Depth-adjustable peanut triangular seedling spacing planter

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of peanut planting technology, specifically to an adjustable-depth peanut triangular seedling planter. Its purpose is to dynamically generate peanut planting points based on the root position of corn plants through an image processing component, construct a corn-peanut symbiotic triangular layout to optimize the allocation of light and heat resources, and use an adjustable-depth planting mechanism to adjust the peanut planting depth, thereby improving the space utilization rate and emergence rate of intercropped crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of peanut planting technology, specifically to a peanut triangular seedling planter with adjustable depth. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional planting methods, the triangular seedling technique is widely used for main crops such as corn. This technique uses mechanical or manual methods to form a triangular layout between adjacent plants, which effectively balances the competition for light and nutrients. However, peanut planting requires direct burial into the soil and lacks autonomous positioning capabilities, relying on the following techniques for a long time: Manual intercropping: The position of corn plants is visually estimated based on experience, and holes are dug manually for planting, which is inefficient (operating speed <0.5 acres / hour) and makes it difficult to guarantee geometric accuracy; Mechanical planters: Fixed row spacing is used for planting, and depth adjustment relies on mechanical limiting devices (such as spring levers or bolt adjustments), with a narrow adjustment range (usually only 20-50mm) and cannot be correlated with the position of intercropped crops; Partially automated equipment: Some models attempt to introduce photoelectric sensors to detect soil height, but they are greatly affected by field environment interference, with positioning errors >10cm, making it difficult to meet the requirements of triangular seedling placement.

[0003] In existing technologies, there is no coordinated mechanism between peanut planting and corn plant positioning. Intercropping relies on manual experience, which can easily lead to spatial imbalance (such as excessive density causing shading, or excessive sparseness reducing land utilization). Furthermore, traditional mechanical adjustment mechanisms are slow to respond, requiring manual operation after machine shutdown. Soil reaction forces can easily cause depth drift (fluctuation range of ±15mm), affecting the uniformity of seedling emergence. When intercropping corn and peanuts, existing technologies can only achieve triangular seedling positioning for corn, while peanut planting lacks a coordinated positioning mechanism, resulting in a separation of the spatial layout between the two, which has certain defects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a peanut triangular seedling positioning and planting machine with adjustable depth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned defects and problems, this invention provides an adjustable-depth peanut triangular seedling planter. Its purpose is to determine the triangular seedling planting position of peanuts in an intercropping environment through an image processing component, and to adjust the peanut planting depth using an adjustable-depth planting mechanism, thereby improving the space utilization rate and seedling emergence rate of intercropped crops.

