High strength toughened fiber reinforced composites based on bio-structure combinatorial biomimicry and methods

Abstract

The application discloses a high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics and a preparation method thereof, and comprises a component main body which is a cross-layer structure of bionic snail shell; the component main body comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer which are sequentially arranged; the fiber laying mode of the outer layer imitates the brick clay structure of a nacre layer; the fiber laying mode of the middle layer imitates the cross-layer structure of the snail shell; and the fiber laying mode of the inner layer imitates the spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod. According to the force state difference of different positions in the stress process of the fiber reinforced composite material, the excellent natural structures such as shells, snail shells and mantis shrimp chela rods are combined and bionized, so that the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite material are effectively improved, and the regional design is customized to endow the fiber reinforced composite material with the ability of adapting to complex and severe environments.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of composite material structure in the field of new materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fiber-reinforced composite material has the advantages of light weight and high strength, and has been widely applied in the fields of aerospace, rail transportation, automobile and building. However, with the increasing requirement for the performance of the fiber-reinforced composite material component, the traditional fiber laying method cannot meet the increasing mechanical performance requirement, and it is of great significance to further improve the strength, toughness and damage resistance of the fiber-reinforced composite material by making full use of the strength designability of the fiber-reinforced composite material through structure design.

[0003] Therefore, the prior art still needs to be further improved and developed. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a high-strength and high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively improve the strength, toughness and damage resistance of the fiber-reinforced composite material, and the mechanical performance is greatly improved compared with the traditional fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A high-strength and high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics, comprising:

[0007] a component body, which is a cross-layer structure imitating a bionic snail shell;

[0008] the component body comprises an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer arranged in sequence;

[0009] the fiber laying mode of the outer layer imitates the brick mud structure of the nacre layer;

[0010] the fiber laying mode of the intermediate layer imitates the cross-layer structure of the snail shell;

[0011] the fiber laying mode of the inner layer imitates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chela rod.

[0012] The high-strength and high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics, wherein,

[0013] the fiber laying of the outer layer adopts the brick mud structure of the nacre layer, and the fibers are arranged in the length direction at intervals, and the single-layer fiber prepreg is arranged horizontally.

[0014] The high-strength and high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics, wherein,

[0015] The intermediate layer is arranged according to [+45° / -45°] ns The fibers of the adjacent two layers are perpendicular to each other.

[0016] The high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure, wherein

[0017] The fiber arrangement of the inner layer adopts the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chelae rod, and the orientations of the adjacent fiber layers are rotated by an angle β, wherein 5°<β<45°.

[0018] The high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure, wherein the inner layer is arranged according to a spiral angle of 5°<β<30°, and is arranged layer by layer in a direction from 0° around a rotation axis perpendicular to the inner layer and passing through the center of the inner layer.

[0019] The high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure, wherein the intermediate layer is arranged perpendicularly to the outer layer and the inner layer.

[0020] The high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure, wherein the fiber arrangement angle of the intermediate layer 2 is 45°.

[0021] The fiber arrangement angle of the inner layer 3 is 30°.

[0022] The high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure, wherein the overall size is 50mm×10mm×10mm, a standard layer prepreg with a thickness of 200μm is used, the number of layers of the outer layer and the inner layer is 10, and the number of layers of the intermediate layer is 50.

[0023] The high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure, wherein the high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material is prepared by additive manufacturing or hot pressing.

[0024] A method for preparing the high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combined biomimetic structure according to any one of the above, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

[0025] S1, cutting the fiber prepreg by using a fiber cutting machine, and arranging the fiber prepreg according to a preset arrangement mode;

[0026] S2, packaging the arranged fiber prepreg by using a vacuum bag to remove excess air and moisture;

[0027] S3, placing the packaged fiber prepreg into a hot pressing machine, setting the temperature and pressure, and performing hot pressing;

[0028] S4, cutting and polishing the shaped fiber reinforced composite material according to needs.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that:

[0030] The embodiment of the present application provides a high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics and a preparation method thereof. According to the bionics principle, typical biological structures (brick and mud structure, cross-layer structure and spiral structure) are combined into the design of the fiber reinforced composite material. The inner layer, the outer layer and the intermediate layer are designed separately according to different stress conditions at different positions. Different laying modes of the layers perfectly adapt to the stress states of the layers, effectively improve the strength, toughness and damage resistance of the fiber composite material, the laying of the outer layer brick and mud structure can provide high strength, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the received load to a larger material volume, the laying of the intermediate layer cross-layer structure can provide a complex crack propagation path, thereby improving the toughness and damage resistance of the overall material, and the laying of the inner layer spiral structure makes it more isotropic, significantly increases the crack initiation resistance and maintains the integrity of the structure. The combination effect of the layers significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite material, greatly improves the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite material compared with traditional fiber reinforced composite materials, and has important application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The brick and mud structure of the shell pearl layer imitated by the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics of the embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 2 The cross-layer structure of the sea snail imitated by the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics of the embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 3 The spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chela rod imitated by the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics of the embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of the fiber laying angle rotation of 30 degrees of the inner layer of the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combined bionics provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0036] The reference signs are explained as follows: 1 is an outer layer, 2 is an intermediate layer, and 3 is an inner layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The application provides a high-toughness fiber reinforced composite based on biological structure combined bionics and a preparation method thereof.

[0038] As is understood in the technical field, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" used herein are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in the specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features.

[0039] As is understood in the technical field, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the specification and relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0040] It is well known that nature has evolved advanced high-toughness biological structures through billions of years of survival competition. With the rise of bionics, the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites can be significantly improved by introducing bionic structures, ideas and mechanisms into the design of fiber reinforced composites.

[0041] To solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a high-toughness fiber reinforced composite based on biological structure combined bionics and a preparation method thereof. The high-toughness fiber reinforced composite based on biological structure combined bionics comprises an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer. The fiber arrangement of the outer layer simulates the "brick and mud" structure of the nacreous layer of a shell. The fiber arrangement of the intermediate layer simulates the cross-layer structure of a snail shell. The fiber arrangement of the inner layer simulates the spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod. According to the differences in stress state at different positions during the stress process of the fiber reinforced composite, the excellent natural structures of shells, snail shells and mantis shrimp chela rods are combined and bionized, which effectively improves the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite. The customized regional design endows the fiber reinforced composite with the ability to adapt to complex and harsh environments.

[0042] The survival competition of nature for billions of years has driven the evolution of high-toughness structures in biology. By imitating the structural characteristics of biology and understanding the mechanism between structure and performance, it will help to design lightweight, high-toughness and damage-tolerant fiber reinforced composites.

[0043] As Figures 1-4As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combination of biological structure bionics, which comprises: a component main body 100, which is a cross-layer structure of bionic snail shell; the component main body 100 is composed of an outer layer 1, an intermediate layer 2 and an inner layer 3; the fiber arrangement mode of the outer layer 1 imitates the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer; the fiber arrangement mode of the intermediate layer 2 imitates the cross-layer structure of snail shell, as shown in Figure 2 The fiber arrangement mode of the inner layer 3 imitates the spiral structure of mantis shrimp chela rod.

[0044] That is, the embodiment of the present application is a high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combination of typical biological structure bionics, the overall arrangement mode of the fiber-reinforced composite material imitates the bionic object selected from snail shell, the arrangement mode of the outer layer 1 of the fiber-reinforced composite material imitates the bionic object selected from nacre layer of shell, the arrangement mode of the intermediate layer 2 of the fiber-reinforced composite material imitates the bionic object selected from snail shell, and the arrangement mode of the inner layer 3 of the fiber-reinforced composite material imitates the bionic object selected from mantis shrimp chela rod.

[0045] Specifically, the fiber arrangement mode of the outer layer 1 of the embodiment of the present application imitates the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer, and the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer imitated in the present application is a biological structure in nature, which realizes excellent mechanical properties and toughness by arranging fibers or materials in a specific way.

