Techniques for increasing randomness between communication lanes of a multi-lane wired data communication link
By initializing scrambler seeds in a multi-channel wired communication link and ensuring the phase difference between seeds, the crosstalk problem caused by data correlation between channels is solved, enabling higher data rate transmission and reduced crosstalk at the receiver.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-07-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
In existing multi-channel high-speed wired communication, the data correlation between channels makes it difficult to effectively eliminate crosstalk problems, especially when using a 33-bit scrambler with a shorter period, crosstalk at the receiver is difficult to eliminate.
Sufficient randomization of the data stream is achieved by initializing known scrambler seeds among the scrambler sets in a multi-channel data communication link and ensuring that the seeds are sufficiently far apart relative to each other. Specific measures include initializing the scrambler seeds at the start of communication and ensuring that the phase difference of the seed signals is separated according to the number of channels, for example, a 180-degree phase separation between two channels and a 90-degree phase separation between four channels.
It achieves effective elimination or significant reduction of crosstalk at the receiver, allows for higher data rate transmission, maintains good control over transmission limits, and does not affect the randomness between communication channels.
Smart Images
Figure CN119452608B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to high-speed wired communication physical layer device (PHY) technology and multi-channel transmission for high-bandwidth applications—particularly automotive applications. Specifically, this invention relates to techniques for increasing the randomness between communication channels in multi-channel wired data communication links. More specifically, this invention relates to scramblers and scrambler seed initialization for high-bandwidth transmission to achieve better data randomization. Background Technology
[0002] Multichannel high-speed wired communication PHY technology uses multiple channels to transmit data simultaneously to meet ever-increasing bandwidth demands, such as in automotive applications. All existing technologies based on multichannel communication use high-order polynomial scramblers to ensure no data correlation between channels. This is crucial for eliminating unavoidable crosstalk between channels. Recently, the IEEE 802.3cy automotive standard adopted a 33-bit scrambler with a scrambler period of 0.6 seconds. Multichannel PHY technology will deploy up to four channels to achieve a data rate of 100 Gbit / s and will replicate the same 33-bit scrambler for all channels. Given the short scrambler period, the data streams from each channel will be correlated, such as... Figure 1 As shown, these scramblers use the same 33-bit scrambler with a relatively short scrambler period. In this case, it is almost impossible to eliminate crosstalk at the receiver for highly correlated data streams. Instead, a very high-order polynomial scrambler can be used to eliminate the data correlation problem between channels. However, earlier research results clearly show that such high-order polynomial-based scramblers lead to undesirable transmit behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the polynomial order moderate and to find schemes to improve scrambler behavior to fully randomize the data stream between channels. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention provides a solution to overcome the crosstalk problem mentioned above in multi-channel high-speed wired data communication. Specifically, it proposes a scheme to increase the randomness between communication channels in a multi-channel wired data communication link.
[0004] The above and other objectives are achieved through the features of the independent claim. Other implementations will be apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.
[0005] This invention proposes a concept to reduce the aforementioned crosstalk problem by improving the randomness between communication channels in a multi-channel wired data communication link.
[0006] To eliminate crosstalk noise at the receiver, maintaining sufficient randomization of the data stream across multiple channels is crucial. However, relatively low-order scrambling polynomials cannot guarantee this in all scenarios. Therefore, this invention proposes a scrambler seed initialization technique to ensure that these seeds are sufficiently far apart ("well-spaced") and that the resulting data stream from these scramblers is sufficiently randomized. This initialization can be performed at the start of link startup to maintain the phase difference between the scramblers throughout.
[0007] The key points of this new randomization concept can be described as follows:
[0008] a) Initialize the known scrambler seed of the scrambler set at the start of the communication process between the two PHYs;
[0009] b) Ensure that the seed value and its positioning result maximize the randomization of data between the scrambler outputs;
[0010] c) The distance (phase) separation of the scrambler seed depends on the number of communication channels;
[0011] d) For example, if there are two channels, then ideally the scrambler seed needs to be 180 degrees phase-separated. If there are four channels, then ideally the scrambler set seed needs to be 90 degrees phase-separated.
[0012] The concepts described in this invention can be applied to automotive applications using multi-channel data communication. Multi-channel transmission can be achieved via shielded or unshielded cables, twisted-pair cables, or coaxial cables. The concepts described herein can be applied to PHY technology standards such as the IEEE 802.3 series, including 1000BASE-T, 2.5GBASE-T, 5GBASE-T, 10GBASE-T, and 40GBASE-T, particularly the multi-channel standards 50GBASE-T2 (2 channels) and 100GBASE-T4 (4 channels).
[0013] The techniques described in this invention can be used as a standard for the public randomization and initialization concepts of scramblers as defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
[0014] Besides automobiles, the technologies described in this article can also be applied to industrial and automation applications, automotive networks, avionics, control and automation, and more.
[0015] The disclosed technique achieves better randomization of data across different channels, making crosstalk cancellation easy to perform. Furthermore, maintaining a relatively short scrambler period allows for good control of transmit limits.
[0016] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to an apparatus for increasing the randomness between different communication channels of a multi-channel wired data communication link, the apparatus comprising: a multi-channel data transmitter for simultaneously transmitting data on a first communication channel and a second communication channel of the multi-channel wired data communication link; a set of data scramblers for scrambling the data before it is transmitted by the multi-channel data transmitter, wherein a first data scrambler in the set of data scramblers is assigned to scramble the data for transmission on the first communication channel, and a second data scrambler in the set of data scramblers is assigned to scramble the data for transmission on the second communication channel; the first data scrambler is used to scramble data starting from a first seed signal specifying an initial state of the first data scrambler, and the second data scrambler is used to scramble data starting from a second seed signal specifying an initial state of the second data scrambler, the first seed signal and the second seed signal being distinguished from each other by a predetermined signal distance measurement, the predetermined signal distance measurement increasing the randomness between the data from the set of data scramblers.
