An optical system design optimization method, device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The application provides an optical system design optimization method and device and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: determining variable parameters in this round, wherein the variable parameters in this round at least comprise phase coefficients of each order; substituting the variable parameters in this round into a phase distribution formula used in actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and any position on the surface of a superlens in the neighborhood of an incident angle frequency; and determining the group delay in this round corresponding to the incident angle frequency and the group delay dispersion in this round; performing first optimization on the variable parameters in this round in a manner of constraining the value of the group delay in this round and the value of the group delay dispersion in this round to determine the optimized target variable parameters. The optical system design optimization method and device and electronic equipment provided in the embodiment of the application can be combined with traditional optical design, the high-order terms of phase expansion are further constrained, the further correction of high-order dispersion of the optical system is realized, and the imaging capability of the system is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical design technology, and more specifically, to an optical system design optimization method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] When designing a superlens optical system, or an optical system that combines a superlens with a traditional refractive lens (also known as a refractive-superlens hybrid system), the ability of the optical system to correct higher-order dispersion is particularly important for the final image quality.

[0003] In current phase calculations for superlens design, common methods include... And so on, where r represents the distance between any position on the surface of the superlens and the center of the superlens, ω represents the angular frequency of the incident light, c represents the speed of light, and n eff Here, h represents the effective refractive index, and h represents the height of the nanopillar. Superlenses are typically used in conjunction with traditional optical lenses, often requiring simulation optimization and other related design work based on parameters from traditional optics. Therefore, the formula above is not applicable to the design of practical optical systems. It is not easy to achieve an optical system that simultaneously satisfies both conventional aberrations and higher-order dispersions through design combined with traditional optics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the existing technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide an optical system design optimization method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an optical system design optimization method, comprising: determining current-round variable parameters, wherein the current-round variable parameters include at least: phase coefficients of each order; substituting the current-round variable parameters into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the current-round variable parameters and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; wherein the neighborhood represents an angular frequency range including the incident angular frequency; determining the current-round group delay and current-round group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency based on the relationship between the current-round group delay and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; performing a first optimization on the current-round variable parameters by constraining the magnitude of the current-round group delay and the magnitude of the current-round group delay dispersion, determining the optimized target variable parameters, and generating an optical system based on the target variable parameters.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an optical design optimization device, comprising: a determination module, a substitution module, a calculation module, and an optimization module; the determination module is used to determine the variable parameters of the current round, the variable parameters of the current round including at least: phase coefficients of each order; the substitution module is used to substitute the variable parameters of the current round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency at any position on the surface of the superlens; the neighborhood represents an angular frequency range including the incident angular frequency; the calculation module is used to determine the current round group delay and the current round group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency based on the relationship between the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency at any position on the surface of the superlens; the optimization module is used to perform a first optimization on the variable parameters of the current round by constraining the magnitude of the current round group delay and the magnitude of the current round group delay dispersion, to determine the optimized target variable parameters, and to generate an optical system based on the target variable parameters.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the optical system design optimization method described in the first aspect above.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the optical system design optimization method described in the first aspect above.

[0009] The optical system design optimization method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium provided in this invention can directly utilize the phase distribution formula used in actual optical design. By constraining the numerical magnitudes of the current-round variable parameters (such as the phase coefficients of each order) corresponding to the current-round group delay and the current-round group delay dispersion, a first optimization of the current-round variable parameters is performed until the optimized target variable parameters are obtained. An optical system capable of correcting higher-order dispersion is then generated according to the optimized target variable parameters. This method can be combined with traditional optical design, further constraining the higher-order terms of the phase expansion to achieve further correction of higher-order dispersion in the optical system, thereby further improving the system's imaging capability. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention or the background art will be described below.

[0011] Figure 1 A flowchart of an optical system design optimization method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0012] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the range of the group delay value domain in Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the range of the group delay dispersion value domain in Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the optical system in Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention is shown;

[0015] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the group delay at different positions of the superlens corresponding to different incident angular frequencies in Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the group time delay dispersion at different positions of the superlens corresponding to different incident angular frequencies in Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 9 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 10 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 11 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 12 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 13 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 14 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 14 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 14 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 15 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 16 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when incident at a wavelength of 8 μm and a field of view of 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 1 provided in this invention.

[0027] Figure 17 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 18 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when incident with a wavelength of 10 μm and a field of view of 30 degrees, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 19 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 20 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when incident at a wavelength of 12 μm and a field of view of 30 degrees, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 21 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 14 μm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 22 This diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system when incident at a wavelength of 14 μm and a field of view of 30 degrees, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 23 This diagram illustrates the focus shift of different wavelengths through the optical system in Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the optical system in Comparative Example 1 provided by the embodiments of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 25 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is normal incidence.

[0036] Figure 26 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees.

[0037] Figure 27 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function of the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is normal incidence.

[0038] Figure 28 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees.

[0039] Figure 29 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function of the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is normal incidence.

[0040] Figure 30 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees.

[0041] Figure 31 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function of the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 14 μm and the field of view is normal incidence.

[0042] Figure 32 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the wavelength is 14 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees.

[0043] Figure 33 The diagram shows a diffuse spot after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention when the wavelength is 8-14μm and the field of view is normal incidence.

[0044] Figure 34The diagram shows a schematic of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention when the wavelength is 8-14μm and the field of view is 30 degrees.

[0045] Figure 35 The diagram shows the focus shift of different wavelengths through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 36 This diagram illustrates the range of the group delay value domain in Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0047] Figure 37 This diagram illustrates the range of the group delay dispersion value domain in Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 38 A schematic diagram of the optical system in Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention is shown;

[0049] Figure 39 This diagram illustrates the group delay at different positions of the superlens corresponding to different incident angular frequencies in Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 40 This diagram illustrates the group time delay dispersion at different positions of the superlens corresponding to different incident angular frequencies in Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0051] Figure 41 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 486 nm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0052] Figure 42 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 486 nm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 43 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 587nm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0054] Figure 44 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 587nm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0055] Figure 45The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 656 nm and the field of view is normal incidence, according to Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention.

[0056] Figure 46 The diagram shows a schematic and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 656 nm and the field of view is 30 degrees, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 47 A dot diagram of the optical system in Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention is shown;

[0058] Figure 48 A schematic diagram of an optical design optimization device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0059] Figure 49 The diagram shows a schematic of an electronic device for performing an optical system design optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an optical system design optimization method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps 101-104.

[0062] Step 101: Determine the variable parameters for this round. The variable parameters for this round shall include at least the phase coefficients of each order.

[0063] When designing an optical system, the first step is to identify the variable parameters that need optimization. It's understood that changing the values ​​of these parameters can achieve better design specifications. These variable parameters should at least include the phase coefficients of each order that constitute the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design; for example, the phase coefficient α satisfied by the superlens. i b i a ij and b ij The variable parameters for this round represent the real-time data of the variable parameters corresponding to the current round. Specifically, the variable parameters for this round can be the initially set variable parameters, such as 0. In other words, the phase coefficients of each order corresponding to the current round can all be 0. Alternatively, a set of variable parameters for this round (such as the phase coefficients of each order) for a certain round to be processed can be determined or automatically generated by optical design software (such as Zemax).

