Fuel cell low temperature start-up control, apparatus, device, and storage medium
By establishing a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model and PID control, the optimal heating power and current were determined, solving the problems of start-up time and energy consumption during the low-temperature start-up of fuel cells, and realizing fast and low-energy low-temperature start-up control.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FAW JIEFANG AUTOMOTIVE CO
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the heating power of auxiliary heating devices is not effectively considered during the low-temperature start-up process of fuel cells, resulting in inaccurate prediction of low-temperature start-up performance, making it impossible to achieve real-time optimization and adjustment, and affecting start-up time and energy consumption.
By establishing a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, the optimal PTC heating power and stack loading current are determined, and the stack output parameters are collected in real time. PID control is used to adjust the heating power and current to achieve real-time optimized control of the fuel cell system.
It achieves faster start-up time and lower total start-up energy consumption during the low-temperature start-up process of fuel cells, ensuring the safety and reliability of the fuel cell stack.
Smart Images
Figure CN117293357B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control, device, equipment and storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells, as a high-efficiency power generation device, use hydrogen as the primary energy carrier, with only electricity and pure water as byproducts. They boast an energy conversion efficiency of 50%–70% and offer advantages such as zero pollution and high energy density in hydrogen storage systems. Currently, they are widely used in new energy vehicles in the transportation sector. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, as one form of power system for new energy vehicles, have promising application prospects.
[0003] In commercial vehicles such as heavy trucks, buses, and coaches, fuel cell vehicles offer longer driving ranges and more fixed driving scenarios compared to pure electric vehicles, making them easier to promote and apply at this stage. However, compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, fuel cell vehicles still face significant challenges in adapting to low-temperature environments. Water generated during low-temperature operation of fuel cells can easily freeze, hindering gas transport and preventing reactant gases from reaching the catalytic reaction interface in a timely manner. This can lead to cold-start failure of the fuel cell and even damage to the internal structure of the membrane electrode assembly, severely impacting its lifespan.
[0004] As fuel cell stack power increases, auxiliary heating devices can be used to reduce the risk of water freezing during low-temperature operation. Current technologies only simulate the low-temperature start-up process based on fuel cell stack parameters and operating conditions to analyze low-temperature start-up performance, obtaining the distribution and time-varying characteristics of internal temperature, circuit density, and icing state, thus predicting low-temperature start-up performance. However, the heating power of the auxiliary heating device is not considered in this prediction. Therefore, comprehensive analysis and guidance are not provided for stack design and control method design. Furthermore, the use of pre-calibrated low-temperature start-up strategies for fuel cell systems means that the actual low-temperature start-up process does not support real-time optimization and adjustment, and real-time optimal control of start-up time and energy consumption cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control, device, equipment, and storage medium to determine the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current through a fuel cell cryogenic start-up model. At the same time, the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current are used for real-time optimization control of the actual fuel cell system, which can ensure a faster cryogenic start-up time and a lower total start-up energy consumption during the actual start-up process of the fuel cell.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method, the method comprising:
[0007] The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current were determined based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0008] The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current are input into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
[0009] The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current are used as control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start up at low temperature.
[0010] The actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process are collected in real time.
[0011] The optimal fuel cell load current is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack; the optimal PTC heating power is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
[0012] Optionally, the optimal PTC heating power and optimal fuel cell stack loading current are determined based on a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. This includes:
[0013] A low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is established. The input parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, environmental parameters, stack operating conditions, stack physical property parameters, PTC heating power parameters, and stack loading current parameters. The output parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include stack coolant outlet temperature parameters, fuel cell cold start-up time parameters, stack output voltage parameters, and total start-up energy consumption parameters.
[0014] Based on the shortest cold start time parameter and the minimum total start-up energy consumption parameter of the fuel cell, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low temperature start-up performance prediction model to obtain the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current.
[0015] Optionally, a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model can be established, specifically as follows:
[0016] [T cool ,t,V stack W] = f(Params ini Params amb Params cond Params stack Pptc I stack );
[0017] Params ini The initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, Params amb For the environmental parameters, Params cond For the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, Params stack The physical properties of the fuel cell stack, P ptc For the PTC heating power parameters, I stack The parameters for the applied current of the fuel cell stack;
[0018] T cool Here, t is the outlet temperature parameter of the fuel cell stack, t is the cold start time parameter of the fuel cell, and V is the outlet temperature parameter of the fuel cell stack. stack W represents the output voltage parameter of the fuel cell stack, and W represents the total startup energy consumption parameter.
