A method for artificially breeding Coleoptera punctata

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for artificially breeding Plodia interpunctella, using Indian meal borer (Plodia interpunctella) as a host. The present invention first discovered that Indian meal borer can be used as a host of Plodia interpunctella, compared with the existing known commonly used fall armyworm larvae as a host breeding and breeding, under the same host density, the Indian meal borer larvae are used as hosts to breed parasitic wasps, both the parasitism amount and the parasitism rate are significantly improved. Compared with the source of fall armyworm, the larvae of Indian meal borer have sufficient insect source supply and lower cost, which expands the host source of Plodia interpunctella, and the whole breeding method is simple to operate, with small losses, which is conducive to large-scale production, providing insect sources for the large-scale application of Plodia interpunctella in production, and can be stored and transported at low temperatures after the parasitic wasps emerge, providing technical support for the fixed-point and fixed-area release in field pest areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of insect breeding, and in particular relates to a method for artificially breeding Myxoma punctatum. Background Art

[0002] Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) belongs to the family Pyralidae in the order Lepidoptera. It is distributed worldwide. In my country, except for Tibet, it is found in all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. North China and Northeast China are seriously affected by it. The larvae of Indian meal moth damage whole grains and their processed products, beans, oilseeds, dry goods, Chinese medicinal materials, etc. It is an important initial pest of reserves.

[0003] Indian meal moth usually produces 4 to 6 generations a year, and 7 to 8 generations a year in warm areas. The newly hatched larvae first eat the embryo of the grain, and then peel off the outer skin. When harming peanut kernels and corn, they like to bore into the embryo and hide inside to eat; when harming dried peppers, they burrow into the inside and eat, leaving only a layer of transparent outer skin. The larvae often spin silk to make a web to seal the surface of the grain, or spin silk to connect the food into small balls and blocks, and hide inside to eat. At first, they damage the surface and upper half of the grain pile, and then gradually extend to the interior and lower half. The larvae are agile and avoid light. They will hide quickly when frightened. When there is a lack of food, the larvae will kill each other. The larvae are 5 to 6 years old. When they mature, they often leave the victim and crawl to the walls, beams, ceilings, and cracks in packaging or other hidden places to spin silk cocoons and pupate.

[0004] Meteorus pulchricornis belongs to the family Braconidae in the order Hymenoptera. It has a wide host range and is an endoparasitoid of many lepidopteran pests, including the gypsy moth, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm, and brown moth. Meteorus pulchricornis is widely distributed in the Palearctic region. In my country, it is mainly distributed in 10 provinces in East China, Central China, North China, and Southwest China. Most European Meteorus pulchricornis reproduces bisexually, while most Asian Meteorus pulchricornis reproduce parthenogenetically.

[0005] The larvae of the host parasitized by the mole wasp usually die directly or indirectly due to tissue damage, malnutrition, and virus infection. Studies have shown that the mole wasp not only has the behavioral habit of repeatedly stinging the same larvae multiple times without succession, but can also sting multiple hosts without laying eggs. The stung hosts often die due to wound infection or other negative effects. This habit actually controls pests much more effectively than the effect reflected by the parasitism rate. Therefore, the mole wasp has a high potential for biological control, and also has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, target-specific, and safe for humans and animals. It is an important biological control resource.

[0006] At present, there are still few reports on the indoor breeding technology of the mole wasp, which hinders the application of the insect in the biological control of pests. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the indoor artificial breeding method of the mole wasp. Although there are reports on the breeding method of the mole wasp with Lepidoptera insects such as Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua as hosts, there are characteristics such as low utilization efficiency of parasitic wasp queens and no Pyralidae insects as hosts. At the same time, the marketization degree of existing host insects is not high. On the one hand, it is difficult to achieve sufficient insect sources by using the above insects as hosts. On the other hand, the cost is relatively high, which is not conducive to industrialization and large-scale promotion and application. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Through research, it is found that the larvae of the Indian meal borer have a certain parasitic ability, and a method for artificially breeding the larvae of the larvae of the larvae of the Indian meal borer is developed.