[0005] The solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: an adjustable-depth peanut triangular seedling planter, including a planting frame and a V-shaped furrow opener arranged inside the planting frame, and also including an image processing component and an adjustable-depth planting mechanism. The image processing component is used to capture the position of the plant roots on one side of the planting frame and perform image processing to determine the peanut triangular seedling planting position; the adjustable-depth planting mechanism includes a fixed tube, a sliding tube, a seeding tube, and a constant-pressure gas tank. The fixed tube is fixedly installed inside the rear part of the V-shaped furrow opener, and the sliding tube is fitted inside the fixed tube. Fixed seeding holes and air supply transverse slits are respectively provided on the two side walls of the fixed tube. The seeding tube is connected to the fixed seeding holes, and the air supply transverse slits are connected to the air outlet pipe of the constant-pressure gas tank; sliding seeding holes and sliding transverse slits are respectively provided on the two side walls of the sliding tube, and the sliding transverse slits are located above the sliding seeding holes; symmetrical and self-sealing one-way valves are provided at the bottom of the sliding tube. A baffle is installed at the top of the fixed tube, with a guide hole at the center of the baffle. A guide rod is connected to the center of the top of the sliding tube and is fitted into the guide hole. An electromagnet is installed on the upper side of the baffle, and a magnetic chuck is fixed at the top of the guide rod. A thrust spring is fitted between the electromagnet and the magnetic chuck. When the electromagnet is energized, it can attract the magnetic chuck to move downward and simultaneously drive the sliding tube downward. When the sliding tube does not move downward, the sliding seed hole and the fixed seed hole are connected, and the sliding transverse seam and the air supply transverse seam are misaligned and blocked, allowing peanuts to enter the sliding tube from the fixed seed hole. When the sliding tube moves downward, the sliding seed hole and the fixed seed hole are misaligned and blocked, and the sliding transverse seam and the air supply transverse seam are connected, allowing airflow to enter the sliding tube and causing the one-way valve to open, causing the peanuts to fall and be sprayed into the soil layer behind the furrow opener. By adjusting the air pressure in the constant pressure air tank, the downward spraying speed of the peanuts can be changed, and the depth of the peanuts entering the soil layer can be adjusted.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention features a unique structure and ingenious design. It dynamically generates peanut planting points based on the location of corn plant roots, constructing a corn-peanut symbiotic triangular layout to optimize light and heat resource allocation. The image processing component can acquire real-time images of the roots of adjacent crop plants. Through an algorithmic triangular positioning model, using the crop plants as two vertices, it dynamically determines the third vertex position for peanut planting, achieving spatially adaptive planting in intercropping scenarios. Image processing and geometric modeling ensure that the peanut and crop plants form an optimal triangular layout, optimizing light and nutrient competition and improving intercropping efficiency. The invention employs a nested combination of sliding and fixed tubes. An electromagnet attracts a magnetic chuck to drive the sliding tube's displacement, causing the sliding planting hole of the sliding tube to misalign with the fixed planting hole of the fixed tube, and ensuring the sliding tube... The sliding transverse slit of the moving tube is connected to the air supply transverse slit of the fixed tube. Combined with air pressure injection, the peanut sowing depth can be adjusted. When the electromagnet is energized, it attracts the magnetic chuck and drives the sliding tube downward. When the power is cut off, it is reset by the thrust spring. The response speed is fast and it is suitable for high-frequency sowing. Furthermore, by adjusting the air supply pump, the air pressure of the constant pressure tank can be changed to control the spraying speed of peanut seeds and indirectly adjust the soil penetration depth of peanut seeds, avoiding the complexity of the mechanical structure. At the same time, it has a transverse slit misalignment airflow triggering mechanism. In the initial state, the sliding transverse slit and the air supply transverse slit of the fixed tube are misaligned. After electromagnetic drive, the two slits are aligned, and the airflow is injected from the constant pressure tank through the air outlet pipe, which pushes the one-way valve to open and spray peanut seeds. The mechanical displacement controls the opening and closing of the airflow channel, realizing precise synchronization between the sowing action and the airflow triggering, avoiding misoperation. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a partial view of the seeding rack.

[0009] Figure 3 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an adjustable depth seeding mechanism.

[0010] Figure 4 This is one of the internal sectional views of a fixed tube.

[0011] Figure 5 This is the second internal sectional view of the fixed tube.

[0012] Figure 6 Explosion-proof view of the structure of the adjustable depth seeding mechanism Figure 1 .

[0013] Figure 7 Explosion-proof view of the structure of the adjustable depth seeding mechanism Figure 2 .

[0014] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the particle number adjustment component.

[0015] Figure 9 This is one method for arranging trenchers.

[0016] In the diagram: 1-Vehicle body, 2-Seeding frame, 3-Furrow opener, 4-Image processing component, 41-Camera, 5-Adjustable depth seeding mechanism, 51-Fixing pipe, 52-Fixing seeding hole, 53-Air supply transverse slit, 54-Seedling pipe, 55-Air outlet pipe, 56-Constant pressure air tank, 61-Sliding pipe, 62-Sliding seeding hole, 63-Sliding transverse slit, 64-One-way valve, 71-Baffle, 73-Guide rod, 74-Electromagnet, 75-Magnetic chuck, 76-Thrust spring, 8-Upper inner ring baffle, 9-Lower inner ring baffle, 10-Gate sleeve, 11-Gate, 12-Adjusting screw, 13-Peanut seed. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Example 1: In the prior art, there is no coordinated mechanism between peanut sowing and corn plant placement. Intercropping relies on manual experience, which can easily lead to spatial imbalance (such as excessive density causing shading, and excessive sparseness reducing land utilization). Furthermore, traditional mechanical adjustment mechanisms are slow to respond and require manual operation after stopping the machine. Soil reaction forces can easily cause depth drift (fluctuation range of ±15mm), affecting the uniformity of seedling emergence. When intercropping corn and peanuts, the prior art can only achieve triangular seedling placement for corn, while peanut planting lacks a coordinated positioning mechanism, resulting in a separation of the spatial layout of the two.

[0019] To address the aforementioned issues, the adjustable-depth peanut triangular seedling planter provided in this embodiment is a mechanized planting technology for ridge-intercropping intercropping scenarios. Its core is to dynamically sense the plant position of the intercropped crop (such as corn), determine the peanut planting point based on a triangular geometric model, and combine it with a pneumatic mechanism to achieve precise adjustment of the planting depth. It aims to solve the problems of unreasonable spatial layout and poor adaptability of planting depth when peanuts are intercropped with the main crop (such as corn), optimize the crop growth microenvironment, and improve the efficiency of intercropping.

