A treatment system and method for unlimitedly increasing the concentration factor of circulating cooling water

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a treatment system and method for infinitely improving the concentration multiple of circulating cooling water. The treatment system comprises an indirect cooling part, a shunt treatment part and a sludge treatment part. The whole system has no water discharge, the concentration multiple of the system is infinitely improved, and finally part of the water and part of the salt are taken away by the sludge discharge, so as to form a salt balance. Through a series of measures, the problems of corrosion, scaling, microorganisms and algae in the spray water system are solved, so that the system can be used stably and circularly, water is saved, concentrated salt water is consumed, and the problem of concentrated salt water treatment is solved. The present application closely follows the circular economy, realizes the resource utilization of concentrated salt water, saves water and reduces pollution, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment technology, specifically to a treatment system and method for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water. Background Technology

[0002] Increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water helps save fresh water, but it also leads to the accumulation of salt, hardness, and chloride ions in the water. This can cause side effects such as corrosion, scaling, sludge deposition, and reduced heat exchange efficiency in heat exchange equipment and pipelines. Furthermore, the proliferation of microorganisms and algae can result in biofilm formation, leading to microbial corrosion and clogging of pipes and heat exchange equipment. The treatment of concentrated brine produced by membrane water treatment processes has always been a challenge.

[0003] Currently, many companies send concentrated brine to users with low water quality requirements, such as the metallurgical industry, to flush blast furnace slag. Although this consumes some of the concentrated brine, the high salt content affects the quality of the blast furnace slag, making it difficult to reuse as building materials. Chloride ions are highly corrosive to slag flushing equipment, and scaling can cause slag caking. Some companies further treat the concentrated brine by separating and crystallizing the salts, ultimately producing byproducts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. However, the utilization rate of these products is low, sales are difficult, and some hazardous waste is generated that requires treatment. The investment and operating costs for salt separation are extremely high, making it difficult for companies to afford. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a treatment system and method for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, which can infinitely increase the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, which is beneficial to saving fresh water and can consume concentrated brine, making the disposal of concentrated brine no longer a problem, and saving a lot of investment and operating costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0006] A treatment system for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water includes an indirect cooling section, a diversion treatment section, and a sludge treatment section. The indirect cooling section includes a cooling water tank, a user terminal, and a cooler connected by pipes. The cooler includes cooler coils and a cooler water collection tray, which is connected to a spray water supply device. The diversion treatment section includes a chiller, an electrochemical descaling device, a sedimentation device, an intermediate water tank, a filter, and a filter backwashing and regulating tank. The chiller, cooler water collection tray, electrochemical descaling device, sedimentation device, intermediate water tank, filter, and filter backwashing and regulating tank are connected by pipes. The sludge treatment section includes a chemical dosing device, a sludge dewatering device, a sludge regulating tank, a sludge thickening device, and a sedimentation and sludge discharge tank. The chemical dosing device, sludge dewatering device, sludge regulating tank, sludge thickening device, sedimentation and sludge discharge tank, and sedimentation device are connected by pipes.

[0007] Furthermore, the cooler is a corrosion-resistant, sealed cooler. The parts in contact with concentrated brine are made of corrosion-resistant materials, including but not limited to duplex steel, hot-dip galvanized steel, or titanium.

[0008] Furthermore, the sedimentation device is a high-density sedimentation tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the filter is a sand filter or a fiber ball filter.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a pH adjustment device, which is connected to the cooler water collection pan and the spray water supply device pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a cooling water supply pump and a cooler spray pump; the cooling water supply pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the cooling water tank and the user end, and the cooler spray pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the cooler water collection pan and the electrochemical descaling device; it also includes a filter supply pump and a filter backwash drainage pump; the filter supply pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the filter and the intermediate water tank, and the filter backwash drainage pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the filter backwash equalization tank and the electrochemical descaling device; it also includes a sludge lift pump and a sludge lift pump; the sludge lift pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the sedimentation sludge discharge tank and the sludge thickening device, and the sludge lift pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the sludge dewatering device and the sludge equalization tank.

[0012] A method for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, based on the above system, specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] 1. The water in the cooling water tank is supplied to the user end. After use, the water temperature rises and is sent to the cooler for cooling, and then sent back to the cooling water tank for recycling.

[0014] 2. The water supply for the spray water supply device is concentrated brine. Part of it is used for cooling the cooler coils, and part of it is diverted and sent to the electrochemical descaling device.

[0015] 3. The electrochemical descaling device precipitates hardness in the water as soft scale, which is then sent to a sedimentation device for sedimentation treatment. After treatment, it enters an intermediate water tank and is then sent to a filter to further remove suspended solids.

