Salmeterol sulfate electrochemical sensor and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the fields of bio-based electronic materials technology and sensors, and discloses a salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor and its preparation method. The salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor includes the preparation and drop-coating of a conductive carbonized grapefruit base, a silver nanowire ethanol solution, and a carbon nanowire ethanol solution. Utilizing the inherent three-dimensional porous structure of the conductive carbonized grapefruit base, silver nanowires and carbon nanowires are drop-coated onto the surface of grapefruit peel. After drying, a flexible conductive material with good conductivity on a bio-based substrate is obtained. Combining silver nanowires and carbon nanowires with the grapefruit base structure enhances conductivity, and the synergistic effect between the silver nanowires and the porous structure of the carbonized grapefruit base enhances the sensor's sensitivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of bio-based electronic materials technology and sensor technology, and relates to a salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor and its preparation method, specifically to a preparation method of a salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor prepared by carbonizing grapefruit peel. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, bio-based electrochemical sensors have been widely researched and applied in popular fields such as electronic mobile terminals, medical and health monitoring devices, and intelligent robots. Traditional sensors are mostly based on metals and semiconductor materials, which are costly and have low recyclability. The bio-based material used in this invention is carbonized grapefruit peel. The carbonized grapefruit peel sensor not only possesses the advantages of traditional sensors but also boasts high recyclability and low cost.

[0003] Bio-based electrochemical biosensors typically consist of a substrate layer, an active layer, and electrodes. For bio-based electrochemical biosensors, the substrate material plays a crucial role in determining the sensor's sensitivity and suspension properties. Different materials can be used to improve the substrate material, such as biomolecules, nanomaterials, polymers, and carbon nanotubes.

[0004] It has been studied across multiple disciplines, including bioengineering, materials science, electrochemistry, and biochemistry, and has become a substitute for traditional analytical instruments. Electrochemical biosensors are an emerging and important analytical instrument. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides an electrochemical sensor for salbutamol sulfate prepared from carbonized grapefruit peel. This preparation method offers advantages such as low cost, simple preparation, and ease of large-scale production. The salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor is a flexible stress sensor based on a combination of carbonized grapefruit peel, silver nanowires, and carbon nanowires as the substrate and active layer. Grapefruit, silver nanowires, and carbon nanowires are all commercially available. The salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor is prepared by composited silver nanowires and carbon nanowires onto the natural network structure of carbonized grapefruit peel.

[0006] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a salbutamol sulfate sensor, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Selection of pomelos: Based on market research, we selected white-fleshed pomelos, which are commonly available on the market. White-fleshed pomelos have thick peels, which are suitable for the physical size requirements of common sensors.

[0009] 2) Preliminary processing of pomelo peel: Cut the pomelo into 4 equal parts along the meridian of its sphere; then separate it from the pulp to obtain 4 equal parts of pomelo peel; then cut along the weft of the sphere with a cutting size of 1mm, and cut off the oily layer of the pomelo peel to obtain the initial sample of pomelo peel;

[0010] 3) Drying and size design of sample grapefruit peel: Place the initial sample grapefruit peel on filter paper of the same size as the oven; put it in the oven to dry at a temperature of about 70℃. During the drying process, the oven needs to be opened to wipe away the evaporated water; repeat this operation until there is no water vapor in the oven. The size design of the sample grapefruit peel is a cube of 3cm*3cm*0.1cm.

[0011] 4) Carbonization of grapefruit peel: Press the dried grapefruit peel firmly with a dry pan plate and place it in a high-temperature muffle furnace. Slowly introduce nitrogen gas into the muffle furnace for 90 seconds, seal the muffle furnace, and set the temperature to 420℃. When the temperature of the muffle furnace reaches 420℃, start timing for 30 minutes. When the temperature inside the muffle furnace reaches below 60℃, the carbonized grapefruit peel can be removed.

