A fracture-vug positioning method, system, medium, and device
By constructing an initial model trace using dip angle gathers and conducting precise model trace iteration analysis with similarity coefficient constraints, high-precision targeted positioning of carbonate rock fracture cavities was achieved, improving drilling success rate.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- PETROCHINA CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-07-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
The small size, deep burial, large velocity variation, and strong anisotropy of individual fractures and cavities in carbonate rock fractured-cavity reservoirs result in low resolution and accuracy of seismic data imaging, affecting the accuracy of fracture and cavity identification and leading to a low drilling success rate.
An initial model trace is constructed using dip gathers. An objective function is built by correlating the seismic trace data with the delay time. Coarse and fine adjustments are made to target fractures and cavities. A precise model trace is constructed using similarity coefficient constraints. Iterative analysis is then performed to achieve precise location of fractures and cavities.
It improved the accuracy of fracture and cavity targeting, increased drilling success rate, and solved the problem of accuracy in identifying fractures and cavities in carbonate rocks.
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Figure CN117388918B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic data processing technology for petroleum exploration, and specifically relates to a method, system, medium and equipment for locating fractures and cavities. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous deepening of oil and gas exploration, the western region has become the main battlefield for oil and gas exploration. Among them, the Ordovician complex fractured-vuggy carbonate rocks have the characteristics of large-area contiguous oil-bearing and local enrichment, and are the main blocks for increasing crude oil production and reserves, ensuring the stability of oilfield production. However, due to the small scale of individual fractures and cavities in carbonate rock fractured-vuggy reservoirs, ultra-deep burial, large velocity variation, strong anisotropy, and development of multiple waves, the imaging resolution and accuracy of seismic data are greatly reduced, which has become one of the important reasons affecting the identification of carbonate rock fractures and cavities.
[0003] In recent years, the oilfield company has continuously increased its efforts in geophysical exploration of carbonate rocks, organizing multiple rounds of research and experiments by various parties. This has enabled the company to make leaps in development from time-based to depth-based exploration, and from isotropic to anisotropic exploration. Although the spatial imaging accuracy of fractures and cavities has improved to some extent, the influence of surface desert and underground igneous rocks in the exploration blocks, the Ordovician and deeper strata below, the weak effective energy, and the insufficient accuracy of velocity models have resulted in insufficient accuracy in the characterization of fractures and cavities and faults in some blocks. The location of fractures and cavities cannot be accurately identified, and the accuracy of the entry point is insufficient, leading to a low drilling success rate. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method, system, medium, and device for locating fractures and cavities. This involves constructing an initial model trace using an inclination gather, then using correlation analysis between the initial model trace and the inclination gather to construct an objective function for coarse adjustment of fracture and cavity targeting. Finally, under the constraint of similarity coefficients, a precise model trace is constructed, and the objective function constructed using the precise model trace is iteratively analyzed to fine-tune the fracture and cavity targeting, thereby obtaining high-precision targeting and improving drilling success rate.
[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A method for locating cracks, utilizing seismic trace data v ij Constructing the initial model s i ; using the initial model s i With seismic trace data v ij Correlation analysis is used to construct the objective function with a delay, and coarse-tuning is performed to target the fracture; similarity coefficient constraints are used to construct a precise model of the trace data N. i Using precise model data N i An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the pore, thereby achieving precise positioning of the pore.
[0007] Specifically, using seismic trace data v ij Constructing the initial model s i Specifically:
[0008] The seismic data is preprocessed, and then pre-stack depth migration is performed on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain dip gather data u. ij ; Obtain tilt angle gather data u ij Corresponding seismic trace data v ij ; For seismic trace data v ij Perform amplitude summation to construct the initial model data s i .
[0009] Specifically, the coarse adjustment of the target for the suture hole involves:
[0010] The initial model is s i With seismic trace data v ij The cross-correlation is calculated to obtain the correlation matrix G. ijk and similarity coefficient H ij Select the cross-correlation matrix G ijk The moment corresponding to the maximum intermediate amplitude energy is used as the seismic trace data v ij The delay time t' is calculated, and the diffraction slope p of the slit is calculated based on the delay time t'. ij The slot diffraction slope p of each imaging point gather is obtained by summing and averaging the slot diffraction slope values of gathers with the same tilt angle. i p in descending order i Sort the images and find the imaging point gathers u with tilt angles of -10 to +10. ij Complete the coarse adjustment of the suture hole.