[0017] Such a device enables a significant increase in the randomness between different communication channels in a multi-channel wired data communication link. This means that crosstalk can be effectively eliminated or at least significantly reduced at the receiver. This allows data to be transmitted at higher data rates because the reduced crosstalk does not interfere with signal reconstruction at the receiver.
[0018] Pre-defined signal distance measurements can be predetermined in such a way that they achieve optimal or maximum randomness among the data from the data scrambler set.
[0019] This increase in randomness between different communication channels helps to minimize crosstalk at the receiver.
[0020] In an exemplary implementation of the device, a first seed signal and a second seed signal are predefined based on a predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0021] This allows for the advantage of this knowledge, namely that the receiver can optimally descrambled data. Predetermined signal distance measurements enable sufficient or even optimal randomness between different communication channels, allowing crosstalk to be detected at the receiver and optimally eliminated by it.
[0022] In an exemplary implementation of the device, a predetermined signal distance measurement is performed to enable data randomization between the communication channels of the multi-channel data transmitter, thereby minimizing or at least reducing the effects of crosstalk and / or mitigating crosstalk by elimination at the receiver if necessary.
[0023] This provides the advantage that there is sufficient data randomization between the communication channels of the multi-channel data transmitter, thus mitigating the effects of crosstalk. The receiver can eliminate or mitigate crosstalk if needed.
[0024] In an exemplary implementation of the device, each data scrambler in the data scrambler set includes a linear feedback shift register and a scrambler polynomial defining an XOR operation on the linear feedback shift register. Each linear feedback shift register is initialized by a corresponding seed signal before the multi-channel wired data communication link is initialized.
[0025] This provides the advantage that linear feedback shift registers do not operate using the same seed signal; that is, they have different seed signals, which can provide sufficient randomization between scrambled data. Therefore, crosstalk effects can be reduced.
[0026] In an exemplary implementation of the device, a first seed signal is associated with the initial state of a first linear feedback shift register, a second seed signal is associated with the initial state of a second linear feedback shift register, and the predetermined signal distance measurement is based on the Hamming distance relative to the initial states of the first and second linear feedback shift registers.
[0027] This provides the advantage that seed signals can be represented by their initial states. Therefore, seed signals can be easily implemented as bytes or words designed to be separated by Hamming distance. It should be understood that any other suitable metric can be used to separate the initial states.
[0028] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the first seed signal and the second seed signal have different phases, which are predefined based on the predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0029] This provides the advantage that different phases can be easily described by phase diagrams, and different phases can be described within a scrambler cycle.
[0030] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the phase difference between the first seed signal and the second seed signal is based on the number of communication channels of the multi-channel data transmitter.
[0031] This provides the advantage of being able to apply the maximum distance to each seed signal.
[0032] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the phase difference between the first seed signal and the second seed signal is within a threshold range of approximately 360 degrees divided by the number of communication channels, where 360 degrees corresponds to the period of the data scrambler in the data scrambler set.
[0033] This provides the advantage that the value of 360 degrees / (number of communication channels) specifies the maximum distance between seed signals. However, not only is an accurate value required, but sufficient randomization can still be provided between communication channels even with deviations from the accurate value.
[0034] In an exemplary implementation of the device, for a four-channel wired data communication link, the first seed signal of the first data scrambler associated with the first communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 45 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 45 degrees; the second seed signal of the second data scrambler associated with the second communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 135 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 135 degrees; the third seed signal of the third data scrambler associated with the third communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 225 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 225 degrees; and the fourth seed signal of the fourth data scrambler associated with the fourth communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 315 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 315 degrees.
[0035] This four-channel wired data communication link design provides optimal randomization among the four communication channels.
[0036] In an exemplary implementation of the device, for a dual-channel wired data communication link, the first seed signal of the first data scrambler associated with the first communication channel of the dual-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 90 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 90 degrees, and the second seed signal of the second data scrambler associated with the second communication channel of the dual-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 270 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 270 degrees.
[0037] This dual-channel wired data communication link design provides optimal randomization between the two communication channels.
[0038] In an exemplary implementation of the device, a set of data scramblers is used to dereference data from different communication channels of a multi-channel wired data communication link.
[0039] This provides the advantage that data from different communication channels are effectively decorrelated to provide sufficient randomization between communication channels, thereby effectively reducing or eliminating crosstalk at the receiver.
[0040] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the data scrambler set includes a self-synchronizing data scrambler for scrambling data without knowing the frame synchronization of the data.
[0041] This offers the advantage of not requiring frame synchronization of data, and the scrambling process is simple and quick.
[0042] In an exemplary implementation of the device, a multi-channel data transmitter is used to transmit data according to the 50GBASE-T2 and / or 100GBASE-T4 specifications.
[0043] This provides the advantage that these standards can be supported by the device.
[0044] In an exemplary implementation of the device, a multi-channel data transmitter is used to transmit data according to the IEEE 802.3cy standard.
[0045] According to the current version of the IEEE 802.3cy standard, data can be transmitted using a 33-bit data scrambler with a period of 613 milliseconds. It should be understood that later versions of this standard may support polynomials other than 33 bits (especially those higher than 33 bits), for example, if the 33-bit implementation is too short.
[0046] This provides the advantage that this standard and its higher versions can be supported by the device described.
[0047] In an exemplary implementation of the device, each data scrambler in the data scrambler set includes the same scrambler polynomial.
[0048] This provides the advantage that the data scramblers operate in the same way by using the same scrambler polynomial, with the only difference being their respective seed signals.
