In-situ test system and test method for impact resistance of anchoring body structure

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor body structure impact resistance in-situ test system and method, the system comprises an anchor rod, a coal rock mass and a counter-force steel frame, the anchor rod is fixed in the coal rock mass through a tray and an anchor rod nut, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the counter-force steel frame, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled through oil supply pushing of a hydraulic device; the end, away from the coal rock mass, of the anchor rod is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a screwing head, the screwing head comprises a metal shell, an anchor rod clamp and a piston rod clamp, the anchor rod clamp and the piston rod clamp are located on the two sides in the metal shell, and a load sensor is arranged between the anchor rod clamp and the piston rod clamp. A base plate located on the side, close to the anchor rod, of the anchor rod clamp is installed on the metal shell, a displacement sensor is arranged in the base plate and connected with a hydraulic device, and a connector is arranged at the end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The dynamic response of the anchor rod in an actual engineering environment is simulated, and the impact resistance of the anchor rod is tested in situ.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of safety and protection of deep underground engineering structures, and in particular to an in-situ testing system and test method for the impact resistance of anchor structures. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development and utilization of underground space by humans, the safety and protection issues of deep underground engineering structures have become increasingly prominent. Many underground engineering structures, represented by mines and tunnels, not only bear huge external forces in underground environments with complex geological conditions, but may also face the impact of sudden events such as external impacts and explosions. Therefore, ensuring the safety and stability of these engineering structures is of great significance to protecting people's lives and property and the long-term stable operation of the project.

[0003] Anchor support technology plays a vital role in underground structures. By implanting high-strength anchors in rock and soil, it can not only effectively improve the tensile and compressive resistance of the surrounding rock, but also form a stable composite through the friction and adhesion between the anchors and the surrounding rock, ensuring the safety and stability of underground structures under complex geological conditions and external dynamic loads, and providing a solid technical guarantee for the safe development and utilization of underground space.

[0004] Related technologies can refer to the Chinese patent with announcement number CN110286029B, which discloses an anchor pulling experimental device and system, including a clamping plate and a top pressure plate arranged at intervals, the edge of the clamping plate is connected to the edge of the top pressure plate by multiple connecting rods; a clamping rod is provided in the middle of the clamping plate, and the clamping rod extends in the direction away from the top pressure plate; a through hole is provided in the middle of the top pressure plate; and a centering fixer is provided on the connecting rod.

[0005] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, although traditional anchor pull-out test methods play an important role in evaluating the anchoring force of anchors, they are usually unable to simultaneously achieve accurate high-stress rapid dynamic pull-out detection in situ. In actual underground projects, the true performance of anchors when subjected to mine tremors, explosions or other dynamic loads is difficult to be accurately evaluated, and existing technologies often cannot fully reflect the dynamic response of anchors in actual engineering environments. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to simulate the dynamic response of the anchor rod in the actual engineering environment and perform in-situ testing on the impact resistance of the anchor rod, the present application provides an in-situ testing system and test method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides an in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, which adopts the following technical solution: An in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, comprising an anchor rod fixed in a coal rock body, and a reaction steel frame, wherein a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the reaction steel frame, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is pushed and controlled by oil supply of a hydraulic device, and an end of the anchor rod away from the coal rock body is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a screwing head, and the screwing head comprises a metal shell, an anchor rod clamp and a piston rod clamp, and the anchor rod clamp and the piston rod clamp are located on both sides of the inside of the metal shell, and a load sensor is arranged between the anchor rod clamp and the piston rod clamp, and a pad close to one side of the anchor rod is installed on the metal shell, and a displacement sensor is arranged in the pad, and the displacement sensor is connected to the hydraulic device, and a connecting head is arranged at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod clamp is connected to the connecting head, and the anchor rod clamp is connected to the anchor rod.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the anchor rod clamp built into one end of the tightening head is fixedly connected to the anchor rod, and the piston rod clamp built into the other end of the tightening head is fixedly connected to the connecting head at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to work by a hydraulic device, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder contracts. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder applies a pulling force to the anchor rod through the tightening head, so as to realize dynamic pulling of the anchor body in situ at a constant rate, simulate the dynamic response of the anchor rod in the actual engineering environment, and conduct in-situ testing on the impact resistance of the anchor rod. During the test, the load sensor and displacement sensor installed in the tightening head synchronously collect data in the pulling process, and feed back to the servo controller through wired transmission and store it in the computer. The computer outputs a correction signal to realize servo control of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder, so that the anchor rod is in a stable loading state.

