during hydrogen combustion will dissolve into the water during water vapor condensation, thus the water will contain nitric acid. The catalytic denitrification container 14 of this system catalyzes the treatment of nitric acid. The catalytically treated water flows into the plate heat exchanger 15 through the denitrification water valve 31. The function of the denitrification water valve 31 is to control the flow rate of the water.After heat exchange in the hydrogen heat exchanger 3, the domestic water continues to flow into the plate heat exchanger 15 for secondary heat exchange, realizing the cascade utilization of energy. The domestic water after heat exchange is discharged to the domestic water outlet section 25. The temperature of the domestic water after heat exchange in the hydrogen heat exchanger 3 can be increased to 40℃~50℃, while the temperature of the condensed water entering the plate heat exchanger 15 is greater than 55℃, and the domestic water will be further heated. 1 kg of hydrogen gas produces 9 kg of water after combustion, which is sufficient for heat exchange. In addition to the condensed water, the nitrogen oxide tail gas in the condensation device 30 is polluting. It is collected in the gas collection device 16 and then discharged into the gas-to-gas heat exchanger 17. After passing through the gas-to-gas heat exchanger 17, the tail gas is discharged into the SCR system 18. The SCR system 18 is a treatment process for nitrogen oxide emissions. Under the action of catalysis, the nitrogen oxides are reduced, and the reduced, pollution-free gas is discharged. Fresh air from outside enters the fresh air duct through air inlet 13, cooling the room. Cold air valve 33 is opened, allowing fresh air to enter room 12 through the duct, while hot air valve 32 is closed. Water that has undergone heat exchange in plate heat exchanger 15 is discharged into electrolytic water tank 19, where hydrogen and oxygen are produced through electrolysis. The produced oxygen is collected in oxygen collection bottle 39 and can be used in medical, production, and other applications. The produced hydrogen is discharged into hydrogen collection tank 1 for system circulation. If the water level in electrolytic water tank 19 is insufficient, water supply valve 34 can be used to control the water level in the storage tank and drain water from electrolytic water tank 19 to ensure sufficient water in the tank. The photovoltaic panel 2 generates electricity through the photoelectric effect and inputs it into the storage battery 21 for collection. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel 2 is insufficient, the AC power from the municipal power grid 23 is converted into DC power through the rectifier 22 and sent to the storage battery 21 for auxiliary power storage. The relay 35 controls the use of the storage battery 21. When the relay 35 is turned on, the electrical energy of the storage battery 21 is input into the water electrolysis tank 19 for water electrolysis.

[0039] like Figure 2The diagram shows the heating process of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system of this patent, which utilizes multiple energy sources in a cascade manner. It shares the same photovoltaic power generation system, hydrogen compression system, exhaust gas recovery system, water electrolysis system, and domestic water heat exchange system as the cooling system. The difference lies in the heating system and the fresh air heat exchange system. During heating, high-temperature, high-pressure superheated steam compressed by the hydrogen compressor 6 is discharged from the compressor. This superheated steam enters the four-way reversing valve 8, which directly sends it into the evaporator 9. The superheated steam dissipates heat and is blown into room 12. A temperature sensor 29 is installed in room 12 to monitor the temperature in real time. After cooling, the superheated steam forms a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid, which is then sent to the condenser 11 through the expansion valve 10. Here, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant undergoes vaporization. The refrigerant liquid absorbs a large amount of heat from the outside, reverting back to dry saturated steam. Finally, it returns to the hydrogen compressor 6's suction port through the suction pipe, continuing the second heating cycle. Fresh air from outside enters the fresh air duct through the air inlet 13. The cold air valve 33 is closed, and the hot air valve 32 is opened. The fresh air first enters the air-to-air exchanger 17 through the duct for heat exchange. The heat-exchanged fresh air then continues to enter the plate heat exchanger 15 through the duct for secondary heat exchange. The heat-exchanged fresh air then enters the room 12 through the duct, achieving effective energy saving and energy cascade utilization.