[0011] Furthermore, the objective function for the diffraction slope of the slit is p. ij for:
[0012]
[0013] Where t represents the seismic trace data v ij The maximum amplitude corresponds to the time, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., M, where M is the seismic trace data v. ij Maximum number of lanes.
[0014] Specifically, the fine-tuning of the coarsely adjusted suture hole target involves:
[0015] Pre-stack depth migration is performed on the data to obtain dip angle gather data u. ij Using the initial model s i With seismic trace data v ij Calculate the similarity coefficient H ij Using tilt angle gather data u ij and similarity coefficient Hij Reconstructing accurate model data N i According to seismic trace data v ij Calculate the diffraction slope p' of the slot at the delay time t2'. ij The diffraction slope p' of the slit hole ij The position close to zero is used as the target point to achieve precise location of the suture hole.
[0016] Furthermore, the precise model channel data N i for:
[0017]
[0018] Where M is the maximum number of channels in the tilt gather, v ij (t) represents the amplitude value of the inclination gather at time sample point t, C(t) is the new similarity coefficient, and v ij (t') represents the amplitude value of the tilt gather at time sample point t', where t is the time sample value.
[0019] Furthermore, the diffraction slope p' of the slit hole ij for:
[0020]
[0021] Where t represents the seismic trace data v ij The maximum amplitude corresponds to the time, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., M, where M is the seismic trace data v. ij Maximum number of lanes.
[0022] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a suture hole positioning system, comprising:
[0023] Modules are built using seismic trace data v ij Constructing the initial model s i ;
[0024] The coarse-tuning module utilizes the initial model path s i With seismic trace data v ij Correlation analysis is performed with a delay to construct the objective function and conduct coarse-scale adjustment of the crack / hole target.
[0025] The positioning module utilizes similarity coefficient constraints to construct an accurate model of channel data N. i Using precise model data N i An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the pore, thereby achieving precise positioning of the pore.
[0026] Thirdly, a computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described hole positioning method.
[0027] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described hole positioning method.
[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0029] This invention discloses a method for locating seams. To accurately pinpoint the seam target location, the method first performs coarse adjustment of the seam target to find the preliminary seam location. The steps involve first utilizing seismic trace data... ij The initial model is constructed by summing the amplitudes of the time samples from smallest to largest. i Then use the initial model s i With seismic trace data v ij The cross-correlation is calculated to obtain the correlation matrix. The time delay of the seismic trace is determined based on the time corresponding to the maximum amplitude energy in the correlation matrix. The slot diffraction slope of the seismic trace data is calculated based on the slot diffraction slope. The dip angle is then calculated using the slope. A judgment criterion is established, dip angle gathers are identified, and they are renamed as imaging point gathers u. ij The target location of the suture hole is roughly located; then, through fine-tuning of the suture hole target, a more accurate model is constructed using similarity coefficient constraints. i Then use the initial model N i The correlation matrix is obtained by cross-correlation with the common imaging point gather. The time delay of the seismic trace is determined according to the time corresponding to the maximum amplitude energy in the correlation matrix. The fracture-vuggy diffraction slope of the imaging point gather is calculated according to the fracture-vuggy diffraction slope calculation formula. Then, a judgment criterion is formulated (the value of the slope infinitely close to zero is the center position of the fracture-vuggy reservoir). Finally, the target position of the fracture-vuggy reservoir is accurately located. This invention realizes the determination of fracture-vuggy reservoir location from preliminary to precise. It is a major breakthrough for the accurate exploration of fracture-vuggy oil and gas reservoirs in the petroleum industry and improves the accuracy of carbonate fracture-vuggy oil and gas reservoir identification.
[0030] Furthermore, the dip angle gather data is obtained after pre-stack depth migration processing and serves as the data basis for subsequent fracture-cavity localization, while the initial model gather data s i This is to obtain the correlation matrix G. ijk This prepares for subsequent calculation of fracture-cavity diffraction slope. By using pre-stack depth migration technology, it solves the problem of accurate imaging, positioning, and elimination of velocity traps of seismic reflection waves in areas with strong lateral variations in strata velocity and complex geological structures.