[0009] Optionally, the reaction steel frame includes a base, a connecting frame and two bottom brackets, the base is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting frame, the two bottom brackets are fixedly mounted on a side of the connecting frame close to the coal rock body, and the two bottom brackets are in contact with the coal rock body.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the base and the bottom support on the reaction steel frame fit with the coal rock mass, and the reaction steel frame is fixed to the coal rock mass through the bottom support and the base. During dynamic loading, the bottom support and the base support the reaction steel frame, thereby improving the stability of the reaction steel frame during the test, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement data during the test.

[0011] Optionally, a sleeve is provided on the connecting frame, and the sleeve can slide up and down along the connecting frame. The sleeve is provided with a fixing plate for installing the hydraulic cylinder, and the fixing plate and the sleeve are integrally formed. The upper and lower ends of the sleeve are provided with fixing buckles for detachable connection with the connecting frame, and the fixing buckle is provided with a lever for controlling the opening and closing of the fixing buckle.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, after the fixed plate on the reaction steel frame is moved to the appropriate position of the connecting frame through the sleeve, the levers on the two fixing buckles are pressed to adjust the position of the fixed plate, and the fixed plate and the hydraulic cylinder are connected by bolts, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the height position of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] Optionally, the hydraulic device includes an oil tank, a hydraulic pump, an oil inlet channel, an oil outlet channel and an electromagnetic reversing valve, the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel are both connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve, the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the hydraulic cylinder port through two oil pipes, the hydraulic pump is connected to a servo controller, the servo controller is connected to a displacement sensor, and an accumulator and an overflow valve are provided on the oil inlet channel.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the hydraulic pump is controlled to work by the servo controller, and the servo controller controls the hydraulic pump and the accumulator to control the oil inlet amount of the hydraulic cylinder through the oil inlet channel.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present application provides an in-situ test method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, using the above-mentioned in-situ test system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, comprising the following steps: S1. Fix the reaction steel frame on the coal rock mass, and fix the hydraulic cylinder on the reaction steel frame; S2, the anchor rod clamp built into one end of the tightening head is fixedly connected to the anchor rod, and the piston rod clamp built into the other end of the tightening head is fixedly connected to the connecting head at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod; S3, connecting the oil pipes at both ends of the hydraulic cylinder to the oil inlet channel and the oil outlet channel of the hydraulic device respectively; S4, start the servo controller, start the hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder contracts, the tightening head moves away from the anchor rod, and a pulling force is applied to the anchor rod; S5. The load sensor collects the magnitude of the pulling force on the tightening head and records the magnitude and change process of the pulling force; S6, the displacement sensor collects the distance moved by the pad and records the distance moved by the displacement sensor; S7. A strain gauge is attached to the anchor rod to monitor the strain change of the anchor rod under the pulling action.

[0016] Optionally, before S2, also include: Move the fixed plate on the reaction steel frame through the sleeve, position the hydraulic cylinder piston rod and the anchor rod in the same straight line, tighten the levers on the two fixing buckles, connect the fixed plate and the hydraulic cylinder with bolts, and fit the base and bottom support on the reaction steel frame to the coal rock mass.

[0017] Optionally, in step S4, further comprising: The rated high threshold and the rated low threshold are input into the computer, the load sensor sends the collected pulling force to the computer in real-time data, and the computer compares the real-time data with the high threshold and the low threshold; When the real-time data is not less than the high threshold, the computer outputs a negative correction signal to the servo controller, and the servo controller sends a command to the hydraulic pump, which reduces the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder; When the real-time data is less than the high threshold and greater than the low threshold, the computer outputs a maintenance signal to the servo controller, and the hydraulic cylinder continues to work at the current level; When the real-time data is not greater than the lower threshold, the computer outputs a positive correction signal to the servo controller, and the servo controller sends a command to the hydraulic pump, which increases the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder.

[0018] Optionally, after S7, it also includes; The servo controller outputs a change signal to the electromagnetic reversing valve, the electromagnetic reversing valve changes the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, changes the supply position of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is pushed back.

