Angelica sinensis low-altitude out-of-season seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention provides a low-altitude out-of-season seedling raising method for angelica sinensis, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation. The invention provides a low-altitude out-of-season seedling raising method for angelica sinensis. The low-altitude out-of-season seedling raising method mainly comprises the steps of angelica sinensis seed selection, greenhouse selection, preparation before sowing, sowing, field management, seedling hardening, seedling lifting, transplanting and the like. According to the Chinese angelica out-of-season seedling raising method, the bolting rate of the Chinese angelica cultivated after seedling raising is not higher than 3%, namely, the method greatly reduces the early bolting phenomenon of the Chinese angelica, effectively solves the early bolting phenomenon of Chinese angelica planting, and has the advantages of being short in breeding period, intensive, facility-based, high in controllable degree and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a low-altitude off-season seedling raising method for angelica sinensis. Background Art

[0002] Chinese medicine Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Apiaceae family. It is dug in late autumn, and the fibrous roots and mud are removed. After the water evaporates slightly, it is tied into small bundles, put on the shed, and slowly smoked dry with fireworks. It is sweet, spicy, and warm in nature. It enters the liver, heart, and spleen meridians, and has the effects of nourishing blood and activating blood circulation, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, and moistening the intestines and relieving constipation. It is mainly used to treat blood deficiency and sallow complexion, dizziness and palpitations, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain due to deficiency and cold, rheumatic arthralgia, injuries caused by falls, carbuncle, sores, and constipation caused by dry intestines. Wine Angelica sinensis activates blood circulation and regulates menstruation. It is used for amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, rheumatic arthralgia, and injuries caused by falls. However, for many years, the biggest production problem plaguing angelica producing areas is the frequent occurrence of premature bolting of angelica. The main reason is that due to climate changes, irregular seed collection, unreasonable fertilization, and seedling grade control during planting, the bolting rate of angelica is as high as 60-95%. After bolting, angelica becomes firewood and cannot be used as medicine, causing huge economic losses to farmers. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem of early bolting in angelica planting, the present invention provides a low-altitude off-season seedling raising method for angelica, which has a short breeding cycle and is highly intensive, facility-based and controllable.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising angelica seedlings at low altitude and in off-season, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Select a temperate climate riverbed area with an altitude of 500 to 1000 m, and sow angelica seeds in a greenhouse from late October to early November each year;

[0006] (2) After the angelica seedlings emerge, the temperature in the facility shed is adjusted to 5-25° C. and the humidity is maintained at 30-45% to culture the angelica seedlings;

[0007] (3) Harden the seedlings in early March of the following year, and dig up the seedlings around the Qingming Festival and transplant them to the planting area.

[0008] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the precipitation in the temperate climate river dam area of ​​step (1) is 400-5000 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1700-1900 h.

[0009] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the greenhouse described in step (1) is provided with sprinkler irrigation facilities and sunshade facilities, the temperature in the greenhouse is set at -3 to 30°C, and the air humidity is 30 to 45%.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the seeds in step (1) are three-year-old Angelica sinensis seeds that are harvested in the same year and are free of diseases and insect pests.

[0011] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the Angelica sinensis seeds in step (1) are sown in seedling trays or seedling cups, with 3 Angelica sinensis seeds sown in each container; after sowing, the substrate is covered and watered thoroughly.

[0012] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the matrix for sowing includes an organic matrix or a mixed matrix to maintain the looseness of the seedling raising soil.

[0013] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, during the cultivation period of step (2), nutrients are also applied to the weak seedlings.

[0014] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the nutrition includes benomyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0015] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, during the cultivation in step (2), field pest and disease control is also performed.

[0016] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the step (3) of lifting the seedlings includes starting to lift the seedlings when the seedlings are 130 to 160 days old, the weight of a single seedling is ≤ 2.8 g, and the seedling length is 8 to 12 cm.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a low-altitude off-season seedling raising method for angelica, which mainly includes angelica seed selection, greenhouse selection, pre-sowing preparation, sowing, field management, seedling hardening, seedling lifting and transplanting, etc. Utilizing the off-season seedling raising method for angelica, the bolting rate of cultivated angelica after seedling raising is not higher than 3%, that is, the method greatly reduces the early bolting phenomenon of angelica, effectively solves the early bolting phenomenon of angelica planting, and has the advantages of short breeding cycle, intensive, facility-based, high controllability, etc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising angelica seedlings at low altitude and in off-season, comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) Select a temperate climate riverbed area with an altitude of 500 to 1000 m, and sow angelica seeds in a greenhouse from late October to early November each year;

[0020] (2) After the angelica seedlings emerge, the temperature in the facility shed is adjusted to 5-25° C. and the humidity is maintained at 30-45% to culture the angelica seedlings;

[0021] (3) Harden the seedlings in early March of the following year, and dig up the seedlings around the Qingming Festival and transplant them to the planting area.