[0031] Furthermore, the purpose of coarse adjustment for the slot target is to find the approximate location of the slot and calculate the slot diffraction slope p based on the delay time t'. ij The slot diffraction slope p of each gather at the same inclination angle is obtained by summing and averaging the slot diffraction slope values. iSome tilt gathers have larger slot diffraction slopes, while others have smaller ones. We identified the tilt gathers corresponding to tilt angles of -10° to +10° and renamed them as imaging point gathers. ij This process is the coarse adjustment of the crack / hole target, which involves adjusting the seismic trace data v ij The above method was used to initially screen out imaging point gathers with tilt angles ranging from -10 to +10.
[0032] Furthermore, the objective function p for calculating the diffraction slope of the slot is calculated based on the delay time t'. ij Initial screening yielded imaging point gathers with tilt angles ranging from -10° to +10°.
[0033] Furthermore, fine-tuning of the crevice-hole targeting first utilizes similarity coefficient constraints to construct a more accurate model N. i Then use the initial model N i Common imaging point gather u ij The cross-correlation is obtained to obtain the correlation matrix. The delay time t2' of the seismic trace is determined according to the time corresponding to the maximum amplitude energy in the correlation matrix. The diffraction slope of the imaging point gather is calculated according to the formula for calculating the diffraction slope. Then, the judgment criterion is established: the value of the slope infinitely close to zero is the center position of the seismic hole. Finally, the target position of the seismic hole is accurately located.
[0034] Furthermore, the precise model channel data N i It is calculated using similarity coefficient constraints and tilt angle gather reconstruction. The calculated model is then converted into data N. i Higher precision lays a solid foundation for accurate positioning of seams.
[0035] Furthermore, the diffraction slope p' of the slit hole ij This is the formula for finally determining the precise location of the slot. It uses coarse adjustment to select trace gathers with inclination angles of -10 to +10, and then calculates the slope using the delay obtained from the updated model traces, resulting in a more accurate result. When the diffraction slope p' of the slot is... ij The value that is infinitely close to zero is the center of the suture hole, i.e., the target point, thus achieving precise positioning of the suture hole.
[0036] It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fourth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.
[0037] In summary, this invention utilizes seismic dip gathers to construct an objective function for high-precision fracture-cavity targeting, which can obtain highly accurate fracture-cavity target locations, facilitating subsequent seismic data interpretation and well location analysis, thereby improving drilling success rate.
[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coarse adjustment of the suture hole targeting method of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fine-tuning of the suture hole targeting method of the present invention;
[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.
[0045] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0046] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" relationship.
[0047] It should be understood that although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in the embodiments of the present invention to describe the preset range, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the preset ranges from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.
[0048] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."
[0049] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.
[0050] This invention provides a fracture-cavity location method based on the diffraction slope of the dip angle gather. An initial model trace is constructed using the dip angle gather. Then, a target function is constructed by analyzing the correlation delay between the initial model trace and the imaging point gather for coarse adjustment of fracture-cavity targeting. Finally, a precise model trace is constructed under the constraint of the similarity coefficient. The target function is then iteratively analyzed using the precise model trace to fine-tune the fracture-cavity targeting, resulting in highly accurate fracture-cavity target locations. This facilitates subsequent seismic data interpretation and well location analysis, thereby improving drilling success rate.
[0051] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for locating seams, comprising the following steps:
[0052] S1. Perform pre-stack depth migration processing on the seismic data to obtain dip gather data u. ij ;
[0053] Pre-stack depth migration was performed on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain dip gather data u. ij .
[0054] Pre-stack depth migration is a processing technique for spatial repositioning of geological structures. It involves performing pre-stack depth migration on each co-offset profile in the depth domain using an established migration velocity field. Then, common reflection point gathers are extracted from each migrated co-offset profile. If the gather curves are flattened, the reflected waves from each trace are superimposed. This process of first migrating and then superimposing in the depth domain overcomes the influence of stratigraphic dip angle on post-stack migration superposition or poor migration imaging, as well as the influence of lateral velocity variations on the distortion of the reflection layer morphology.
