A high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge and its processing method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge and its processing method. The gauge includes a gauge body and a stepped through hole. The gauge body is a cylinder with two cubes on its cylindrical surface. The line connecting the centers of the two cubes intersects the axis of the cylinder perpendicularly. The stepped through hole is coaxial with the cylinder corresponding to the gauge body and penetrates both axial end faces of the cylinder. The inner wall of the stepped through hole, with its smallest diameter, has two spherical surfaces. The centers of these two spherical surfaces are located on the axis of the cylinder corresponding to the gauge body and are symmetrical about the line connecting the centers of the two cubes. During gauge processing, the gauge body is divided into an upper and lower half from the center of the inner spherical surface. The spherical surfaces are ground using a CNC internal grinding machine, then machined, and finally polished using a shaped grinding rod to ensure the technical requirements are met. This invention solves the technical bottleneck problem that spherical grinding rods cannot enter the inner spherical surface of the gauge for grinding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machining technology, specifically relating to a high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge and its machining method. Background Technology

[0002] In machining, the processing of inner spherical colored gauges has always been quite complex due to the high technical requirements. Typically, the colored area of ​​the inner spherical surface after coloring with the standard part must reach 97%. To ensure this, manual grinding from all angles using a shaped grinding rod with dimensions close to the inner spherical surface and grinding paste is necessary after grinding. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Due to the structural limitations of the gauge itself, the shaped grinding rod cannot enter the spherical inner cavity for grinding. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems described in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge and its processing method, solve the problem that high-precision inner spherical coloring gauges cannot be processed, and provide a feasible processing approach for this type of gauge.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge, comprising:

[0006] The gauge body is a cylinder, and two cubes are set on the cylindrical surface of the cylinder. The line connecting the centers of the two cubes intersects the axis of the cylinder perpendicularly.

[0007] The stepped through hole is coaxial with the cylinder corresponding to the gauge body and penetrates the two axial end faces of the cylinder. There are two spherical surfaces on the inner wall of the smallest diameter hole in the stepped through hole. The center of the two spherical surfaces is located on the axis of the cylinder corresponding to the gauge body and is symmetrical about the line connecting the centers of the two cubes.

[0008] The machining method for high-precision internal spherical coloring gauges includes:

[0009] The gauge body, two cubes, and a stepped through hole are machined. The plane defined by the line connecting the centers of the two cubes on the gauge body and the axis of the corresponding cylinder of the gauge body is used as the splitting plane. The gauge body is split into an upper half and a lower half. The upper half and the lower half are then spliced ​​together using the aforementioned splitting plane and fastened together with a connector. Two spherical surfaces are obtained by grinding in the stepped through hole. The connector is removed, and the upper half and the lower half are separated to obtain enough space to accommodate the spherical grinding rod. The spherical grinding rod is then placed in the positions of the two spherical surfaces. The upper half and the lower half are fastened together again with a connector, and the spherical grinding rod is driven to grind the two spherical surfaces.

[0010] Furthermore, the machining method for high-precision inner spherical coloring gauges includes the following steps:

[0011] S1, a cylinder is obtained by turning, and the two axial end faces of the cylinder and the stepped through holes on the axial end faces are turned.

[0012] S2, using the center of the stepped through hole as a reference, the cylinder and two cubes corresponding to the gauge body are obtained by wire cutting on the cylinder. Then, the gauge body is cut into two parts, the upper half and the lower half, along the splitting surface.

[0013] S3, using a fitter's machining method, a stepped hole is machined at the position of each of the two cubes in the upper half, and a threaded hole is machined at the position of each of the two cubes in the lower half. Two thread-passing holes are drilled on the cylindrical surfaces of the upper and lower halves respectively. The axes of the two thread-passing holes are perpendicular to the splitting surface and pass through the upper and lower halves. The distances from the four thread-passing holes on the upper and lower halves to the center of the stepped through hole are equal.