[0016] 4. After the filter backwash water enters the filter backwash equalization tank for water volume adjustment, it is sent to the sedimentation device for treatment.

[0017] 5. The water from the filter enters the chiller for cooling, and after cooling, it returns to the cooler's water collection tray for reuse.

[0018] 6. The pH adjustment device adds acid to the spray water system;

[0019] 7. The sludge from the sedimentation device is discharged into the sedimentation and sludge discharge tank, and then sent to the sludge thickening device for further thickening.

[0020] 8. The sludge thickening device discharges sludge to the sludge equalization tank, and sends the sludge to the sludge dewatering device for dewatering. The dried sludge is transported off-site for treatment, and the supernatant and effluent from the sludge thickening device are returned to the sedimentation tank for treatment and reuse.

[0021] 9. The dosing device adds flocculant to the sludge dewatering device.

[0022] Furthermore, in steps 1) and 2), the circulating cooling water adopts an indirect cooling method. The circulating cooling water supplied to the user end in the cooler coil is soft water or fresh water, and the spray water used for cooling outside the cooler coil is concentrated brine. The two are set up separately.

[0023] Furthermore, the concentration factor of the concentrated brine is continuously increased, and it is concentrated indefinitely until a conductivity of 300,000 μS / cm is achieved to form a salt balance.

[0024] Furthermore, 5% to 10% of the water from the spray water supply device is taken for descaling, sedimentation, filtration, and refrigeration treatment, and then returned to the spray water supply device.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0026] 1. By supplementing the circulating water system with concentrated brine as makeup water for the cooler spray water, the concentration ratio of the spray water can be infinitely increased. This allows for research into corrosion, scaling, and sludge sedimentation issues only at the closed cooler end of the circulating water treatment system, preventing such problems from occurring at the user end and reducing the scope of risk. Part of the spray water is diverted for treatment, removing hardness and suspended solids from the spray water system. Simultaneously, pH adjustment controls scaling. The conductivity of the spray water is controlled at approximately 300,000 μS / cm to prevent microbial growth and the formation of slime, as well as microbial corrosion of equipment. Sludge treatment ultimately produces water-containing sludge, and the sludge discharge carries away some salt, achieving salt balance.

[0027] The entire system has no external drainage, and the concentration ratio can be increased infinitely. Ultimately, some water is removed through system sludge discharge, while some salt is carried away, achieving a salt balance. By implementing a series of measures to solve problems such as corrosion, scaling, and microbial algae growth in the spray water system, the system can be used stably in a circular manner, saving water while consuming concentrated brine and solving the problem of concentrated brine treatment. This invention closely adheres to the circular economy, realizing the resource utilization of concentrated brine, saving water and reducing pollution, and achieving significant economic and social benefits.

[0028] 2. This invention uses a corrosion-resistant sealed cooler, which can prevent corrosion from chloride ions and other substances. When the concentration of chloride ions reaches a certain level, the corrosion efficiency decreases, which can effectively reduce corrosion.

[0029] 3. This invention employs electrochemical descaling. Under the influence of an electric current, the diverted spray water creates an alkaline environment near the cathode, increasing the pH and enriching hydroxide and carbonate ions. When calcium and magnesium ions pass through this area, precipitates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide are formed. These precipitates are adsorbed onto the cathode plate or suspended in the water. Under the influence of the electric field, they interfere with the crystallization process of CaCO3, causing lattice distortion and resulting in irregular aragonite crystals—this is the effect of lattice distortion. Lattice distortion transforms the scale into amorphous soft scale. This type of scale is less prone to crystal growth, contains numerous voids, and has poor adhesion, making it easily washed away by the water flow and discharged with wastewater. This inhibits the formation of dense, hard scale (calcite structure). Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and process principle of the indirect cooling part of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and process principle of the diversion processing part of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sludge treatment section and a process principle diagram of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1-Cooling water tank; 2-Cooling water supply pump; 3-User end; 4-Closed cooler; 5-Cooler coil; 6-Cooler water collection tray; 7-Cooler spray pump; 8-Spray water replenishment device; 9-Electrochemical descaling device; 10-Sedimentation device; 11-Intermediate water tank; 12-Filter supply pump; 13-Filter; 14-Chiller; 15-Filter backwash equalization tank; 16-Filter backwash drainage pump; 17-pH adjustment device; 18-Sedimentation and sludge discharge tank; 19-Sludge lift pump; 20-Sludge thickening device; 21-Sludge equalization tank; 22-Sludge lift pump; 23-Sludge dewatering device; 24-Dosing device. Detailed Implementation

[0034] This invention discloses a treatment system and method for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this document and appropriately modify the process parameters to achieve the desired result. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in this invention. The methods and applications of this invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can clearly modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of this invention to realize and apply the technology of this invention.