[0055] S2. Obtain the inclination gather data u obtained in step S1. ij All corresponding seismic trace data v ij ;
[0056] Where j = 1, 2, 3, ..., M, v ij The j-th trace represents the i-th common image of the seismic profile. There are a total of M traces of seismic data.
[0057] S3, regarding the seismic trace data v from step S2 ij Starting from track 1 and ending at track M, the amplitude values of the time samples are summed in ascending order to obtain the superimposed amplitude values of the time samples, thus constructing the initial model track data s. i ;
[0058] Initial model data s i for:
[0059]
[0060] S4. Perform coarse adjustment for suture hole targeting;
[0061] The purpose of coarse adjustment for suture hole targeting is to find the approximate location of the suture hole. The coarse adjustment for suture hole targeting specifically involves:
[0062] The objective function p for determining the diffraction slope of the slit hole is determined based on the delay time t'. ij The slot diffraction slope p of each gather at the same inclination angle is obtained by summing and averaging the slot diffraction slope values. i Some tilt gathers have larger slot diffraction slopes, while others have smaller ones. We identified the tilt gathers corresponding to tilt angles of -10° to +10° and renamed them as imaging point gathers. ij This process is called coarse adjustment for crack targeting; in short, it involves adjusting the seismic trace data v ij The above method was used to initially screen out imaging point gathers with tilt angles ranging from -10 to +10.
[0063] S401, Set the initial model track s i With seismic trace data v ij The cross-correlation is calculated to obtain the correlation matrix G. ijk and similarity coefficient H ij ;
[0064] Where k = 1, 2, 3, ..., W, W = 2E + 1, and E is the time window for calculating the cross-correlation.
[0065] S402. Select the cross-correlation matrix G ijk The time corresponding to the maximum amplitude energy is taken as the delay time t' of the seismic trace data, and the objective function of the fracture-cavity diffraction slope is calculated based on this delay time;
[0066] Create the objective function p for the diffraction slope of the slit. ij The specific calculations are as follows:
[0067]
[0068] Where t represents the seismic trace data v ij The maximum amplitude corresponds to the time, j = 1, 2, 3, ..., M, where M is the seismic trace data v. ij Maximum number of lanes.
[0069] S403. The slot diffraction slope values of gathers with the same tilt angle are summed and averaged to obtain the slot diffraction slope p of gathers at each imaging point. i p in descending order i Sort the images and find the imaging point gathers u with tilt angles from -10 to +10. ij This enables targeted coarse adjustment of the suture hole.
[0070] S5. Make fine adjustments to target the suture hole.
[0071] After coarse adjustment in step S4, the seismic trace data v ij The tilt angle range is wide. Some tilt gathers have larger slot diffraction slopes, while others have smaller ones. After coarse adjustment, imaging point gathers with tilt angles of -10 to +10 were initially selected. ij The precise location of the suture hole lies within these imaging point gathers. ij In this, these imaging point gathers u ij This forms the data basis for the next step of fine-tuning the suture hole.
[0072] S501. Based on the principle of minimizing amplitude energy error, eliminate the error of logarithmic calculation, improve the stability of the solution, and construct updated accurate model trace data.
[0073] Updated accurate model data N i The specific calculations are as follows:
[0074]
[0075] in,
[0076] The updated model has higher precision, laying a solid foundation for accurate positioning of the seams.
[0077] S502, Update the precise model trace data N after step S501 i With inclination gather data u ij Calculate the cross-correlation, and calculate the delay time t2' of the seismic trace data according to step S4, and calculate the slot diffraction slope based on the delay time t2' of the seismic trace data;
[0078] The time corresponding to the maximum amplitude energy in the cross-correlation matrix is selected as the delay time of the seismic trace data, and the diffraction slope p' of the fracture-hole at the delay time t2' is selected. ij The specific calculations are as follows:
[0079]
[0080] Among them, u ij It is an inclined path set.
[0081] S503, when the diffraction slope of the slit is p' ij The value that is infinitely close to zero is the center of the suture hole, i.e., the target point, thus achieving precise positioning of the suture hole.
[0082] In another embodiment of the present invention, a seam hole positioning system is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned seam hole positioning method. Specifically, the seam hole positioning system includes a construction module, a coarse adjustment module, and a positioning module.