[0020] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the device includes a seeding frame 2, which is installed on the rear side of the vehicle body 1. Furrow openers 3 are evenly distributed inside the seeding frame 2. It also includes an image processing component 4 and an adjustable depth seeding mechanism 5.

[0021] Image processing component 4 includes camera 41, such as Figure 2As shown, camera 41 is installed on the side of the planting frame 2. Camera 41 can be set on the same horizontal line as the furrow opener 3, and camera 41 is connected to the controller signal. Based on the peanut planter intercropping peanuts between adjacent corn plants, camera 41 is used to capture real-time images of the roots of corn plants on one side of the planting frame 2. Computer vision technology is used to identify the specific location of the corn plant roots, and an image processing algorithm based on triangle geometry is used to calculate the geometric relationship of the roots of adjacent corn plants and determine the vertices of the triangle in its coordinate system, thereby calculating the appropriate position for peanut planting.

[0022] After determining the coordinates of the corn plant roots, the roots of two adjacent corn plants are used as the two vertices of a triangle. The peanut planting hole is then used as the third vertex of the triangle to determine the peanut planting position, thus achieving triangular planting positioning. This information signal is then transmitted to the controller for subsequent planting operations.

[0023] like Figure 3-7 As shown, the adjustable depth sowing mechanism 5 includes a fixed tube 51, a fixed seeding hole 52, an air supply transverse slit 53, a seeding tube 54, an air outlet tube 55, a pressurized air tank, a sliding tube 61, a sliding seeding hole 62, a sliding transverse slit 63, a one-way valve 64, a baffle 71, a guide rod 73, an electromagnet 74, a magnetic chuck 75, and a thrust spring 76. The fixed tube 51 can be configured as a square tube structure. The fixed tube 51 is fixedly installed inside the rear side of the V-shaped furrow opener 3 of the sowing frame 2. The fixed tube 51 is made of 304 stainless steel (wall thickness 2mm). A sliding tube 61 is fitted inside the fixed tube 51. The sliding tube 61 is a polytetrafluoroethylene coated tube (friction coefficient ≤0.04). The sliding tube 61 can slide relative to the fixed tube 51. Figure 4 As shown, a fixed seeding hole 52 and an air supply transverse slit 53 are respectively provided on both sides of the fixed pipe 51. The fixed seeding hole 52 is connected to the seeding pipe 54, and the air supply transverse slit 53 is connected to the air supply pipe 55 and the pressurized air tank for guiding airflow. A gas flow valve is provided on the air supply pipe 55 and is connected to the controller signal. The constant pressure air tank 56 can provide stable air pressure. The pressurized air pump installed on the vehicle body 1 can supply pressure to the pressurized air tank, and the air pressure value of the pressurized air tank can be changed by adjusting the pressurized air pump to guide the peanut seeds 13 for airflow sowing. The constant pressure air tank 56 adjusts the airflow through the gas flow valve to ensure the initial velocity of seed spraying is stable.

[0024] like Figure 5 As shown, a sliding seeding hole 62 and a sliding transverse slit 63 are respectively provided on both sides of the sliding tube 61, and the sliding transverse slit 63 is located above the sliding seeding hole 62. A symmetrical and self-sealing one-way valve 64 is provided at the bottom of the sliding tube 61. After the peanut seed 13 enters the sliding tube 61, it will be supported by the one-way valve 64. The one-way valve 64 is made of silicone nylon composite material and has a wear resistance life of >100,000 times.

[0025] A baffle 71 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed tube 51, and a guide hole is opened in the center of the top of the baffle 71. A guide rod 73 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the sliding tube 61, and the guide rod 73 is fitted into the guide hole of the baffle 71.

[0026] An electromagnet 74 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the baffle 71, and a magnetic chuck 75 is fixedly installed on the top of the guide rod 73. A thrust spring 76 is fitted between the electromagnet 74 and the magnetic chuck 75. The thrust spring 76 is fitted on the guide rod 73. When the electromagnet 74 is energized, it can attract the magnetic chuck 75 to move downward and simultaneously drive the sliding tube 61 to move downward. When the electromagnet 74 is de-energized, the thrust spring 76 can reset the sliding tube 61.

[0027] In the initial state, the sliding seeding hole 62 of the sliding tube 61 corresponds to the fixed seeding hole 52 of the fixed tube 51, but the sliding transverse slit 63 of the sliding tube 61 and the air supply transverse slit 53 of the fixed tube 51 are misaligned. The peanuts in the seeding tube 54 can enter the sliding tube 61 through the fixed seeding hole 52 and the sliding seeding hole 62 in sequence, and fall onto the one-way valve disc 64.