[0049] In an exemplary implementation of the apparatus, the apparatus includes: a set of registers for storing seed signals, each register being associated with a corresponding data scrambler in the set of data scramblers; and a control channel for receiving control signals for initializing a linear feedback shift register of the data scrambler with the corresponding seed signal stored in the set of registers during data transmission initialization.
[0050] This provides the advantage that the initialization of the data scrambler can be easily performed using a control signal that triggers the initialization.
[0051] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the first data scrambler continues to operate without entering a sleep mode when the multi-channel data transmitter or a portion of the multi-channel data transmitter associated with transmission on the first communication channel is about to enter a sleep mode.
[0052] This provides the advantage that the first data scrambler maintains the same phase difference relative to the other data scramblers initialized at the start. Therefore, phase asynchrony that would negatively impact proper randomization between communication channels will not occur.
[0053] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the first data scrambler enters a sleep mode upon receiving a sleep mode request; and once a wake-up request is received, the device determines the actual state of all data scramblers and determines a first seed signal based on the read states of all data scramblers and a predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0054] This provides the advantage that a predetermined signal distance measurement can be maintained between seed signals, and thus optimal randomization between communication channels can be maintained after one or more scramblers enter sleep mode.
[0055] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the device includes a controller configured to read the actual state of all data scramblers upon receiving the sleep mode request; the controller is configured to determine the corresponding seed signal of the data scrambler set based on the actual state of the data scramblers and the predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0056] This provides the advantage that the controller can be used to easily maintain a predetermined signal distance measurement between seed signals after a wake-up request.
[0057] In an exemplary implementation of the device, the controller is configured to determine a corresponding seed signal based on the number of cycles between receiving a sleep mode request and receiving a wake-up request.
[0058] This provides the advantage that the controller can easily reconstruct the initial state to maintain the predetermined signal distance measurement between seed signals after the wake-up request of the polynomial of the corresponding data scrambler, including the next seed write synchronization cycle.
[0059] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for increasing the randomness between different communication channels of a multi-channel wired data communication link, the method comprising: simultaneously transmitting data on a first communication channel and a second communication channel of the multi-channel wired data communication link; scrambling the data using a set of data scramblers, wherein a first data scrambler of the set is assigned to scramble the data for transmission through the first communication channel, and a second data scrambler of the set is assigned to scramble the data for transmission through the second communication channel, the first data scrambler scrambling the data starting from a first seed signal specifying an initial state of the first data scrambler, and the second data scrambler scrambling the data starting from a second seed signal specifying an initial state of the second data scrambler, the first seed signal and the second seed signal being distinguished from each other by a predetermined signal distance measurement, the predetermined signal distance measurement increasing the randomness between the data from the set of data scramblers.
[0060] This method offers the same advantages as the aforementioned apparatus. Specifically, it allows for a significant increase in the randomness between different communication channels in a multi-channel wired data communication link. This means that crosstalk can be effectively eliminated or at least significantly reduced at the receiver. This enables data transmission at higher data rates because the reduced crosstalk does not interfere with signal reconstruction at the receiver.
[0061] This method of increasing randomness between different communication channels helps to minimize crosstalk at the receiver. Attached Figure Description
[0062] Other embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0063] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-channel wired data communication link 100 without applying the concept according to the present invention is shown;
[0064] Figure 2 A block diagram of an apparatus 200 for increasing randomness between different communication channels according to the present invention is shown;
[0065] Figure 3 It is shown as follows Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of the phase difference 300 between the data scramblers used in the device 200 shown;
[0066] Figure 4 This shows the application as follows: Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the initialization 400 of the exemplary data scramblers 410, 420 in the illustrated device 200;
[0067] Figure 5 It is shown as follows Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of the initial state of the data scramblers 410 and 420;
[0068] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a method 600 for increasing randomness between different communication channels according to the present invention is shown;
[0069] Figure 7 An embodiment according to the first EEE mode is shown, such as Figure 2 The block diagram shown is of the device 200 in normal operation mode 700a and energy-efficient Ethernet (EEE) mode 700b.
[0070] Figure 8 An embodiment according to the second EEE mode is shown, such as Figure 2 The block diagram of the device 200 in EEE mode is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0071] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, illustrating specific aspects of the invention that can be practiced. It should be understood that other aspects may be utilized, and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be construed in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
[0072] It should be understood that the annotations relating to the described methods also apply to the devices or systems corresponding to the execution of the methods, and vice versa. For example, if a specific method step is described, the corresponding device may include units for executing the described method steps, even if such units are not illustrated or described in detail in the figures. Furthermore, it should be understood that, unless otherwise explicitly stated, features of the various exemplary aspects described herein can be combined with each other.
[0073] The device described herein can be used to send and / or receive data over a wired communication line, for example, according to IEEE 802.3 (including IEEE 802.3cy or IEEE 802.3ch). Wired transmission lines conforming to 10GBASE-T1, 25GBASE-T1, 50GBASE-T2, 100GBASE-T4 and other specifications can be used.
[0074] This invention describes a multi-channel wired data communication link comprising multiple communication channels. Each communication channel is a separate communication link for data transmission. For example, such a communication channel can be twisted pair, coaxial cable, or any other suitable design. The multiple communication channels of the multi-channel wired data communication link can share the same reference line, for example, having the same ground; or they can include dedicated reference lines, for example, each communication channel can have a dedicated ground, or any combination thereof. This multi-channel wired data communication link can be used for high-speed communication, providing accurate and repeatable results. This multi-channel wired data communication link can be designed with minimal attenuation and signal distortion, and operate efficiently in the frequency band of interest.