[0019] Based on minimizing the fuel cell cold start time and the total start-up energy consumption, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, specifically as follows:
[0020] [T cool ,t,V stack W] = f(Params ini Params amb Params cond Params stack P ptc I stack );
[0021] min[W, t]
[0022]
[0023] Among them, I min I max These represent the minimum and maximum allowable stack currents during the cryogenic startup process of the fuel cell stack, respectively; P max This indicates the maximum allowable heating power of the auxiliary heating system's PTC.
[0024] Optionally, based on minimizing the fuel cell cold start time parameter and the total start-up energy consumption parameter, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, specifically as follows:
[0025] [T cool ,t,V stack W] = f(Params iniParams amb Params cond Params stack P ptc I stack )
[0026] min W
[0027]
[0028] Among them, t targ This represents the target cold start time parameter for the fuel cell.
[0029] Optionally, the initial parameters of the fuel cell stack include: initial water content of the proton exchange membrane and initial temperature of the stack;
[0030] The environmental parameters include ambient temperature and air velocity around the fuel cell stack.
[0031] The operating conditions of the fuel cell stack include the temperature of the reactant gas, the pressure of the reactant gas, and the excess coefficient of the reactant gas.
[0032] The physical properties of the fuel cell include the kinetic parameters of the proton exchange membrane electrode reaction.
[0033] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device, the device comprising:
[0034] The optimal control parameter determination module is used to determine the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0035] The target parameter determination module is used to input the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the stack output target voltage and the stack coolant target outlet temperature.
[0036] The actual low-temperature start-up module is used to use the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current as the initial control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start at low temperature.
[0037] The data acquisition module is used to acquire the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process of the fuel cell in real time.
[0038] The PID control module is used to adjust the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell loading current based on the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack, and based on the deviation between the actual outlet temperature and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
[0039] Optionally, the optimal control parameter determination module includes:
[0040] The model building unit is used to build a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. The input parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, environmental parameters, stack operating conditions, stack physical property parameters, PTC heating power parameters, and stack loading current parameters. The output parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include stack coolant outlet temperature parameters, fuel cell cold start-up time parameters, stack output voltage parameters, and total start-up energy consumption parameters.
[0041] The optimal control parameter determination unit is used to optimize the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter based on the shortest cold start time parameter and the minimum total start-up energy consumption parameter of the fuel cell, and to obtain the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current according to the low temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0042] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:
[0043] At least one processor; and
[0044] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,
[0045] The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method described in the first aspect.
[0046] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which are used to cause a processor to execute the fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method described in the first aspect.
[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current are determined based on a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. These optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current are then input into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the target output voltage and target outlet temperature of the stack coolant. The optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current are used as control parameters for the actual low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell to enable low-temperature start-up. The actual output voltage and actual outlet temperature of the stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process are collected in real time. The optimal stack loading current is adjusted based on the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage. The optimal PTC heating power is also adjusted based on the deviation between the actual outlet temperature and the target outlet temperature of the stack coolant. This achieves the determination of the optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current through a fuel cell low-temperature start-up model, while simultaneously utilizing these optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current for real-time optimization control of the actual fuel cell system. This ensures a faster low-temperature start-up time and lower total start-up energy consumption during the actual start-up process of the fuel cell. Attached Figure Description
[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0049] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0052] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.
[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where fuel cells are subjected to cryogenic start-up control. This method can be executed by a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps:
[0054] S110. Determine the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0055] In this embodiment, the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is established based on the working mechanism of the fuel cell system itself. The fuel cell system includes an air system, a hydrogen system, a stack, and a hydrothermal management system. The hydrothermal management system includes PTC auxiliary heating. During the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell, the cooling water circulation switches to a small circulation, and the PTC is used to heat a small amount of coolant to achieve uniform temperature rise inside the stack, thus achieving a rapid start-up effect while protecting the components inside the stack from damage. Specifically, in this embodiment, the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model comprehensively considers the influence of PTC auxiliary heating and the working current of the stack itself on the low-temperature start-up process of the fuel cell, and builds a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model for the fuel cell.
[0056] A fuel cell low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, built by comprehensively considering both PTC auxiliary heating factors and the stack's own operating factors, can determine the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current. This ensures a faster low-temperature start-up time and the lowest total start-up energy consumption, as output by the model. It is understood that the specific model for the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is not specifically limited; it can be a network model, a mathematical model, etc.