[0019] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The anchor rod clamp built into one end of the tightening head is fixedly connected to the anchor rod, and the piston rod clamp built into the other end of the tightening head is fixedly connected to the connecting head at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod. The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to work by a hydraulic device, and the hydraulic cylinder piston rod contracts. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder applies a pulling force to the anchor rod through the tightening head, so as to realize dynamic pulling of the anchor body in situ at a constant rate, simulate the dynamic response of the anchor rod in the actual engineering environment, and conduct in-situ testing on the impact resistance of the anchor rod. During the test, the load sensor and displacement sensor installed in the tightening head synchronously collect data in the pulling process, and feed back to the servo controller through wired transmission and store it in the computer. The computer outputs a correction signal to realize servo control of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder, so that the anchor rod is in a stable loading state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram for showing the structure of the reaction steel frame in the embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram for showing the internal structure of the hydraulic device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 4It is a flow chart of an in-situ testing method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. coal rock mass; 2. anchor rod; 21. tray; 22. anchor rod nut; 3. reaction steel frame; 31. base; 32. connecting frame; 33. bottom support; 34. sleeve; 341. fixing buckle; 3411. lever; 35. fixing plate; 351. bolt hole; 4. hydraulic cylinder; 41. oil pipe; 42. connector; 5. hydraulic device; 51. oil tank; 52. hydraulic pump; 53. oil inlet channel; 54. oil outlet channel; 55. electromagnetic reversing valve; 56. servo controller; 57. accumulator; 58. relief valve; 6. tightening head; 61. metal casing; 62. anchor rod clamp; 63. piston rod clamp; 64. load sensor; 65. pad; 66. displacement sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with all the accompanying drawings. Example

[0026] An embodiment of the present application discloses an in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 An in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure includes an anchor rod 2, a coal rock mass 1 and a reaction steel frame 3. The anchor rod 2 is fixed in the coal rock mass 1 through a tray 21 and an anchor nut 22. A hydraulic cylinder 4 is installed on the reaction steel frame 3. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the anchor rod 2 through a screwing head 6.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 The screwing head 6 includes a metal shell 61, an anchor rod clamp 62 and a piston rod clamp 63. The anchor rod clamp 62 and the piston rod clamp 63 are located on both sides of the metal shell 61. The piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the connector 42. The piston rod clamp 63 is connected to the connector 42, and the anchor rod clamp 62 is connected to the anchor rod 2. When preparing for the test, the anchor rod clamp 62 built into one end of the screwing head 6 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 2, and the piston rod clamp 63 built into the other end of the screwing head 6 is fixedly connected to the connector 42 at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