[0064] In applications combining superlenses and traditional optical lenses, variable parameters (such as phase coefficients of various orders) can be determined based on the design specifications of the optical system. These design specifications may include: the system's wavelength (e.g., visible or infrared wavelength), field of view, entrance pupil diameter, focal length, total system length, modulation transfer function (MTF), relative illumination (RI), root mean square (RMS), and various aberration requirements. It should be noted that, in addition to using the phase coefficients of each order as variable parameters, the embodiments of the present invention can also set the spacing between the superlens or conventional lenses as a parameter to be optimized, similar to the variable parameters, according to the above design specifications. During the subsequent optical design optimization process, the spacing between the superlens or conventional lenses is also optimized to a certain extent. Furthermore, according to the above design specifications, the curvature and thickness of the conventional lens can also be set as another parameter to be optimized, similar to the variable parameters, and optimized together. For example, when the optical system includes conventional spherical lenses and / or aspherical lenses, in addition to the phase coefficients of each order, the curvature and thickness of the conventional lenses can also be set as parameters to be optimized for optimization.

[0065] Step 102: Substitute the variable parameters of this round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the position of the superlens surface at any position in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; the neighborhood represents the angular frequency range including the incident angular frequency.

[0066] The phase distribution formula used in actual optical design can include various expressions, and these phase distribution formulas can represent the relationship between phase and incident angular frequency and position. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can select at least one phase distribution formula from various phase distribution formulas used in actual optical design, substitute the variable parameters of the current round into the selected phase distribution formula, and further determine the correspondence between the phase position in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency and the position on the superlens surface based on the phase distribution formula with the variable parameters of the current round substituted. The angular frequency range containing the incident angular frequency can be called the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; in other words, the incident angular frequency is any angular frequency located in its neighborhood. For example, if the incident angular frequency is ω5, the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency can be (ω0, ω5). 10 ), where ω0 and ω 10 For each of the two boundary values ​​in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, ω0 < ω5 < ω 10 .

[0067] Step 103: Determine the current round secondary group delay and current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency based on the relationship between the phase and the position of the superlens surface at any location in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0068] Since the phase distribution formulas used in actual optical design are all mathematical expressions that include phase coefficients of each order, the "relationship between phase and time at any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency" determined in step 102 above is actually a mathematical expression described by the variable parameters of this round (phase coefficients of each order in the current round). Therefore, after knowing the "relationship between phase and time at any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency" that includes the variable parameters of this round, the group delay and group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency in the current round can be determined, thus obtaining the group delay and group delay dispersion of this round related to the variable parameters of this round.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the group delay (GD) and group delay dispersion (GDD) corresponding to the incident angular frequency in the current round can be calculated by various methods. For example, they can be calculated by fitting analytical expressions or by using the difference between adjacent angular frequencies. The group delay and group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency in the current round are respectively used as the group delay and group delay dispersion of the current round related to the variable parameters of the current round.

[0070] Step 104: Perform the first optimization on the variable parameters of the current round by constraining the magnitude of the time delay and dispersion of the current round subgroup, determine the optimized target variable parameters, and generate the optical system based on the target variable parameters.

[0071] Wherein, the group delay corresponding to the target variable parameter is included in the preset group delay value range and has the smallest difference with the first adjacent value; the group delay dispersion corresponding to the target variable parameter is included in the preset group delay dispersion value range and has the smallest difference with the second adjacent value; the first adjacent value represents the discrete point value in the group delay value range with the smallest difference from the group delay corresponding to the target variable parameter; the second adjacent value represents the discrete point value in the group delay dispersion value range with the smallest difference from the group delay dispersion corresponding to the target variable parameter.

[0072] In this process, after calculating the current round subgroup delay and dispersion, we can first determine whether the current round subgroup delay and dispersion meet the expected target. If they do not meet the expected target, we can constrain their specific values ​​and perform the first optimization of the current round subgroup variable parameters based on these constraints. If the current round subgroup delay and dispersion meet the expected target, we can consider that the current round subgroup variable parameters corresponding to them no longer need to undergo the first optimization operation and can be directly used as the target variable parameters.

[0073] Specifically, the above-mentioned expected objectives include: the current round group delay corresponding to the variable parameter belongs to the preset group delay value range and the difference with the first adjacent value is minimized; and the current round group delay dispersion corresponding to the variable parameter belongs to the preset group delay dispersion value range and the difference with the second adjacent value is minimized; in this embodiment of the invention, the difference can be considered to be minimized when the difference is less than a certain threshold. The group delay range is a preset interval containing the group delay corresponding to multiple discrete points. For example, the group delay range is (m0, m1), and the two boundary values ​​m0 and m1 of this group delay range include multiple discrete points, each of which corresponds to a value. It should be noted that the two boundary values ​​m0 and m1 of the group delay range can be obtained by scanning the response of different nanostructures to angular frequencies. Correspondingly, the group delay dispersion range is a preset interval containing the group delay dispersion corresponding to multiple discrete points. For example, the group delay dispersion range is (k0, k1), and the two boundary values ​​k0 and k1 of this group delay dispersion range include multiple discrete points, each of which corresponds to a value. The first adjacent value represents the value corresponding to the discrete point in the preset group delay range that is closest to the group delay of the current round. The second adjacent value represents the value corresponding to the discrete point in the preset group delay dispersion range that is closest to the group delay dispersion of the current round.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, if the current round subgroup delay and current round subgroup delay dispersion do not meet the above-mentioned expected goals, the current round subvariable parameters can be optimized by constraining the magnitude of the current round subgroup delay and the magnitude of the current round subgroup delay dispersion. After each round of the first optimization, it is determined whether the current round subgroup delay and current round subgroup delay dispersion meet the above-mentioned expected goals. If not, a new round of the first optimization is performed until the current round subgroup delay and current round subgroup delay dispersion meet the above-mentioned expected goals. The current round subvariable parameters that meet the above-mentioned expected goals are taken as the target variable parameters, i.e., the optimized target variable parameters. In other words, the group delay corresponding to the optimized target variable parameters is contained within a preset group delay value range and has the smallest difference with the first adjacent value, and the group delay dispersion corresponding to the optimized target variable parameters is contained within a preset group delay dispersion value range and has the smallest difference with the second adjacent value. Therefore, an optical system can be designed and generated according to the optimized target variable parameters, and the designed and generated optical system is an optical system capable of correcting higher-order dispersion.

[0075] The optical system design optimization method provided in this invention can directly utilize the phase distribution formula used in actual optical design. By constraining the numerical magnitudes of the current-round variable parameters (such as phase coefficients of each order) corresponding to the current-round group delay and dispersion, a first optimization of the current-round variable parameters is performed until the optimized target variable parameters are obtained. An optical system capable of correcting higher-order dispersion is then generated according to the optimized target variable parameters. This method can be combined with traditional optical design, further constraining the higher-order terms of the phase expansion to achieve further correction of higher-order dispersion in the optical system, thereby further improving the system's imaging capability.