[0046] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 1 the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer of shell, in the embodiment of the present application, the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer is imitated, and the nacre layer realizes excellent strength and toughness through multi-layer and alternating arrangement. This design not only provides flexibility in structure, but also has strong resistance when stressed. The following are some specific implementation details of the fiber arrangement mode of the outer layer 1 of the present application imitating the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer:

[0047] As shown in Figure 1 , the present application imitates the 'brick and mud' structure of nacre layer in the fiber arrangement mode of the outer layer 1, which is a multi-layer composite material design; in this design, materials with different properties can be arranged alternately to realize the combination of 'brick' and'mud'. Among them, the material selection can use hard materials (such as carbon fiber, ceramic or metal) as 'brick' layer, and use flexible polymers or elastic materials (such as polyurethane, rubber) as'mud' layer.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1As shown, the present application adopts the fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 to imitate the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer, and is designed as a multi-layer structure. The thickness and material properties of each layer can be adjusted as needed. For example, the outer layer can use thicker rigid materials to enhance the overall impact resistance, while the inner layer can choose thinner flexible materials to enhance toughness.

[0049] As shown, the present application adopts the fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 to imitate the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer, and is designed as a multi-layer structure. The thickness and material properties of each layer can be adjusted as needed. For example, the outer layer can use thicker rigid materials to enhance the overall impact resistance, while the inner layer can choose thinner flexible materials to enhance toughness. Figure 1 As shown, the present application adopts the fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 to imitate the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer, and is designed as a multi-layer structure. The thickness and material properties of each layer can be adjusted as needed. For example, the outer layer can use thicker rigid materials to enhance the overall impact resistance, while the inner layer can choose thinner flexible materials to enhance toughness.

[0050] The fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 of the present application imitates the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer by simulating the performance of materials under different loads to find the optimal combination of layers and material selection to reduce the risk of brittle fracture.

[0051] Of course, the fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 imitates the shape of the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer, and can also be designed as a hollow or honeycomb structure to further improve strength while reducing weight, for example, using 3D printing and other technologies to build complex geometries.

[0052] Further embodiments, the fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 imitates the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer, and can also use self-healing materials, taking into account the flexibility of the'mud', self-healing materials can be used to enhance the durability of the structure. For example, by introducing polymer materials with self-healing properties, when the material surface is damaged or has a small crack, the material can automatically repair under certain conditions to extend the service life.

[0053] Further, in order to realize the fiber arrangement of the outer layer 1 imitating the 'brick and mud' structure of the nacre layer, various manufacturing processes can be used, such as: laminated molding: combining different layer materials through hot or cold pressing to ensure strength and toughness. 3D printing: using additive manufacturing technology to precisely control the arrangement and thickness of materials to manufacture complex 'brick and mud' structures.

[0054] Further, the fiber arrangement of the intermediate layer 2 in the embodiments of the present application imitates the cross-layer structure of the snail shell, which aims to simulate the unique structure of the snail shell to develop new materials or new products inspired by it. The cross-layer structure of the snail shell has high strength and toughness, which enables it to resist external pressure and impact in nature.

[0055] Specifically, as shown, Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2The cross-laminated structure of the snail shell is formed by the interlaced arrangement of multiple thin films. The interaction between these layers and the design of the interlayer structure enable it to effectively disperse externally applied forces, thereby improving the overall stability and compression resistance of the shell. The present application simulates the cross-laminated structure of the snail shell by arranging the fibers of the intermediate layer. By simulating this structure, a lighter and stronger material can be developed for applications in the fields of construction, aerospace, and biomedicine.

[0056] Further, the fiber arrangement of the inner layer 3 in the present application simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp's chelae. In material design, the fiber arrangement of the inner layer adopts a specific geometric shape that simulates the natural structural characteristics of the shrimp's pincers.

[0057] As shown in Figure 3 , the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp's chelae is simulated by arranging the fibers of the inner layer. Figure 3 The chelae structure of the mantis shrimp has very unique and efficient structure. The main features are as follows:

[0058] In the present application, the fiber arrangement of the inner layer simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp's chelae. The chelae of the mantis shrimp adopts a spiral arrangement, which can better disperse forces when subjected to external impact. This structure can effectively utilize the strength of the material and avoid local stress concentration. This spiral structure not only provides extremely high strength but also has a certain toughness, making the pincers less likely to break during hunting and defense.

[0059] In the present application, the fiber arrangement of the inner layer simulates this spiral structure. This arrangement can enhance the mechanical properties of the material when subjected to impact or stretching, making it perform better under complex stress. Through the spiral arrangement, the externally applied forces can be more evenly distributed within the material, thereby reducing the risk of material failure.