[0083] Among them, the construction module utilizes seismic trace data v ij Constructing the initial model s i ;
[0084] The coarse-tuning module utilizes the initial model path s i With seismic trace data v ij Correlation analysis is performed with a delay to construct the objective function and conduct coarse-scale adjustment of the crack / hole target.
[0085] The positioning module utilizes similarity coefficient constraints to construct an accurate model of channel data N. i Using precise model data N i An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the pore, thereby achieving precise positioning of the pore.
[0086] In another embodiment of the present invention, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used for the operation of a seam hole positioning method, including:
[0087] Using seismic trace data v ij Constructing the initial model s i ;
[0088] Using the initial model s i With seismic trace data v ij Correlation analysis is performed with a delay to construct the objective function and perform coarse-tuning for the target of the pore.
[0089] Constructing an accurate model using similarity coefficient constraints for channel data N i Using precise model data N i An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the pore, thereby achieving precise positioning of the pore.
[0090] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is also provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (memory). This computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a terminal device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the terminal device and extended storage media supported by the terminal device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, this storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.
[0091] One or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the corresponding steps of the suture hole positioning method in the above embodiments; one or more instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor to perform the following steps:
[0092] Using seismic trace data v ij Constructing the initial model s i ;
[0093] Using the initial model s i With seismic trace data v ij Correlation analysis is performed with a delay to construct the objective function and perform coarse-tuning for the target of the pore.
[0094] Constructing an accurate model using similarity coefficient constraints for channel data N i Using precise model data N i An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the pore, thereby achieving precise positioning of the pore.
[0095] Please see Figure 4 The computer device 60 in this embodiment includes a processor 61, a memory 62, and a computer program 63 stored in the memory 62 and executable on the processor 61. When the computer program 63 is executed by the processor 61, it implements the seam hole location method in this embodiment. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here. Alternatively, when the computer program 63 is executed by the processor 61, it implements the functions of each model / unit in the seam hole location system of this embodiment. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
[0096] Computer device 60 can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, cloud server, or other computing device. Computer device 60 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 61 and a memory 62. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4 This is merely an example of computer device 60 and does not constitute a limitation on computer device 60. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, computer device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
[0097] The processor 61 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
[0098] The memory 62 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device 60, such as a hard disk or RAM of the computer device 60. The memory 62 can also be an external storage device of the computer device 60, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc. equipped on the computer device 60.
[0099] Furthermore, the memory 62 may include both internal storage units of the computer device 60 and external storage devices. The memory 62 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 62 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
[0100] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0101] Please see Figure 2 This invention first uses the diffraction slope of the tilt gather to perform coarse adjustment for slot targeting, determining the approximate direction of the target point. Through the method of this invention, gathers with tilt angles of -10 to +10 are initially screened from the tilt gathers, thereby narrowing the range of slot search and preparing for precise slot location.
[0102] Please see Figure 3 Then, fine-tuning is performed to target the suture hole, achieving precise positioning of the suture hole, such as... Figure 3 As shown, by using gathers with inclination angles of -10 to +10, the method of this invention can further refine the accurate location of the seam hole, precisely find the center position of the seam hole when the slope is infinitely close to zero, and finally accurately locate the position of the seam hole.
[0103] In summary, the present invention provides a method and system for locating fractures and cavities based on the diffraction slope of the inclination gather. It uses the inclination gather to construct an initial model trace, constructs a precise model trace under the constraint of similarity coefficients, and uses the precise model trace to construct an objective function for iterative analysis to obtain high-precision targeted positioning and improve drilling success rate.
[0104] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0105] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0106] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0107] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0108] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.