[0028] Camera 41 captures real-time images of the corn plant roots and processes them. Using the roots of two adjacent corn plants as the two vertices of a triangle, the third vertex of the triangle is calculated, with the peanut planting hole as the third vertex, thus determining the peanut planting position. When the fixed tube 51 is equidistant from the corn plants on the side, the controller controls the electromagnet 74 to be energized to attract the magnetic chuck 75. The magnetic chuck 75 then synchronously drives the sliding tube 61 to move downwards. The sliding seeding hole 62 will then be misaligned with the fixed seeding hole 52, and the sliding transverse slit 63 will align with the air supply transverse slit 53. Airflow enters the sliding tube 61 and causes the one-way valve 64 at its bottom to open, allowing the peanuts to fall and be sprayed into the soil layer behind the furrow opener 3, thus achieving triangular seedling planting of peanuts.

[0029] By adjusting the air pressure in the constant pressure air tank 56 using a pressurized air pump, the downward spraying speed of the peanuts can be adjusted, thereby controlling the depth at which the peanuts penetrate the soil and achieving depth adjustment for peanut planting.

[0030] Considering the complex and variable field environment (such as changes in light, crop shading, and soil splashing), which may affect the camera 41's accurate identification of corn roots, and the sowing position may deviate from the triangular positioning point, affecting the intercropping effect, the camera 41 can adopt a high frame rate industrial camera (20 million pixels resolution, 60 fps frame rate), equipped with a near-infrared supplementary light, and a lidar (scanning frequency 20 Hz) installed on top to construct a three-dimensional point cloud model to assist in positioning. At the same time, the YOLOv8 model is used to train the corn root recognition algorithm (dataset contains 100,000 field images), with a recognition accuracy of ≥98%.

[0031] Furthermore, a seed number adjustment component is also provided, which can adjust the number of peanut seeds planted, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the peanut number adjustment assembly includes a gate sleeve 10, a gate 11, and an adjusting screw 12. The gate sleeve 10 is disposed on the seeding tube 54 near the fixed seeding hole 52. The gate sleeve 10 is fixedly connected to the seeding tube 54. The gate 11 is slidably fitted inside the gate sleeve 10, and the gate 11 can enter the seeding hole to block the fixed seeding hole 52. The adjusting screw 12 is threadedly fitted inside the gate sleeve 10, and the inner end of the adjusting screw 12 is rotatably fitted onto the gate 11. By manually turning the adjusting screw 12, the gate 11 can be moved, thereby adjusting the width of the fixed seeding hole 52 and adjusting the number of peanuts entering the fixed tube 51.

[0032] Furthermore, a dynamic depth adjustment unit can be set up to dynamically adjust the peanut planting depth. For example, a pressure sensor can be set up on the front side of the furrow opener 3. When the furrow opener 3 enters the deep soil layer, the pressure on the furrow opener 3 will increase. When the pressure sensor detects the increase in pressure on the furrow opener 3, it will send a signal to the controller. The controller will control the gas flow valve to reduce the flow rate, thereby reducing the depth to which the peanut seeds 13 enter the soil layer. Similarly, when the furrow opener 3 enters the shallow soil layer, the pressure on the furrow opener 3 will decrease. When the pressure sensor detects the decrease in pressure on the furrow opener 3, it will send a signal to the controller. The controller will control the gas flow valve to increase the flow rate, thereby increasing the depth to which the peanut seeds 13 enter the soil layer. This provides a flexible and dynamic depth adjustment function.

[0033] The furrow opener 3 can be arranged side-by-side on the sowing frame 2. The image processing component 4 determines the roots of two adjacent corn plants as the two vertices of a triangle, and calculates the third vertex of the triangle, which is the position of the first peanut sowing hole at the outer end of the sowing frame 2. Since the sliding tubes on the sowing frame 2 are arranged side-by-side, the sown peanut seeds 13 are distributed in a straight line. By triangulating the position of the first peanut sowing hole at the outer end of the sowing frame 2, triangular sowing positioning of the peanut seeds can be achieved. Alternatively, the furrow opener 3 can also employ... Figure 9 The furrow openers 3 are arranged in a triangular, staggered pattern. Once the position of the first peanut planting hole is determined, the peanut seeds 13 can be automatically distributed in a triangular pattern when the peanut seeds 13 are sown.

