Water and fertilizer management method for saline-alkali soil rice planting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil rice planting water and fertilizer management method, which combines the technical characteristics of saline-alkali soil rice planting, takes a rice leaf age diagnosis technology as a basis, reasonably adjusts the nitrogen fertilizer proportion of base tillering spikes, adjusts the application periods of tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer, and improves the water layer management efficiency in the aspect of water layer management. A shallow, wet and deep alternate irrigation mode is adopted, the technical problem of water and fertilizer management existing in current saline-alkali soil rice production is solved, the individual robustness of saline-alkali soil rice is promoted, the contradiction between individuals and groups is coordinated, the group quality is improved, and therefore high yield and high efficiency of saline-alkali soil rice planting are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a water and fertilizer management method for rice planting in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] In the current rice production on saline-alkali land in western Jilin, basal fertilizer is applied before field soaking, and a large amount of basal fertilizer is lost after the fields are washed and drained; the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the basal fertilizer is too high, the utilization rate is low, and the operation is unreasonable; there is only nitrogen fertilizer as green fertilizer, and the type is single, the greening is slow, and the seedling survival rate is low; the application period of tillering fertilizer and ear fertilizer does not match the optimal fertilizer requirement period of saline-alkali land rice, resulting in many ineffective tillers and low ear formation rate; the irrigation method has been flooding for a long time, the water layer is too deep, there is no alternation of deep and shallow wetness, and water resources are seriously wasted. Relevant measures in fertilization technology and water layer management need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water and fertilizer management method for rice planting in saline-alkali land. The method of the present invention takes the leaf age process as the main line, accurately quantifies the fertilization period and the water layer management diagnostic index, rationally proportions the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilization, combines the base, tiller and ear, combines the depth and shallowness of the water layer management, and timely and lightly dries the field, so as to achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency of rice planting in saline-alkali land; it is suitable for rice planting in saline-alkali land in western Jilin, starting from cultivating dry-cultivated strong seedlings until rice heading and maturity. It includes: seedling raising period, transplanting period, greening and tillering period, growth transformation period, ear growth period and fruiting period.

[0004] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for managing water and fertilizer for rice planting in saline-alkali land, wherein N represents the total number of leaves on the main stem of rice, and n represents the number of elongated internodes on the main stem of rice, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1. Fertilization method

[0007] (1) Basal fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-25% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, 100% of the total phosphorus fertilizer and 50-60% of the total potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period; after the paddy field is drained, an unmanned aerial vehicle or a side deep fertilizer transplanter is used to apply fertilizer to reduce fertilizer loss caused by paddy field drainage; the specific total amount of fertilizer is determined based on the results of the soil basic fertility test, the rice variety, the target yield and the climatic conditions;

[0008] (2) Greening fertilizer and tillering fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer added is 45-55% of the total nitrogen fertilizer during the entire rice growth period, of which greening fertilizer is 10-15% and tillering fertilizer is 35-45%; microbial granular inoculants are added at the same time as greening fertilizer, and the application is completed at the 4-leaf stage to promote root development; tillering fertilizer is applied in 2-3 times, starting from the 6th leaf stage and ending 2 leaves before the critical leaf age of effective tillering (Nn-2), to promote the occurrence of effective tillering, control the number of ineffective tillers, and improve the ear formation rate;

[0009] (3) Ear fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-35% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and 40-50% of the total potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period. The ear fertilizer is applied all at once during the middle leaf age of jointing (N-n+3).

[0010] 2. Water layer management methods

[0011] (1) 3.1-4.5 leaves: shallow water

[0012] During the rice greening period, keep the water shallow at about 3-5cm and do not let it dry out;

[0013] (2) 4.5 to (Nn-1) leaves: shallow wet alternation

[0014] During the effective tillering period of rice, irrigate with shallow water of 3-5 cm. Keep the water layer on sunny days. On cloudy days, dry the field for 1 day and water it again the next day.