[0076] Optionally, step 103 above, "performing the first optimization of the variable parameters of the current round by constraining the magnitude of the current round subgroup delay value and the magnitude of the current round subgroup delay dispersion value", may include the following step A.

[0077] Step A: Perform numerical constraint operations on the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion cyclically until the constrained current round subgroup delay belongs to the preset group delay value range and the difference between it and the first adjacent value is minimized, and the constrained current round subgroup delay dispersion belongs to the preset group delay dispersion value range and the difference between it and the second adjacent value is minimized.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, numerical constraint operations can be performed iteratively to optimize the variable parameters of the current round. For example, after performing numerical constraint operations on the current round group delay and current round group delay dispersion corresponding to the current round variable parameters, if the current round group delay corresponding to the constrained current round variable parameters does not meet the condition that it belongs to the preset group delay value range and has the smallest difference with the first adjacent value, and / or, the current round group delay dispersion corresponding to the constrained current round variable parameters does not meet the condition that it belongs to the preset group delay dispersion value range and has the smallest difference with the second adjacent value, the numerical constraint operation can be performed iteratively until the current round variable parameter that has the current round group delay belonging to the preset group delay value range and has the smallest difference with the first adjacent value, and the current round group delay dispersion belonging to the preset group delay dispersion value range and has the smallest difference with the second adjacent value is obtained, and the current round variable parameter is taken as the target variable parameter.

[0079] Optionally, the numerical constraint operation in step A above may include the following steps A1-A4.

[0080] Step A1: Substitute the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion into the preset higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0081] The higher-order dispersion evaluation function may include weighted processing of the first term and the second term. The first term is used to represent the difference between the current subgroup delay and the group delay range, and the second term is used to represent the difference between the current subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range.

[0082] This invention provides an evaluation function for assessing the ability of a designed optical system to correct higher-order dispersion, namely, a higher-order dispersion evaluation function. By substituting the current-round subgroup delay and the current-round subgroup delay dispersion into this higher-order dispersion evaluation function, it is further determined that the current-round variable parameters corresponding to the current-round subgroup delay and the current-round subgroup delay dispersion can be used to design and generate an optical system capable of correcting higher-order dispersion. Specifically, the higher-order dispersion evaluation function includes weighted processing of the differences between the current-round subgroup delay and the group delay range, and the differences between the current-round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range. The difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range can be used as the first term of the higher-order dispersion evaluation function. This difference can indicate the positional relationship between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range. For example, this difference can indicate whether the specific position of the current round subgroup delay is within or outside the group delay range. Correspondingly, the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range can be used as the second term of the higher-order dispersion evaluation function, and the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range can also indicate the positional relationship between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range.

[0083] Step A2: Determine whether the current round subgroup delay belongs to the preset group delay value range; if so, take the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the first adjacent value as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay value range; otherwise, take the minimum difference between the current round subgroup delay and the boundary value of the group delay value range as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay value range.

[0084] One method is to determine whether the current round's subgroup delay belongs to the group delay range by subtracting the current round's subgroup delay from a discrete point in the group delay range. For example, the current round's subgroup delay can be subtracted from each discrete point in the group delay range in turn, and the sign of each difference can be used to determine whether the current round's subgroup delay is located in the preset group delay range.

[0085] If the current round subgroup delay is within the group delay range, the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the first adjacent value (that is, the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the value of the nearest discrete point) is taken as the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range represented by the first term in the higher-order dispersion evaluation function; if the current round subgroup delay is not within the group delay range, and the current round subgroup delay is less than the minimum boundary value of the group delay range, the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the minimum boundary value of the group delay range is taken as the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range represented by the first term in the higher-order dispersion evaluation function; if the current round subgroup delay is not within the group delay range, and the current round subgroup delay is greater than the maximum boundary value of the group delay range, the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the maximum boundary value of the group delay range is taken as the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range represented by the first term in the higher-order dispersion evaluation function. It should be noted that after the numerical constraint operation, if the higher-order dispersion function is minimized, the difference between the current round group delay and the first adjacent value is minimized.

[0086] Step A3: Determine whether the subgroup delay dispersion of this round belongs to the preset group delay dispersion range; if so, take the difference between the subgroup delay dispersion of this round and the second adjacent value as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay dispersion range; otherwise, take the minimum difference between the subgroup delay dispersion of this round and the boundary value of the group delay dispersion range as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay dispersion range.

[0087] This embodiment of the invention can perform the same processing on the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range based on a similar judgment method described in step A2 above, thereby obtaining the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range, which will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that after the numerical constraint operation, if the higher-order dispersion function is minimized, the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the second adjacent value is minimized.

[0088] Step A4: Numerically constrain the current round subgroup delay and the dispersion of the current round subgroup delay by minimizing the higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0089] By minimizing both the first and second terms of the higher-order dispersion evaluation function, the numerical magnitudes of the subgroup delay and the subgroup delay dispersion in the current round can be constrained. In other words, by gradually reducing the difference between the subgroup delay and the group delay range corresponding to the first term, and by gradually reducing the difference between the subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range corresponding to the second term, the numerical magnitudes of the subgroup delay and the subgroup delay dispersion in each round are adjusted to gradually approach an optimal value, ultimately achieving the goal of minimizing the higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0090] For example, by minimizing the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range (i.e., the first term), and by minimizing the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range (i.e., the second term), the result of weighting the first and second terms (i.e., the higher-order dispersion evaluation function) can be minimized. Finally, the current round subgroup delay, which is contained in the group delay range and has the smallest difference with the first adjacent value, and the current round subgroup delay dispersion, which is contained in the group delay dispersion range and has the smallest difference with the second adjacent value, are obtained, thus yielding the optimized target variable parameters.

[0091] Optionally, the higher-order dispersion evaluation function satisfies:

[0092] Wherein, GF represents the higher-order dispersion evaluation function; W1 represents the weighting factor corresponding to the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range; W2 represents the weighting factor corresponding to the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range; ω represents an incident angle frequency within the range; GD(ω) represents the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the incident angle frequency; GDD(ω) represents the current round subgroup delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angle frequency; (m 0ω m 1ω ) represents the group delay range corresponding to the incident angular frequency, where m 0ω The minimum boundary value of the group delay range corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω; m 1ω This represents the maximum boundary value of the group delay domain corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω; (k 0ω k 1ω ) represents the group delay dispersion range corresponding to the incident angular frequency, where k 0ω k represents the minimum boundary value of the group delay dispersion domain corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω; 1ω This represents the maximum boundary value of the group delay dispersion domain corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω; (GD(ω)-(m 0ω m1ω )) is used to represent the group delay GD(ω) of the current round and the group delay range (m 0ω m 1ω The difference can indicate whether the current group delay GD(ω) is within the group delay range (m). 0ω m 1ω In ) GDD(ω)-(k 0ω k 1ω ) is used to represent the group delay dispersion GDD(ω) of the current round and the group delay dispersion range (k). 0ω k 1ω The difference can indicate whether the group delay dispersion GDD(ω) in this round is located within the group delay dispersion range (k). 0ω k 1ω In; among them, the first item The second term represents the weight of the sum of differences between the current-round group delay and the group delay range corresponding to different incident angular frequencies on the higher-order dispersion evaluation function; correspondingly, the second term... This represents the weight of the sum of differences between the current-round group delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range corresponding to different incident angular frequencies on the higher-order dispersion evaluation function. By minimizing the above higher-order dispersion evaluation function, the first optimization of the current-round variable parameters can be achieved, and the target variable parameters can be obtained.

