Method for increasing yield of alfalfa seeds in North China

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the yield of alfalfa seeds in North China. Belongs to the technical field of seed production. The method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing an alfalfa seed field; (2) mowing in a branching period and intertilling and weeding; (3) performing plant growth regulator treatment in a squaring stage, an initial flowering stage and a full-bloom stage; (4) pollinating by insects; and (5) cutting down, airing, picking, threshing and cleaning. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that podding can be promoted, the thousand seed weight of the seeds can be increased when the method is used for producing the alfalfa seeds, meanwhile, the problem that the seeds are difficult to harvest due to lodging in the North China is avoided, and the problem that the alfalfa seeds are difficult to produce in the North China is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed production, and more particularly to a method for increasing the yield of alfalfa seeds in North China. Background Art

[0002] Alfalfa has the characteristics of wide adaptability, high yield and good quality, and is a very high-quality legume forage. At present, the commercial alfalfa base has initially realized the mechanized operation and professional management of the entire industry chain, and the characteristics of large-scale, professional and regional production are more prominent. However, there are still some problems: First, due to the heavy weight of the seeds in the later stage, the plants will be crushed and it is difficult to harvest the seeds. Second, the low yield of seeds seriously restricts the further development of the alfalfa industry.

[0003] North China is the main production area of ​​commercial alfalfa in my country, and there is a great demand for alfalfa seeds. However, the water and heat conditions in the region are good, and the vigorous growth of alfalfa will cause the plants to fall over, which is not conducive to seed harvesting. To regulate the height of the plants to prevent lodging, the usual practice is to use irrigation measures to control water or use growth retardants such as chlormequat. However, North China has sufficient rainfall and does not require additional irrigation, which cannot be achieved through water control measures. The effect of growth inhibitors is greatly affected by environmental factors, and the slightest carelessness will result in a reduction in yield. Therefore, new measures are needed to achieve the effect of controlling plant height. In addition, plant growth regulators are rarely used in alfalfa seed production and need further development.

[0004] In summary, how to provide a method for increasing alfalfa seed yield and resisting plant lodging in North China is a problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for increasing the yield of alfalfa seeds in North China.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Establish alfalfa seed field;

[0009] Step 2: Mowing and weeding during the branching period;

[0010] Step 3: Treat with plant growth regulators during the budding stage, early flowering stage and full flowering stage;

[0011] Step 4: Use insect pollination;

[0012] Step 5: After cutting and drying, pick up, thresh and select.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific operation of step one is:

[0014] Finely prepare the land, apply sufficient base fertilizer according to soil fertility, and sow at a rate of 7.5 kg / hm2 with a row spacing of 60 cm. 2 1. Sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Apply frozen water before winter to facilitate plant overwintering.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific operations of step 2 are:

[0016] After alfalfa turns green, it is mowed when the plants grow to 15-20 cm during the branching stage, and mechanical tillage is performed after mowing.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific operations of step three are:

[0018] Spray 100-150 μmol / L melatonin solution once during the budding stage;

[0019] Spray 100-150 μmol / L melatonin solution plus 0.3-0.5% borax solution once at the initial flowering stage and the peak flowering stage.

[0020] Furthermore,

[0021] The application rate of melatonin solution during the budding period is 600-800L / hm 2 ;

[0022] In the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage, spray the borax solution 2 days after spraying the melatonin solution. The application rate of melatonin solution is 800-900L / hm2. 2 The application rate of borax solution is 100~200L / hm 2 .

[0023] Furthermore, 50% of the plants have flower buds appearing in the budding stage, 20% of the plants are in bloom in the early flowering stage, and 80% of the plants are in bloom in the full flowering stage.

[0024] Furthermore, the specific operations of step 4 are:

[0025] During the budding period, leafcutter bee or alkali bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 40,000 to 60,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

[0026] Furthermore, the specific operations of step five are:

[0027] When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the plants are cut down and air-dried for 2 to 4 days, then picked, threshed and selected.

[0028] Furthermore, the alfalfa is Womu No. 1.

[0029] Furthermore, the North China region refers to the Huanghuaihai Plain.