[0015] (3) (Nn-1) to (N-n+2) leaves: deep water

[0016] One leaf age before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, deep water tillering is first carried out, with a depth of 15-20cm, maintained for 7-10 days, and then drained, which plays the role of tillering control and washing salt and reducing alkali. Repeat the water layer management in this way;

[0017] (4) (N-n+3) Leaf arrival (flag leaf tip exposed): alternating shallow wetness

[0018] When rice starts to joint, the depth is 5-7cm, and the field surface is naturally soaked until there is water in the footholes, and then water is added. Repeat this water layer management, and do not let it dry until the tip of the sword leaf is exposed;

[0019] (5) (flag leaf tip exposed) to (flag leaf ear pulled out 5 cm): deep water

[0020] During the period from the tip of the sword leaf to the sword leaf ear + 5cm, the water layer is deepened to more than 17cm to prevent obstructive chilling damage and wash away salt and reduce alkali;

[0021] (6) (flag leaf ear is 5 cm out) to heading: alternating shallow wetting

[0022] When the water layer is restored to 5-7cm, it will naturally seep and dry until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, then water will be irrigated again. Repeat the water layer management until the ears begin to emerge.

[0023] (7) Heading stage: shallow water

[0024] During the rice ear emergence period, keep the field surface with water, with a water layer of 5-7cm;

[0025] (8) After the ears are fully grown - yellow and ripe: alternating between shallow and wet

[0026] Water 5-7cm each time, and let it seep naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, then water again. Repeat this process of water layer management until the rice is ripe. Generally, stop irrigation at the end of waxy maturity and drain at the beginning of yellow maturity to ensure the irrigation time after the rice ears emerge. For low-lying plots, drain in advance.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 1, a rice transplanter is used to transplant the rice seedlings into the field; and the fertilization method of greening fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and ear fertilizer is to spread by drone.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] 1. The present invention combines the technical characteristics of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, takes rice leaf age diagnosis technology as the basis, reasonably adjusts the nitrogen fertilizer ratio of basal tiller to panicle, adjusts the application period of tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, and adopts shallow, wet and deep alternating irrigation mode in water layer management to solve the current water and fertilizer management technical problems existing in saline-alkali land rice production, promotes the individual robustness of saline-alkali land rice, coordinates the contradiction between individuals and groups, improves the group quality, and thus achieves high yield and high efficiency of saline-alkali land rice cultivation.

[0030] 2. In terms of fertilization technology, the present invention postpones the application of nitrogen fertilizer, reduces the nitrogen fertilizer ratio of the basal fertilizer, and increases the nitrogen fertilizer ratio of the tillering and ear fertilizers; in view of the long greening period of saline-alkali land, the start of application of tillering fertilizer is delayed to the 6-leaf stage.

[0031] 3. In terms of water management technology, the present invention adopts a shallow, wet and deep alternating irrigation mode to replace the conventional flooding mode, promote seedling rooting, increase effective tillering, control ineffective tillering, and increase soil oxygen content, while saving 18-23% of irrigation water per mu.

[0032] 4. The present invention realizes high yield and high efficiency of rice planting in saline-alkali land: compared with conventional saline-alkali land rice planting technology, the technology can promote the rapid greening of saline-alkali land rice and improve the seedling survival rate by 4.3%; tillers grow early and fast, with more low-position tillers and fewer late-born ineffective tillers, and the tillering ear formation rate is increased by 4.8%; the ear formation rate is high, the individual development is strong, which is conducive to the formation of large ears, the number of harvested ears increases by 3.2%, the number of grains per ear increases by 2.5%, and the thousand-grain weight increases by 0.5%; the rice field population is coordinated, the growth is balanced and consistent, the photosynthetic efficiency is high, the theoretical yield is increased by more than 6%, and the actual measured yield increases by more than 5%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0034] Example

[0035] A method for managing water and fertilizer for rice planting in saline-alkali land, specifically comprising:

[0036] 1. Seedling cultivation: 42 trays of seedlings are grown per mu of rice field. Before sowing, fill the trays with 2 cm thick seedling cultivation substrate soil, sowing amount is 115-125 g / tray of dry seeds, and 7-8 plants per hole; after sowing, cover with soil about 0.5 cm, and then cover with mulch to keep warm.