[0093] Optionally, before step 104 "determine the optimized target variable parameters" above, the method may also include step B.

[0094] Step B: Perform a second optimization of the variable parameters in this round by minimizing the aberration evaluation function, which is used to evaluate the imaging quality of the optical system.

[0095] In this embodiment of the invention, an aberration evaluation function can be additionally set on top of the higher-order dispersion evaluation function. As the name suggests, the aberration evaluation function is used to measure whether the designed optical system meets the imaging requirements, for example, whether the aberrations produced by the optical system are within a reasonable standard. Furthermore, the aberration evaluation function can also be optimized by minimization, that is, by minimizing the aberration evaluation function, a second optimization is performed on the variable parameters in this round, so that the imaging quality of the designed optical system is guaranteed.

[0096] Specifically, step 104 above, "determining the optimized target variable parameters", may include the following step B1.

[0097] Step B1: Use the variable parameters of this round after the first and second optimizations as the optimized target variable parameters; the target variable parameters also satisfy: the aberration evaluation function is less than the preset value.

[0098] In this embodiment of the invention, the variable parameters obtained after the first optimization and the second optimization can be used as target variable parameters. For example, the first optimization and the second optimization can be performed simultaneously on the variable parameters of this round, determining whether the group delay and the chromatic dispersion of the current round corresponding to the variable parameters meet the expected targets. For example, it can be determined whether the group delay of the current round is within a preset group delay value range and has the smallest difference with the first adjacent value, and whether the chromatic dispersion of the current round is within a preset group delay dispersion value range and has the smallest difference with the second adjacent value. In addition, it is also necessary to determine whether the value of the aberration evaluation function is less than a preset value, which is a pre-set maximum aberration value of the optical system, used as the imaging standard of the optical system. If the value of the aberration evaluation function corresponding to the variable parameters of this round is less than the preset value, and both the group delay and the chromatic dispersion of the current round corresponding to the variable parameters meet the expected targets, then the variable parameters of this round are determined as target variable parameters.

[0099] This invention adds an aberration evaluation function to the higher-order dispersion evaluation function. While constraining the dispersion of the higher-order terms, it also constrains the aberrations and imaging quality of the optical system, so that the imaging standard of the designed optical system meets the design requirements and both aberrations and higher-order dispersion can be corrected.

[0100] Optionally, step B1 above, "taking the variable parameters of this round after the first and second optimizations as the optimized target variable parameters", may include the following steps B11-B12.

[0101] Step B11: Perform the first and second optimizations on the variable parameters for this round based on the overall evaluation function. The overall evaluation function satisfies: MFN = MF 2 +GF; where MFN represents the overall evaluation function; MF 2 GF represents the aberration evaluation function; GF represents the higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0102] Step B12: Take the variable parameter corresponding to the minimum value of the overall evaluation function in this round as the target variable parameter.

[0103] This invention embodiment combines the higher-order dispersion evaluation function GF and the aberration evaluation function MF. 2 By combining and integrating these two components, we obtain the overall evaluation function MFN, which consists of two parts. By minimizing the overall evaluation function MFN, we simultaneously achieve the desired aberration evaluation function MF. 2The goal is to minimize both the first and second optimizations of the variable parameters in this round, and to use the variable parameters in this round corresponding to the minimum value of the overall evaluation function MFN as the target variable parameters. For example, the variable parameters in this round corresponding to the minimum value of the overall evaluation function MFN are used as the optimized target variable parameters. The preset evaluation value represents the evaluation standard set for the optical system to be designed.

[0104] Optionally, the aberration evaluation function satisfies:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, MF 2 This represents the aberration evaluation function. Specifically, optical design software (such as Zemax) provides hundreds of optimization design operators, each representing the optical characteristics, aberrations, constraints, and objectives required for the optical system design. In the mathematical expression of the aberration evaluation function mentioned above, ∑ k W k (V k -T k ) 2 ∑ represents the square of the weighted evaluation terms by the positive weight operator. l W l (V l -T l ) 2 The negative weight operator represents the square of the weighted evaluation terms; ∑ k W k This represents the total weight. Where V... k T represents the actual value of the aberration corresponding to the k-th operator; k W represents the target value of the aberration corresponding to the k-th operator; k Represents the weight factor for the k-th operator; (V l -T l ) 2 Denotes a Lagrange multiplier, and when W k When <0, W is automatically set. k =-1, and W k (V k -T k ) 2 Use (V) l -T l ) 2 In other words, it means that the k-th operator will be treated as a Lagrange multiplier; W l This represents the weight factor for the l-th operator.

[0107] The embodiments of the present invention are based on the above-mentioned aberration evaluation function MF2 The mathematical expression can be used to calculate the current result of the second optimization corresponding to the variable parameter in this round. The result is then compared with the preset evaluation value (within the preset evaluation criteria for evaluating aberrations) to determine whether the variable parameter in this round can be used as the target variable parameter.

[0108] Optionally, step 102 above, "substituting the variable parameters of this round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency", may include the following steps C1-C2.

[0109] Step C1: Determine the phase distribution of the superlens at the incident angular frequency; the phase distribution is expressed using the phase distribution formula used in actual optical design.

[0110] The phase distribution of the superlens at the incident angular frequency can be expressed using the phase distribution formula adopted in actual optical design. Specifically, the phase distribution formula adopted in actual optical design can include at least one of the following six phase distribution formulas:

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] Where ω represents the incident angular frequency; c represents the speed of light; r represents the distance from any point on the surface of the superlens to the center of the superlens; x and y are the position coordinates of any point on the surface of the superlens; i and j represent the number of polynomial terms; and a i b i a ij and b ij Each represents the phase coefficient of its respective order.

[0118] Step C2: Determine the phase distribution of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency based on the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens at the incident angular frequency, and obtain the relationship between the phase and any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0119] In this embodiment of the invention, the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency can be indirectly obtained by replacing the independent variable incident angular frequency in the phase distribution formula used in at least one actual optical design with the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency. This allows for the description of the relationship between the position and phase of the superlens surface in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0120] Optionally, the phase distribution of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency must satisfy at least one of the following formulas:

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Where ω represents the incident angular frequency; ω±Δω represents the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; c represents the speed of light; r represents the distance from any point on the surface of the superlens to the center of the superlens; x and y are the position coordinates of any point on the surface of the superlens; i and j represent the number of polynomial terms; and a i b i a ij and b ij Each represents the phase coefficient of its respective order; This represents the initial phase (a type of bias). Based on the phase distribution formula for the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency mentioned above, it can be seen that the incident angular frequency ω is the angular frequency corresponding to a certain preset incident light, and the angular frequency interval (ω-Δω, ω+Δω) containing the incident angular frequency ω can be called the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0128] This invention provides an embodiment of the invention that substitutes the variable parameters of the current cycle (such as the phase coefficients of each order in the current cycle) into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to obtain the relationship between the phase and the superlens surface at any position at the incident angular frequency. Then, by determining the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency is used to replace the incident angular frequency in the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design, thereby obtaining the relationship between the phase and the superlens surface at any position within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0129] Optionally, step 103 above, "determining the current round secondary group delay and the current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency", may include the following steps D1-D3.