[0029] Reference Figure 1A load sensor 64 is installed between the anchor rod clamp 62 and the piston rod clamp 63. A pad 65 is installed on the metal shell 61, which is located on the side of the anchor rod clamp 62 close to the anchor rod 2. A displacement sensor 66 is arranged in the pad 65. The displacement sensor 66 is connected to the displacement sensor 66 in the hydraulic device 5. The hydraulic cylinder 4 is controlled to work by the hydraulic device 5, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 contracts. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 applies a pulling force to the anchor rod 2 through the screwing head 6, so as to realize the dynamic pulling of the anchor body in situ at a constant rate, simulate the dynamic response of the anchor rod 2 in the actual engineering environment, and perform an in-situ test on the impact resistance of the anchor rod 2.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is pushed and controlled by the hydraulic device 5. The hydraulic device 5 includes an oil tank 51, a hydraulic pump 52, an oil inlet channel 53, an oil outlet channel 54 and an electromagnetic reversing valve 55. The oil inlet channel 53 and the oil outlet channel 54 are both connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve 55. The electromagnetic reversing valve 55 is connected to the port of the hydraulic cylinder 4 through two oil pipes 41. The hydraulic pump 52 is connected to a servo controller 56, which is connected to a displacement sensor 66. An accumulator 57 and a relief valve 58 are installed on the oil inlet channel 53. The hydraulic pump 52 is controlled to work by the servo controller 56, and the servo controller 56 controls the hydraulic pump 52 and the accumulator 57 to control the oil intake of the hydraulic cylinder 4 through the oil inlet channel 53.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 During the test, the load sensor 64 and displacement sensor 66 installed in the tightening head 6 synchronously collect data during the pulling process, and feed back to the servo controller 56 through wired transmission and store it in the computer. The computer compares the pulling force collected by the load sensor 64 with the high threshold and the low threshold. When the pulling force is greater than the high threshold, the computer outputs a negative correction signal to the servo controller 56, and the servo controller 56 sends instructions to the hydraulic pump 52 and the accumulator 57. The hydraulic pump 52 reduces the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder 4, and the accumulator 57 stores the hydraulic oil to balance the oil pressure fluctuation of the hydraulic pump 52; when the pulling force is less than the low threshold, the computer outputs a positive correction signal to the servo controller 56, and the servo controller 56 sends instructions to the hydraulic pump 52 and the accumulator 57. The hydraulic pump 52 increases the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder 4, and the accumulator 57 releases the hydraulic oil to balance the oil pressure fluctuation of the hydraulic pump 52.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3The reaction steel frame 3 includes a base 31, a connecting frame 32 and two bottom brackets 33. The base 31 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the connecting frame 32. The two bottom brackets 33 are fixedly mounted on the side of the connecting frame 32 close to the coal rock mass 1, and the two bottom brackets 33 are in contact with the coal rock mass 1. The base 31 and the bottom bracket 33 on the reaction steel frame 3 are fitted with the coal rock mass 1. The reaction steel frame 3 is fixed to the coal rock mass 1 through the bottom bracket 33 and the base 31. During dynamic loading, the bottom bracket 33 and the base 31 support the reaction steel frame 3, thereby improving the stability of the reaction steel frame 3 during the test, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement data during the test.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 The connecting frame 32 is sleeved with a sleeve 34, which can slide up and down along the connecting frame 32. The sleeve 34 is provided with a fixing plate 35 for installing the hydraulic cylinder 4. The fixing plate 35 and the sleeve 34 are integrally formed. The upper and lower ends of the sleeve 34 are provided with fixing buckles 341 for detachably connecting with the connecting frame 32. The fixing buckle 341 is provided with a lever 3411 for controlling the opening and closing of the fixing buckle 341. After the fixing plate 35 on the reaction steel frame 3 is moved to a suitable position of the connecting frame 32 through the sleeve 34, the levers 3411 on the two fixing buckles 341 are pressed to adjust the position of the fixing plate 35, and the fixing plate 35 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 4 by bolts, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the height position of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 Four bolts are fixed on the hydraulic cylinder 4, and four bolt holes 351 corresponding to the bolts are opened on the fixing plate 35. The bolts pass through the bolt holes 351, and the hydraulic cylinder 4 is fixedly installed on the fixing plate 35 through nuts connected with the bolts.

[0035] The implementation principle of an in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: the anchor rod clamp 62 built into one end of the tightening head 6 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 2, and the piston rod clamp 63 built into the other end of the tightening head 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting head 42 at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4, and the simulation rate of the servo controller 56 is set. The servo controller 56 controls the hydraulic pump 52 and the accumulator 57 to control the oil intake of the hydraulic cylinder 4 through the oil inlet channel 53. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 applies a pulling force to the anchor rod 2 through the tightening head 6, and realizes dynamic pulling of the anchor body in situ at a constant rate, thereby completing the in-situ test of the impact performance of the anchor structure. During the test, the load sensor 64 and the displacement sensor 66 installed in the tightening head 6 synchronously collect data during the pulling process, and feed it back to the servo controller 56 through wired transmission and store it in the computer. The computer outputs a correction signal to realize servo control of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 4, so that the anchor rod 2 is in a stable loading state. Example

[0036] Reference Figure 4 The embodiment of the present application discloses an in-situ test method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, using the above-mentioned in-situ test system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, comprising the following steps: S1. Fix the reaction steel frame on the coal rock mass, and fix the hydraulic cylinder on the reaction steel frame; S2. The anchor rod 2 fixture built into one end of the tightening head 6 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 2, and the piston rod fixture 63 built into the other end of the tightening head 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting head 42 at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

[0037] S3. Connect the oil pipes 41 at both ends of the hydraulic cylinder 4 to the oil inlet channel 53 and the oil outlet channel 54 of the hydraulic device 5 respectively.

[0038] S4, start the servo controller 56, start the hydraulic cylinder 4, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 contracts, the tightening head 6 moves away from the anchor rod 2, and applies a pulling force to the anchor rod 2.

[0039] S5. The load sensor 64 collects the magnitude of the pulling force on the tightening head 6 and records the magnitude and change process of the pulling force.

[0040] Specifically, the load sensor 64 can measure in real time and accurately the magnitude of the pulling force applied to the tightening head 6 during the testing of the anchor rod 2 .