[0008] The invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method for a parasitic bee using Indian meal moth as a host. The method selects Indian meal moth as a host for indoor breeding of a mole-bearing parasitic wasp, and the host can be stored and transported at low temperature after emergence, thereby expanding the host source of the mole-bearing parasitic wasp, being conducive to indoor large-scale production of the mole-bearing parasitic wasp, so as to prepare for release at fixed points and fixed areas in a wild pest area for field biological control.

[0009] The Indian meal moth has abundant natural enemy resources. This application first discovered that the larvae of the Indian meal moth have a certain parasitic ability to the larvae of the Indian meal moth, and has the potential to be developed into a biological control product. In addition, the breeding technology of the Indian meal moth is mature and can be obtained in large quantities from the market at a low cost.

[0010] Application of Indian meal borer (Plodia interpunctella) as host in artificial breeding of Meteorus pulchricornis.

[0011] Preferably, the Indian meal moth is an Indian meal moth larva. Further preferably, the Indian meal moth is a 3rd to 4th instar larva of the Indian meal moth.

[0012] The present invention further provides a method for artificially breeding acarid, using Indian meal borer as a host and acarid as a parasitic wasp, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) placing the larvae of the Indian meal borer into a breeding container and releasing the adult parasites of the wasp wasp;

[0014] (2) After the parasitism is over, the adult parasitoids are removed and the host is continued to be fed until the offspring of the parasitic bee emerge from the host and spin a cocoon;

[0015] (3) Collect the adult parasitic wasps after they have emerged.

[0016] The larvae of Indian meal moth are 2nd to 6th instar larvae of Indian meal moth. Preferably, the larvae of Indian meal moth are 3rd to 4th instar larvae of Indian meal moth. Experiments have found that the mole-shaped braconid wasp can parasitize the Indian meal moth, and the mole-shaped braconid wasp prefers the host of the middle age. If the larval age of the host is too low, less nutrition is provided for the growth and development of the parasitic wasp, and the final adult bee is also smaller; if the larval age is too high, the parasitic wasp larvae will be entangled by the silk spit out by the older larvae when drilling out of the host, affecting its own silk spinning and cocooning process.

[0017] Preferably, the cocoons of the parasitic wasps are taken for breeding, and the parasitic wasps are used as the first generation of breeding bees after they emerge; the adult parasitic wasps collected in step (3) can be used as breeding bees for the reproduction of the next generation of parasitic wasps.

[0018] Preferably, the temperature of the host during parasitism and post-parasitism feeding in step (1) and step (2) is controlled to be 26±5°C.

[0019] Preferably, the photoperiod of the host during parasitism and post-parasitism feeding in step (1) and step (2) is controlled to be 12 to 14 hours of light, 10 to 12 hours of darkness, and a relative humidity of 60% to 70%.

[0020] Preferably, the ratio of the number of adults of the released Mylosoma punctata to the number of hosts during parasitism is 1:5-30.

[0021] Preferably, the adult parasitic wasps collected in step (3) are stored at 16°C.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention selects Indian meal moth, which is first discovered as a host, as a host for indoor breeding based on the parasitic habit of the spotted mole wasp, and releases the adult spotted mole wasp after placing the host in a breeding device. After the host is placed in an artificial intelligence bioclimatic chamber for parasitism, the parasitic wasps are removed and the host is continued to be raised. After the offspring parasitic wasps drill out of the host body to make cocoons and emerge, the adults are collected and preserved, and can be used as breeding bees for the breeding of the next generation of parasitic wasps.

[0024] 2. Compared with the existing commonly known fall armyworm larvae as hosts for breeding, under the same host density, the parasitic wasps bred using Indian meal moth larvae as hosts have significantly improved both the parasitic amount and the parasitic rate.