[0014] S4, machining datum: A surface grinder is used to grind the split surfaces of the upper and lower halves, the two side end faces perpendicular to the line connecting the centers of the two cubes, and the two axial end faces of the cylinder, respectively, to ensure that the length and width dimensions of the split surfaces of the upper and lower halves are consistent. Then, the above-mentioned grinding surfaces of the upper and lower halves are refinished by fitter to ensure that the length and width dimensions of the split surfaces of the upper and lower halves are consistent and to obtain higher precision, thus serving as the datum for subsequent grinding of the spherical surface;

[0015] S5, align and splice the upper and lower halves with the split surface as the reference, then connect the upper and lower halves into one piece by passing screws through the stepped holes and threaded holes machined in S3 and using nuts. Next, use slow wire cutting to cut two cylindrical pin holes at the positions of the wire holes in S3 on the upper and lower halves. The axes of the two cylindrical pin holes are perpendicular to the split surface and pass through the upper and lower halves. Finally, insert the cylindrical pins into the cylindrical pin holes.

[0016] S6 uses a shaped grinding wheel inserted into the stepped through hole after the upper and lower halves are spliced, and grinds two spherical surfaces on the hole wall of the stepped through hole by grinding.

[0017] S7, loosen the screws and nuts, knock out the cylindrical pin, and separate the upper and lower halves along the split surface by a distance that allows the spherical grinding rod to be inserted into two spherical positions in the stepped through hole;

[0018] S8, once again align the upper and lower halves by splitting the surfaces, then tighten the screws and nuts to bring the upper and lower halves together and insert the cylindrical pin to ensure that the spherical grinding rod can rotate normally. At this time, grind the two spherical surfaces by rotating the spherical grinding rod.

[0019] S9. Following the method in S7, separate the upper and lower halves along the splitting surface by a certain distance, take out the spherical grinding rod, and then follow the method in S8 to bring the upper and lower halves together along the splitting surface and insert the cylindrical pin. Next, use a standard part to insert into the stepped through hole to check the coloring area of ​​the spherical surface. After passing the test, seal it with oil and store it in the warehouse.

[0020] It should be noted that the standard part in S9 refers to a measuring tool, which is similar in shape to a spherical grinding rod. Two flat surfaces are milled out on the left and right sides of the spherical surface to facilitate insertion into the stepped through hole for inspection.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, the upper and lower halves of the machined stepped holes, threaded holes and wire-threading holes are subjected to heat treatment, which is quenching and tempering in sequence.

[0022] Furthermore, in S6, a CNC internal grinding machine is used in conjunction with a forming grinding wheel to grind two spherical surfaces on the wall of the stepped through hole.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S6, the forming surface of the forming grinding wheel is a partial spherical surface. The forming surface of the forming grinding wheel is machined using a diamond pen program, and it is only a part of the spherical surface, not the entire spherical surface, which can extend into the stepped hole after assembly.

[0024] Alternatively, the hardness of the upper and lower halves after quenching and tempering treatment meets HRC58~62.

[0025] To address the issue that the shaped grinding rod cannot reach into the spherical surface for grinding, this invention employs a method of dividing the gauge body into two parts from the center of the inner spherical surface before processing, ultimately ensuring the technical requirements are met.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, this invention effectively solves the problem that the shaped grinding rod cannot enter the inner cavity of the gauge for grinding, thus solving the technical bottleneck problem of spherical grinding inside the gauge, providing experience for similar processing, and can be widely promoted and applied in the field of machining technology. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the gauge;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the gauge;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the gauge after it has been split into an upper and lower half.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the spherical grinding rod being placed into the inner ball socket after the upper and lower halves are separated by a certain distance.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of grinding after the upper and lower halves are joined together and the spherical grinding rod is placed into the inner ball socket.