[0060] As shown in Figure 2 , the intermediate layer 2 is arranged according to [+45° / -45°] ns , and the fibers of adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other. This can enhance the mechanical properties of the composite material. The arrangement method is [+45° / -45°] ns: this is a representation of fiber arrangement, which represents the arrangement of fibers in different directions.

[0061] Specifically:

[0062] +45°: indicates that one layer of fibers is laid in a direction that is 45 degrees from the reference direction of the material.

[0063] -45°: indicates that the next layer of fibers is laid in a direction that is -45 degrees from the reference direction of the material.

[0064] ns: generally represents the number of stacks or number of layers, i.e. the number of such alternating layers.

[0065] Wherein, the fibers of adjacent two layers are perpendicular to each other, means that the fiber direction of each layer is perpendicular to the fiber direction of the adjacent layer. In combination with the above stacking manner, it means that the fibers of the first layer are stacked in the +45° direction, and the fibers of the second layer are stacked in the -45° direction. This alternating arrangement can significantly improve the overall performance of the material.

[0066] The present application has the following advantages by using this stacking manner:

[0067] 1) Strength and stiffness can be enhanced: by allowing the fibers to be staggered in different directions, the carrying capacity of the material in various directions can be effectively enhanced. Because the stress of the material in various directions can be evenly dispersed, and stress concentration in a certain direction is not easy to occur.

[0068] 2) Toughness can be improved: the alternating stacking structure enables the material to better absorb energy when subjected to impact or stretching, reducing the risk of brittle fracture.

[0069] 3) Excellent fatigue resistance: this design also helps to improve the fatigue properties of the material, making it perform better under long-term periodic loading and prolonging the service life.

[0070] Further, as shown in Figure 3 the inner layer 3 is stacked according to a spiral angle of 5°<β<30°, and is stacked layer by layer in a direction from 0° around a rotation axis perpendicular to the inner layer 3 and passing through the center of the inner layer 3.

[0071] Wherein, the spiral angle is stacked according to a spiral angle of 5°<β<30°, and β in the present embodiment refers to the spiral angle of the fiber or material, indicating the included angle formed by the stacking direction and the vertical direction. The spiral angle in this range means that the fiber will not be completely parallel to the surface of the inner layer, nor will it be too steep, thereby forming a moderate spiral layout.

[0072] And the stacking around the rotation axis is stacked around a rotation axis perpendicular to the inner layer 3 and passing through the center of the inner layer 3, i.e. the fiber is laid around an imaginary rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the plane of the inner layer 3 and passes through the center of the inner layer 3. This layout can make the fibers evenly distributed, improve the strength and toughness of the material.

[0073] And the spiral structure of the present application is gradually rotated layer by layer from 0° in one direction, which means that the spiral angle of each layer is increased with each layer of laying. That is, when laying each layer, a small angle is added to the base spiral angle, forming the effect of spiral. That is, the first layer may be 0°, and then the second layer may be an angle less than 30°, and the third layer is increased, and so on. This way of rotating layer by layer can achieve the spiral effect, so that the material has better carrying capacity.

[0074] As can be seen, the spiral structure of the present application can effectively disperse stress, making the material more flexible and reducing the risk of sudden rupture when subjected to external force. And the moderate spiral angle makes the fiber distribution of the inner layer more uniform, improving the tensile strength, compressive strength and bending strength of the material. Moreover, through such a layout, the material can reduce local stress concentration during long-term use, thereby improving the fatigue resistance performance.

[0075] As can be seen, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the present application, the inner layer 3 is laid with a spiral angle of 5°<β<30° and is laid layer by layer around a central axis, which can greatly improve the mechanical properties of the inner layer 3 and create a more solid and flexible composite material.

[0076] Further embodiments, the bio-structure combined biomimetic fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by additive manufacturing or hot pressing forming method. The "additive manufacturing" is a modern manufacturing technology, which refers to the construction of objects by adding materials layer by layer, such as 3D printing; and the "hot pressing forming method" is a traditional processing method, which shapes the material by heating and applying pressure.

[0077] Further, the bio-structure combined biomimetic high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material of the present application can be applied to the fields of aerospace, automobile transportation and military.

[0078] Further, the bio-structure combined biomimetic high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4 The fiber laying of the outer layer 1 adopts the "brick mud" structure of the shell pearl layer, and the fibers are arranged in the length direction with a certain interval. The single-layer fiber prepreg is arranged horizontally, and this laying method can provide high strength for the outer layer 1 and the whole material.