[0130] Step D1: Perform polynomial fitting on the relationship between the incident angular frequency and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency to determine the analytical expression satisfied by the incident angular frequency and the phase.

[0131] Among these, the series of incident angular frequencies ω and phases determined in step 102 above, which define the "relationship between the incident angular frequency and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens at any location within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency", can be used. By performing polynomial fitting on the corresponding points, the incident angular frequency ω and phase can be obtained. The approximate analytical expression is used as the incident angular frequency ω and phase. The analytical expression that is satisfied.

[0132] Alternatively, the analytical expression can be: in, The phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω i represents the number of terms in the polynomial, and i ≥ 2; q i represents the coefficients of each polynomial, and b represents the bias constant.

[0133] Step D2: Calculate the first-order partial derivative of the phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency according to the analytical expression, and use the result of the first-order partial derivative as the current round group delay corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0134] It can be understood that by considering the above incident angular frequency ω and phase... Taking the partial derivative (first-order partial derivative) of the satisfied analytical expression yields the group delay corresponding to the incident angular frequency. This group delay is then used as the group delay for the current round corresponding to the incident angular frequency, determined based on the variable parameters of this round. Specifically, GD(ω) can be used to represent the group delay for the current round corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω, and...

[0135] Step D3: Calculate the second-order partial derivative of the phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency according to the analytical expression, and use the result of the second-order partial derivative as the current round secondary group time delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0136] Furthermore, by considering the above-mentioned incident angular frequency ω and phase... Taking the partial derivative (second-order partial derivative) of the satisfied analytical expression yields the group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency. This group delay dispersion is then used as the group delay dispersion for the current round corresponding to the incident angular frequency, determined based on the variable parameters of the current round. Specifically, GDD(ω) can be used to represent the group delay dispersion for the current round corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω, and...

[0137] Alternatively, step 103 above, "determining the current round secondary group delay and the current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency", may include the following steps D4-D5.

[0138] Step D4: Based on the relationship between the phase and the position of the superlens surface at any location in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, calculate the slope between the phases corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency, and use the slope between the phases as the current round group delay corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0139] In this embodiment of the invention, other methods can also be used to calculate the group delay of the current round corresponding to the incident angular frequency determined by the variable parameters of the current round. Specifically, since a series of incident angular frequencies ω and phases have been obtained based on the "relationship between the incident angular frequency and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency" determined in step 102 above, a series of incident angular frequencies ω and phases have been obtained. Therefore, for any incident angular frequency ω, we can obtain the phases corresponding to the two adjacent angular frequencies (ω-Δω) and (ω+Δω). and By taking the phase difference between the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency ω (i.e., calculating the slope between the two phases), the group delay GD(ω) corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω of the current round can be obtained, that is:

[0140] Step D5: Calculate the current round secondary group delay corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency. Perform differential calculation on the current round secondary group delay corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency, and use the result of the differential calculation as the current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0141] In this embodiment of the invention, other methods can also be used to calculate the group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency of the current round, as determined by the variable parameters of the current round. Specifically, based on step D4 above, the group delays GD(ω-Δω) and GD(ω+Δω) corresponding to the two angular frequencies (ω-Δω) and (ω+Δω) adjacent to the incident angular frequency ω can be calculated. By taking the difference between the group delays GD(ω-Δω) and GD(ω+Δω) of the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency ω (i.e., calculating the slope between the two group delays), the group delay dispersion GDD(ω) corresponding to the incident angular frequency ω of the current round can be obtained, that is:

[0142] The application of this application in the infrared band will be illustrated below with reference to Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0143] Example 1:

[0144] The optical system designed in this embodiment 1 is a hybrid system of a refractive lens and a superlens. The design specifications for this embodiment 1 include: operating wavelength of 8-14 μm, entrance pupil diameter of 6.787 mm, F-number of 1.0, effective focal length of 6.787 mm, and total system length of 9 mm. This optical system consists of three lenses: the first lens is a spherical lens, the second lens is a superlens, and the third lens is an aspherical lens. The focal length of the superlens is 58 mm. The selected nanostructures include rings and cylinders, with a height of 10 μm.

[0145] The ranges of the preset group delay range and group delay dispersion range of the optical system can be found in the following references: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 The curve positioned higher in the middle represents the upper limit (i.e., the maximum boundary value) of the current round's secondary group delay corresponding to different incident angle frequencies. Figure 2 The curves positioned lower in the middle represent the lower limit (i.e., minimum boundary value) of the current round subgroup delay corresponding to different incident angle frequencies; Figure 3 The curve positioned higher in the middle represents the upper limit (i.e., the maximum boundary value) of the time delay dispersion of the secondary group in this round corresponding to different incident angle frequencies. Figure 3 The curve positioned lower in the middle represents the lower limit (i.e., the minimum boundary value) of the time delay dispersion of the current round secondary group corresponding to different incident angle frequencies.

[0146] Based on the aforementioned optical system design optimization method, the constraints related to group delay and group delay dispersion in the optical system to be designed are set as a higher-order dispersion evaluation function GF and an aberration evaluation function MF. 2 Together, they constitute the overall evaluation function MFN. By optimizing the overall evaluation function MFN, the following can be obtained: Figure 4 The optical system shown. See also Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the group time delay at different incident angular frequencies corresponding to different positions of the superlens in this optical system. Figure 5 Different straight lines are used to represent different positions on the superlens; see also Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This illustrates the group time delay dispersion at different positions of the superlens in the optical system corresponding to different incident angular frequencies. Figure 6 Different straight lines are used to represent different positions on the superlens.

[0147] See Figures 7 to 14 As shown, Figures 7 to 14 The attached figures, positioned near the top, all illustrate the point spread function of a certain wavelength after passing through the optical system at a certain field of view. Figures 7 to 14 The lower-positioned figures all show cross-sectional views of the point spread function of a specific wavelength after passing through the optical system at a certain field of view. Specifically, Figure 7 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 8 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 8 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees are shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 10 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 10 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees are shown. Figure 11 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 12 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 12 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees are shown. Figure 13 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 14 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 14 A schematic diagram and cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system with an incident wavelength of 14 μm and a field of view of 30 degrees are shown. It can be seen that the point spread function does not change significantly for different wavelengths at different incident angles.

