Q compensation method and device for seismic data, electronic equipment and storage medium

By using peak frequency shift method and near-surface research data to calibrate Q values ​​in oil and gas geophysical exploration, and combining time-sharing window multi-gain factor technology, the problem of absorption attenuation compensation of seismic waves in the low-speed band area is solved, and more efficient waveform and phase correction and resolution improvement are achieved.

CN119689568APending Publication Date: 2025-03-25CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORP +1
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202311234338.9
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2023-09-24
Publication Date
2025-03-25

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In oil and gas geophysical exploration, seismic waves propagate in formation medium, energy attenuation and phase distortion are caused by absorption, scattering and other reasons. Especially in areas with large impacts of low-speed bands, Q compensation for single-time windows and single gain factor is difficult to achieve uniform and effective attenuation compensation.

Method used

The peak frequency shift method is used to obtain the relative Q value, and the absolute Q value is calibrated through near-surface research data to obtain a stable Q field. By comparing the main frequency and bandwidth of different marking layers, the time window parameters and corresponding gain factors are determined, and the time-sharing window multi-gain factor compensation is performed on the seismic data.

Benefits of technology

It realizes more accurate waveform and phase correction of seismic data, improves the vertical resolution of seismic data, and is better than the compensation effect of single-time window single compensation factor.

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Abstract

The Q compensation method for seismic data provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: denoising seismic data in a target work area; calculating the centroid frequency of the single-shot seismic record data volume A, and solving a relative Q value; calculating an absolute Q value, and calibrating the obtained relative Q value to obtain a Q value; performing spectral analysis on the dominant frequency and the bandwidth, and obtaining time window parameters corresponding to different marker horizon positions; comparing and analyzing the dominant frequency and the bandwidth to obtain an estimation compensation factor corresponding to the time window parameter; determining compensation factors in different time windows according to the obtained estimation compensation factors in the different time windows; performing pre-stack absorption attenuation compensation on the single-shot seismic record data volume A to obtain a compensated seismic record data volume B, and stacking the compensated seismic record data volume B to obtain a compensated stacked seismic record data volume B1; the effect after compensation is better than the compensation effect of a single time window and a single compensation factor.
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