[0033] In the diagram, 1-upper half, 2-lower half, 3-cylindrical pin hole, 4-screw, 5-nut, 6-cylindrical pin, 7-workpiece, 8-spherical grinding rod. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. All modifications, substitutions and alterations made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

[0035] This invention relates to a high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge and its processing method. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the gauge structure consists of an inner spherical recess SΦA machined from a single piece of material (the inner spherical recess SΦA is divided into two spherical surfaces). The single piece of material includes a cylindrical gauge body. On the cylindrical surface of the gauge body are a pair of cubic structures, and the line connecting the centers of the two cubes passes through the center of the inner spherical recess SΦA. The gauge requires that the colored area of ​​the inner spherical surface reach 97%, but due to structural limitations (such as…),… Figure 1 The diameter of the through hole ΦB of the gauge is smaller than the diameter ΦA of the inner ball socket. The shaped spherical grinding head used for grinding cannot directly pass through the diameter ΦB to reach the inner ball socket SΦA, so mature processing methods cannot be used.

[0036] To ensure the gauge meets technical requirements, a different processing approach was developed. The gauge body is divided into two parts from the center of the inner spherical surface before processing. The specific process route is as follows: rough machining by turning (this process is before dividing the gauge body into two parts, the purpose of which is to obtain a cylinder with stepped through holes and two axial end faces treated) → wire cutting to obtain two cubes and the cylindrical surface corresponding to the gauge body, and cutting the gauge body into two parts from the center of the inner spherical surface → bench work to make stepped holes, threaded holes and wire-passing holes → heat treatment → surface grinding datum, bench work to repair datum → use screws 4 and nuts 5 to assemble the two parts into one body → slowly wire cut cylindrical pin holes 3 on the two parts through the wire-passing holes → bench work to install cylindrical pins 6 → CNC internal grinding machine grinds the inner spherical surface → bench work to disassemble the two parts, put in spherical grinding rods 8 and assemble them into one body to form workpiece 7 → turn grinding the inner spherical surface → check the colored area → final inspection → bench work to seal and put into storage.

[0037] This invention employs a method of dividing the gauge body into two parts from the center of the inner spherical surface, grinding them with a CNC internal grinding machine, and then using a turning operator to grind them with a shaped grinding rod to ensure the technical requirements are met.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram shows the original structure of a high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge. The structure involves machining an inner spherical surface SΦA from a single piece of material, requiring SΦA to have a coloring area of ​​97% similar to that of a standard part. To ensure this technical requirement, manual grinding from all angles using a shaped grinding rod with dimensions close to the inner spherical surface and grinding paste is necessary after grinding. However, due to the inherent structural limitations of the gauge itself, the shaped grinding rod (i.e.... Figure 5 The spherical grinding rod 8 shown (whose head grinding surface is a complete sphere) cannot enter the spherical inner cavity for grinding. To solve this problem, as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 This invention employs a method of dividing the gauge body into an upper half 1 and a lower half 2 from the center of the inner sphere before processing, ultimately ensuring compliance with technical requirements. The specific steps are as follows:

[0039] S1, a cylinder is obtained by turning. The cylinder has a stepped through hole and the two axial end faces have been rough-machined.

[0040] S2, using wire cutting to cut two cubes and gauge body along the split surface to obtain two parts, upper half 1 and lower half 2;

[0041] S3, as Figure 4Stepped holes and threaded holes are machined at the positions of the two cubes in the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 respectively using a fitter's machining method. Wire through holes are drilled on the cylindrical surfaces of the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 (because the hardness reaches HRC58~62 after heat treatment in S41, only slow wire cutting can be used. Therefore, a hole smaller than the cylindrical pin hole 3 itself needs to be made in the center of the cylindrical pin hole 3 to facilitate the insertion of the slow wire for cutting).

[0042] S4, machining datum, is further divided into:

[0043] S41, after completing the stepped hole, threaded hole and wire-passing hole in S3, the upper half 1 and lower half 2 are heat-treated, specifically quenched and tempered, and the hardness is guaranteed to be HRC58~62 after tempering.