[0025] 3. Compared with the source of fall armyworm, the larvae of Indian meal borer have sufficient supply and lower cost, which expands the host source of Lycosa punctata. The whole breeding method is easy to operate and has small losses, which is conducive to large-scale production. It provides insect sources for the large-scale application of Lycosa punctata in production. After the parasitic wasps emerge, they can be stored and transported at low temperatures, providing technical support for the release of them at designated points and areas in field pest areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] 1. Infrastructure: insect breeding room, MLR-352H artificial intelligence bioclimatic chamber.

[0027] 2. Main tools and consumables: 9×9×8.5cm plastic box, Φ35mm culture dish, writing brush, cotton wool, 10% (volume ratio, the same below) honey water.

[0028] 3. Artificial bee breeding hosts and parasitic bees

[0029] Indian meal moth: Originated from Zhejiang University, raised indoors on artificial feed for multiple generations for testing.

[0030] The wasp was collected from Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, and raised indoors for multiple generations using the fall armyworm as the host.

[0031] Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): collected from Dongfang City, Hainan Province, and raised for multiple generations on artificial diet in the laboratory.

[0032] The host larvae were kept at 26±5°C, photoperiod (12-14L): (10-12D), relative humidity 60-70%. The host adults were raised at room temperature of 24°C with 10% honey water.

[0033] Adult parasitic bees were kept in an artificial intelligence bioclimatic chamber at 16°C and fed with fresh 10% honey water every day.

[0034] 4. Artificial feed

[0035] Artificial feed for Indian meal moth: independently prepared by the laboratory, the ingredient ratio is 150g wheat, 75g glycerin, 50g honey, 50g yeast powder, and 600μl propionic acid.

[0036] Artificial feed for fall armyworm: purchased from Jiyuan Baiyun Industrial Co., Ltd. in Henan Province. The main ingredients are wheat germ, yeast, carrageenan, konjac flour, sorbic acid, vitamin C, corn oil, linoleic acid, corn leaves, and paraben.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The 2nd to 6th instar Indian meal borer larvae were used as hosts, and the host larvae density was set to 10 per box. One adult of the wasp was released into the box for parasitism at 26°C. After 8 hours, the parasitoids were removed and an appropriate amount of artificial feed was added to the plastic box to continue feeding the Indian meal borer larvae until the parasitoid larvae emerged from the host body and formed cocoons. The parasitoid cocoons were collected. The experiment was repeated 5 times.

[0039] The experiment found that the mole wasp can parasitize the Indian meal moth, and the parasitism rate was (38.0±8.2)%. The mole wasp prefers the middle-stage host. If the host larvae are too young, the nutrition provided to the parasitoid wasp for growth and development is less, and the final bee size is also smaller; if the larvae are too old, the parasitoid wasp larvae will be entangled by the silk spit out by the older larvae when they drill out of the host, affecting their own silk spinning and cocooning process. Therefore, it is appropriate to use 3-4 instar Indian meal moth larvae as hosts.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The 3rd to 4th instar larvae of Indian meal moth were used as hosts. The host larvae density was set to 20 per box. One adult of the wasp was released into the box and parasitized at 26°C. After 8 hours, the parasitoid was taken out and an appropriate amount of artificial feed was added to the plastic box to continue feeding the larvae of Indian meal moth until the parasitoid larvae drilled out of the host body and formed cocoons. The parasitoid cocoons were collected. The experiment was repeated 5 times. The parasitism rate of the wasp on the larvae of Indian meal moth was (50.0±18.4)%.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The effect of different host densities on parasitism load and parasitism rate.

[0044] The 3rd to 4th instar larvae of Indian meal moth were used as hosts. Six groups of experiments with different densities of Indian meal moth larvae were set up. The densities of Indian meal moth larvae were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 larvae per box, respectively. One adult of Parasitoid wasp was released from each box. The parasitism was carried out at 26°C. After 8 hours, the parasitoids were taken out and the Indian meal moth larvae were separated and placed in culture dishes filled with artificial feed. They were raised in an insectary until the parasitoid larvae emerged from the host body and made cocoons. The parasitoid cocoons were collected.