Claims
1. A method for locating a seam hole, characterized in that, Using seismic trace data Constructing the initial model ; Using the initial model Seismic trace data Correlation analysis is used to construct the objective function with a delay, and coarse tuning is performed to target the fracture / cavity; similarity coefficient constraints are used to construct a precise model of the trace data. Using precise model data An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the suture hole, thereby achieving precise positioning of the suture hole. The coarse adjustment of the target for the suture hole is specifically as follows: The initial model path Seismic trace data The cross-correlation is calculated to obtain the correlation matrix. and similarity coefficient Select the cross-correlation matrix The moment corresponding to the maximum intermediate amplitude energy is used as seismic trace data. Delay time And according to the delay time Determine the objective function for the diffraction slope of the slit. The slot diffraction slope of each imaging point gather is obtained by summing and averaging the slot diffraction slope values of gathers with the same tilt angle. From largest to smallest Sort the images and find the image point gathers with tilt angles ranging from -10° to +10°. Complete the coarse adjustment of the slot hole target, and the objective function of the slot hole diffraction slope. for: in, These are time sample values. , For seismic trace data Maximum number of lanes; The fine-tuning of the coarsely adjusted suture hole target is specifically as follows: Pre-stack depth migration is performed on the data to obtain dip gather data. Using the initial model Seismic trace data Calculate the similarity coefficient Using tilt gather data and similarity coefficient Reconstructing accurate model data According to seismic trace data Delay time Calculate the diffraction slope of the slot The diffraction slope of the slit The position close to zero is used as the target point to achieve precise localization of the suture hole and accurate model data. for: in, The maximum number of channels in the tilt gather. For the tilt angle gather at time sample points The amplitude value, For the new similarity coefficient, For the tilt angle gather at the time sample point The amplitude value, These are time sample values.
2. The method for locating seams according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using seismic trace data Constructing the initial model Specifically: The seismic data is preprocessed, and then pre-stack depth migration is performed on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain dip gather data. Obtain tilt angle gather data Corresponding seismic trace data Seismic trace data Perform amplitude summation to construct initial model data. .
3. The method for locating seams according to claim 1, characterized in that, Slit diffraction slope for: in, These are time sample values. , For seismic trace data Maximum number of lanes.
4. A suture hole positioning system, characterized in that, include: Modules are built using seismic trace data. Constructing the initial model ; The coarse tuning module utilizes the initial model path. Seismic trace data Correlation analysis is performed with a delay to construct the objective function and conduct coarse-scale adjustment of the crack / hole target. The coarse adjustment of the target for the suture hole is specifically as follows: The initial model path Seismic trace data The cross-correlation is calculated to obtain the correlation matrix. and similarity coefficient Select the cross-correlation matrix The moment corresponding to the maximum intermediate amplitude energy is used as seismic trace data. Delay time And according to the delay time Determine the objective function for the diffraction slope of the slit. The slot diffraction slope of each imaging point gather is obtained by summing and averaging the slot diffraction slope values of gathers with the same tilt angle. From largest to smallest Sort the images and find the image point gathers with tilt angles ranging from -10° to +10°. Complete the coarse adjustment of the slot hole target, and the objective function of the slot hole diffraction slope. for: in, These are time sample values. , For seismic trace data Maximum number of lanes; The positioning module utilizes similarity coefficient constraints to construct accurate model data. Using precise model data An iterative analysis of the objective function is constructed to fine-tune the coarsely adjusted target of the suture hole, thereby achieving precise positioning of the suture hole. The fine-tuning of the coarsely adjusted suture hole target is specifically as follows: Pre-stack depth migration is performed on the data to obtain dip gather data. Using the initial model Seismic trace data Calculate the similarity coefficient Using tilt gather data and similarity coefficient Reconstructing accurate model data According to seismic trace data Delay time Calculate the diffraction slope of the slot The diffraction slope of the slit The position close to zero is used as the target point to achieve precise localization of the suture hole and accurate model data. for: in, The maximum number of channels in the tilt gather. For the tilt angle gather at time sample points The amplitude value, For the new similarity coefficient, For the tilt angle gather at the time sample point The amplitude value, These are time sample values.
5. The suture hole positioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the construction module, seismic trace data is used. Constructing the initial model Specifically: The seismic data is preprocessed, and then pre-stack depth migration is performed on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain dip gather data. Obtain tilt angle gather data Corresponding seismic trace data Seismic trace data Perform amplitude summation to construct initial model data. .
6. The suture hole positioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the positioning module, the diffraction slope of the slit is... for: in, These are time sample values. , For seismic trace data Maximum number of lanes.
7. A computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs, characterized in that, The one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any of the methods according to claim 1, 2, or 3.
8. A computing device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods according to claim 1, 2, or 3.