[0044] S42 uses a surface grinding datum to obtain the splitting surface as the datum. The specific grinding objects are the two sides of the maximum width of the upper half 1 cube, the two end faces of the cylinder along the axis, the splitting surface, and the two sides of the maximum width of the lower half 2 cube, the two end faces of the cylinder along the axis, and the splitting surface. After grinding, the dimensions of the two sides of the maximum width of the upper half 1 cube and the two end faces of the cylinder along the axis are consistent with the dimensions of the two sides of the maximum width of the lower half 2 cube and the two end faces of the cylinder along the axis.

[0045] S43, the fitter's refining benchmark, ensures that the dimensions of the two sides of the maximum width of the upper half 1 cube and the two end faces of the cylinder along the axis are consistent with the dimensions of the two sides of the maximum width of the lower half 2 cube and the two end faces of the cylinder along the axis, and the difference is no more than 0.002mm. The refining method is used to obtain higher precision as the benchmark for grinding the inner spherical surface and to reduce the error caused by repeated disassembly and assembly in subsequent processing.

[0046] S5, the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 are connected as one unit by screws 4 and nuts 5, and two cylindrical pin holes 3 are cut using slow wire EDM at the wire-threading holes on the corresponding cylindrical surfaces of the gauge body of the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 (the cylindrical pin holes 3 of the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 are machined together by slow wire EDM to obtain a better positioning effect), and cylindrical pins 6 are installed to form a shape as shown in the figure. Figure 5 Workpiece 7 shown;

[0047] S6 uses a CNC internal grinding machine to grind two spherical surfaces on the wall of the stepped through hole;

[0048] S7, such as Figure 5 Loosen screw 4 and nut 5, knock out cylindrical pin 6, and separate the upper half 1 and lower half 2 along the split surface by a distance that allows the spherical grinding rod 8 to be inserted into two spherical positions in the stepped through hole.

[0049] S8, such as Figure 6Tighten screws 4 and nuts 5, insert cylindrical pins 6 to bring the upper half 1 and lower half 2 together along the split surface, ensuring that the spherical grinding rod 8 can rotate normally. At this time, grind the two spherical surfaces by rotating the spherical grinding plate.

[0050] S9. Repeat the disassembly process of S7 to remove the spherical grinding rod 8, and then tighten the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 according to the tightening method of S8. Check the coloring area of ​​the spherical surface. After the coloring area is qualified, seal it with oil and store it in the warehouse.

[0051] During the processing, it is important to note that the fitter must ensure that the upper half 1 and the lower half 2 are aligned with the reference point each time the workpiece 7 is assembled, in order to ensure the effect of the lathe grinding the spherical surface.

[0052] This invention divides the gauge body into two parts from the center of the inner spherical surface. The technical requirements are met by grinding the two parts with a CNC internal cylindrical grinder and then turning them with a shaped grinding rod. This method solves the problem that the grinding rod cannot enter the inner spherical cavity for grinding in the existing structure, and has been promoted in actual production.

[0053] Contents not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art. Although illustrative specific embodiments of the invention have been described above to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. Various modifications are readily apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, and all inventions utilizing the concept of this invention are protected.

Claims

1. A method for machining a high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge, characterized in that, High-precision inner spherical coloring gauges include: The gauge body is a cylinder, and two cubes are set on the cylindrical surface of the cylinder. The line connecting the centers of the two cubes intersects the axis of the cylinder perpendicularly. The stepped through hole is coaxial with the cylinder corresponding to the gauge body and penetrates the two axial end faces of the cylinder. There are two spherical surfaces on the inner wall of the smallest diameter hole in the stepped through hole. The two spherical surfaces are symmetrical about the line connecting the centers of the two cubes. The centers of the two spherical surfaces are located on the axis of the cylinder corresponding to the gauge body. Processing methods include: The main body of the gauge, two cubes, and a stepped through hole are processed. The plane determined by the line connecting the centers of the two cubes on the main body of the gauge and the axis of the cylinder corresponding to the main body of the gauge is used as the splitting plane. The main body of the gauge is split into two parts: the upper half (1) and the lower half (2). The upper half (1) and the lower half (2) are then spliced ​​together with the aforementioned splitting plane. The upper half (1) and the lower half (2) are fastened together with a connector. Two spherical surfaces are obtained by grinding in the stepped through hole. The connector is removed, and the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) are separated to obtain enough space to accommodate the spherical grinding rod (8). The spherical grinding rod (8) is then placed in the positions of the two spherical surfaces. The upper half (1) and the lower half (2) are fastened together again with a connector. The spherical grinding rod (8) is driven to grind the two spherical surfaces.