[0057] S120. Input the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the target output voltage of the stack and the target outlet temperature of the stack coolant.
[0058] By inputting the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, the target output voltage and target outlet temperature of the stack coolant can be determined. The target output voltage and target outlet temperature of the stack coolant are respectively related to the minimum total start-up energy consumption and the faster low-temperature start-up time output by the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0059] S130. Use the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current as the control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start up at low temperature.
[0060] S140: Real-time acquisition of the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process.
[0061] Since the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model differs from the actual low-temperature start-up process of fuel cells, the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current are used as the control parameters for the actual low-temperature start-up of fuel cells to enable the actual low-temperature start-up of fuel cells. During the actual low-temperature start-up process of fuel cells, the actual output voltage of the stack and the actual outlet temperature of the stack coolant can be collected in real time.
[0062] S150: Adjust the optimal fuel cell load current according to the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the fuel cell; adjust the optimal PTC heating power according to the deviation between the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell coolant and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell coolant.
[0063] In the actual low-temperature start-up process, the PID closed-loop control method is used to adjust the optimal stack loading current based on the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack; and the optimal PTC heating power is adjusted based on the deviation between the actual outlet temperature and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant. This avoids the control lag caused by errors in the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model or the difference between the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model and the actual low-temperature start-up process of the fuel cell, ensuring real-time optimized control with better robustness. Ultimately, it ensures that the outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant is the target outlet temperature and the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is the target output voltage during the actual start-up process, thereby ensuring the lowest total start-up energy consumption and the shortest start-up time during the actual start-up process of the fuel cell.
[0064] This embodiment achieves the determination of optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current through a fuel cell low-temperature start-up model. At the same time, it utilizes the optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current to perform real-time optimization control of the actual fuel cell system, which can ultimately ensure a faster low-temperature start-up time and a lower total energy consumption during the actual start-up process of the fuel cell.
[0065] Optionally, based on the above embodiments, the determination of the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current can be further refined. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of another fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:
[0066] S210. Establish a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model; wherein, the input parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include the initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, environmental parameters, stack operating conditions, stack physical property parameters, PTC heating power parameters, and stack loading current parameters; the output parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include the stack coolant outlet temperature parameters, fuel cell cold start-up time parameters, stack output voltage parameters, and total start-up energy consumption parameters.
[0067] The specific low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is as follows:
[0068] [T cool ,t,V stack W] = f(Params ini Params amb Params cond Params stack P ptc I stack );
[0069] Params ini Initial parameters of fuel cell stack, Params amb For environmental parameters, Params cond For fuel cell stack operating conditions, Params stack For fuel cell stack physical properties, P ptc For PTC heating power parameters, I stack The parameters include the current applied to the fuel cell stack; the initial parameters of the fuel cell stack include the initial water content of the proton exchange membrane and the initial temperature of the stack; the environmental parameters include the ambient temperature and the air velocity around the stack; the operating conditions of the stack include the temperature, pressure and excess coefficient of the reactant gas; and the physical properties of the stack include the kinetic parameters of the proton exchange membrane electrode reaction.
[0070] T cool Here, t represents the coolant outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack, t represents the cold start time of the fuel cell, and V represents the... stack is the output voltage parameter of the fuel cell stack, and W is the total energy consumption parameter for startup.
[0071] The model is based on the following premises: (1) the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is the same as the ambient temperature; (2) the ambient temperature remains constant during the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell; (3) the temperature and pressure of the reactant gas are not affected by the pipes and valves in the fuel system; and (4) the initial water content of the proton exchange membrane is a fixed value.
[0072] S220. Based on the shortest cold start time parameter and the minimum total start-up energy consumption parameter of the fuel cell, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low temperature start-up performance prediction model to obtain the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current.
[0073] In some embodiments, based on minimizing the fuel cell cold start time and total start-up energy consumption, the PTC heating power parameters and stack loading current parameters are optimized using a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. Specifically:
[0074] [T cool ,t,V stackW] = f(Params ini Params amb Params cond Params stack P ptc I stack );
[0075] min[W, t]
[0076]
[0077] Among them, I min I max These represent the minimum and maximum allowable stack currents during the cryogenic startup process of the fuel cell stack, respectively; P max This indicates the maximum allowable heating power of the auxiliary heating system's PTC.
[0078] Based on the above multi-objective prediction model and various constraints, the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current can be found.