[0030] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0031] The method of the invention is used to produce alfalfa seeds, which can promote pod formation and increase the thousand-grain weight of seeds, and at the same time avoid the difficulty of seed harvesting due to lodging in North China, thereby solving the problem of difficult alfalfa seed production in the region. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The drugs required for the present invention are conventional experimental drugs, which are purchased from commercial channels; the experimental methods not mentioned are conventional experimental methods and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] The following examples are an overview of the experiments

[0035] The test site is located in Jishanying Village, Zhaoquanying Town, Shunyi District, Beijing, with a geographical location of 40°20ˊN, 116°54ˊE, and an average altitude of 50m. It is a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 8-12℃, a frost-free period of 190-200d throughout the year, an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 4200℃, and an annual rainfall of 400-600mm. The test site is flat and open, with good light and ventilation conditions, deep soil, moderate fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and is not harmed by livestock and poultry.

[0036] The alfalfa variety used in the experiment was Womu 1.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Planting the alfalfa seed field

[0040] (1) Fine land preparation (land preparation requires deep ploughing, harrowing, leveling, picking up stubble and gravel, and a tight sowing layer. The soil in the 10-20 cm layer of the field should be kneaded into a ball by hand, and the ball will immediately break up when it hits the ground). After land preparation is completed, base fertilizer should be applied (750 kg of decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 7 kg of potassium chloride per mu).

[0041] (2) In mid-to-late March, the row spacing is 60 cm and the sowing rate is 7.5 kg / hm2. 21. Sowing depth is 1-2cm. After sowing, press the seeds to make full contact with the soil to facilitate seed absorption and germination. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Frozen water is poured in early November to facilitate plant wintering.

[0042] Step 2: Mowing and weeding during the branching period

[0043] After alfalfa turns green, it is mowed when the plants grow to 15-20 cm during the branching stage, and mechanical tillage is performed after mowing.

[0044] Step 3: Treat with plant growth regulators during the budding, early flowering and full flowering stages

[0045] (1) During the budding period, choose a sunny, windless and rainless day and spray 100 μmol / L melatonin solution once at 16:00, with an application rate of 600 L / hm 2 ;

[0046] (2) During the early and peak flowering stages, choose a clear, windless and rainless day and spray 100 μmol / L melatonin solution plus 0.3% borax solution once at 16:00. Spray the borax solution 2 days after spraying the melatonin solution. The application rate of melatonin solution is 800 L / hm2 2 The application rate of borax solution is 100L / hm 2 .

[0047] Step 4: Use insect pollination

[0048] During the budding period, leafcutter bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 60,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

[0049] Step 5: Integrated pest management

[0050] During the growth period of the plants, depending on the type of pests and diseases, the entire planting area is sprayed with drugs manually or mechanically. The drugs used are harmless agents, and the spraying is carried out regularly once every 1 to 2 months.

[0051] Step 6: Cut down and dry the crops, pick them up, thresh them and clean them

[0052] (1) When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the pods are harvested manually or mechanically. The harvested straw is first transferred to the sun for drying, and then threshed after 2 to 4 days. The remaining straw is baled.

[0053] (2) The threshed seeds are winnowed to remove weed seeds and shriveled alfalfa seeds contained therein.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China comprises the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Planting the alfalfa seed field

[0057] (1) Fine land preparation (land preparation requires deep ploughing, harrowing, and leveling, picking up stubble and gravel, and a tight sowing layer. The soil in the 10-20 cm layer of the field should be kneaded into a ball by hand, and the ball will immediately break up when it hits the ground). After land preparation is completed, base fertilizer should be applied (1000 kg of decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 7 kg of potassium chloride per mu).

[0058] (2) In mid-to-late March, the row spacing is 60 cm and the sowing rate is 7.5 kg / hm2. 2 1. Sowing depth is 1-2cm. After sowing, press the seeds to make full contact with the soil to facilitate seed absorption and germination. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Frozen water is poured in early November to facilitate plant wintering.

[0059] Step 2: Mowing and weeding during the branching period

[0060] After alfalfa turns green, it is mowed when the plants grow to 15-20 cm during the branching stage, and mechanical tillage is performed after mowing.

[0061] Step 3: Treat with plant growth regulators during the budding, early flowering and full flowering stages

[0062] (1) During the budding period, choose a sunny, windless and rainless day and spray 150 μmol / L melatonin solution once at 16:00, with an application rate of 800 L / hm 2 ;

[0063] (2) During the early and peak flowering stages, choose a clear, windless and rainless day and spray 150 μmol / L melatonin solution plus 0.5% borax solution once at 16:00. Spray the borax solution 2 days after spraying the melatonin solution. The application rate of melatonin solution is 900 L / hm2 2 The application rate of borax solution is 200L / hm 2 .