[0075] This invention describes an Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) mode. EEE mode is an optional operating mode that enables low power consumption when data transmission between two link partners is not required. In this scenario, since there is no content to transmit, one or more of the two link partners (for 50GBASE-T2) or one or more of the four link partners (for 100GBASE-T4) may request to enter a "low power idle (LPI)" mode or a "low power sleep" mode. When content needs to be transmitted, one of the link partners will receive a "wake-up" message, and the link will wake up from idle to normal operating mode to send data. In this scenario, when the link wakes up from "idle or deep sleep," this invention proposes a scheme to ensure that the scrambler seed remains at the same phase shift it initialized before the link was enabled.
[0076] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-channel wired data communication link 100 without applying the concept according to the present invention is shown. The multi-channel wired data communication link 100 has four communication channels 121, 122, 123, and 124, transmitting data from one PHY 120 to another PHY 110, which here acts as a receiver and sensitive device 111 for crosstalk 122a, 123a, and 124a from adjacent communication channels 122, 123, and 124.
[0077] All existing technologies based on multichannel communication use high-order polynomial scramblers to ensure no data correlation between channels. This is crucial for eliminating unavoidable crosstalk between channels, such as... Figure 1 As shown. Recently, the IEEE 802.3cy automotive application standard adopted a 33-bit scrambler with a scrambler period of 0.6 seconds. Multichannel PHY technology will deploy up to four channels 121, 122, 123, and 124 to achieve a data rate of 100 Gbit / s, and will replicate the same 33-bit scrambler for all channels.
[0078] Given the short scrambler cycle, the data streams from each channel will be correlated, such as... Figure 1The example shown for the first communication channel 121 uses the same 33-bit scrambler with a relatively short scrambler period. In this case, it is almost impossible to eliminate crosstalk at the receiver for highly correlated data streams. Instead, a very high-order polynomial scrambler can be used to eliminate the data correlation problem between channels. However, earlier research results clearly show that such high-order polynomial-based scramblers lead to undesirable transmission behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the polynomial order moderate and to find other schemes to improve scrambler behavior to adequately randomize the data stream between channels.
[0079] The following section introduces another scheme that can achieve better randomization.
[0080] Figure 2 A block diagram of an apparatus 200 according to the present invention for increasing the randomness between different communication channels 231, 232 of a multi-channel wired data communication link 230 is shown.
[0081] The device 200 includes multi-channel data transmitters 210 and 220 for simultaneously transmitting data on the first communication channel 231 and the second communication channel 232 of the multi-channel wired data communication link 230.
[0082] The apparatus 200 includes sets of data scramblers 211 and 221 for scrambling data before it is transmitted by the multi-channel data transmitters 210 and 220. A first data scrambler 211 in the sets of data scramblers 211 and 221 is assigned to scramble data for transmission on a first communication channel 231. A second data scrambler 221 in the sets of data scramblers 211 and 221 is assigned to scramble data for transmission on a second communication channel 232.
[0083] The first data scrambler 211 is used to scramble data starting from the first seed signal 212 that specifies the initial state of the first data scrambler 211.
[0084] The second data scrambler 221 is used to scramble data starting from the second seed signal 222, which specifies the initial state of the second data scrambler 221.
[0085] The first seed signal 212 and the second seed signal 222 are distinguished from each other by a predetermined signal distance measurement. This predetermined signal distance measurement is designed to increase the randomness between the data from the data scrambler set.
[0086] Pre-defined signal distance measurements can be predetermined in such a way that they achieve optimal or maximum randomness among the data from the data scrambler set.
[0087] This increase in randomness between different communication channels helps to minimize crosstalk at the receiver.
[0088] The first seed signal 212 and the second seed signal 222 can be predefined according to a predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0089] Signal distance measurements can be predetermined so that data between communication channels 231 and 232 of the multi-channel data transmitters 210 and 220 can be randomized, thereby minimizing or at least reducing the effects of crosstalk 122a, 123a, and 124a, such as... Figure 1 As shown; or / and if crosstalk needs to be mitigated by elimination at the receiver, for example, as Figure 1 As shown, at PHY 110.
[0090] Each data scrambler in data scrambler sets 211 and 221 may include linear feedback shift registers 410 and 420, such as Figure 4 As exemplified in the diagram, and defining the scrambler polynomials for the XOR operation on the linear feedback shift registers 410, 420. Before the multi-channel wired data communication link 230 is initialized, i.e. before the line is connected, each linear feedback shift register 410, 420 can be initialized by the corresponding seed signals 212, 222.
[0091] For example, for 10GBASE-T, the host (such as the transmitter) can use the polynomial: 1 + X 39 +X 58 The slave device (such as the receiver) can use the polynomial: 1 + X 19 +X 58 For 1000BASE-T1, the host can use the polynomial: 1 + X 4 +X 15 The slave machine can use the polynomial: 1 + X 11 +X 15 For 1000BASE-T, the host can use the polynomial: 1 + X 13 +X 33 The slave machine can use the polynomial: 1 + X 20 +X 33 .
[0092] The first seed signal 212 can be associated with the initial state of the first linear feedback shift register 410, and the second seed signal 222 can be associated with the initial state of the second linear feedback shift register 420. The predetermined signal distance measurement can be based on the Hamming distance or any other metric relative to the initial states of the first and second linear feedback shift registers 410 and 420.
[0093] The first seed signal 212 and the second seed signal 222 can be designed to have different phases, for example, Figure 3 As shown. The phase can be predefined based on a predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0094] The phase difference 320 between the first seed signal 212 and the second seed signal 222 can be based on the number of communication channels 231 and 232 of the multi-channel data transmitters 210 and 220, for example, Figure 3 The example shown is a 4-channel communication link.