[0037] 2. Basal fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-25% of the total nitrogen fertilizer pure amount during the entire rice growth period, 100% of the total phosphorus fertilizer pure amount, and 50-60% of the total potassium fertilizer pure amount; after the paddy field is drained, use drones or side deep fertilizer transplanters to carry out fertilization operations to reduce fertilizer loss caused by paddy field drainage; the specific amount of fertilizer should be determined based on the results of soil basic fertility test, rice variety, target yield, and climatic conditions; the pure amount of fertilizer per mu in saline-alkali paddy fields in western Jilin is generally 8-15kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 3-7kg / mu of pure phosphorus, and 4-7kg / mu of pure potassium;

[0038] Transplanting: When the seedlings have 3.1-3.5 leaves, transplant them to the field using a transplanter. The transplanting specification is 30×12cm, with 7-8 plants per hole.

[0039] 3. Greening and tillering stage: maintain a shallow water layer of 5 cm for irrigation; apply greening fertilizer immediately after transplanting; apply tillering fertilizer 2-3 times, and complete the application 2 leaf ages before the critical leaf age for effective tillering.

[0040] 4. Fertility transition period:

[0041] One leaf age before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, deep water tillering is carried out at a depth of 15-20cm for 7-10 days, and then the soil is drained to control tillering and wash away salt and alkali. This process is repeated from (Nn-1) to (N-n+2).

[0042] 5. Earing stage: (N-n+3) Rice begins to joint. The ear fertilizer application period is to apply all at once when the jointing leaves are in the middle stage, with a total nitrogen fertilizer of 20-35% and a total potassium fertilizer of 40-50%. The water layer is 5-7cm, and it is allowed to seep naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, and then water is applied again. This is repeated and must not be left dry until the sword leaf tips are exposed.

[0043] During the period from the tip of the sword leaf to the sword leaf ear + 5cm, the water layer should be deepened to more than 17cm to prevent obstructive chilling damage and wash away salt and reduce alkali.

[0044] From (flag leaf and ear are pulled out 5cm) to heading, alternate between shallow wetting and the water layer is restored to 5-7cm. Allow the field to seep naturally until the surface of the field is moist and there is water in the footholes, then irrigate again. Repeat this process until heading begins.

[0045] 6. Grain-setting period: During the rice heading period, maintain a water layer of 5-7cm; after the rice has reached the heading stage, irrigate with 5-7cm of water each time, and allow it to naturally seep until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, then irrigate again. Repeat this process until the rice is ripe. Generally, stop irrigation at the end of the waxy stage and drain at the beginning of the yellow stage to ensure that there are 45 days of irrigation time after the rice heading stage. For low-lying plots, drain the water in advance.

[0046] Compared with the conventional water and fertilizer management technology, the technology of the present invention has good effects. See Table 1 and Table 2 for comparison.

[0047] Table 1 Comparison of fertilization technology of the present invention and conventional measures

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Table 2 Comparison of water layer management technology of the present invention and conventional measures

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] A saline-alkali land rice planting water and fertilizer management method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is compared with the traditional saline-alkali land rice cultivation technology, with leaf age progression as the main line, fertilization period and water layer management diagnostic indicators are accurately quantified, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reasonably proportioned in fertilization, base, tiller and ear are combined, water layer management is combined with depth and shallowness, and the field is lightly aired in time to achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency of saline-alkali land rice planting. The saline-alkali land rice precise high-yield water and fertilizer management method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is suitable for soda saline-alkali land rice planting in western Jilin, starting from cultivating dry-raising strong seedlings until rice heading and maturity. Including: seedling period, transplanting period, greening and tillering period, growth transformation period, ear growth period, and fruiting period.