[0079] Further, in the present application, the fiber laying of the intermediate layer 2 adopts the cross-layer structure of the snail shell, and the fibers are arranged according to [+45° / -45°] nsThe fibers of the two adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other, and the laying mode can provide a complex crack propagation path, thereby providing high toughness, high ductility and damage resistance.

[0080] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the fibers of the inner layer 3 are laid in a spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chelae rod, and the orientations of the adjacent fiber layers are rotated by an angle β (5° < β < 45°). The laying mode can improve the resistance to crack initiation and reduce the sensitivity of the composite material to the crack direction.

[0081] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the layers can be integrally formed by hot pressing or 3D printing.

[0082] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 4 The intermediate layer 2 is arranged perpendicularly to the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3.

[0083] Preferably, the high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combination of typical biological structures in the embodiment of the present application has the structure as shown in Figure 4 The fiber laying angle of the intermediate layer 2 is 45°. That is, the fiber laying angle of the intermediate layer 2 relative to the plane of the inner layer 3 is 45°. The fiber laying at an angle of 45° can effectively disperse external loads and enhance the tensile strength and stiffness of the material. Compared with a single-direction laying structure, the oblique laying structure can provide support in multiple directions, thereby increasing the load-carrying capacity of the material. The laying angle of 45° helps to uniformly distribute stress when the material is under stress, thereby reducing stress concentration and improving fatigue resistance and prolonging the service life of the material. Moreover, the laying angle of 45° of the intermediate layer fibers helps to ensure more uniform stress distribution and reduces the risk of cracks or failure caused by stress concentration.

[0084] Preferably, the high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combination of typical biological structures in the embodiment of the present application has the structure as shown in Figure 5 The fiber laying angle of the inner layer 3 can be 30°. That is, the fiber laying between the layers of the inner layer 3 is rotated by 30°. Such a rotation of 30° between the layers can provide better impact resistance, better damage resistance, better impact strength and impact toughness, and better isotropy.

[0085] Preferably, the high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on the combination of typical biological structures in the embodiment of the present application has a size of 50 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm. A standard layer prepreg with a thickness of 200 μm is used. The outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 have 10 layers, and the intermediate layer 2 has 50 layers.

[0086] Further, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the typical biological structure combination biomimetic fiber reinforced composite material, the application also provides a preparation method of the typical biological structure combination biomimetic fiber reinforced composite material, which adopts hot-press forming, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0087] Step one: cutting the fiber prepreg by using a fiber cutting machine, and arranging according to a preset arrangement mode;

[0088] In this step, two key processes are involved: cutting and arranging of fibers. Among them, the cutting of fibers: firstly, the fiber cutting machine can be used to cut the fiber prepreg accurately. The fiber prepreg refers to the fiber material that has been combined with resin and has good forming ability. In this process, the cutting machine can cut the prepreg according to the set size and shape for subsequent arrangement.

[0089] And the arranging according to the preset arrangement mode refers to that the cut fiber prepreg will be arranged according to the preset geometric shape and angle in the design scheme. The arrangement mode usually depends on the performance requirements of the required material, which may include different angles and layers to achieve the best mechanical properties.

[0090] For example, when manufacturing composite wings for high-performance aircraft, the carbon fiber prepreg may need to be cut into a specific shape and then arranged at different angles such as 0°, 45°, and 90°. This multi-angle arrangement design can enhance the strength of the wing while reducing weight to meet the strict requirements of aircraft performance and safety.

[0091] The cutting by using the fiber cutting machine in this step can ensure the size and shape of each piece of fiber material to be consistent, improving the forming precision of the material. This is crucial for the subsequent arrangement process and helps to ensure the overall quality of the composite material. Arranging fibers according to the preset arrangement mode can better meet the mechanical requirements of specific applications, enhance the strength, stiffness, and toughness of the material by reasonably arranging the direction and angle of the fibers. And the automated cutting and arrangement process can significantly improve production efficiency, reduce manual operation, and reduce production costs. At the same time, precise cutting reduces material waste, further improving economic efficiency.