[0022] The off-season seedling raising method of the present invention includes the selection of a seedling raising base, specifically including selecting a warm climate river valley area with an altitude of 500 to 1000 m, an annual precipitation of 400 to 5000 mm, and an annual sunshine of 1700 to 1900 h. For example, the river valley areas of Bailong River and Baishui River in Longnan City, Gansu Province, which are the angelica producing areas, are selected.

[0023] The off-season seedling raising method of angelica of the present invention includes the selection of greenhouse facilities, specifically including the selection of solar greenhouses or multi-span greenhouses for planting vegetables such as potatoes, sprinkler irrigation facilities are arranged in the greenhouse, and sunshade facilities are laid (a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 10 is selected), the normal growth temperature of angelica in the greenhouse is controlled at 5°C to 25°C, and the humidity is maintained at 30% to 45%. It is noted that the minimum temperature is not lower than -3°C. When the temperature is lower than -3°C, warming measures can be appropriately increased to adjust the temperature to above 0°C in time; the maximum temperature should not exceed 30°C. When the temperature exceeds 25°C, ventilation should be carried out in time, or water spraying should be adopted for cooling.

[0024] In the off-season seedling raising method of angelica of the present invention, before sowing in the facility greenhouse, it also includes pre-sowing preparation, and the pre-sowing preparation includes preparing a seedling raising matrix and a seedling raising device, wherein the seedling raising matrix is ​​an organic matrix or a mixed matrix, such as the Green Energy Rich Seedling Cultivation Nutrition Matrix purchased from Wuwei, Gansu, developed and supervised by the College of Horticulture of Gansu Agricultural University, and produced by Gansu Green Energy Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., according to the matrix soil ratio of 7:3; as in the embodiment, a clean seedling raising matrix is ​​selected, and cotton loess or cotton yellow sand is doped according to a volume ratio of 30%, and the mixed matrix is ​​disinfected with soil fungicide oxazolidinone for 24 hours 1d before sowing, and the seedling raising device is installed for standby after thorough disinfection. The seedling raising device of the present invention can be a seedling raising tray or a seedling raising cup, and the diameter of the seedling raising tray or seedling raising cup hole (cup hole) is 4 to 6cm, and the hole depth (cup depth) is 10 to 15cm.

[0025] The present invention sows angelica seeds in the seedling raising device, wherein the sowing date is based on the spring transplanting period of angelica seedlings, and the growth period of angelica seedlings is strictly controlled to be 130d to 160d. Therefore, sowing is scheduled to be carried out in late October to early November each winter. In one embodiment of the present invention, 3 seeds are sown in each hole of each seedling tray or seedling cup, and the seedling substrate is covered with 0.5cm to 1.0cm after sowing; after sowing, it is sprayed with a nozzle or a shower to be thoroughly watered, and watered once every 5d to 7d after watering to keep the seedbed moist until the angelica fully emerges. The angelica seeds of the present invention select three-year-old large medicinal seeds angelica seeds harvested in the same year, and the seeds are free of diseases and insect pests.

[0026] The present invention performs field management after the angelica seedlings emerge. For example, in a specific embodiment, after the angelica seedlings emerge, watering is performed once every 13d to 15d, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 5°C to 25°C, and the humidity is maintained at 30% to 45%. In the field management process, if weak seedlings (root diameter <0.2cm) and yellow seedlings (slightly yellow leaves or stems of seedlings) are found in the late seedling stage (100d after emergence), foliar fertilizers of oxadipate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed in time, with an interval of 15d, and sprayed continuously for 2 to 3 times to ensure that the angelica seedlings are in the normal growth range (single seedling weight ≤2.8g, 8cm≤seedling length≤12cm, stems and leaves are upright, free of diseases, and free of wilting).