[0054] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.

[0055] In 2021, in Baicheng City, Jilin Province, early-maturing japonica rice Hongke 181 was used as the test variety. Field plot tests were conducted, with each plot covering 300 square meters. This technology was compared with conventional cultivation methods and repeated three times. The total annual fertilizer application was: 14.4 kg / mu of pure nitrogen, 3.6 kg / mu of pure phosphorus, and 6.1 kg / mu of pure potassium. The soil conditions of the test plots are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3 Basic conditions of soil in the test site

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] 1. The seedling raising period includes:

[0060] (1) The seedling bed, nutrient soil, soft seedling tray, and seedling greenhouse are the same as those of conventional rice seedling raising technology.

[0061] (2) Sowing method and sowing amount: prepare 42 pot-shaped blanket seedling trays (648 holes) per mu of field. Before sowing, fill the seedling trays with 2 cm thick seedling substrate soil, sowing amount 115-125g / tray, about 7-8 seeds per hole; after sowing, cover with soil about 0.5 cm, and then cover with mulch to keep warm. The seedling field management is the same as the conventional dry seedling raising technology.

[0062] 2. Transplanting period includes:

[0063] Hongke 181 is a variety with 15 leaves on the main stem and 5 elongated internodes. When the seedlings reach 3.1-3.5 leaves, they are transplanted to the field using a 6-row navigation self-propelled high-speed side-deep fertilizer transplanter. The transplanting specification is 30×12cm, and there are 7-8 plants per hole. The transplanting method should be "shallow, straight, uniform, neat, and full", that is, the transplanting depth is 1.5-2cm, the transplanting direction is in a straight line, the amount of seedlings taken per hole is uniform, the seedlings are upright and neat, and the corners are fully transplanted. The commercial dosage of base fertilizer is 24kg / mu (NPK=15:15:15), which is converted into 3.6kg of pure nitrogen, 3.6kg of pure phosphorus, and 3.6kg of pure potassium. The side-deep fertilizer transplanter is used simultaneously with the transplanting.

[0064] 3. The greening and tillering period includes:

[0065] During the greening period, keep a shallow water layer of 5cm for irrigation; greening fertilizer is applied at the 4-leaf stage, generally immediately after transplanting, ammonium sulfate (N21%) is used at a commercial rate of 7.7kg / mu, equivalent to 1.6kg / mu of pure nitrogen, and microbial granular agent (total colony count ≧100 million / g) is 1kg / mu; tillering fertilizer is applied 3 times at 6-8 leaf ages, and the application is completed at 8 leaves. The commercial rate of ammonium sulfate is 10kg / mu each time, and the total amount of pure nitrogen is 6.3kg / mu. The effective tillering leaf age is calculated by subtracting the number of elongated internodes from the number of leaves on the main stem. Hongke 181 is a variety with 15 leaves on the main stem, and the critical leaf age for effective tillering is 10 leaves. The fertilization method is drone spreading to ensure the uniformity and accuracy of fertilization.

[0066] 4. The reproductive transformation period includes:

[0067] From 9 to 12 leaves, one leaf age before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, deep water tillering should be carried out first, with a depth of 15-20cm, maintained for 7-10 days, and then drained to achieve the effect of tillering control and washing away salt and reducing alkali, and this process should be repeated.