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0036] A treatment system for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water includes an indirect cooling section, a diversion treatment section, and a sludge treatment section.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the indirect cooling section includes a cooling water tank 1, a cooling water supply pump 2, a user end 3, and a closed-circuit cooler 4. The closed-circuit cooler 4 is a corrosion-resistant closed-circuit cooler; the parts in contact with concentrated brine are made of corrosion-resistant materials, including but not limited to duplex steel, hot-dip galvanized steel, or titanium, primarily to prevent corrosion from chloride ions. Simultaneously, other equipment materials in contact with the spray water must also be made of corrosion-resistant materials or undergo anti-corrosion treatment. When the chloride ion concentration reaches a certain level, the corrosion efficiency decreases, effectively mitigating corrosion. The closed-circuit cooler 4 includes cooler coils 5 and a cooler water collection tray 6.

[0038] The outlet of cooling water tank 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of cooling water supply pump 2. The outlet of cooling water supply pump 2 is connected to the inlet pipe of user terminal 3. The outlet of user terminal 3 is connected to the pipe of cooler coil 5. Cooler coil 5 is connected to the inlet pipe of cooling water tank 1. Spray water makeup device 8 is connected to cooler water collection pan 6. The outlet of cooler water collection pan 6 is connected to the inlet pipe of cooler spray pump 7. The outlet of cooler spray pump 7 is connected to cooler coil 5 and electrochemical descaling device 9 through pipes.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the diversion treatment section includes a chiller 14, an electrochemical descaling device 9, a sedimentation device 10, an intermediate water tank 11, a filter supply pump 12, a filter 13, a filter backwashing and equalization tank 15, a filter backwashing and drainage pump 16, and a pH adjustment device 17. The sedimentation device 10 is a high-density sedimentation tank. The filter 13 is a sand filter or a fiber ball filter.

[0040] The outlet of filter 13 is connected to the inlet pipe of chiller 14, and the outlet of chiller 14 is connected to the pipe of cooler collection pan 6. The outlet of filter 13 is connected to the inlet pipe of filter backwash equalization tank 15, and the outlet of filter backwash equalization tank 15 is connected to the inlet pipe of filter backwash drain pump 16. The outlet of filter backwash drain pump 16 is connected to the inlet pipes of electrochemical descaling device 9 and sedimentation device 10, respectively. The outlet of sedimentation device 10 is connected to the inlet pipe of intermediate water tank 11, and the outlet of intermediate water tank 11 is connected to the inlet pipe of filter water supply pump 12. The outlet of filter water supply pump 12 is connected to the inlet pipe of filter 13. pH adjustment device 17 is connected to the pipes of cooler collection pan 6 and spray water supply device 8.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the sludge treatment section includes a dosing device 24, a sludge dewatering device 23, a sludge lift pump 22, a sludge equalization tank 21, a sludge thickening device 20, a sludge-water lift pump 19, and a sedimentation and sludge discharge tank 18.

[0042] The dosing device 24 is connected to the sludge dewatering device 23 via a pipeline. The outlet of the sludge dewatering device 23 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sedimentation device 10. The outlet of the sedimentation device 10 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sedimentation sludge discharge tank 18. The outlet of the sedimentation sludge discharge tank 18 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sludge lift pump 19. The outlet of the sludge lift pump 19 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sludge thickening device 20. The outlet of the sludge thickening device 20 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sludge equalization tank 21. The outlet of the sludge equalization tank 21 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sludge lift pump 22. The outlet of the sludge lift pump 22 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the sludge dewatering device 23.

[0043] This invention's circulating cooling water system employs indirect cooling, utilizing a corrosion-resistant, sealed cooler for temperature reduction. The spray cooling water (cooling medium water) for the sealed cooler is replenished with concentrated brine, or other types of water, continuously increasing the concentration ratio of the spray water (infinite concentration) until a conductivity of approximately 300,000 μS / cm is achieved, thus reaching salt equilibrium. Diversion treatment removes the continuously concentrated hardness and suspended solids from the spray water system. A chiller 14 lowers the temperature of some of the spray water to mitigate the problem of high cooling water temperature in summer. The scale and sludge with high water content generated from the spray water diversion treatment are concentrated and dehydrated, with the resulting supernatant returned to the spray water system. The dehydrated sludge, containing some water, carries away some salt from the system, thus achieving salt equilibrium in the spray water system.