[0064] Step 4: Use insect pollination

[0065] During the budding period, alkali bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 40,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

[0066] Step 5: Integrated pest management

[0067] During the growth period of the plants, depending on the type of pests and diseases, the entire planting area is sprayed with drugs manually or mechanically. The drugs used are harmless agents, and the spraying is carried out regularly once every 1 to 2 months.

[0068] Step 6: Cut down and dry the crops, pick them up, thresh them and clean them

[0069] (1) When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the pods are harvested manually or mechanically. The harvested straw is first transferred to the sun for drying, and then threshed after 2 to 4 days. The remaining straw is baled.

[0070] (2) The threshed seeds are winnowed to remove weed seeds and shriveled alfalfa seeds contained therein.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China comprises the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Planting the alfalfa seed field

[0074] (1) Fine land preparation (land preparation requires deep plowing, harrowing, leveling, picking up stubble and gravel, and a tight sowing layer. The soil in the 10-20 cm layer of the field should be kneaded into a ball by hand, and the ball will immediately break up when it hits the ground). After land preparation is completed, base fertilizer should be applied (850 kg of decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 7 kg of potassium chloride per mu).

[0075] (2) In mid-to-late March, the row spacing is 60 cm and the sowing rate is 7.5 kg / hm2. 2 1. Sowing depth is 1-2cm. After sowing, press the seeds to make full contact with the soil to facilitate seed absorption and germination. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Frozen water is poured in early November to facilitate plant wintering.

[0076] Step 2: Mowing and weeding during the branching period

[0077] After alfalfa turns green, it is mowed when the plants grow to 15-20 cm during the branching stage, and mechanical tillage is performed after mowing.

[0078] Step 3: Treat with plant growth regulators during the budding, early flowering and full flowering stages

[0079] (1) During the budding period, choose a sunny, windless and rainless day and spray 120 μmol / L melatonin solution once at 16:00, with an application rate of 700 L / hm 2 ;

[0080] (2) During the early and peak flowering stages, choose a clear, windless and rainless day and spray 130 μmol / L melatonin solution plus 0.4% borax solution once at 16:00. Spray the borax solution 2 days after spraying the melatonin solution. The application rate of melatonin solution is 850 L / hm2 2 , the application rate of borax solution is 150L / hm2 .

[0081] Step 4: Use insect pollination

[0082] During the budding period, leafcutter bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 50,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

[0083] Step 5: Integrated pest management

[0084] During the growth period of the plants, depending on the type of pests and diseases, the entire planting area is sprayed with drugs manually or mechanically. The drugs used are harmless agents, and the spraying is carried out regularly once every 1 to 2 months.

[0085] Step 6: Cut down and dry the crops, pick them up, thresh them and clean them

[0086] (1) When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the pods are harvested manually or mechanically. The harvested straw is first transferred to the sun for drying, and then threshed after 2 to 4 days. The remaining straw is baled.

[0087] (2) The threshed seeds are winnowed to remove weed seeds and shriveled alfalfa seeds contained therein.

[0088] Comparative Example 1 (no mowing)

[0089] A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China comprises the following steps:

[0090] Step 1: Planting the alfalfa seed field

[0091] (1) Fine land preparation (land preparation requires deep plowing, harrowing, leveling, picking up stubble and gravel, and a tight sowing layer. The soil in the 10-20 cm layer of the field should be kneaded into a ball by hand, and the ball will immediately break up when it hits the ground). After land preparation is completed, base fertilizer should be applied (850 kg of decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 7 kg of potassium chloride per mu).

[0092] (2) In mid-to-late March, the row spacing is 60 cm and the sowing rate is 7.5 kg / hm2. 2 1. Sowing depth is 1-2cm. After sowing, press the seeds to make full contact with the soil to facilitate seed absorption and germination. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Frozen water is poured in early November to facilitate plant wintering.

[0093] Step 2: Cultivation and weeding

[0094] Mechanical tillage and weed removal.

[0095] Step 3: Treat with plant growth regulators during the budding, early flowering and full flowering stages

[0096] (1) During the budding period, choose a sunny, windless and rainless day and spray 120 μmol / L melatonin solution once at 16:00, with an application rate of 700 L / hm 2 ;

[0097] (2) During the early and peak flowering stages, choose a clear, windless and rainless day and spray 130 μmol / L melatonin solution plus 0.4% borax solution once at 16:00. Spray the borax solution 2 days after spraying the melatonin solution. The application rate of melatonin solution is 850 L / hm2 2 , the application rate of borax solution is 150L / hm 2 .