[0068] 5. Ear growth period includes:

[0069] The application period of ear fertilizer is the middle of the jointing (N-n+3) leaf age. When the main stem of Hongke 181 is 13.5 leaves, 50% of the first internode at the base of the main stem of rice in the field has completed jointing; the amount of ear fertilizer is 13.7kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, which is equivalent to 2.9kg / mu of pure nitrogen, and 5kg / mu of potassium sulfate (K50%), which is equivalent to 2.5kg / mu of pure potassium. From the tip of the sword leaf to the sword leaf ear +5cm, the water layer is deepened to more than 17cm to prevent obstructive chilling damage and wash away salt and reduce alkali. (The sword leaf ear is pulled out 5cm) until heading, alternate shallow wetting, and the water layer is restored to 5-7cm. It will naturally seep dry until the field surface is moist and there is water in the foot pit, and then water is irrigated. Repeat this until the ear begins to emerge.

[0070] 6. The fruiting period includes:

[0071] During the rice earing period, the water layer is maintained at 5-7cm; after the rice ears are fully grown, water is irrigated 5-7cm each time, and the field is naturally infiltrated until the surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, and then water is irrigated again, and this process is repeated until the rice is ripe. Generally, irrigation is stopped at the end of the waxy stage and the rice is drained at the beginning of the yellow stage, ensuring that there is 45 days of irrigation time after the rice ears emerge. For low-lying plots, drainage should be carried out in advance.

[0072] Table 4 Greening time and seedling preservation of different treatments (2021, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0073]

[0074] The test data in Table 4 show that compared with the control, the greening time of the rice was advanced by 4 days and the seedling survival rate was increased by 4.3%. This shows that the technology is conducive to accelerating the greening of rice, promoting the early growth of rice roots, improving the survival rate of rice seedlings in saline-alkali land, and laying a good foundation for the establishment of high-yield populations.

[0075] Table 5 Differences in field tillering dynamics under different treatments (2021, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0076]

[0077] According to the survey data of yield and yield structure in Table 5, compared with the conventional technology, the number of effective tillering plants in the field at the critical leaf age increased by 550,000 plants / hm2. 2 , the number of plants at the jointing stage decreased by 100,000 plants / hm 2 , the number of harvested ears increased by 160,000 plants / hm2 2 , the ear formation rate increased by 4.8%, indicating that this technology is beneficial to promote the early growth and rapid development of low-position tillers, reduce the occurrence of ineffective tillers, improve the ear formation rate of tillers, promote the improvement of the quality of saline-alkali land rice population, ensure the high photosynthetic efficiency of the population, and promote the improvement of various indicators of yield structure.

[0078] Table 6 Differences in yield and yield structure under different treatments (2021, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0079]

[0080] According to the survey data of yield and yield structure in Table 6, compared with the conventional technology, the number of ears harvested by this technology increased by 160,000 plants / hm2. 2 , increased by 3.2%; the number of grains per ear increased by 2.1, an increase of 2.5%; the thousand-grain weight increased by 0.1g, an increase of 0.5%; the theoretical yield increased by 577.3kg / hm 2 , increased by 6.3%; the yield per square meter was 519.6kg / hm 2 , an increase of 5.2%; this shows that the technology effectively increased the number of harvested ears, promoted the formation of large ears, increased the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, and promoted the comprehensive improvement of various indicators of yield structure.

[0081] In 2022, in Sanhe Village, Jianping Township, Zhenlai County, Baicheng City, Jilin Province, a large-scale comparative test was conducted with early-maturing japonica rice Hongke 181 as the experimental variety. The control and treatment areas were 400 mu each, and the technical standards for fertilizer application, period and water layer management remained unchanged.