[0027] The present invention also involves pest control during the field management, among which the disease control is that the Angelica sinensis seedlings are mainly caused by water rot and powdery mildew due to excessive watering or high temperature. In the early stage of seedling water rot, the diseased plants are promptly pulled out and burned, lime powder is sprinkled on the diseased holes, and the surrounding plants are watered with 800-1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl, 500-1000 times of 50% carbendazim, and 100 times of lime water; or 25% mancozeb 500 times or 70% thiophanate methyl 1500 times is used to water the roots in the early stage of the disease to reduce the damage; or 25% carbendazim powder is used for watering at 1000 times, 50% thiophanate methyl, and 500 times of 50% carbendazim are sprayed for prevention and control. Seedling powdery mildew is sprayed with carbendazim hydrochloride. Among them, pest control, including the main insect pests on the bed surface during the seedling period, is to set up yellow boards in the greenhouse in the early stage to lure and kill them, or use silver-gray strip films to avoid killing them.

[0028] After the angelica seedlings of the present invention have grown safely, in early March of the following year, if there are continuous rainy days, the net shed can be opened once at intervals of 10d, 5d, and 2d for ventilation and weak light to gradually harden the seedlings. During the hardening period, the seedlings can be observed at any time to keep the seedlings healthy. Then, around Qingming Festival, when the seedling age is 130 to 160d, the single seedling weight is ≤2.8g, and the seedling length is 8cm to 12cm, the seedlings are started to be lifted, and the seedlings are turned out with a flower pot and a small shovel, and the whole plant is kept intact. Bunches are tied, with 100 plants in each bundle, the stems and leaves are cut off, and 1 to 2cm of stems are retained, and the bags are transplanted; if the seedlings are small, they can be transplanted with soil at one time. The seedlings of the present invention should be transplanted in time, and the traditional planting area of ​​angelica should be selected for transplanting. After planting, they should be properly watered 2 to 3 times, or they can be transplanted before rainy days to ensure that all the seedlings turn green and survive.

[0029] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a method for raising Angelica sinensis seedlings at a low altitude and in an off-season manner provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Comparative test: The test design is divided into experimental group, control group 1, control group 2 and control group 3, and it will be carried out for 3 consecutive years. Test method: Small plot test, each plot is 20m 2 , set up 3 replications, adopted the transplanting method with a plant spacing of 30cm×40cm, and planted 116 plants in total in the plot. At the end of the experiment, the bolting rate of angelica sinensis was counted.

[0032] (1) Experimental group: using the off-season and high-efficiency seedling cultivation method at low altitude

[0033] A. Seed selection: Choose three-year-old Angelica sinensis seeds that are harvested in the same year and are free of diseases and insect pests.

[0034] B. Selection of seedling base: Choose a warm and humid climate river dam area with an altitude of 500-1000m, with an annual precipitation of 400-5000mm and an annual sunshine of 1700-1900h;

[0035] C. Choose a greenhouse: Choose a solar greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse for growing potatoes and other vegetables. Install sprinkler irrigation facilities in the greenhouse and have sunshade facilities (select a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 10). Control the normal growth temperature of Angelica sinensis in the greenhouse at 5℃~25℃ and maintain the humidity at 30%~45%. Note that the minimum temperature should not be lower than -3℃ and the maximum temperature should not exceed 30℃.

[0036] D. Preparation before sowing: According to the spring transplanting period of Angelica sinensis seedlings, strictly control the growth period of Angelica sinensis seedlings to 130d ~ 160d, sow in late October to early November every winter, sow in seedling trays or seedling cups, choose clean seedling substrate, mix with cotton loess or cotton loess sand at a ratio of 30%, and disinfect the mixed substrate with soil fungicide carbendazim for 24h 1d before sowing. After thorough disinfection, put it in a tray (cup) for later use.

[0037] E. Sowing: Sow 3 seeds of angelica sinensis that have been selected in advance and harvested in the current year at a rate of 3 seeds per blood, and cover with 0.5cm to 1.0cm of soil (substrate mixed soil) after sowing; use a sprinkler or flower spray to water thoroughly after sowing, and water once every 5d to 7d after watering to keep the seedbed moist.

[0038] F. Field management: After the angelica seedlings emerge, water them every 13-15 days, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 5℃-25℃, and maintain the humidity at 30%-45%. If the temperature is below -3℃, appropriate warming measures can be taken, and the temperature can be adjusted to above 0℃ in time; if the temperature exceeds 25℃, timely ventilation or water spraying should be adopted. If weak or yellow seedlings are found in the late seedling stage, foliar fertilizers such as mefenamic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed in time, with an interval of 15 days, and sprayed continuously for 2-3 times to ensure that the angelica seedlings are in the normal growth range (single seedling weight ≤ 2.8g, 8cm ≤ seedling length ≤ 12cm).