[0148] See Figures 15 to 22 As shown, Figures 15 to 22 All show the diffusion spots on the image plane at a certain wavelength and a certain field of view; specifically, Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 8μm and a normal incidence angle is shown. Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system is shown when the wavelength is 8μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 10 μm and a normal incidence angle is shown. Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system is shown when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 12 μm and a normal incidence angle is shown. Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system is shown when the wavelength is 12 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 21 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system with a wavelength of 14 μm and a normal incidence angle is shown. Figure 22 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through this optical system is shown when the incident light has a wavelength of 14 μm and a field of view of 30 degrees. Based on Figure 15 , Figure 17 , Figure 19 and Figure 21 It can be seen that when the field of view is normal incidence, all the diffuse spots presented on the image plane by this optical system are within the diffraction limit; based on Figure 16 , Figure 18 , Figure 20 and Figure 22 It can be seen that when the field of view is 30 degrees, 90% of the energy in the diffuse spot presented on the image plane by the optical system is within the diffraction limit.

[0149] In addition, see also Figure 23 As shown, Figure 23 This illustrates the focus shift (i.e., focal length change) of different wavelengths through this optical system. Figure 23 It can be seen that the maximum focus shift of this optical system is within 6μm, meaning that the axial chromatic aberration of this optical system is not obvious.

[0150] Therefore, it can be determined that the optical system designed based on the optical system design optimization method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can correct aberrations and higher-order dispersion, make the dispersion spot close to the diffraction limit, and further improve the imaging quality of the system.

[0151] To further demonstrate that the optical system ultimately designed and generated based on the optical system design optimization method provided in this invention is an optical system capable of effectively correcting higher-order dispersion and aberrations, this invention, in addition to Embodiment 1, also provides a conventionally configured hybrid system of a refractive lens and a superlens, namely Comparative Example 1. To maintain the uniqueness of variables, the design parameters of Comparative Example 1 are consistent with those of Embodiment 1, except that a traditional evaluation function is used for optimization. That is, the higher-order dispersion evaluation function GF provided in this invention is not added when generating Comparative Example 1. In other words, the group delay and dispersion of each round of incident angular frequency are not restricted during the optimization process of Comparative Example 1. The specific structure of Comparative Example 1 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 24 As shown.

[0152] See Figures 25 to 32 As shown, Figures 25 to 32 The attached figures, positioned near the top, all illustrate the point spread function of a certain wavelength after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 at a certain field of view. Figures 25 to 32 The lower-positioned figures all show cross-sectional views of the point spread function of a specific wavelength after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 at a certain field of view. Specifically, Figure 25 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 with a wavelength of 8 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 26 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 when the wavelength is 8 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 27A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 with a wavelength of 10 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 28 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 when the wavelength is 10 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 29 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 with a wavelength of 12 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 30 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 when the wavelength is 12μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 31 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 with a wavelength of 14 μm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 32 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 when the wavelength is 14 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees are shown.

[0153] As can be seen, in the process of optimizing the design of Comparative Example 1, if the time delay and dispersion of the current group corresponding to the incident angular frequency of each round are not limited, the optical system of Comparative Example 1 can still have good focusing ability, but there will be side lobes at the edges of different wavelengths. These side lobes are caused by the higher-order dispersion of the superlens. In other words, Comparative Example 1 cannot correct the higher-order dispersion of the optical system.

[0154] See Figure 33 and Figure 34 As shown, Figure 33 A schematic diagram of the diffuse spot after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 with a wavelength of 8-14 μm and a normal incidence angle is shown. Figure 34 A schematic diagram of the blur pattern after passing through the optical system of Comparative Example 1 is shown, when the wavelength is 8-14 μm and the field of view is 30 degrees. Figure 33 and Figure 34 As can be seen, the optical system in Comparative Example 1 also exhibits axial and transverse chromatic aberration in the blur spot. Therefore, the optical system finally generated by the optical system design optimization method provided in this embodiment of the invention (as in Example 1) has a stronger ability to display high-frequency information of the imaged object.

[0155] See Figure 35 As shown, Figure 35 The diagram illustrates the focus shift (i.e., focal length change) of different wavelengths through the optical system of Comparative Example 1. (By...) Figure 35 It can be seen that the maximum focus shift is greater than 13μm, proving that the optical system of Comparative Example 1 exhibits dispersion.

[0156] In summary, it is evident from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 that by introducing a higher-order dispersion evaluation function in the actual optical design optimization, and by optimizing the current-round group delay and dispersion corresponding to different incident angular frequencies in each round, the higher-order dispersion of the final optical system (such as Example 1) can be significantly corrected, enabling the convergent spot of the broadband operating wavelength (such as the diffuse spot displayed on the image plane by the optical system of Example 1) to reach the diffraction limit. Conversely, without introducing a higher-order dispersion evaluation function and without optimizing the current-round group delay and dispersion corresponding to different incident angular frequencies in each round, the optical system obtained (such as Comparative Example 1) may display a diffuse spot on the image plane that is close to the diffraction limit. However, due to the presence of higher-order dispersion, the dispersion focus shift of the optical system in Comparative Example 1 is relatively significant, which will affect the display clarity of high-frequency signals.

[0157] The application of this application in the visible light band will be illustrated by Example 2 below.

[0158] The optical system designed in Example 2 is a hybrid system of a refractive lens and a superlens. The design specifications for Example 2 include: operating wavelength of 400nm-700nm, entrance pupil diameter of 1.15mm, F-number of 2.9, effective focal length of 3.33mm, and total system length of 4.8mm. This optical system consists of five lenses: the first, third, and fourth lenses are spherical lenses; the second lens is a superlens; and the fifth lens is an aspherical lens. The superlens has a focal length of 28mm. The selected nanostructures include rings and cylinders, with a height of 700nm.

[0159] The ranges of the preset group delay range and group delay dispersion range of the optical system can be found in the following references: Figure 36 and Figure 37 As shown, Figure 36 The curve positioned higher in the middle represents the upper limit (i.e., the maximum boundary value) of the current round's secondary group delay corresponding to different incident angle frequencies. Figure 36 The curves positioned lower in the middle represent the lower limit (i.e., minimum boundary value) of the current round subgroup delay corresponding to different incident angle frequencies; Figure 37 The curve positioned higher in the middle represents the upper limit (i.e., the maximum boundary value) of the time delay dispersion of the secondary group in this round corresponding to different incident angle frequencies. Figure 37 The curve positioned lower in the middle represents the lower limit (i.e., the minimum boundary value) of the time delay dispersion of the current round secondary group corresponding to different incident angle frequencies.

[0160] Based on the aforementioned optical system design optimization method, the constraints related to group delay and group delay dispersion in the optical system to be designed are set as a higher-order dispersion evaluation function GF and an aberration evaluation function MF. 2Together, they constitute the overall evaluation function MFN. By optimizing the overall evaluation function MFN, the following can be obtained: Figure 38 The optical system shown. See also Figure 39 As shown, Figure 39 The diagram illustrates the group time delay at different incident angular frequencies corresponding to different positions of the superlens in this optical system. Figure 39 Different straight lines are used to represent different positions on the superlens; see also Figure 40 As shown, Figure 40 This illustrates the group time delay dispersion at different positions of the superlens in the optical system corresponding to different incident angular frequencies. Figure 40 Different straight lines are used to represent different positions on the superlens.