[0012] 5) Preparation of silver nanowire ethanol solution / carbon nanowire ethanol solution: Prepare a homogeneous silver nanowire ethanol solution / carbon nanowire ethanol solution with a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL.

[0013] 6) Drop coating ①: The well dispersed silver nanowire ethanol solution is evenly dropped onto the carbonized grapefruit peel sample. The specification is to use a 100μL pipette to transfer 50μL of silver nanowire ethanol solution for drop coating. The total amount of each base coating is 350μL, that is, 50μl×7 times.

[0014] 7) Post-coating treatment: Place each coated carbonized grapefruit peel in a 30℃ oven to dry for approximately 4 hours. During the drying time, manually open the oven to wipe away any ethanol condensation droplets with filter paper.

[0015] 8) Drop coating ②: The well dispersed carbon nanowire ethanol solution is evenly dropped onto the carbonized grapefruit peel sample. The specification is to use a 100μL pipette to transfer 50μL of carbon nanowire ethanol solution for drop coating. The total amount of each base coating is 350μL, that is, 50μL×7 times.

[0016] 9) Post-coating treatment: Place each coated carbonized grapefruit peel in a 30℃ oven to dry for approximately 4 hours. During the drying time, manually open the oven to wipe the ethanol condensate droplets clean with filter paper.

[0017] 10) Consider steps 6)-9) as one cycle. Repeat the above operation cycle 4 times, for a total of 5 operation cycles, to complete the preparation of the carbonized grapefruit peel sample.

[0018] A salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor was prepared according to the method described above.

[0019] An electrode for an electrochemical sensor of salbutamol sulfate is provided, wherein the reference electrode is a silver / silver chloride electrode, the counter electrode is a platinum wire electrode, and the working electrode is an electrochemical sensor prepared according to the method described above.

[0020] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0021] By fully utilizing the inherent three-dimensional porous structure of dried, carbonized grapefruit peel as an electrode support, and adding nano-conductive materials to prepare conductive electrodes, a flexible sensor fabrication can be achieved. Since grapefruit peel is a biological material found in the environment and is mostly waste material, this method can, to some extent, turn waste into treasure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is the electrochemical response curve of salbutamol sulfate described in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the reaction kinetics experiment of salbutamol sulfate described in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods, and the experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can all be obtained commercially.

[0025] A grapefruit peel bio-based electrochemical sensor comprises grapefruit peel and a layer of silver nanowires and carbon nanowires attached to its surface. The preparation method of the grapefruit peel bio-based sensor provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Preliminary treatment of grapefruit peel as a bio-based substrate. Grapefruit selection: The grapefruits used in this experiment were all common thick-skinned white-fleshed and thick-skinned red-fleshed varieties. Grapefruit peel cutting: The grapefruit peel was cut into four pieces along the warp lines of the fruit, separating the peel from the pulp. Then, it was finely cut along the weft lines of the fruit, with a cut width of 0.1–0.2 cm. The resulting peel pieces were then cut to remove excess oil. Grapefruit peel drying: The grapefruit peel was placed on 30×20 cm filter paper, with another layer of filter paper placed on top. Books were placed on both sides of the filter paper to weigh them down and prevent the peel from curling. The peel was placed in an oven at 70℃, and the oven was opened intermittently for drying. This process was repeated at least 20 times until the humidity inside the oven matched the ambient air humidity. The design of the grapefruit peel shape: referring to the common electrode specifications on the market, it is cut into a three-dimensional sheet of 3×1×0.1~0.2cm.

[0027] The second step is the carbonization of the grapefruit peel. Press the dried grapefruit peel firmly onto a dry pan and place it in a high-temperature muffle furnace. Slowly introduce nitrogen gas into the muffle furnace for 90 seconds, then seal the furnace. Set the temperature to 420℃. When the furnace reaches 420℃, start timing for 30 minutes. Remove the carbonized grapefruit peel when the internal temperature of the muffle furnace drops below 60℃.