[0082] Table 7 Differences in yield and yield structure among different treatment areas (2022, Baicheng, Jilin)

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] According to the field data survey results in Table 7, the application of this technology can effectively increase the number of rice ears harvested by 180,000 plants / hm2. 2 , increased by 3.6%; the number of grains per ear increased by 1.6, an increase of 1.9%; the thousand-grain weight increased by 0.1g, an increase of 0.5%; the theoretical yield increased by 564kg / hm 2 , increased by 6.1%; the actual measured yield was 507.6kg / hm 2 , an increase of 5.5%; it is further explained that compared with conventional technology, the water and fertilizer management method for rice cultivation in saline-alkali land has different degrees of improvement in the number of harvested ears, the number of grains per ear, and the 1000-grain weight, indicating that this technology can effectively improve the population quality of rice in saline-alkali land, and highly coordinate the contradiction between individual rice and the population, so as to achieve the high-yield and high-efficiency goals of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for managing water and fertilizer in rice cultivation in saline-alkali land, wherein N represents the total number of leaves on the main stem of rice, and n represents the number of internodes of the main stem of rice, characterized in that The steps include:

1. Fertilization technology (1) Base fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-25% of the total nitrogen fertilizer pure amount during the entire rice growth period, 100% of the total phosphorus fertilizer pure amount, and 50-60% of the total potassium fertilizer pure amount; after the soaked field is drained, an unmanned aerial vehicle or a side deep fertilizer transplanter is used for fertilization to reduce fertilizer loss caused by soaked field drainage; (2) Greening fertilizer and tillering fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer added is 45-55% of the total nitrogen fertilizer during the entire rice growth period, of which greening fertilizer is 10-15% and tillering fertilizer is 35-45%; biological agents are added at the same time as greening fertilizer, and the application is completed at the 4-leaf stage to promote root development; tillering fertilizer is applied in 2-3 times, starting from the 6th leaf stage and ending 2 leaves before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, to promote the occurrence of effective tillering, control the number of ineffective tillers, and increase the ear formation rate; (3) Ear fertilizer: The pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer added is 20-35% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and 40-50% of the total potassium fertilizer during the entire rice growth period. The ear fertilizer is applied all at once when the rice is in the middle of the jointing leaf age.

2. Water layer management technology (1) 3.1-4.5 leaves: shallow water During the rice greening period, keep the water shallow at about 3-5cm and do not let it dry out; (2) 4.5 to (Nn-1) leaves: shallow wet alternation During the effective tillering period of rice, irrigate with shallow water of 3-5 cm. Keep the water layer on sunny days. On cloudy days, dry the field for 1 day and water it again the next day. (3) (Nn-1) to (N-n+2) leaves: deep water One leaf age before the critical leaf age for effective tillering, deep water tillering is first carried out to a depth of 15-20cm for 7-10 days, and then drained to achieve the effect of tillering control and salt and alkali reduction, and this process is repeated; (4) (N-n+3) Leaf to sword leaf tip: shallow wet alternation When rice starts to grow, the water layer is 5-7cm, and it will naturally seep out until the field surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, then water it again. Repeat this process and do not let it dry out until the tip of the sword leaf is exposed. (5) From the tip of the sword leaf to the tip of the sword leaf ear, 5 cm: deep water During the period from the tip of the sword leaf to the sword leaf ear + 5cm, the water layer is deepened to more than 17cm to prevent obstructive chilling damage and wash away salt and reduce alkali; (6) From the time the flag leaf ear is 5 cm tall to the time of heading: alternate shallow wetting When the water layer is restored to 5-7cm, the field will be naturally dried until the surface is moist and there is water in the footholes, and then water will be irrigated again. Repeat this process until the ears begin to emerge. (7) Heading stage: shallow water During the rice ear emergence period, keep the field surface with water, with a water layer of 5-7cm; (8) After the ears are fully grown - yellow and ripe: alternating between shallow and wet Water 5-7cm each time, and allow it to seep naturally until the field surface is moist and there is water in the palms of your hands, then water again. Repeat this process of water layer management until the rice is ripe. Generally, stop irrigation at the end of the waxy stage and drain at the beginning of the yellow stage to ensure enough irrigation time after the rice ears emerge. For low-lying plots, drain the water in advance.

2. The water and fertilizer management method for rice planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, a rice transplanter is used to transplant the rice seedlings into the field; the fertilization method for greening fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and ear fertilizer is to spread it by drone.

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