[0041] S6. The displacement sensor 66 collects the distance moved by the pad 65 and records the distance moved by the displacement sensor 66.

[0042] Specifically, the tightening head 6 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 2, the distance moved by the pad 65 is the distance moved by the anchor rod 2 during the test, and the displacement sensor 66 monitors the displacement change of the anchor rod 2 under the pulling action in real time, which is convenient for evaluating the impact resistance of the anchor body.

[0043] S7. A strain gauge is attached to the anchor rod 2, and the strain gauge monitors the strain change of the anchor rod 2 under the pulling action.

[0044] Specifically, the strain gauge can monitor the strain state of the anchor structure under tension in real time, providing direct and critical data support for evaluating the impact resistance of the anchor structure.

[0045] Further, in step S2, before the anchor rod 2 fixture built into one end of the screwing head 6 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 2 and the piston rod fixture 63 built into the other end of the screwing head 6 is fixedly connected to the connecting head 42 at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4, the method further includes: Move the fixed plate 35 on the reaction steel frame 3 through the sleeve 34, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is in the same straight line as the anchor rod 2, tighten the lever 3411 on the two fixing buckles 341, connect the fixed plate 35 and the hydraulic cylinder 4 through bolts, and fit the base 31 and the bottom support 33 on the reaction steel frame 3 with the coal rock mass 1.

[0046] Further, in step S4, i.e. starting the servo controller 56, starting the hydraulic cylinder 4, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4 contracts, and the screwing head 6 moves away from the anchor rod 2, and the pulling force is applied to the anchor rod 2, which also includes: The rated high threshold and the rated low threshold are input into the computer, the load sensor 64 sends the collected pulling force to the computer in real-time data, and the computer compares the real-time data with the high threshold and the low threshold; When the real-time data is not less than the high threshold, the computer outputs a negative correction signal to the servo controller 56, and the servo controller 56 sends a command to the hydraulic pump 52, and the hydraulic pump 52 reduces the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder 4; When the real-time data is less than the high threshold and greater than the low threshold, the computer outputs a maintenance signal to the servo controller 56, and the hydraulic cylinder 4 continues the current operation; When the real-time data is not greater than the lower threshold, the computer outputs a positive correction signal to the servo controller 56 , and the servo controller 56 sends a command to the hydraulic pump 52 , and the hydraulic pump 52 increases the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder 4 .

[0047] Further, in step S7, that is, a strain gauge is attached to the anchor rod 2, and the strain gauge monitors the strain change of the anchor rod 2 under the pulling action, it also includes: The servo controller outputs a change signal to the electromagnetic reversing valve, the electromagnetic reversing valve changes the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, changes the supply position of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is pushed back. Example

[0048] By setting the servo controller 56, instructions are sent to the hydraulic pump 52 and the accumulator 57, the hydraulic cylinder 4 performs a single pulling, and the anchor rod 2 is subjected to a single rapid high-stress loading. During the single rapid high-stress loading test, the load sensor 64 collects the magnitude of the pulling force exerted on the tightening head 6 by the hydraulic cylinder 4, and the displacement sensor 66 monitors the displacement changes of the anchor rod 2 under the pulling action in real time, so as to facilitate the evaluation of the impact resistance of the anchor body.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An in-situ testing system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, comprising an anchor rod (2) fixed in a coal rock mass (1), characterized in that: It also includes a reaction steel frame (3), on which a hydraulic cylinder (4) is fixedly arranged, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4) is driven and controlled by oil supply through a hydraulic device (5), and the end of the anchor rod (2) away from the coal rock mass (1) is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4) through a screwing head (6), and the screwing head (6) includes a metal shell (61), an anchor rod clamp (62) and a piston rod clamp (63), and the anchor rod clamp (62) and the piston rod clamp (63) are located on both sides of the metal shell (61). A load sensor (64) is arranged between the anchor rod clamp (62) and the piston rod clamp (63); a pad (65) close to the anchor rod (2) is installed on the metal shell (61); a displacement sensor (66) is arranged inside the pad (65); the displacement sensor (66) is connected to the hydraulic device (5); a connecting head (42) is arranged at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4); the piston rod clamp (63) is connected to the connecting head (42); and the anchor rod clamp (62) is connected to the anchor rod (2).