[0045] Table 1 The parasitism amount and parasitism rate of Mylosoma punctatum at different larval densities of Indian meal borer

[0046] Host quantity / head 5 10 15 20 25 30 Parasite amount / head 3.3±0.4 5.2±1.1 10.3±0.7 10.8±1.8 10.7±3.0 12.7±2.3 Parasitism rate% 65.0±8.3 52.0±10.7 68.9±4.8 53.8±8.7 43.0±12.0 42.2±7.8

[0047] Each experiment was repeated 5 times, and the parasitism amount and parasitism rate of the wasp under different host densities were counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] The same rearing steps as in Example 1 were followed, but the host species was replaced, and the parasitism experiment was conducted with Spodoptera frugiperda, and the parasitism amount and parasitism rate of the ceratosaurus were compared when Indian meal moth and Spodoptera frugiperda were used as hosts. The results when Spodoptera frugiperda was used as the host are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 The parasitism amount and parasitism rate of Mylosoma punctatum under different densities of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae

[0051] Number of hosts / head 5 10 15 20 25 30 Parasite amount / head 2.4±0.5 4.3±0.9 6.4±1.4 6.7±1.3 8.8±1.4 9.9±1.7 Parasitism rate% 48.0±10.7 42.7±8.6 42.7±9.5 33.7±6.5 35.2±5.5 33.1±5.8

[0052] It can be seen from Table 1 in Example 3 and Table 2 in Comparative Example 1 that with the increase in host larval density, the parasitic amount of the mole-shaped braconid wasp increases, while the parasitic rate basically shows a downward trend. By comparison, we can find that the parasitic amount and parasitic rate of the mole-shaped braconid wasp to different larval densities of Indian meal moth are higher than those of different densities of fall armyworm larvae, indicating that the indoor breeding and parasitism efficiency of the mole-shaped braconid wasp using Indian meal moth as a host is high. Indian meal moth is easy to raise, and a sufficient amount of artificial feed can be provided at one time, and the experimental operation is simple and low in cost. Therefore, the Indian meal moth is significantly superior to the fall armyworm in terms of parasitic reproduction performance and cost, and is a more excellent host species.

Claims

1. A method for artificially breeding Meteorus pulchricornis, characterized in that: Using Indian meal borer (Plodia interpunctella) as a host and Plodia interpunctella as a parasitic wasp, the method comprises the following steps: (1) placing the larvae of the Indian meal borer into a breeding container and releasing the adult parasites of the wasp wasp; (2) After the parasitism is over, the adult parasitoids are removed and the host is continued to be fed until the offspring of the parasitic bee emerge from the host and spin a cocoon; (3) collecting the adult parasitic wasps after emergence; Controlling the temperature of the host during parasitism and after parasitism at 26±5°C in step (1) and step (2); The photoperiod of the host in the parasitization and post-parasitization rearing in step (1) and step (2) is controlled to be 12 to 14 hours of light, 10 to 12 hours of darkness, and a relative humidity of 60% to 70%; The ratio of the number of released adults of the wasp wasp to the host during parasitism is 1:5-30.

2. The method for artificially breeding Myxoma punctatum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Indian meal moth larvae are 3rd to 4th instar larvae of Indian meal moth.

3. The method for artificially breeding Mylocera punctata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pupae of the mole-shaped braconid were taken for breeding, and the parasitic bees were used as the first generation of breeding bees after they emerged; the adult parasitic bees collected in step (3) can be used as breeding bees for the reproduction of the next generation of parasitic bees.

4. The method for artificially breeding Myxoma punctatum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adult parasitic wasps collected in step (3) are stored at 18°C.