[0034] Example 2, an adjustable-depth peanut triangular seedling planter of this embodiment will be described with a focus on the differences from that in Example 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, an upper inner ring baffle 8 and a lower inner ring baffle 9 are fixed above and below the interior of the fixed tube 51, respectively. Initially, the thrust spring 76 supports the sliding tube 61. The upper inner ring baffle 8 limits the top of the sliding tube 61, ensuring accurate alignment between the sliding seed hole 62 and the fixed seed hole 52. When the sliding tube 61 moves downwards, the lower ring baffle limits the bottom of the sliding tube 61, ensuring accurate alignment between the sliding transverse seam 63 and the air supply transverse seam 53. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A depth-adjustable peanut triangular seedling spacing planter comprising a seeding frame and a V-shaped furrow opener arranged in the seeding frame, characterized in that, It also includes an image processing component and an adjustable depth sowing mechanism. The image processing component is used to capture the position of the plant roots on one side of the sowing rack and perform image processing to determine the peanut triangular seedling sowing position. The adjustable depth sowing mechanism includes a fixed tube, a sliding tube, a seeding tube, and a constant pressure gas tank. The fixed tube is fixedly installed inside the rear part of the V-shaped furrow opener. The sliding tube is fitted inside the fixed tube. Fixed seeding holes and air supply transverse slits are respectively set on the two side walls of the fixed tube. The seeding tube is connected to the fixed seeding holes, and the air supply transverse slits are connected to the air outlet pipe of the constant pressure gas tank. Sliding seeding holes and sliding transverse slits are respectively set on the two side walls of the sliding tube, and the sliding transverse slits are located above the sliding seeding holes. Symmetrical and self-sealing one-way valves are set at the bottom of the sliding tube. A baffle is set at the top of the fixed tube, and a guide hole is set in the center of the baffle. A guide rod is connected to the center of the top of the sliding tube and is fitted into the guide hole. An electromagnet is installed on the upper side of the baffle. A magnetic chuck is fixed at the top of the guide rod, and a thrust spring is fitted between the electromagnet and the magnetic chuck. When the device is powered on, it attracts the magnetic chuck to move downwards and simultaneously drives the sliding tube downwards. When the sliding tube does not move downwards, the sliding seeding hole is connected to the fixed seeding hole, and the sliding transverse slit and the air supply transverse slit are misaligned and blocked, allowing peanuts to enter the sliding tube from the fixed seeding hole. When the sliding tube moves downwards, the sliding seeding hole and the fixed seeding hole are misaligned and blocked, and the sliding transverse slit and the air supply transverse slit are connected, allowing airflow to enter the sliding tube and causing the one-way valve to open, causing the peanuts to fall and spray into the soil layer behind the furrow opener. By adjusting the air pressure in the constant pressure air tank, the downward spraying speed of the peanuts can be changed, and the depth of the peanuts entering the soil layer can be adjusted. The image processing component includes a camera and a controller. The camera is fixedly installed on the side of the planting frame, and the camera is signal-connected to the controller. The camera captures images of the roots of corn plants on one side of the planting frame and performs image processing. The peanut planting position is determined by using the roots of adjacent corn plants as two vertices of a triangle and the peanut planting hole as the third vertex of the triangle.

2. The peanut triangular seedling planter with adjustable depth according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an inner ring baffle assembly, which includes an upper inner ring baffle and a lower inner ring baffle located inside the fixed pipe. The upper inner ring baffle can limit and constrain the top of the sliding pipe, so that the sliding seed hole and the fixed seed hole are connected accordingly. The lower inner ring baffle can limit and constrain the bottom of the sliding pipe, so that the sliding transverse seam and the air supply transverse seam are connected accordingly.

3. The adjustable depth peanut triangular seedling transplanting seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure pump supplies pressure to the constant pressure gas tank, and the pressure value of the gas tank can be changed by adjusting the pressure pump.

4. The adjustable depth peanut triangular seedling transplanting seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a seed number adjustment component for adjusting the number of peanut seeds sown. The seed number adjustment component includes a gate sleeve installed on the seeding tube. An adjusting screw can adjust the gate inside the gate sleeve, and the width of the seeding hole is adjusted and fixed by moving the gate.

5. The adjustable depth peanut triangular seedling transplanting seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dynamic depth adjustment unit, which includes a pressure sensor installed on the front side of the furrow opener and a gas flow valve installed on the air outlet pipe of the constant pressure gas tank. The pressure sensor can monitor the pressure on the soil layer of the furrow opener and dynamically adjust the flow rate of the gas flow valve according to the pressure on the furrow opener to adjust the depth of peanut seeds entering the soil layer.

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