[0040] like Figure 3The diagram shows the control host system of the hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system of this patent, which utilizes multiple energy sources in a cascade manner. The control host system 40 includes a central processing unit 41, a power supply 42, a power meter 45, an LCD screen 48, a data transmission module 46, and a fault diagnosis system 47. All components of the control host system 40 are integrated onto a single circuit board. Hydrogen flow rate sensor 43, hydrogen concentration sensor 7, pressure sensor I27, pressure sensor II28, temperature sensor 29, liquid level sensor 44, hydrogen valve 26, water supply valve 34, hot air valve 32, and cold air valve 33 are installed on various pipes within the system. The central processing unit 41 can control the automatic operation of the system and the collection, processing, transmission, and visualization of data according to instructions issued by a host computer, such as a microcomputer or mobile phone. It collects data from the hydrogen flow rate sensor 43, hydrogen concentration sensor 7, pressure sensor I27, pressure sensor II28, room temperature sensor 29, liquid level sensor 44, and power meter 45, and displays the data in real time on the LCD screen 49. A hydrogen concentration sensor 7 is installed on the outside of the hydrogen compressor 6 to check for leaks during operation. Pressure sensors I27 and II28 collect pressure data and transmit it to the central processing unit 41. Based on preset safe hydrogen concentration values ​​and safe hydrogen pressure values ​​during compression, the central processing unit 41 determines whether any abnormalities have occurred in the system. If an abnormality is detected, the hydrogen valve 26 is automatically shut off and an alarm is triggered. A temperature sensor 29 measures the room temperature 12 and transmits the data to the central processing unit 41. Based on a preset temperature for human comfort, the central processing unit 41 controls the opening and closing of the hot air valve 32 and the cold air valve 33. A liquid level sensor 45 is installed in the electrolytic water tank 19. The water level data in the electrolytic water tank 19 is transmitted to the central processing unit 41. The central processing unit 41 verifies the data and controls the water supply valve 34 to maintain a sufficient water level in the electrolytic water tank 19. A power detector 45 feeds back the power level of the battery 21 to the central processing unit 41, which displays it on the LCD screen 48. The main tasks of the fault diagnosis system 47 are fault detection, fault type determination, fault location, and fault recovery. The fault diagnosis system 47 is integrated on a single circuit board and controlled by the central processing unit 41. Fault detection refers to the system periodically sending detection signals to the lower-level computer after establishing a connection with the system, and determining whether a fault has occurred based on the received response data frames. This includes sensors, circuit continuity detectors, and data analyzers. Fault type determination involves analyzing the causes of a detected fault to determine its type. Fault location, based on the preceding steps, refines the fault type, diagnoses the specific fault location and cause, and prepares for fault recovery. Fault recovery is the final and most important step in the entire fault diagnosis process, requiring different measures to be taken to restore the system from the fault, depending on the cause.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the device and does not constitute any limitation on the device. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural transformations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the device shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the device.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system with multi-energy complementary cascade utilization, characterized by: It includes a hydrogen compression system, a refrigeration system, a heating system, a tail gas recovery system, a water electrolysis system, a fresh air heat exchange system, a domestic water heat exchange system, a control host system, and a photovoltaic power generation system; The hydrogen compression system includes a primary compression device (4) connected to a water-cooled cooler I (37), a water-cooled cooler I (37) connected to a secondary compression device (5), a secondary compression device (5) connected to a water-cooled cooler II (38), and a water-cooled cooler II (38) connected to a hydrogen compressor (6). The refrigeration and heating systems include a hydrogen compressor (6), a four-way reversing valve (8), a condenser (11), an expansion valve (10), and an evaporator (9); The exhaust gas recovery system consists of a condenser (30) connected to a gas collecting device (16), a gas collecting device (16) connected to a gas-to-gas heat exchanger (17), and a gas-to-gas heat exchanger (17) connected to an SCR system (18). The electrolysis water system consists of a plate heat exchanger (15), a water storage tank (20), a storage battery (21), and an electrolysis water tank (19). The electrolysis water tank (19) is connected to an oxygen collecting cylinder (39) and a hydrogen collecting tank (1), respectively. The fresh air heat exchange system consists of a fresh air inlet (13) connected to a gas-to-gas heat exchanger (17), a gas-to-gas heat exchanger (17) connected to a plate heat exchanger (15), and a plate heat exchanger (15) connected to an evaporator (9). The domestic water heat exchange system consists of a domestic water inlet section (24) connected to a hydrogen heat exchanger (3), a hydrogen heat exchanger (3) connected to a plate heat exchanger (15), and a plate heat exchanger (15) connected to a domestic water outlet section (25). The control host system (40) includes a central processing unit (41), a power supply (42), a power detector (45), an LCD screen (48), a data transmission system (46), and a fault diagnosis system (47), and all of the above components are integrated on a single circuit board. The photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic panel (2), a battery (21), a rectifier (22), and a relay (35).

2. The hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system with multi-energy complementary cascade utilization as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Pressure sensor I (27) is installed between the primary compression unit (4) and the water-cooled cooler I (37) pipeline; pressure sensor II (28) is installed between the secondary compression unit (5) and the water-cooled cooler II (38) pipeline; and hydrogen concentration sensor (7) is installed at the hydrogen compressor (6).

3. The hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system with multi-energy complementary cascade utilization as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The water storage tank (20) is connected to the electrolytic water tank (19), and a water supply valve (34) is installed in the middle to control the water flow.

4. The hydrogen-solar combined cooling, heating and power system with multi-energy complementary cascade utilization as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The fresh air inlet (13) is connected to the air-to-air heat exchanger (17), with a hot air valve (32) installed in the middle. The fresh air inlet (13) is connected to the evaporator (9), with a cold air valve (33) installed in the middle.

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