[0095] The phase difference 320 between the first seed signal 212 and the second seed signal 222 can be within a threshold range of approximately 360 degrees divided by the number of communication channels 231 and 232, such as... Figure 3 As shown. 360 degrees corresponds to the period 310 of data scramblers 211 and 221 in the data scrambler set. In Figure 3 In the example, this period is 613 milliseconds.
[0096] In one exemplary implementation, a four-channel wired data communication link 230 can be used. Then, the first seed signal 301 of the first data scrambler 211 associated with the first communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 45 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 45 degrees, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The second seed signal 302 of the second data scrambler 221 associated with the second communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 135 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 135 degrees, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The third seed signal 303 of the third data scrambler associated with the third communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 225 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 225 degrees, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The fourth seed signal 304 of the fourth data scrambler associated with the fourth communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 315 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 315 degrees, such as... Figure 3 As shown.
[0097] For example, the aforementioned threshold ranges can be within + / -1°, + / -2°, + / -3°, + / -5°, + / -10°, + / -15°, + / -20°, + / -25°, and + / -30° of the corresponding phase. It should be understood that other suitable ranges and asymmetric ranges also apply.
[0098] In another exemplary implementation, a dual-channel wired data communication link 230 can be used. In this implementation, the first seed signal of the first data scrambler 211 associated with the first communication channel of the dual-channel data transmitter may correspond to a phase of 90 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 90 degrees. The second seed signal of the second data scrambler 221 associated with the second communication channel of the dual-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 270 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 270 degrees.
[0099] For example, the aforementioned threshold ranges can be within + / -1°, + / -2°, + / -3°, + / -5°, + / -10°, + / -15°, + / -20°, + / -25°, + / -30°, + / -35°, + / -40°, + / -50°, and + / -60° of the corresponding phase. It should be understood that other suitable ranges and asymmetric ranges also apply.
[0100] This dual-channel wired data communication link 230 can also be based on Figure 3 Let's define an example where seed signals corresponding to phases of 135 degrees and 315 degrees are removed. Then, the first seed signal can correspond to a phase of 45 degrees, and the second seed signal can correspond to a phase of 225 degrees, separated by 180 degrees.
[0101] Data scrambler sets 211 and 221 can be used to decorrelate data from different communication channels 231 and 232 of the multi-channel wired data communication link 230.
[0102] Data scrambler sets 211 and 221 may include self-synchronizing data scramblers for scrambling data without knowing the frame synchronization of the data.
[0103] A self-synchronizing scrambler is a multiplicative scrambler (also called a feedthrough) that performs multiplication of the input signal in Z-space through the scrambler's transfer function, for example, as... Figure 4 As shown. These are discrete linear time-invariant systems. Multiplicative scramblers are recursive, while multiplicative descramblers are non-recursive. Unlike additive scramblers, multiplicative scramblers do not require frame synchronization, which is why they are also called self-synchronizing. Similarly, multiplicative scramblers / descramblers are defined by a polynomial, which is also the transfer function of the descrambler.
[0104] In one exemplary implementation, multichannel data transmitters 210 and 220 can be used to transmit data according to 50GBASE-T2 and / or 100GBASE-T4 specifications.
[0105] In one exemplary implementation, the multichannel data transmitters 210 and 220 can be used to transmit data according to the IEEE 802.3cy standard.
[0106] According to the current version of the IEEE 802.3cy standard, data can be transmitted using a 33-bit data scrambler with a period of 613 milliseconds. It should be understood that later versions of this standard may support polynomials other than 33 bits (especially those higher than 33 bits), for example, if the 33-bit implementation is too short.
[0107] Each data scrambler in data scrambler sets 211 and 221 may include the same scrambler polynomial.
[0108] Device 200 may also include: register sets 411, 421, for example, such as Figure 4 As shown, these are used to store seed signals 212 and 222. Each register can be associated with a corresponding data scrambler in data scrambler sets 211 and 221.
[0109] The device 200 may include a control channel for receiving control signals 401, such as... Figure 4 As shown. Control signal 401 can be used to initialize the linear feedback shift registers 410 and 420 of data scramblers 211 and 221 with the corresponding seed signals 212 and 222 stored in register sets 411 and 421 during the initialization of data transmission 230.
[0110] Figure 3 It is shown as follows Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of a phase difference 300 between data scramblers used in the device 200 shown.
[0111] Figure 3 The example illustrates a four-channel wired data communication link 230. For example, as... Figure 2 As shown, the first seed signal 301 of the first data scrambler 211 associated with the first communication channel 231 of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 45 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 45 degrees. For example, such a threshold range can be within + / -1°, + / -2°, + / -3°, + / -5°, + / -10°, + / -15°, + / -20°, + / -25°, and + / -30° of a 45° phase.
[0112] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second seed signal 302 of the second data scrambler 221 associated with the second communication channel 232 of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 135 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 135 degrees. For example, such a threshold range can be within + / -1°, + / -2°, + / -3°, + / -5°, + / -10°, + / -15°, + / -20°, + / -25°, and + / -30° of a 135° phase.
[0113] The third seed signal 303 of the third data scrambler associated with the third communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 225 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 225 degrees. For example, such a threshold range can be within + / -1°, + / -2°, + / -3°, + / -5°, + / -10°, + / -15°, + / -20°, + / -25°, or + / -30° of a 225° phase.
[0114] The fourth seed signal 304 of the fourth data scrambler associated with the fourth communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter can correspond to a phase of 315 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 315 degrees, such as... Figure 3 As shown. For example, such threshold ranges can be within + / -1°, + / -2°, + / -3°, + / -5°, + / -10°, + / -15°, + / -20°, + / -25°, and + / -30° of a 315° phase.
[0115] In this example of a four-channel wired data communication link 230, each seed signal has a 90° phase difference 320°.