2. The in-situ testing system for impact resistance of anchor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction steel frame (3) comprises a base (31), a connecting frame (32) and two bottom brackets (33); the base (31) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting frame (32); the two bottom brackets (33) are fixedly mounted on a side of the connecting frame (32) close to the coal rock body (1); and the two bottom brackets (33) are in contact with the coal rock body (1).

3. The in-situ testing system for impact resistance of anchor structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting frame (32) is sleeved with a sleeve (34), the sleeve (34) can slide up and down along the connecting frame (32), the sleeve (34) is provided with a fixing plate (35) for mounting a hydraulic cylinder (4), the fixing plate (35) and the sleeve (34) are integrally formed, the upper and lower ends of the sleeve (34) are provided with fixing buckles (341) for detachably connecting with the connecting frame (32), and the fixing buckle (341) is provided with a lever (3411) for controlling the opening and closing of the fixing buckle (341).

4. The in-situ testing system for impact resistance of anchor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic device (5) comprises an oil tank (51), a hydraulic pump (52), an oil inlet channel (53), an oil outlet channel (54) and an electromagnetic reversing valve (55); the oil inlet channel (53) and the oil outlet channel (54) are both in communication with the electromagnetic reversing valve (55); the electromagnetic reversing valve (55) is in communication with a port of a hydraulic cylinder (4) through two oil pipes; the hydraulic pump (52) is connected to a servo controller (56); the servo controller (56) is connected to a displacement sensor (66); and an accumulator (57) and a relief valve (58) are provided on the oil inlet channel (53).

5. An in-situ test method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure, using the in-situ test system for the impact resistance of an anchor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, fixing the reaction steel frame (3) on the coal rock mass (1), and fixing the hydraulic cylinder (4) on the reaction steel frame (3); S2, the anchor rod clamp (62) built into one end of the tightening head (6) is fixedly connected to the anchor rod (2), and the piston rod clamp (63) built into the other end of the tightening head (6) is fixedly connected to the connecting head (42) at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4); S3, connecting the oil pipes (41) at both ends of the hydraulic cylinder (4) to the oil inlet channel (53) and the oil outlet channel (54) of the hydraulic device (5) respectively; S4, starting the servo controller (56), starting the hydraulic cylinder (4), causing the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4) to contract, and causing the screwing head (6) to move away from the anchor rod (2), thereby applying a pulling force to the anchor rod (2); S5, the load sensor (64) collects the magnitude of the pulling force applied to the tightening head (6), and records the magnitude and change process of the pulling force; S6, the displacement sensor (66) collects the distance moved by the pad (65), and records the distance moved by the displacement sensor (66); S7. A strain gauge is attached to the anchor rod (2), and the strain gauge monitors the strain change of the anchor rod (2) under the pulling action.

6. The in-situ testing method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Prior to S2, this also included: The fixing plate (35) on the reaction steel frame (3) is moved through the sleeve (34), the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4) is positioned in the same straight line as the anchor rod (2), the levers (3411) on the two fixing buckles (341) are pressed, the fixing plate (35) and the hydraulic cylinder (4) are connected by bolts, and the base (31) and the bottom support (33) on the reaction steel frame (3) are fitted to the coal rock mass (1).

7. The in-situ testing method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, it also includes: A rated high threshold value and a rated low threshold value are input into the computer, and the load sensor (64) sends the collected pulling force to the computer in real-time data, and the computer compares the real-time data with the high threshold value and the low threshold value; When the real-time data is not less than the high threshold, the computer outputs a negative correction signal to the servo controller (56), and the servo controller (56) sends a command to the hydraulic pump (52), and the hydraulic pump (52) reduces the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder (4); When the real-time data is less than the high threshold and greater than the low threshold, the computer outputs a maintenance signal to the servo controller (56), and the hydraulic cylinder (4) continues the current operation; When the real-time data is not greater than the lower threshold, the computer outputs a positive correction signal to the servo controller (56), and the servo controller (56) sends a command to the hydraulic pump (52), and the hydraulic pump (52) increases the pressure of the hydraulic oil delivered to the hydraulic cylinder (4).

8. The in-situ testing method for the impact resistance of an anchor structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: After S7, it also includes; The servo controller (56) outputs a change signal to the electromagnetic reversing valve (55), the electromagnetic reversing valve (55) changes the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, changes the supply position of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder (4), and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (4) is pushed back.

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