[0039] G. Pest and disease control:

[0040] ① Disease control: The main diseases of Angelica sinensis seedlings are water rot and powdery mildew caused by excessive watering or high temperature. In the early stage of seedling water rot, the diseased plants should be pulled out and burned in time, lime powder should be applied to the diseased holes, and the surrounding plants should be watered with 800-1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl, 500-1000 times of 50% carbendazim, and 100 times of lime water; or 25% mancozeb 500 times or 70% thiophanate methyl 1500 times should be used to water the roots in the early stage of the disease to reduce the damage; or 25% carbendazim powder 1000 times should be used for irrigation, 50% thiophanate methyl, 50% carbendazim 500 times should be used for spraying for prevention and control. Seedling powdery mildew should be treated with carbendazim hydrochloride.

[0041] ② Pest control: During the seedling period, aphids are the main pests on the bed surface. Yellow boards should be set up in the greenhouse in the early stage to lure and kill them, or silver-gray strip films should be used to avoid killing them.

[0042] H. Seedling hardening: After the seedlings have grown safely, in early March of the following year, if there are consecutive rainy days, you can open the net shed for ventilation and dim light at intervals of 10d, 5d, and 2d to gradually harden the seedlings. During the hardening period, observe them at any time to keep them healthy.

[0043] I. Transplanting: Around Qingming Festival, when the seedlings are 150 days old and weigh ≤2.8g each, and are 8cm to 12cm long, start transplanting. Use a flowerpot and a small shovel to turn the seedlings out, keeping the whole plant intact. Tie them into bunches of 100 plants each, cut off the stems and leaves, leaving 1 to 2cm of stems, and put them in bags for transplanting. If the seedlings are small, they can be transplanted all at once with the soil.

[0044] J. Transplantation: The seedlings should be transplanted in time, and the traditional angelica planting areas should be selected for transplanting. Water them appropriately after planting, water them 2 to 3 times, or choose to transplant them before rainy days to ensure that all the seedlings turn green and survive.

[0045] (2) Control group 1: The difference between the control group 1 and the experimental group is that the seeds (large medicinal seeds) collected from farmers for three years were used for seedling cultivation under normal conditions (selecting uncultivated land above 2500 m above sea level or cultivated land above 2800 m above sea level in summer).

[0046] (3) Control group 2: The difference between the control group 2 and the experimental group is that the seeds (gunpowder seeds) collected from farmers at the age of two were used to grow seedlings under normal conditions.

[0047] (4) Control group 3: Seeds purchased from the market (mixed seeds) were grown under normal conditions.

[0048] The bolting number of each plot was counted, and the results are shown in Table 1. The effects of different seeds and different seedling raising methods on the bolting rate of Angelica sinensis showed that the bolting rate of Angelica sinensis cultivated by the method of the present invention can be controlled to 3%, or almost no bolting, and this method will greatly reduce the premature bolting phenomenon of Angelica sinensis.

[0049] Table 1 Effects of different seeds and different seedling raising methods on the bolting rate of Angelica sinensis

[0050]

[0051] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising Angelica sinensis seedlings at low altitudes and in off-season, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Select a temperate climate riverbed area with an altitude of 500 to 1000 m, and sow angelica seeds in a greenhouse from late October to early November each year; (2) After the angelica seedlings emerge, the temperature in the facility shed is adjusted to 5-25° C. and the humidity is maintained at 30-45% to culture the angelica seedlings; (3) Harden the seedlings in early March of the following year, and dig up the seedlings around the Qingming Festival and transplant them to the planting area.

2. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precipitation in the temperate climate river dam area of ​​step (1) is 400-5000 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1700-1900 h.

3. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the greenhouse is provided with sprinkler irrigation facilities and sunshade facilities, the temperature in the greenhouse is set at -3 to 30°C, and the air humidity is 30 to 45%.

4. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeds in step (1) are three-year-old angelica seeds that are harvested in the same year and are free of diseases and insect pests.

5. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The angelica seeds in step (1) are sown in seedling trays or seedling cups, with 3 angelica seeds in each container; after sowing, the substrate is covered and watered thoroughly.

6. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 5, characterized in that: The matrix used for sowing includes an organic matrix or a mixed matrix to maintain the looseness of the seedling-raising soil.

7. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the cultivation period of step (2), nutrients are also applied to the weak seedlings.

8. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nutrients include hydroxyzine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

9. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the cultivation period of step (2), field pest and disease control is also carried out.

10. The off-season seedling raising method of Angelica sinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (3) of lifting the seedlings includes starting to lift the seedlings when the seedlings are 130 to 160 days old, the weight of a single seedling is ≤ 2.8 g and the length of the seedlings is 8 to 12 cm.

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