[0028] The fourth step is the preparation of the silver nanowire ethanol solution. Prepare a silver nanowire ethanol solution of a certain concentration (0.01 mg / mL-5 mg / mL). After preparation, sonicate for 30 minutes to fully disperse the silver nanowires in the ethanol and stabilize into a homogeneous solution. During this process, ensure that the solution temperature does not exceed room temperature.

[0029] Step 5: Preparation of carbon nanowire ethanol solution. Prepare a carbon nanowire ethanol solution of a certain concentration (0.01 mg / mL - 5 mg / mL). After preparation, sonicate for 30 minutes to fully disperse the carbon nanowires in the ethanol and stabilize into a homogeneous solution. During this process, ensure that the solution temperature does not exceed room temperature.

[0030] Step 6, drop coating. The dispersed silver nanowire ethanol solution and carbon nanowire ethanol solution are evenly drop-coated onto the cut grapefruit peel. Five layers are applied, and after each layer is applied, it is placed in an oven at 30°C to dry before the next layer is dropped.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Place the carbonized grapefruit peel in a clean petri dish, with 7 samples per dish. Use a 200 μL pipette to transfer 0.02 mL of a 10 mg / mL silver nanowire solution to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. Then, use a 1000 μL pipette to transfer 0.8 mL of deionized water to the same microcentrifuge tube. Shake the microcentrifuge tube to prepare 1 mL of a 0.2 mg / mL silver nanowire solution. Use a pipette to evenly drop the 0.2 mg / mL silver nanowire solution from the microcentrifuge tube onto the dried grapefruit peel. Allow it to dry to obtain a dried grapefruit peel electrode coated with a layer of silver nanowire ethanol solution. 0.2 mL of a 10 mg / mL silver nanowire solution was transferred to a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube using a pipette. Then, 0.8 mL of deionized water was transferred to the same microcentrifuge tube using a 1000 μL pipette. The microcentrifuge tube was shaken to prepare a 1 mL solution of 0.2 mg / mL silver nanowires. The 0.2 mg / mL silver nanowire solution was then evenly drop-coated onto dried grapefruit peel using a pipette. The peel was allowed to dry, resulting in a dried grapefruit peel electrode coated with a layer of silver nanowire ethanol solution. After the sample dried, 0.00020 g of carbon nanotubes was weighed into a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. Then, 1.0 mL of deionized water was transferred to the same microcentrifuge tube using a 1000 μL pipette. The microcentrifuge tube was shaken to prepare a 1 mL solution of 0.2 mg / mL carbon nanowires. A 0.2 mg / mL carbon nanowire ethanol solution was pipetted from a microcentrifuge tube and uniformly drop-coated onto carbonized grapefruit peel. The peel was then dried to obtain a dried grapefruit peel electrode coated with one layer of silver nanowire ethanol solution and one layer of carbon nanowire ethanol solution. The above procedure was repeated to prepare carbonized grapefruit peel electrodes coated with five layers each of silver nanowire ethanol solution and carbon nanowire ethanol solution.