[0092] Step two: encapsulating the arranged fiber prepreg with a vacuum bag to remove excess air and moisture;

[0093] This step is an important link in the composite material manufacturing process, ensuring that the performance of the material reaches the best state. Regarding the vacuum bag encapsulation, specifically, a special vacuum bag is used to encapsulate the arranged fiber prepreg. The bag is usually made of special materials that can withstand negative pressure, effectively isolating the external environment.

[0094] And to remove excess air and moisture, a vacuum bag can be used. The air inside the bag is quickly removed, which not only removes excess air but also reduces the moisture content inside. The removal of moisture is crucial for enhancing the curing effect of the composite material.

[0095] For example, when manufacturing a composite material for a ship hull, the laid glass fiber pre-impregnated material is first placed in a vacuum bag, and then a vacuum pump is used to remove the air inside the bag. This process ensures that there is no air pocket left in the material, thereby improving the density and strength of the material. Finally, after curing, the ship hull will be stronger and lighter, while reducing the possibility of material failure caused by air bubbles.

[0096] In this step, by removing air and moisture, bubbles and impurities can be eliminated, reducing defects and improving the overall strength and performance of the composite material. Without the interference of gas, the resin can penetrate the fibers more uniformly during the curing process, ensuring that every detail is fully combined and improving the overall consistency of the material. It also solves the problem of preventing moisture, which can cause poor curing or a decrease in material performance. Vacuum extraction can significantly reduce this risk and improve the durability and reliability of the final product. In complex molds, vacuum bag packaging technology can well fit the shape of the material, ensuring that every corner is uniformly pressed to improve the quality of the molding.

[0097] Step three: Place the packaged fiber pre-impregnated material into a hot press molding machine, set the temperature and pressure, and perform hot press molding.

[0098] In this step, it is a key link in the manufacturing process of composite materials, and the purpose is to convert the pre-impregnated material into a final product with specific shape and enhanced performance. Among them, the hot press molding machine is a device that can realize material molding by controlling temperature and pressure. It is usually composed of a heating plate, a pressing mechanism and a temperature control system.

[0099] Among them, placing the pre-impregnated material specifically refers to placing the fiber pre-impregnated material that has been packaged by vacuum into the hot press molding machine. This step ensures that the material is in a workable state, ready to accept heating and pressing. And setting the temperature and pressure, you can set the appropriate temperature and pressure according to the material properties of the pre-impregnated material and design requirements. This step is the key to ensuring that the material is fully cured and achieves the best performance.

[0100] Regarding hot press molding, specifically when the temperature reaches the set value, the hot press molding machine begins to apply pressure, causing the resin in the pre-impregnated material to melt and penetrate and surround the fibers, and then complete the curing under controlled temperature and pressure.

[0101] For example, in the manufacturing of automotive parts, the prepared carbon fiber prepreg is first loaded into a hot press molding machine, with a temperature setting of 180°C and a pressure of 5 megapascals. Under these conditions, the resin in the prepreg quickly melts and flows, fully filling the fiber gaps, and then solidifies in this environment. Finally, a solid and lightweight automotive part is formed, meeting strict performance requirements.

[0102] As can be seen, in this step, hot pressing makes the fibers and resin more closely combined, greatly improving the strength, rigidity and toughness of the composite material. By controlling temperature and pressure, hot pressing can ensure the shape and specifications of each part are consistent, thereby improving the quality stability of batch production. And the precise molding process reduces material waste and improves economic benefits, especially suitable for the production of high-performance composite materials. Moreover, hot pressing can shorten the curing time and improve production efficiency, enabling enterprises to meet market demand for fast delivery.

[0103] In summary, in this step, the packaged fiber prepreg is placed in a hot press molding machine for temperature and pressure setting, which can effectively improve the performance and production efficiency of the composite material, making the final product more in line with industry standards and customer needs.

[0104] Step Four: Cutting and polishing the molded fiber-reinforced composite material as needed.

[0105] In this embodiment, cutting and polishing the molded fiber-reinforced composite material is a very important step in the final stage of composite material manufacturing. This process not only aims to obtain the required size and shape, but also improves the surface finish and overall performance of the material. Specifically, it mainly includes the following aspects:

[0106] Cutting: The molded composite material needs to be cut into specific sizes or shapes to meet the requirements of subsequent assembly or application. Cutting can be done using mechanical tools such as saw blades, laser cutters or water jets, etc., to ensure precision and efficiency.