[0116] Figure 3 This demonstrates that maintaining sufficient randomization of the data stream across multiple channels is crucial for eliminating crosstalk noise at the receiver. However, relatively low-order scrambling polynomials cannot guarantee this in all scenarios. Therefore, alternative methods should be applied... Figure 3 The four-channel wired data communication link 230 exemplarily illustrates the disclosed scrambler seed initialization technique to ensure that the seeds are sufficiently far apart ("spaced far apart") relative to each other, and that the resulting data stream from these scramblers is adequately randomized. This initialization can be performed at the start of link startup to maintain the phase difference between the scramblers throughout.
[0117] Figure 4 This shows the application as follows: Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the initialization 400 of the exemplary data scramblers 410, 420 in the device 200 shown.
[0118] Figure 4 Scramblers 410 and 420 are shown; they are linear feedback shift registers. An XOR operation is performed accordingly based on the definition of the scrambler polynomial. Furthermore, the seed for the corresponding scramblers 410 and 420 depends on the number of channels available for a particular wired communication technology, as stated above. Figure 2The initialization 401 of the seed signals 212 and 222 is predetermined and stored in registers 411 and 421. Each time before the communication link is established, the contents of registers 411 and 421 are loaded into the corresponding scramblers 410 and 420. If necessary, tests can be performed to ensure that the scrambler set generates sufficiently random data.
[0119] The phase difference between the seeds 212 and 222 of scramblers 410 and 420 depends on the number of channels. For example, a phase difference corresponding to 360 degrees per channel can be applied.
[0120] In one embodiment, phase separation between seeds is ideal. For example, for a wired four-channel communication technology, the spacing between scrambler seeds is exactly 90 degrees. Based on the phase separation, the seed content will be calculated and stored in registers 411 and 421.
[0121] This phase separation enables excellent randomization of the data from scrambler sets 410 and 420.
[0122] In another embodiment, the phase separation between seeds may differ slightly from the ideal value. For example, in the case of a four-channel wired communication technology, the ideal phase difference is 90 degrees; however, due to practical reasons, the phase difference between scramblers may be slightly less than 90 degrees or slightly more than 90 degrees.
[0123] The size of the scrambler polynomial is not limited to a single number. A technique can be applied that evaluates the scrambler seed separation based on the phase (degrees) or distance (milliseconds) and the corresponding content of each scrambler, thus enabling sufficiently random data to be provided at the scrambler output.
[0124] This phase separation enables the data from scrambler sets 410 and 420 to be fully randomized.
[0125] In other embodiments, the scrambler seed phase difference, or the distance interval in milliseconds, can be changed to a certain extent until the random behavior between the outputs of scramblers 410 and 420 begins to deteriorate.
[0126] Even with this phase separation, the data from scrambler sets 410 and 420 are still sufficiently randomized.
[0127] Figure 5 It is shown as follows Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of the initial state of the data scramblers 410 and 420.
[0128] In a four-channel communication link, the first seed signal, for example... Figure 2The seed signal 212 shown can be associated with the initial state of the first linear feedback shift register 410, for example... Figure 4 As shown. The initial state of the first linear feedback shift register 410 can be "0001", for example, as Figure 5 As shown. The second seed signal can be associated with the initial state of the second linear feedback shift register. The initial state of the second linear feedback shift register can be "0101", for example, as... Figure 5 As shown. The third seed signal can be associated with the initial state of the third linear feedback shift register. The initial state of the third linear feedback shift register can be "1001", for example, as... Figure 5 As shown. The fourth seed signal can be associated with the initial state of the fourth linear feedback shift register. The initial state of the fourth linear feedback shift register can be "1011", for example, as... Figure 5 As shown.
[0129] Figure 6 This illustrates a method for adding multi-channel wired data communication links 230 according to the present invention (e.g., Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a method 600 for randomizing different communication channels (shown).
[0130] Method 600 includes: as mentioned above regarding Figure 2 The 601 data is transmitted simultaneously through the first communication channel 231 and the second communication channel 232 of the multi-channel wired data communication link.
[0131] Method 600 includes: scrambling data 602 by a set of data scramblers, wherein a first data scrambler 211 in the sets of data scramblers 211 and 221 is assigned to scramble data for transmission via a first communication channel 231, and a second data scrambler 221 in the sets of data scramblers 211 and 221 is assigned to scramble data for transmission via a second communication channel 232, for example, as described above regarding... Figure 2 The first data scrambler 211 scrambles data starting from a first seed signal 212 specifying the initial state of the first data scrambler 211, and the second data scrambler 221 scrambles data starting from a second seed signal 222 specifying the initial state of the second data scrambler 221. The first seed signal 212 and the second seed signal 222 are distinguished from each other by a predetermined signal distance measurement, which increases the randomness between the data from the set of data scramblers.
[0132] This method of increasing randomness between different communication channels helps to minimize crosstalk at the receiver.
[0133] Figure 7 The first embodiment is shown, as follows: Figure 2 The block diagram shown is of the device 200 in normal operation mode 700a and Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) mode 700b.
[0134] In the above diagram, as Figure 2 As shown, a multi-channel wired data communication link is illustrated in normal operating mode 700a between two devices 200. Each communication channel 231, 232, 233, 234 between the two corresponding PHYs 210, 220, 230, 240 is connected, i.e., operating in normal mode.
[0135] In the diagram below, the multi-channel wired data communication link is shown in EEE mode 700b. In this example, the fourth communication channel 234 will be in sleep mode, while the other communication channels 231, 232, and 233 will remain active, i.e., operating in normal mode.