[0044] The cooling coil 5 contains circulating cooling water for the user end, which can be made up using soft water or fresh water of good quality. The external spray water for the cooling coil 5 is concentrated brine or other water sources. The spray water system removes some water through evaporation, splashing, and discharge of scale-laden sludge, without any sewage discharge or other outflows, allowing the spray water to continuously concentrate until a balance of water volume and salinity is achieved. As the concentration ratio of the spray water system increases, scaling will become more severe, requiring diversion treatment to remove hardness and suspended solids. Because the spray water system operates in a very high salinity environment, microorganisms and algae cannot survive, eliminating the need for the addition of bactericides and algaecides.

[0045] Indirect cooling uses concentrated brine as spray water, separate from the cooling water in the cooler coil 5, to prevent the spray water from corroding the heat exchange equipment at the user end. Diversion treatment involves taking 5-10% of the spray water for descaling, sedimentation, filtration, and refrigeration (considering as needed), and then returning it to the spray water system to prevent scale formation, reduce suspended solids content, and lower the spray water temperature.

[0046] The descaling process employs electrochemical methods. Under the influence of an electric current, the diverted spray water creates an alkaline environment near the cathode, increasing the pH and enriching hydroxide and carbonate ions. When calcium and magnesium ions pass through this area, they form precipitates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. These precipitates are adsorbed onto the cathode plate or suspended in the water. Under the influence of the electric field, they interfere with the crystallization process of CaCO3, causing lattice distortion and resulting in irregular aragonite crystals—this is the effect of lattice distortion. Lattice distortion transforms the scale into amorphous soft scale. This type of scale is less likely to crystallize and has numerous voids within the scale layer, resulting in poor adhesion and easy flushing away with wastewater. This inhibits the formation of dense, hard scale (calcite structure).

[0047] Sedimentation can be achieved using high-density sedimentation tanks or other sedimentation facilities. The effluent then undergoes filtration, while the settled sludge is sent to a sludge treatment system. Filtration can utilize sand or fiber ball filters. The effluent proceeds to the next stage of treatment, and backwash wastewater is collected and evenly distributed back to the upstream sedimentation facility. Cooling is achieved using a chiller 14, with the treated water temperature set according to summer water temperature and user requirements. Sludge treatment involves collecting the settled sludge and evenly distributing it to a sludge thickening device 20. After thickening, the sludge is sent to a sludge dewatering device 23 for dewatering. Both the effluent from sludge thickening and the supernatant from sludge dewatering are returned to the separate sedimentation device 10 for further treatment before being reused in the spray water system.

[0048] A method for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, based on the above system, specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] 1. The circulating cooling water supply pump 2 draws water from the cooling water tank 1 and supplies it to the user end 3. After use, the water temperature rises and returns to the closed cooler 4 for cooling before entering the cooling water tank 1 for reuse. During this process, the circulating cooling water does not come into contact with the outside, which can effectively maintain the water quality.

[0050] 2. The spray water replenishment device 8 in the closed cooler 4 replenishes water with concentrated brine or the like according to the liquid level in the cooler water collection pan 6. The water is then pumped up by the cooler spray pump 7. Part of the water is used to cool the cooler coil 5, and the rest is diverted and sent to the electrochemical descaling device 9 for further treatment.

[0051] 3. After the hardness in the water is precipitated as soft scale by the electrochemical descaling device 9, it enters the sedimentation device 10 for sedimentation treatment. After treatment, it enters the intermediate water tank 11 and is then pressurized by the filter water supply pump 12 and sent to the filter 13 for further removal of suspended solids.

[0052] 4. The backwash drainage of filter 13 enters the filter backwash regulating tank 15 for water volume adjustment, and is then evenly sent to the sedimentation device 10 for treatment by the filter backwash drainage pump 16.

[0053] 5. Water from filter 13 enters chiller 14 for cooling, and after cooling, it returns to cooler water collection tray 6 for recycling.

[0054] 6. The pH adjustment device 17 adds acid to the spray water system, making the spray water system acidic and making it difficult for the water hardness to form scale.

[0055] 7. The sludge from the sedimentation device 10 is discharged into the sedimentation and sludge discharge tank 18, and then sent to the sludge thickening device 20 for further thickening via the sludge lift pump 19.

[0056] 8. The sludge thickening device 20 discharges sludge to the sludge equalization tank 21, and then sends it to the sludge dewatering device 23 for dewatering via the sludge lifting pump 22. The dried sludge is transported off-site for treatment, and the supernatant and effluent from the sludge thickening device are returned to the sedimentation tank for treatment and reuse.