[0079] In other embodiments, based on minimizing the fuel cell cold start time and total start-up energy consumption, the PTC heating power parameters and stack loading current parameters are optimized using a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. Specifically:
[0080] [T cool ,t,V stack W] = f(Params ini Params amb Params cond Params stack P ptc I stack )
[0081] min W
[0082]
[0083] Among them, t targ This indicates the target cold start time parameter for the fuel cell;
[0084] This embodiment considers the simplicity and computational ease of the model, setting the fuel cell low-temperature start-up time t as a constraint condition, which transforms the above multi-objective model into a single-objective model; the single-objective model has a shorter optimization calculation time; to further ensure the accuracy of model optimization, an offline / online sequential search algorithm is used for optimization. The stack loading current and PTC heating power are discretized respectively:
[0085] I = [I min I0, I1, ..., In I max ]
[0086] P ptc = [0, P0, P1, ..., P n P max ]
[0087] For the loading current I and PTC heating power P ptc The discretized values are arranged and combined to obtain the solution domain X. Assume that the solution domain X contains r sets of parameter pairs, for example X(1)=[I min Based on the above fuel cell low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, the performance of fuel cells under different control parameters (I, P0) can be calculated. ptc The total startup energy consumption W and the low-temperature startup time t are used to find the optimal control parameters for X. opt =(I′, P) ptc ′), which is the optimal fuel cell stack loading current and the optimal PTC heating power.
[0088] S230. Input the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the target output voltage of the stack and the target outlet temperature of the stack coolant.
[0089] S240. Use the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current as the control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start up at low temperature.
[0090] S250: Real-time acquisition of the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process.
[0091] S260. Adjust the optimal fuel cell load current according to the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the fuel cell; adjust the optimal PTC heating power according to the deviation between the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell coolant and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell coolant.
[0092] In this embodiment, based on the above embodiments, theoretical data support for the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current is further provided by optimizing a multi-objective model or a single-objective model. This allows the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current to be used as control parameters for the initial input of the fuel cell system during low-temperature startup. The optimal stack loading current is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the stack. Similarly, the optimal PTC heating power is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual outlet temperature of the stack coolant and the target outlet temperature of the stack coolant. This achieves real-time control and adjustment of the control parameters (PTC heating power and stack loading current), thereby minimizing the total startup energy consumption (auxiliary heating power consumption and hydrogen consumption) and ensuring an acceptable low-temperature startup time during the actual low-temperature startup process.
[0093] This invention also provides a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device; this fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device can execute the fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method provided in any embodiment of this invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the device includes:
[0094] The optimal control parameter determination module 10 is used to determine the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0095] The target parameter determination module 20 is used to input the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current into the low temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the stack output target voltage and the stack coolant target outlet temperature.
[0096] The actual low-temperature start-up module 30 is used to use the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current as the initial control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start at low temperature.
[0097] The data acquisition module 40 is used to acquire the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process in real time.
[0098] The PID control module 50 is used to adjust the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell loading current based on the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack, and based on the deviation between the actual outlet temperature and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
[0099] Optionally, the optimal control parameter determination module includes:
[0100] The model building unit is used to build a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. The input parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include the initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, environmental parameters, stack operating conditions, stack physical property parameters, PTC heating power parameters, and stack loading current parameters. The output parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include the stack coolant outlet temperature parameters, fuel cell cold start-up time parameters, stack output voltage parameters, and total start-up energy consumption parameters.
[0101] The optimal control parameter determination unit is used to optimize the PTC heating power and stack loading current parameters based on the shortest cold start time parameter and the minimum total start-up energy consumption parameter of the fuel cell, and to obtain the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current according to the low temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0102] This invention also provides an electronic device. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a processor 70, a memory 71, an input device 72, and an output device 73; the number of processors 70 in the device can be one or more. Figure 4 Taking a processor 70 as an example; the processor 70, memory 71, input device 72, and output device 73 in the device can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 4 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.
[0103] The memory 71, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method in this embodiment of the invention. The processor 70 executes various functional applications and data processing of the device / terminal / server by running the software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 71, thereby realizing the aforementioned fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method.
[0104] The memory 71 may primarily include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a given function; the data storage area may store data created based on terminal usage. Furthermore, the memory 71 may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some instances, the memory 71 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 70, which can be connected to the device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
[0105] Input device 72 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the device. Output device 73 may include display devices such as a display screen.
[0106] This invention also provides a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a computer processor, are used to perform a fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method, the method comprising:
[0107] The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current were determined based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model.