2. The processing method for the high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, a cylinder is obtained by turning, and the two axial end faces of the cylinder and the stepped through holes on the axial end faces are turned. S2, using the center of the stepped through hole as a reference, the cylinder and two cubes corresponding to the gauge body are obtained by wire cutting on the cylinder. Then, the gauge body is cut into two parts, the upper half (1) and the lower half (2), along the split surface. S3, using a fitter's machining method, a stepped hole is machined in the upper half (1) corresponding to the position of the two cubes, and a threaded hole is machined in the lower half (2) corresponding to the position of the two cubes. Two threading holes are drilled on the cylindrical surfaces of the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) respectively. The axes of the two threading holes are perpendicular to the splitting surface and pass through the upper half (1) and the lower half (2). The distances from the four threading holes on the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) to the center of the stepped through hole are equal. S4, machining reference, using a surface grinder to grind the split surfaces of the upper half (1) and the lower half (2), the two side end faces perpendicular to the line connecting the centers of the two cubes, and the two axial end faces of the cylinder, to ensure that the split surfaces of the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) have the same length and width dimensions. Then, the above-mentioned grinding surfaces of the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) are repaired by fitter, to ensure that the split surfaces of the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) have the same length and width dimensions and to obtain higher precision, thus serving as the reference for subsequent grinding of the spherical surface; S5, align and splice the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) with the split surface as the reference, and then connect the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) into one piece by passing the screw (4) through the stepped hole and threaded hole processed in S3 and cooperating with the nut (5). Then, use a slow wire cutter to cut two cylindrical pin holes (3) at the positions of the wire threading holes in S3 on the upper half (1) and the lower half (2). The axes of the two cylindrical pin holes (3) are perpendicular to the split surface and pass through the upper half (1) and the lower half (2). Finally, insert the cylindrical pin (6) into the cylindrical pin hole (3). S6, a shaped grinding wheel is inserted into the stepped through hole after the upper half (1) and lower half (2) are spliced, and two spherical surfaces are ground on the hole wall of the stepped through hole by grinding. S7, loosen screw (4) and nut (5), knock out cylindrical pin (6), separate the upper half (1) and lower half (2) along the split surface by a distance that allows the spherical grinding rod (8) to be inserted into two spherical positions in the stepped through hole; S8, once again align the upper half (1) and lower half (2) by splitting the surfaces, then tighten the screws (4) and nuts (5) to bring the upper half (1) and lower half (2) together and insert the cylindrical pin (6) to ensure that the spherical grinding rod (8) can rotate normally. At this time, grind the two spherical surfaces by rotating the spherical grinding rod (8). S9, following the method of S7, separate the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) along the splitting surface by a certain distance, take out the spherical grinding rod (8), and then follow the method of S8 to put the upper half (1) and the lower half (2) together along the splitting surface and insert the cylindrical pin (6). Then, use a standard part to insert into the stepped through hole to check the coloring area of ​​the spherical surface. After passing the test, seal it in the warehouse for storage.

3. The processing method for the high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S3, the upper half (1) and lower half (2) that have completed the machining of stepped holes, threaded holes and wire-passing holes are subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment method is sequential quenching and tempering.

4. The processing method for the high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S6, a CNC internal grinding machine is used in conjunction with a forming grinding wheel to grind two spherical surfaces on the wall of the stepped through hole.

5. The processing method for the high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S6, the forming surface of the forming grinding wheel is a partial spherical surface.

6. The processing method for the high-precision inner spherical coloring gauge according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hardness of the upper half (1) and lower half (2) after quenching and tempering is HRC58~62.

Images