[0098] Step 4: Use insect pollination

[0099] During the budding period, leafcutter bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 50,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

[0100] Step 5: Integrated pest management

[0101] During the growth period of the plants, depending on the type of pests and diseases, the entire planting area is sprayed with drugs manually or mechanically. The drugs used are harmless agents, and the spraying is carried out regularly once every 1 to 2 months.

[0102] Step 6: Cut down and dry the crops, pick them up, thresh them and clean them

[0103] (1) When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the pods are harvested manually or mechanically. The harvested straw is first transferred to the sun for drying, and then threshed after 2 to 4 days. The remaining straw is baled.

[0104] (2) The threshed seeds are winnowed to remove weed seeds and shriveled alfalfa seeds contained therein.

[0105] Comparative Example 2 (no growth regulator sprayed)

[0106] A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China comprises the following steps:

[0107] Step 1: Planting the alfalfa seed field

[0108] (1) Fine land preparation (land preparation requires deep plowing, harrowing, leveling, picking up stubble and gravel, and a tight sowing layer. The soil in the 10-20 cm layer of the field should be kneaded into a ball by hand, and the ball will immediately break up when it hits the ground). After land preparation is completed, base fertilizer should be applied (850 kg of decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 7 kg of potassium chloride per mu).

[0109] (2) In mid-to-late March, the row spacing is 60 cm and the sowing rate is 7.5 kg / hm2. 2 1. Sowing depth is 1-2cm. After sowing, press the seeds to make full contact with the soil to facilitate seed absorption and germination. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Frozen water is poured in early November to facilitate plant wintering.

[0110] Step 2: Mowing and weeding during the branching period

[0111] After alfalfa turns green, it is mowed when the plants grow to 15-20 cm during the branching stage, and mechanical tillage is performed after mowing.

[0112] Step 3: Use insect pollination

[0113] During the budding period, leafcutter bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 50,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

[0114] Step 4: Integrated pest management

[0115] During the growth period of the plants, depending on the type of pests and diseases, the entire planting area is sprayed with drugs manually or mechanically. The drugs used are harmless agents, and the spraying is carried out regularly once every 1 to 2 months.

[0116] Step 5: Cut down and dry the crops, pick them up, thresh them and clean them

[0117] (1) When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the pods are harvested manually or mechanically. The harvested straw is first transferred to the sun for drying, and then threshed after 2 to 4 days. The remaining straw is baled.

[0118] (2) The threshed seeds are winnowed to remove weed seeds and shriveled alfalfa seeds contained therein.

[0119] Experiment 1

[0120] The pod setting rate, seed 1000-grain weight and lodging rate of each embodiment and comparative example were statistically analyzed.

[0121] Pod setting rate (%) = average number of pods per inflorescence / average number of florets per inflorescence × 100%.

[0122] The results are shown in the following table.

[0123] Table 1 Statistical results

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0127] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for increasing alfalfa seed yield in North China, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Establish alfalfa seed field; Step 2: Mowing and weeding during the branching period; Step 3: Treat with plant growth regulators during the budding stage, early flowering stage and full flowering stage; Step 4: Use insect pollination; Step 5: After cutting and drying, pick up, thresh and select.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation of step one is: Finely prepare the land, apply sufficient base fertilizer according to soil fertility, and sow at a rate of 7.5 kg / hm2 with a row spacing of 60 cm. 2 1. Sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm. Water in time after sowing to promote seed germination. Apply frozen water before winter to facilitate plant overwintering.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operations of step 2 are: After alfalfa turns green, it is mowed when the plants grow to 15-20 cm during the branching stage, and mechanical tillage is performed after mowing.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operations of step three are: Spray 100-150 μmol / L melatonin solution once during the budding stage; Spray 100-150 μmol / L melatonin solution plus 0.3-0.5% borax solution once at the initial flowering stage and the peak flowering stage.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The application rate of melatonin solution during the budding period is 600-800L / hm 2 ; In the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage, spray the borax solution 2 days after spraying the melatonin solution. The application rate of melatonin solution is 800-900L / hm2. 2 The application rate of borax solution is 100~200L / hm 2 .

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 50% of the plants have flower buds appearing in the budding stage, 20% of the plants are in bloom in the early flowering stage, and 80% of the plants are in bloom in the full flowering stage.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operation of step 4 is: During the budding period, leafcutter bee or alkali bee hives are scattered in the seed field at a density of 40,000 to 60,000 bees / hm2. 2 .

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific operations of step five are: When 75% of the pods turn black or brown, the plants are cut down and air-dried for 2 to 4 days, then picked, threshed and selected.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The alfalfa is Womu No. 1.

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