[0161] See Figures 41 to 46 As shown, Figures 41 to 46 The attached figures, positioned near the top, all illustrate the point spread function of a certain wavelength after passing through the optical system at a certain field of view. Figures 41 to 46 The lower-positioned figures all show cross-sectional views of the point spread function of a specific wavelength after passing through the optical system at a certain field of view. Specifically, Figure 41 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system at a wavelength of 486 nm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 42 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 486nm and the field of view is 30 degrees are shown. Figure 43 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system at a wavelength of 587 nm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 44 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system when the wavelength is 587nm and the field of view is 30 degrees are shown. Figure 45 A schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system at a wavelength of 656 nm and a normal incidence angle are shown. Figure 46 A schematic diagram and cross-sectional view of the point spread function after passing through the optical system with an incident wavelength of 656 nm and a field of view of 30 degrees are shown. It can be seen that the point spread function does not change significantly for different wavelengths at different incident angles.

[0162] See Figure 47 As shown, Figure 47 A dot diagram of the optical system of this embodiment 2 is shown; based on Figure 47 As can be seen, the optical system designed based on the optical system design optimization method provided in the embodiments of the present invention has a dot plot that is almost within the diffraction limit, that is, the higher-order chromatic aberration of the system is well corrected.

[0163] The optical system design optimization method provided by the embodiments of the present invention has been described in detail above. This method can also be implemented by a corresponding device. The optical design optimization device provided by the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0164] Figure 48 A schematic diagram of an optical design optimization device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 48 As shown, the optical design optimization device includes: a determination module 1, a substitution module 2, a calculation module 3, and an optimization module 4.

[0165] The determination module 1 is used to determine the variable parameters for this round, which include at least the phase coefficients of each order.

[0166] The substitution module 2 is used to substitute the variable parameters of this round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the position of the superlens surface at any position in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; the neighborhood represents the angular frequency range including the incident angular frequency.

[0167] The calculation module 3 is used to determine the current round secondary group delay and the current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency based on the relationship between the phase and the position of the superlens surface at any position in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0168] The optimization module 4 is used to perform a first optimization on the variable parameters of the current round by constraining the magnitude of the current round group delay value and the magnitude of the current round group delay dispersion value, to determine the optimized target variable parameters, and to generate an optical system based on the target variable parameters.

[0169] Optionally, optimization module 4 includes: a first optimization submodule.

[0170] The first optimization submodule is used to cyclically perform numerical constraint operations on the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion until the constrained current round subgroup delay belongs to the preset group delay value range and the difference between it and the first adjacent value is minimized. In addition, the constrained current round subgroup delay dispersion belongs to the preset group delay dispersion value range and the difference between it and the second adjacent value is minimized. The first adjacent value represents the discrete point value in the group delay value range that has the smallest group delay difference with the target variable parameter. The second adjacent value represents the discrete point value in the group delay dispersion value range that has the smallest group delay dispersion difference with the target variable parameter.

[0171] Optionally, the first optimization submodule includes: a substitution unit, a first judgment unit, a second judgment unit, and a constraint unit.

[0172] The substitution unit is used to substitute the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion into a preset higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0173] The first judgment unit is used to determine whether the current round subgroup delay belongs to the preset group delay value range; if so, the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the first adjacent value is used as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay value range; otherwise, the minimum difference between the current round subgroup delay and the boundary value of the group delay value range is used as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay value range.

[0174] The second judgment unit is used to determine whether the current round subgroup delay dispersion belongs to the preset group delay dispersion value range; if so, the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the second adjacent value is used as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay dispersion value range; otherwise, the minimum difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the boundary value of the group delay dispersion value range is used as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay dispersion value range.

[0175] The constraint unit is used to numerically constrain the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion in a manner that minimizes the higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0176] Optionally, the device further includes a second optimization submodule.

[0177] The second optimization submodule is used to perform a second optimization on the variable parameters of the current round by minimizing the aberration evaluation function, which is used to evaluate the imaging quality of the optical system.

[0178] Optimization module 4 includes: a submodule for determining the target variable parameters.

[0179] The target variable parameter determination submodule is used to take the variable parameters of this round after the first optimization and the second optimization as the optimized target variable parameters; the target variable parameters also satisfy that the aberration evaluation function is less than a preset value.

[0180] Optionally, the target variable parameter submodule is determined, including: an overall evaluation function unit and a target variable parameter generation unit.

[0181] The overall evaluation function unit is used to perform the first optimization and the second optimization on the variable parameters of the current round based on the overall evaluation function, wherein the overall evaluation function satisfies: MFN = MF 2 +GF; where MFN represents the overall evaluation function; MF 2 GF represents the aberration evaluation function; GF represents the higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

[0182] The target variable parameter generation unit is used to take the variable parameter corresponding to the minimum value of the overall evaluation function in this round as the target variable parameter.

[0183] Optionally, module 2 can be substituted, including: an initial phase distribution submodule and an advanced phase distribution submodule.

[0184] The initial phase distribution submodule is used to determine the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens at the incident angular frequency; the phase distribution is expressed using the phase distribution formula used in actual optical design.

[0185] The advanced phase distribution submodule is used to determine the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency based on the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens at the incident angular frequency, and to obtain the relationship between the phase and any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency.

[0186] Optionally, the calculation module 3 includes: a fitting submodule, a first group time delay submodule, and a first group time delay dispersion submodule.

[0187] The fitting submodule is used to perform polynomial fitting on the relationship between the incident angular frequency and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, and to determine the analytical expression satisfied by the incident angular frequency and the phase.

[0188] The first group delay submodule is used to calculate the first-order partial derivative of the phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency according to the analytical expression, and use the result of the first-order partial derivative as the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0189] The first group time delay dispersion submodule is used to calculate the second-order partial derivative of the phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency according to the analytical expression, and to use the result of the second-order partial derivative as the current round subgroup time delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0190] Optionally, the calculation module 3 includes: a second group delay submodule and a second group delay dispersion submodule.

[0191] The second group delay submodule is used to calculate the slope between the phases corresponding to two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency based on the relationship between the phase and the position of the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, and to use the slope between the phases as the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0192] The second group delay dispersion submodule is used to calculate the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency, perform differential calculation on the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency, and use the result of the differential calculation as the current round subgroup delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

[0193] The apparatus provided in this invention can directly utilize the phase distribution formula used in actual optical design. By constraining the numerical magnitudes of the current-round variable parameters (such as the phase coefficients of each order) corresponding to the current-round group delay and the current-round group delay dispersion, a first optimization of the current-round variable parameters is performed until the optimized target variable parameters are obtained. An optical system capable of correcting higher-order dispersion is then generated according to the optimized target variable parameters. This apparatus can be combined with traditional optical design, further constraining the higher-order terms of the phase expansion to achieve further correction of higher-order dispersion in the optical system, thereby further improving the system's imaging capability.