[0108] The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current are input into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
[0109] The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current are used as control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start up at low temperature.
[0110] The actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process are collected in real time.
[0111] The optimal fuel cell load current is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack; the optimal PTC heating power is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
[0112] Of course, the computer-executable instructions provided in the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the method operations described above, but can also execute related operations in the fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method provided in any embodiment of the present invention.
[0113] Based on the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented using hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.
[0114] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of the search device described above, the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of each functional unit are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0115] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for controlling the cryogenic start-up of a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current were determined based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. Among them, determining the optimal PTC heating power and optimal stack loading current based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model includes: A low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is established. The input parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, environmental parameters, stack operating conditions, stack physical property parameters, PTC heating power parameters, and stack loading current parameters. The output parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include stack coolant outlet temperature parameters, fuel cell cold start-up time parameters, stack output voltage parameters, and total start-up energy consumption parameters. Based on the shortest cold start time parameter and the minimum total start-up energy consumption parameter of the fuel cell, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low temperature start-up performance prediction model to obtain the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current. The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current are input into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant. The optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current are used as control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start up at low temperature. The actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process are collected in real time. The optimal fuel cell load current is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack; the optimal PTC heating power is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
2. The fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is established, specifically as follows: ； in, The initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, For the environmental parameters, For the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, For the physical properties of the fuel cell stack, For the PTC heating power parameters, The parameters for the applied current of the fuel cell stack; The outlet temperature parameters of the fuel cell stack coolant. The cold start time parameter of the fuel cell, The output voltage parameters of the fuel cell stack are as follows: The total startup energy consumption parameter; Based on minimizing the fuel cell cold start time and the total start-up energy consumption, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, specifically as follows: ； in, These represent the minimum allowable stack current and the maximum allowable current during the low-temperature startup of the fuel cell stack, respectively. This indicates the maximum allowable heating power of the auxiliary heating system's PTC.
3. The fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A low-temperature start-up performance prediction model is established, specifically as follows: ； in, The initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, For the environmental parameters, For the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, For the physical properties of the fuel cell stack, For the PTC heating power parameters, The parameters for the applied current of the fuel cell stack; The outlet temperature parameters of the fuel cell stack coolant. The cold start time parameter of the fuel cell, The output voltage parameters of the fuel cell stack are as follows: The total startup energy consumption parameter; Based on minimizing the fuel cell cold start time and the total start-up energy consumption, the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter are optimized according to the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model, specifically as follows: in, This represents the target cold start time parameter for the fuel cell.
4. The fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial parameters of the fuel cell stack include: the initial water content of the proton exchange membrane and the initial temperature of the stack; The environmental parameters include ambient temperature and air velocity around the fuel cell stack. The operating conditions of the fuel cell stack include the temperature of the reactant gas, the pressure of the reactant gas, and the excess coefficient of the reactant gas. The physical properties of the fuel cell include the kinetic parameters of the proton exchange membrane electrode reaction.
5. A fuel cell cryogenic start-up control device, characterized in that, include: The optimal control parameter determination module is used to determine the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell stack loading current based on the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. The optimal control parameter determination module includes: The model building unit is used to build a low-temperature start-up performance prediction model. The input parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include initial parameters of the fuel cell stack, environmental parameters, stack operating conditions, stack physical property parameters, PTC heating power parameters, and stack loading current parameters. The output parameters of the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model include stack coolant outlet temperature parameters, fuel cell cold start-up time parameters, stack output voltage parameters, and total start-up energy consumption parameters. The optimal control parameter determination unit is used to optimize the PTC heating power parameter and the stack loading current parameter based on the shortest cold start time parameter and the minimum total start-up energy consumption parameter of the fuel cell, and to obtain the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current according to the low temperature start-up performance prediction model. The target parameter determination module is used to input the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current into the low-temperature start-up performance prediction model to determine the stack output target voltage and the stack coolant target outlet temperature. The actual low-temperature start-up module is used to use the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal stack loading current as the initial control parameters for the actual fuel cell to start at low temperature. The data acquisition module is used to acquire the actual output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the actual outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant during the actual low-temperature start-up process of the fuel cell in real time. The PID control module is used to adjust the optimal PTC heating power and the optimal fuel cell loading current based on the deviation between the actual output voltage and the target output voltage of the fuel cell stack, and based on the deviation between the actual outlet temperature and the target outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack coolant.
6. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method according to any one of claims 1-4.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the fuel cell cryogenic start-up control method according to any one of claims 1-4.