[0057] 9. The dosing device 24 adds flocculant to the sludge treatment system.

[0058] The entire system has no external drainage, and the concentration ratio can be increased infinitely. Ultimately, some water is removed through system sludge discharge, while some salt is carried away, achieving a salt balance. By implementing a series of measures to solve problems such as corrosion, scaling, and microbial algae growth in the spray water system, the system can be used stably in a circular manner, saving water while consuming concentrated brine and solving the problem of concentrated brine treatment. This invention closely adheres to the circular economy, realizing the resource utilization of concentrated brine, saving water and reducing pollution, and achieving significant economic and social benefits.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A treatment system for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, characterized in that, It includes an indirect cooling section, a diversion treatment section, and a sludge treatment section; The indirect cooling section includes a cooling water tank, a user terminal and a cooler connected by pipes. The cooler includes a cooler coil and a cooler water collection tray, and the cooler water collection tray is connected to a spray water supply device. The diversion treatment section includes a chiller, an electrochemical descaling device, a sedimentation device, an intermediate water tank, a filter and a filter backwashing and regulating tank. The chiller, cooler water collection tray, electrochemical descaling device, sedimentation device, intermediate water tank, filter and filter backwashing and regulating tank are connected by pipelines. The sludge treatment section includes a dosing device, a sludge dewatering device, a sludge equalization tank, a sludge thickening device, and a sedimentation and sludge discharge tank. The dosing device, sludge dewatering device, sludge equalization tank, sludge thickening device, sedimentation and sludge discharge tank, and sedimentation device are connected by pipelines. The sedimentation device is a high-density sedimentation tank; The filter is a sand filter or a fiber ball filter; It also includes a pH adjustment device, which is connected to the cooler water collection pan and the spray water supply device pipeline; It also includes a cooling water supply pump and a cooler spray pump; the cooling water supply pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the cooling water pool and the user end, and the cooler spray pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the cooler water collection pan and the electrochemical descaling device. It also includes a filter water supply pump and a filter backwash drainage pump; the filter water supply pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the filter and the intermediate water tank, and the filter backwash drainage pump is installed on the pipeline connecting the filter backwash conditioning tank and the electrochemical descaling device. It also includes sludge lift pumps and sludge lift pumps; the sludge lift pumps are installed on the pipeline connecting the sedimentation and sludge discharge tank and the sludge thickening device, and the sludge lift pumps are installed on the pipeline connecting the sludge dewatering device and the sludge equalization tank.

2. The treatment system for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooler is a corrosion-resistant, sealed cooler, and the part in contact with concentrated brine is made of duplex steel, hot-dip aluminum steel, or titanium.

3. A method for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, implemented based on the treatment system for infinitely increasing the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: 1) The water in the cooling water tank is supplied to the user end. After use, the water temperature rises and is sent to the cooler to cool down. Then it is sent back to the cooling water tank for recycling. 2) The makeup water for the spray water supply device is concentrated brine. Part of it is used for cooling the cooler coils, and part of it is diverted and sent to the electrochemical descaling device. 3) The electrochemical descaling device precipitates hardness in the water as soft scale, which is then sent to a sedimentation device for sedimentation treatment. After treatment, it enters an intermediate water tank and is then sent to a filter to further remove suspended solids. 4) After the filter backwash water enters the filter backwash equalization tank for water volume adjustment, it is sent to the sedimentation device for treatment; 5) The water from the filter enters the chiller for cooling, and after cooling, it returns to the cooler's water collection tray for reuse; 6) The pH adjustment device adds acid to the spray water system; 7) The sludge from the sedimentation unit is discharged into the sedimentation and sludge discharge tank, and then sent to the sludge thickening unit for further thickening. 8) The sludge thickening device discharges sludge to the sludge equalization tank, and sends the sludge to the sludge dewatering device for dewatering. The dried sludge is transported off-site for treatment, and the supernatant and effluent from the sludge thickening device are returned to the sedimentation tank for treatment and reuse. 9) The dosing device adds flocculant to the sludge dewatering device; In steps 1) and 2), the circulating cooling water adopts an indirect cooling method. The circulating cooling water supplied to the user end in the cooler coil is soft water or fresh water, while the spray water used for cooling outside the cooler coil is concentrated brine. The two are set up separately. The concentration ratio of the concentrated brine is continuously increased and infinitely concentrated until the conductivity reaches 300,000 μS / cm to form a salt balance. 5% to 10% of the makeup water from the spray water device is taken for descaling, sedimentation, filtration, and refrigeration treatment, and then sent back to the spray water device.

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