[0107] Polishing: After cutting, the edges of the material may be rough, which requires polishing. Polishing can be done using sandpaper, electric polishers, etc., to smooth the surface, remove burrs, and prepare for subsequent coating or bonding processes.

[0108] For example, consider a composite material component in the aerospace industry. Suppose the outer structure of an airplane wing needs to be made using carbon fiber composite materials. After hot pressing, the preliminary shape of the wing may be slightly larger than required. At this time, a laser cutting machine is used to accurately cut off the excess part to meet the size of the design drawing. Then, in order to ensure that the wing surface is smooth and flawless, it is polished using fine sandpaper and an electric polisher to achieve the best aerodynamic performance and visual effect.

[0109] As can be seen, in this step, cutting and polishing can ensure that the component meets the design specifications, avoiding subsequent assembly difficulties or functional disorders caused by size incompatibility. Polishing can remove burrs and irregular surfaces left over from the cutting process, improving smoothness and thus enhancing the wear resistance and aesthetics of the material during use. The polished surface is easier to combine with adhesives or coatings, which is particularly important in composite material joint and coating applications, and can improve the stability of the overall structure. The smooth effect brought by surface treatment can reduce air or fluid resistance, helping to improve the performance of the material in specific applications, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.

[0110] In summary, through cutting and polishing, composite material components can quickly adapt to different application scenarios, making the product more flexible and competitive in the market; cutting and polishing are not just steps in process management, but also important links to ensure the performance and adaptability of composite materials, laying a solid foundation for the final use of the product.

[0111] Embodiment 2, the preparation method of a typical biological structure combined bionic fiber reinforced composite material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0112] (1) First, obtain a numerical model file from a three-dimensional modeling software, and then process the numerical model file using a slicing software;

[0113] In this step, a three-dimensional modeling software (such as SolidWorks or Fusion 360) can be used to create a numerical model file, which is a digital representation of the object. Then, a slicing software (such as Cura or Simplify3D) is used to process the numerical model file, converting it into instructions (G-code) that can be recognized by a 3D printer. These instructions include printing path, layer height, and other information.

[0114] For example, a user designs a carbon fiber reinforced aircraft fuselage, and after creating it, uses a slicing software to convert it into G-code for printing.

[0115] This approach provides great flexibility, allowing users to achieve complex geometric shapes and personalized requirements during the design phase.

[0116] (2) Put the continuous carbon fiber and the epoxy resin printing wire into the FDM type 3D printer;

[0117] In this step, at this stage, the continuous carbon fiber (this material usually has high strength and rigidity) is mixed with the epoxy resin to make a printing wire. The user needs to put this wire into the FDM type 3D printer.

[0118] For example, the user prepares a roll of wire mixed with carbon fiber and epoxy resin for the printer to use.

[0119] This combination of materials can improve the mechanical properties of the final product, so that the printed small parts can withstand higher force and pressure.

[0120] (3) During printing, the continuous carbon fiber is coated with molten resin and extruded from the printing nozzle onto the printing platform;

[0121] In this embodiment, during printing, the printer mixes the molten epoxy resin with the continuous carbon fiber and extrudes it from the nozzle. The carbon fiber is coated with molten resin during this process, so that the material can form a solid composite structure after solidification.

[0122] For example, when printing an aircraft fuselage, the nozzle will alternately extrude resin and carbon fiber, so that each layer printed has excellent load-bearing capacity.

[0123] This printing method can realize the layer-by-layer stacking of materials, so that the final product is not only lightweight, but also has excellent structural strength, which has obvious advantages compared with traditional manufacturing methods;

[0124] (4) Post-processing includes deburring, polishing, etc.

[0125] In this embodiment, after printing is completed, post-processing such as deburring and polishing during printing is often required. This step helps to improve the appearance and precision of the product.

[0126] For example: After printing is completed, the user can use sandpaper to polish the surface of the aircraft fuselage to make it smooth and remove excess material.

[0127] In the embodiment of the present application, post-processing can improve the use performance of the product, improve its aesthetic degree, and ensure that the product can play a better function in actual application.

[0128] As can be seen, through the above steps, the continuous carbon fiber composite material printed by using the FDM technology can not only easily realize the design of a complex shape, but also significantly enhance the strength and toughness of the product, meeting the demand of modern industry for high-performance lightweight materials. The flexibility and efficiency of this method make it more and more widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, etc.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, the high-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics adopts but is not limited to carbon fibers, glass fibers and aramid fibers, etc.