[0136] This is just one example of EEE mode. In other examples, the first communication channel 231 may be in sleep mode, while the other communication channels 232, 233, and 234 may be in sleep or idle mode, i.e., in EEE mode. Any combination of on and sleep or idle modes of different communication channels is possible; for example, three communication channels may be in sleep or idle mode and one communication channel may be in on or normal mode, or two communication channels may be in sleep or idle mode and two other communication channels may be in on or normal mode.
[0137] Regarding the diagram above, all four PHYs 210, 220, 230, and 240 undergo a startup process by initializing scrambler seeds with sufficiently large intervals to maintain good data randomization across channels, for example, as mentioned above. Figure 2 As described above. After the link performs normal data transmission, one or more of the link partners receive a request to enter a "low-power sleep" or "low-power idle" mode. This request is then sent to one or more link partners at the other end, and that particular link enters a low-power idle or low-power sleep mode, as described above. Figure 7 As shown in the lower chart.
[0138] After a certain time interval, one of the link partners can receive a wake-up message, which is then sent to the other partners. Once the sleeping or idle PHY enters normal data mode, the scrambler seed should maintain the same phase difference as initially initialized. This invention presents the above-mentioned... Figure 2 Two embodiments of the described device 200 are designed to maintain the same phase difference as when initialization begins after entering normal data mode.
[0139] according to Figure 7 In the first embodiment shown, the data scrambler must not enter sleep mode during low-power idle or low-power sleep modes.
[0140] Although the PHY or PHY set is in dormant or idle mode, its or their data scramblers 211, 221 (see Figure 2 It must operate continuously in order to maintain the same phase difference between data scramblers 211 and 221.
[0141] Figure 8 The second embodiment is shown, as follows Figure 2 The block diagram of the device 200 in EEE mode is shown.
[0142] Figure 8 The following is illustrated in the EEE mode according to the second embodiment: Figure 2 The diagram shows a multi-channel wired data communication link between the two devices 200. In this example, the fourth communication channel 234 will be in sleep mode, while the other communication channels 231, 232, and 233 will remain active, operating in normal mode.
[0143] In this second embodiment, the data scrambler will enter sleep mode during low-power idle or low-power sleep modes.
[0144] Once the PHY receives a wake-up request, it reads all scrambler states and calculates the required phase difference only for the PHY in idle or sleep mode. The corresponding seed, i.e., based on... Figure 2 The seed signals 212 and 222 will be used again to initialize the PHYs that have disappeared due to "idle" or "dormant" states.
[0145] Once the seed is reinitialized, only these PHYs and their corresponding link partners will proceed with training or full data transmission.
[0146] Exemplary functions of the device 200 are described below.
[0147] In device 200, the first data scrambler 211 can enter sleep mode upon receiving a sleep mode request. Once a wake-up request is received, device 200 can determine the actual state of all data scramblers and determine the first seed signal 212 based on the read states of all data scramblers and a predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0148] The device 200 may include a controller 811 for reading the actual state 812 of all data scramblers 211, 221, 231, and 241 upon receiving a sleep mode request. The controller 811 may be used to determine the corresponding seed signals 212, 222, 232, and 242 of the data scrambler set based on the actual state 812 of the data scramblers 211, 221, 231, and 241 and a predetermined signal distance measurement.
[0149] Controller 811 can be used to receive a sleep mode request and receive scrambler polynomials (e.g., as described above for the next seed write synchronization cycle) to the corresponding data scramblers 211, 221, 231, 241, according to the received sleep mode request. Figure 4 The number of cycles between the wake-up requests of the scrambler polynomial determines the corresponding seed signals 212, 222, 232, and 242.
[0150] While specific features or aspects of the invention may have been disclosed in combination with only one of several implementations, such features or aspects may be combined with one or more features or aspects of other implementations, provided that they are necessary or advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to a certain extent, the terms “comprising,” “having,” “possessing,” or other variations of these words are used in the detailed description or claims; such terms, like the term “comprising,” are similar in meaning to indicate inclusion. Similarly, the terms “exemplary” and “for example” are used only as examples and not as best or most preferred. The terms “coupled” and “connected,” as well as their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms may be used to indicate that two elements cooperate or interact with each other, whether they are in direct physical contact or electrical contact, or whether they are not in direct contact with each other.
[0151] While specific aspects have been illustrated and described herein, those skilled in the art will understand that various alternatives and / or equivalent implementations may replace the specific aspects shown and described without departing from the scope of the invention. This application is intended to cover any modifications or alterations to the specific aspects discussed herein.
[0152] Although the elements in the above claims are listed in a specific order using corresponding labels, these elements are not necessarily limited to being implemented in that specific order unless the description of the claims otherwise implies a specific order for implementing some or all of these elements.
[0153] Based on the above guidance, many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Of course, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that numerous other applications of the invention exist besides those described herein. Although the invention has been described with reference to one or more specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention can be practiced in ways other than those specifically described herein, as long as it remains within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An apparatus (200) for increasing the randomness between different communication channels (231, 232) of a multi-channel wired data communication link (230), the apparatus (200) comprising: A multi-channel data transmitter (210, 220) is used to simultaneously transmit data on the first communication channel (231) and the second communication channel (232) of the multi-channel wired data communication link (230); A set of data scramblers (211, 221) is used to scramble the data before the multi-channel data transmitter (210, 220) transmits the data, wherein a first data scrambler (211) in the set of data scramblers (211, 221) is assigned to scramble the data for transmission through a first communication channel (231), and a second data scrambler (221) in the set of data scramblers (211, 221) is assigned to scramble the data for transmission through a second communication channel (232); The first data scrambler (211) is used to scramble data starting from a first seed signal (212) that specifies the initial state of the first data scrambler (211); The second data scrambler (221) is used to scramble data starting from a second seed signal (222) that specifies the initial state of the second data scrambler (221); The first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) are distinguished from each other by a predetermined signal distance measurement, which increases the randomness between the data from the data scrambler set; the first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) have different phases, which are predefined according to the predetermined signal distance measurement.