[0033] Example 2: Response of salbutamol sulfate

[0034] A PBS solution with a pH of 7 was prepared as the electrolyte solution. 0.01685g of salbutamol sulfate powder was weighed and dissolved in 50mL of the PBS solution, yielding a concentration of salbutamol sulfate of 1×10⁻⁶ in the PBS buffer solution. -3 mol / L. Then, cyclic voltammetry was used, with a scan range of -0.5V to 1.5V and a scan rate of 100mV / s. The experimental results are attached. Figure 1 As shown, by Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with pure PBS base solution, the cyclic voltammetric curve shows a significant reduction peak, indicating a good response. Figure 1The peak current exhibits a regular linear relationship with the concentration of salbutamol sulfate, indicating that this electrochemical sensor has a good electrochemical response to salbutamol sulfate. The electrochemical response experiment to salbutamol sulfate was conducted on a Chenhua CH660 electrochemical workstation using cyclic voltammetry and a traditional three-electrode system. A silver / silver chloride electrode was used as the reference electrode, a platinum wire electrode as the counter electrode, and the working electrode was the electrochemical sensor prepared according to Example 1 of this invention.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] The reaction kinetics of salbutamol sulfate was conducted on a Chenhua CHI660 electrochemical workstation, using 1 mmol / L... -1 Potassium ferricyanide-potassium ferrocyanide solution and 0.2 mol / L -1 Potassium chloride solution was used as the electrolyte in a three-electrode system for determination. The effect of different scan rates on the effect of salbutamol sulfate was investigated by varying the scan rate under cyclic voltammetry. The experiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, by Figure 2 It can be seen that there is a good linear relationship between the scanning rate and the current intensity as the scanning speed changes.

[0037] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. Any obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor, characterized by, Includes the following steps: 1) Selection of pomelos: Based on market research, we selected white-fleshed pomelos, which are commonly available on the market. White-fleshed pomelos have thick peels, which are suitable for the physical size requirements of common sensors. 2) Preliminary processing of pomelo peel: Cut the pomelo into 4 equal parts along the meridian of its sphere; then separate it from the pulp to obtain 4 equal parts of pomelo peel; then cut along the weft of the sphere with a cutting size of 1mm, and cut off the oily layer of the pomelo peel to obtain the initial sample of pomelo peel; 3) Drying and size design of sample grapefruit peel: Place the initial sample grapefruit peel on filter paper of the same size as the oven; put it in the oven to dry at a temperature of about 70℃. During the drying process, the oven needs to be opened to wipe away the evaporated water; repeat this operation until there is no water vapor in the oven. The size design of the sample grapefruit peel is a cube of 3cm*3cm*0.1cm. 4) Carbonization of grapefruit peel: Press the dried grapefruit peel firmly with a dry pan plate and place it in a high-temperature muffle furnace. Slowly introduce nitrogen gas into the muffle furnace for 90 seconds, seal the muffle furnace, and set the temperature to 420℃. When the temperature of the muffle furnace reaches 420℃, start timing for 30 minutes. When the temperature inside the muffle furnace reaches below 60℃, the carbonized grapefruit peel can be removed. 5) Preparation of silver nanowire ethanol solution / carbon nanowire ethanol solution: Prepare a homogeneous silver nanowire ethanol solution / carbon nanowire ethanol solution with a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL. 6) Drop coating ①: The well dispersed silver nanowire ethanol solution is evenly dropped onto the carbonized grapefruit peel sample. Specifically, 50 μL of silver nanowire ethanol solution is transferred with a pipette and dropped 7 times, with a total drop volume of 350 μL. 7) Post-coating treatment: Place each coated carbonized grapefruit peel in a 30℃ oven to dry for 4 hours. During the drying time, manually open the oven and wipe the ethanol condensate droplets clean with filter paper. 8) Drop coating ②: The well dispersed carbon nanowire ethanol solution is evenly dropped onto the carbonized grapefruit peel sample. Specifically, 50 μL of silver nanowire ethanol solution is transferred with a pipette and dropped 7 times, with a total drop volume of 350 μL. 9) Post-coating treatment: Place each coated carbonized grapefruit peel in a 30℃ oven to dry for 4 hours. During the drying time, manually open the oven and wipe the ethanol condensate droplets clean with filter paper. 10) Record steps 6)-9) as one operation cycle, and repeat this operation cycle 4 times, for a total of 5 operation cycles, to complete the preparation of carbonized grapefruit peel sample.

2. A salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor characterized by, Prepared according to the method of claim 1.

3. An electrode consisting of a salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor, characterized by, The working electrode is the salbutamol sulfate electrochemical sensor as described in claim 2, the reference electrode is a silver / silver chloride electrode, and the counter electrode is a platinum wire electrode.