[0194] It should be noted that the optical design optimization device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules when implementing the corresponding functions. In practical applications, the optical design optimization device can include a processor as needed. The processor includes a determination module 1, a substitution module 2, a calculation module 3, and an optimization module 4 to complete all or part of the functions described above. Alternatively, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the optical design optimization device provided in the above embodiments and the optical system design optimization method embodiments belong to the same concept. For details of its specific implementation process, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0195] According to one aspect of this application, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product comprising a computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication component. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the optical system design optimization method provided in embodiments of this application is performed.

[0196] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, including a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The transceiver, the memory, and the processor are connected via the bus. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described optical system design optimization method embodiments and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0197] For details, see Figure 49 As shown, the electronic device includes a bus 1110, a processor 1120, a transceiver 1130, a bus interface 1140, a memory 1150, and a user interface 1160.

[0198] In this embodiment of the invention, the electronic device further includes a computer program stored in a memory 1150 and executable on a processor 1120, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor 1120, implements the various processes of the above-described optical system design optimization method embodiment.

[0199] Transceiver 1130 is used to receive and send data under the control of processor 1120.

[0200] In this embodiment of the invention, a bus architecture (represented by bus 1110) is used. Bus 1110 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges. Bus 1110 connects various circuits, including one or more processors represented by processor 1120 and memory represented by memory 1150.

[0201] Processor 1120 can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. Processors include: general-purpose processors, central processing units, digital signal processors, etc.

[0202] The memory 1150 in this embodiment of the invention may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0203] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described optical system design optimization method embodiment and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0204] The above description is merely a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the design of an optical system, characterized in that, include: Determine the variable parameters for this round, which include at least the phase coefficients of each order; Substitute the variable parameters of this round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the position on the superlens surface at any position within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; the neighborhood represents the angular frequency range including the incident angular frequency. Based on the relationship between the phase and the current phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, the current round secondary group delay and the current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency are determined. The current round subgroup delay and current round subgroup delay dispersion are substituted into a preset higher-order dispersion evaluation function to minimize the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and numerically constrain the current round subgroup delay and current round subgroup delay dispersion. Then, the current round subgroup variable parameters are optimized in the first stage to determine the optimized target variable parameters. An optical system is generated based on the target variable parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of substituting the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion into a preset higher-order dispersion evaluation function to minimize the higher-order dispersion evaluation function, thereby numerically constraining the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion, and then performing a first optimization of the current round subgroup variable parameters, includes: Numerical constraint operations are performed iteratively on the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion until the constrained current round subgroup delay belongs to a preset group delay value range and the difference between it and the first adjacent value is minimized, and the constrained current round subgroup delay dispersion belongs to a preset group delay dispersion value range and the difference between it and the second adjacent value is minimized; the first adjacent value represents the discrete point value in the group delay value range that has the smallest group delay difference with the target variable parameter; the second adjacent value represents the discrete point value in the group delay dispersion value range that has the smallest group delay dispersion difference with the target variable parameter.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The numerical constraint operation includes: Substitute the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion into a preset higher-order dispersion evaluation function; Determine whether the current round subgroup delay belongs to the preset group delay value range; if so, take the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the first adjacent value as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay value range; otherwise, take the minimum difference between the current round subgroup delay and the boundary value of the group delay value range as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay value range. Determine whether the current round subgroup delay dispersion belongs to the preset group delay dispersion value range; if so, take the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the second adjacent value as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay dispersion value range; otherwise, take the minimum difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the boundary value of the group delay dispersion value range as the difference between the higher-order dispersion evaluation function and the group delay dispersion value range. Numerical constraints are applied to the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion by minimizing the higher-order dispersion evaluation function.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The higher-order dispersion evaluation function includes weighted processing of the first term and the second term. The first term is used to represent the difference between the current round subgroup delay and the group delay range, and the second term is used to represent the difference between the current round subgroup delay dispersion and the group delay dispersion range.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the optimized target variable parameters, the method further includes: performing a second optimization on the variable parameters of this round by minimizing the aberration evaluation function, wherein the aberration evaluation function is used to evaluate the imaging quality of the optical system; The determination of the optimized target variable parameters includes: The variable parameters of this round after the first optimization and the second optimization are used as the optimized target variable parameters; the target variable parameters also satisfy that the aberration evaluation function is less than a preset value.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of using the variable parameters of this round after the first optimization and the second optimization as the optimized target variable parameters includes: Based on the overall evaluation function, the first and second optimizations are performed on the variable parameters of this round. The overall evaluation function satisfies: ; in, This represents the overall evaluation function; This represents the aberration evaluation function; Represents a higher-order dispersion evaluation function; The variable parameter corresponding to the minimum value of the overall evaluation function in this round is taken as the target variable parameter.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of substituting the variable parameters of this round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the actual phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency includes: Determine the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens at the incident angular frequency; the phase distribution is expressed using the phase distribution formula used in actual optical design; Based on the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens at the incident angular frequency, the phase distribution satisfied by the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency is determined, and the relationship between the phase and any position on the surface of the superlens in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency is obtained.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the current round secondary group delay and current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency includes: Polynomial fitting is performed on the relationship between the incident angular frequency and the phase at any position on the surface of the superlens within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency to determine the analytical expression satisfied by the incident angular frequency and the phase. Calculate the current round group delay corresponding to the incident angle frequency based on the analytical expression for the phase corresponding to the incident angle frequency; The current-round group time delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency is calculated based on the analytical expression for the phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The analytical expression satisfies: ; in, This indicates the phase corresponding to the incident angular frequency; Denotes the number of terms in a polynomial, and ; denoted by , and b represents the polynomial coefficients of each term.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the current round secondary group delay and current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency includes: Based on the relationship between the phase and the superlens surface at any position in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency, the slope between the phases corresponding to two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency is calculated, and the slope between the phases is used as the current round group delay corresponding to the incident angular frequency. Calculate the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency, perform differential calculation on the current round subgroup delay corresponding to the two angular frequencies adjacent to the incident angular frequency, and use the result of the differential calculation as the current round subgroup delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency.

11. An optical system design optimization device, characterized in that, include: The module consists of a determination module, a substitution module, a calculation module, and an optimization module. The determining module is used to determine the variable parameters for this round, and the variable parameters for this round include at least: the phase coefficients of each order; The substitution module is used to substitute the variable parameters of this round into the phase distribution formula used in the actual optical design to determine the relationship between the phase and the position on the superlens surface at any position within the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency; the neighborhood represents the angular frequency range including the incident angular frequency. The calculation module is used to determine the current round secondary group delay and the current round secondary group delay dispersion corresponding to the incident angular frequency based on the relationship between the phase and the position of the superlens surface at any position in the neighborhood of the incident angular frequency. The optimization module is used to substitute the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion into a preset higher-order dispersion evaluation function, and to impose numerical constraints on the current round subgroup delay and the current round subgroup delay dispersion by minimizing the higher-order dispersion evaluation function, thereby performing a first optimization on the current round subvariable parameters, determining the optimized target variable parameters, and generating an optical system based on the target variable parameters.

12. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to implement the steps in the optical system design optimization method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the optical system design optimization method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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