[0130] The high-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics in the embodiment of the present application is inspired by the cross-layer structure of a snail shell, and its macroscopic layer is composed of three layers of inner, outer and intermediate layers. The fiber laying of the outer layer "brick mud" structure of the high-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics can provide high strength to the outer layer and the overall material; the fiber laying of the cross structure of the intermediate layer can provide a complex crack propagation path, thereby providing high toughness, high ductility and damage resistance; the fiber laying of the spiral structure of the inner layer can improve the resistance to crack initiation and reduce the sensitivity of the composite material to crack direction. The high-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics in the embodiment has excellent mechanical properties and has broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, rail transportation, building, etc.

[0131] As can be seen from the above, the present application discloses a high-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics, which comprises an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer. The fiber laying of the outer layer imitates the "brick mud" structure of the pearl layer of a shell. The fiber laying of the intermediate layer imitates the cross-layer structure of a snail shell. The fiber laying of the inner layer imitates the spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod. According to the stress state difference of the fiber-reinforced composite material at different positions during the stress process, the excellent natural structures such as shells, snail shells and mantis shrimp chela rods are combined and bionized, so as to effectively improve the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite material, and the customized regional design endows the fiber-reinforced composite material with the ability to adapt to complex and harsh environments.

[0132] It should be understood that the application of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes according to the above description, and all these improvements and changes shall belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-stiffness and toughness fiber-reinforced composite based on bio-structure combined bionics, characterized in that, The application relates to a high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof. The component body is a cross-layer structure of a bionic conch shell; The component body comprises an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer arranged in sequence, and the intermediate layer is arranged perpendicularly to the outer layer and the inner layer; The fiber arrangement mode of the outer layer imitates the brick clay structure of a shell pearl layer; In the brick clay structure of the shell pearl layer, the fibers are arranged in the length direction at intervals, and the single-layer fiber prepreg is arranged horizontally; The fiber arrangement mode of the intermediate layer imitates the cross-layer structure of a conch shell; The intermediate layer is arranged in the mode of [+45 DEG / -45 DEG] ns, and the fibers of the adjacent two layers are perpendicular to each other; +45 DEG represents that one layer of fibers is arranged in the direction of 45 degrees to the reference direction of the material; -45 DEG represents that the next layer of fibers is arranged in the direction of -45 degrees to the reference direction of the material; Ns represents the number of layers of the alternate arrangement; The fibers of the adjacent two layers being perpendicular to each other represents that the fiber direction of each layer is perpendicular to the fiber direction of the adjacent layer; The fiber arrangement mode of the inner layer imitates the spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod, and the orientation of the adjacent fiber layers is rotated by an angle beta, wherein 5 DEG < beta < 45 DEG; The overall size of the high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material is 50 mm*10 mm*10 mm; 200 mu m fiber prepregs are adopted; the number of layers of the outer layer and the inner layer is 10, and the number of layers of the intermediate layer is 50.

2. The high strength toughened fiber reinforced composite based on bio- inspired composites biomimicry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner layer is arranged in the spiral angle of 5 DEG < beta < 30 DEG, and is arranged in a direction from 0 DEG layer by layer around the rotation axis perpendicular to the inner layer and passing through the center of the inner layer.

3. The high strength toughened fiber reinforced composite based on bio- inspired composites biomimicry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber arrangement angle of the intermediate layer is 45 DEG; The fiber arrangement angle of the inner layer is 30 DEG.

4. The high strength toughened fiber reinforced composite based on bio- inspired composites biomimicry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material is prepared by additive manufacturing or hot pressing forming.

5. A method for producing a high-stiffness and high-toughness fiber-reinforced composite material based on a combination of biomimicry of biological structures according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The application further discloses a preparation method of the high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material. S1, a fiber cutting machine is used to cut fiber prepregs and arrange the fiber prepregs in a preset arrangement mode; S2, the arranged fiber prepregs are packaged by a vacuum bag to remove excess air and moisture; S3, the packaged fiber prepregs are placed in a hot pressing forming machine, temperature and pressure are set, and hot pressing forming is carried out; S4, the fiber reinforced composite material after forming is cut and polished according to needs.

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