2. The device (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) are predefined according to the predetermined signal distance measurement.
3. The apparatus (200) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The signal distance measurement is predetermined so that data randomization can be performed between the communication channels (231, 232) of the multi-channel data transmitters (210, 220) to minimize or at least reduce the effects of crosstalk (122a, 123a, 124a) and / or mitigate crosstalk if necessary by elimination at the receiver.
4. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: Each data scrambler in the set of data scramblers (211, 221) includes a linear feedback shift register (410, 420) and a scrambler polynomial defining the XOR operation on the linear feedback shift register (410, 420). Each linear feedback shift register (410, 420) is initialized by a corresponding seed signal (212, 222) before the multi-channel wired data communication link (230) is initialized.
5. The apparatus (200) according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first seed signal (212) is associated with the initial state of the first linear feedback shift register (410), and the second seed signal (222) is associated with the initial state of the second linear feedback shift register (420). The predetermined signal distance measurement is based on the Hamming distance relative to the initial states of the first linear feedback shift register (410) and the second linear feedback shift register (420).
6. The apparatus (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase difference (320) between the first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) is based on the number of communication channels (231, 232) of the multi-channel data transmitter (210, 220).
7. The apparatus (200) according to claim 6, characterized in that: The phase difference (320) between the first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) is within a threshold range of approximately 360 degrees divided by the number of the communication channels (231, 232); The 360 degrees correspond to the period (310) of the data scramblers (211, 221) in the data scrambler set.
8. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, For a four-channel wired data communication link (230): The first seed signal (301) of the first data scrambler (211) associated with the first communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 45 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of about 45 degrees; The second seed signal (302) of the second data scrambler (221) associated with the second communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 135 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of about 135 degrees; The third seed signal (303) of the third data scrambler associated with the third communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 225 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of approximately 225 degrees; The fourth seed signal (304) of the fourth data scrambler associated with the fourth communication channel of the four-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 315 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of about 315 degrees.
9. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, For dual-channel wired data communication links: The first seed signal of the first data scrambler (211) associated with the first communication channel of the dual-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 90 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of about 90 degrees; The second seed signal of the second data scrambler (221) associated with the second communication channel of the dual-channel data transmitter corresponds to a phase of 270 degrees or a phase within a threshold range of about 270 degrees.
10. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The data scrambler set (211, 221) is used to decorrelate the data of different communication channels (231, 232) of the multi-channel wired data communication link (230).
11. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The data scrambler set (211, 221) includes a self-synchronizing data scrambler for scrambling the data without knowing the frame synchronization of the data.
12. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The multi-channel data transmitters (210, 220) are used to transmit data according to the 50GBASE-T2 and / or 100GBASE-T4 specifications.
13. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The multi-channel data transmitters (210, 220) are used to transmit data according to the IEEE 802.3cy standard.
14. The apparatus (200) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Each data scrambler in the data scrambler set (211, 221) includes the same scrambler polynomial.
15. The apparatus (200) according to claim 14, characterized in that, include: A set of registers (411, 421) for storing seed signals (212, 222), each register being associated with a corresponding data scrambler in the set of data scramblers (211, 221); The control channel is used to receive control signals (401), which are used to initialize the linear feedback shift registers (410, 420) of the data scrambler (211, 221) with corresponding seed signals (212, 222) stored in the register set (411, 421) during data transmission initialization.
16. The apparatus (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: When the multichannel data transmitter (210, 220) or a portion of the multichannel data transmitter (210, 220) associated with transmission via the first communication channel (231) enters a sleep mode, the first data scrambler (211) continues to operate without entering a sleep mode.
17. The apparatus (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: The first data scrambler (211) enters sleep mode upon receiving a sleep mode request; Once a wake-up request is received, the device is used to determine the actual state of all data scramblers and to determine the first seed signal (212) based on the read state of all data scramblers and a predetermined signal distance measurement.
18. The apparatus (200) according to claim 17, characterized in that: Includes a controller (811) for reading the actual state (812) of all data scramblers (211, 221) once a sleep mode request is received. The controller (811) is used to determine the corresponding seed signals (212, 222) of the data scrambler set based on the actual state (812) of the data scramblers (211, 221) and the predetermined signal distance measurement.
19. The apparatus (200) according to claim 18, characterized in that: The controller (811) is used to determine the corresponding seed signal (212, 222) based on the number of cycles between receiving the sleep mode request and receiving the wake-up request including the next seed write synchronization cycle of the scrambler polynomial of the corresponding data scrambler.
20. A method (600) for increasing the randomness between different communication channels of a multi-channel wired data communication link (230), the method (600) comprising: Data (601) is simultaneously transmitted on the first communication channel (231) and the second communication channel (232) of the multi-channel wired data communication link; The data is scrambled (602) by a set of data scramblers, wherein a first data scrambler (211) of the set of data scramblers (211, 221) is assigned to scramble the data for transmission through a first communication channel (231), and a second data scrambler (221) of the set of data scramblers (211, 221) is assigned to scramble the data for transmission through a second communication channel (232); The first data scrambler (211) scrambles the data starting from a first seed signal (212) that specifies the initial state of the first data scrambler (211); The second data scrambler (221) scrambles the data starting from a second seed signal (222) that specifies the initial state of the second data scrambler (221); The first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) are distinguished from each other by a predetermined signal distance measurement, which increases the randomness between the data from the data scrambler set; the first seed signal (212) and the second seed signal (222) have different phases, which are predefined according to the predetermined signal distance measurement.