Artificial cultivation method for cultivating collybia albuminosa based on pleurotus nebrodensis waste

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom stick recovery, and particularly relates to an artificial cultivation method for cultivating collybia albuminosa based on pleurotus nebrodensis waste, which comprises the following steps: recovering original mushroom sticks after pleurotus nebrodensis is harvested, and supplementing water to the matrix of the original mushroom sticks to form new mushroom sticks; sterilizing the new mushroom sticks; inoculating strains of termitomyces albuminosus to the mushroom sticks; moving the mushroom sticks into a spawn running room for spawn running; after spawn running is completed, fungus bags on the fungus sticks are stripped off, the fungus sticks are placed on the ground of a growth room, the inoculation positions of the fungus sticks are arranged upwards, and the fungus sticks are covered with covering soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm; performing ventilation, illumination and temperature and humidity management on the growth room, performing moisture management on the covering soil in a spraying form, and harvesting after fruiting; after harvesting, the surface of the covering soil is cleaned, water spraying is stopped for 2-3 days, then the step S6 is repeated, and cultivation of the next crop of collybia albuminosa is carried out, according to the planting method, mushroom sticks of pleurotus nebrodensis can be recycled, the productivity is increased, and the planting cost is effectively saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom substrate recycling, specifically relating to an artificial cultivation method for cultivating dew-covered termite mushrooms based on waste materials from white lingzhi mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Pleurotus eryngii, a rare edible and medicinal fungus, is widely welcomed in the market. Pleurotus eryngii is usually cultivated using mushroom logs. After one harvest, the logs still retain 30%-45% of their nutrients, but this is not enough to produce high-quality Pleurotus eryngii again. Therefore, the logs are usually discarded directly, which fails to make full use of resources and results in high production costs.

[0003] Therefore, how to recycle and utilize the waste substrate of Pleurotus eryngii to reduce production costs is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an artificial cultivation method for cultivating dew-covered termite mushrooms based on Pleurotus eryngii waste, which enables the recycling of Pleurotus eryngii substrate, increases production capacity, and effectively saves cultivation costs.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste, the key of which includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. After harvesting the white lingzhi mushrooms, the original substrate is recycled, and water is added to the substrate of the original substrate to form new substrates.

[0008] S2. Sterilize the new mushroom substrate;

[0009] S3. Inoculate the mushroom sticks with the strain of *Termitomyces albuminosus* (a type of mushroom);

[0010] S4. Transfer the mushroom sticks into the mycelium incubation room for mycelium incubation;

[0011] S5. After the mycelium has grown, remove the mycelium bag from the mycelium stick, place the mycelium stick on the ground of the growth room with the inoculation position facing upwards, and cover the mycelium stick with 3-5cm of topsoil.

[0012] S6. Manage ventilation, light, temperature and humidity in the growing room, and manage the moisture of the covering soil by spraying. Harvest after the mushrooms have emerged.

[0013] S7. After harvesting, clean the surface of the soil covering the mushroom and stop watering for 2-3 days. Then repeat step S6 to cultivate the next batch of Dew-covered Termitomyces mushrooms.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, after the original substrate sticks are recovered, the exposed substrate layer at the opening of the substrate bag is removed.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the bottom of the mushroom bag is opened and inoculation is performed on the bottom of the mushroom stick.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, before covering with soil, new substrate is first filled between the mushroom sticks, and the height of the new substrate is 0.2-0.4 times the height of the mushroom sticks, and then the soil is covered.

[0017] Alternatively, in step S1, the original mycelium is recovered, crushed, and new substrate is added.

[0018] Furthermore, the components of the new matrix, by weight, include 30-40 parts cottonseed hulls, 8-12 parts corn cobs, 3-9 parts wheat bran, 1 part lime, and 1 part gypsum.

[0019] Preferably, the composition of the cover soil, by weight, includes 45-65 parts humus, 20-30 parts garden soil, and 10-15 parts river sand.

[0020] Preferably, after mixing the components of the covering soil, it is spread out to be exposed to the sun for 3-5 days or sprayed with 5% lime water and then piled up for fermentation for 7-10 days. Before covering, the soil moisture content is adjusted to 20%-25%.

[0021] Preferably, in step S6, moisture management includes spraying water onto the cover soil in the morning or evening when the surface of the cover soil turns white and dry.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] This invention utilizes recycled waste mushroom logs from Pleurotus eryngii. After processing, these waste logs are used as new logs for inoculating with the spawn of Termitomyces albuminosus. Once the logs have fully developed mycelium, soil is placed over them to simulate a natural environment for Termitomyces albuminosus to grow. This invention achieves the recycling and utilization of waste Pleurotus eryngii logs, reduces planting costs, minimizes the cost of treating waste logs, and reduces adverse environmental impacts, thereby achieving higher economic value.

[0024] The casing soil, which is a mixture of humus, garden soil and river sand, is not only nutrient-rich but also has good water retention and air permeability. It can simulate the original soil of the dew-covered termite mushroom, promote good interaction between mycelium and soil, and improve mushroom production efficiency and quality.

[0025] Applying the inoculum of *Termitomyces albuminosus* to the bottom of the substrate not only facilitates the establishment and expansion of *Termitomyces albuminosus* mycelium, but also eliminates the need to crush and repackage the original substrate, thus optimizing the process and further reducing planting costs. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0027] Example 1, a method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste, the key of which includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. After harvesting the white lingzhi mushrooms, the original spawn logs are collected, broken up, and mixed with a new substrate to obtain a mixed substrate. The new substrate accounts for 20% of the weight of the original spawn logs. Moisture is added until the moisture content of the mixed substrate is 60%-65%. This mixture is then placed into spawn bags to obtain new spawn logs. To improve the normal mycelial growth and development of subsequent dew-covered termite mushrooms, the exposed substrate layer at the opening of the spawn bag can be removed. This removes the contaminated parts of the spawn logs that have been exposed to air for a long time, reducing the difficulty of sterilization, improving the sterilization effect, and avoiding problems such as stagnant mycelial growth, deformed fruiting bodies, or rot caused by contaminated substrate. This helps to improve the uniformity of fruiting in dew-covered termite mushrooms.

[0029] The matrix components, by weight, include 30-40 parts cottonseed hulls, 8-12 parts corn cobs, 3-9 parts wheat bran, 1 part lime, and 1 part gypsum.

[0030] S2. Sterilize the new mushroom sticks; the sterilization steps are the same as for ordinary mushroom sticks.

[0031] S3. Open the mushroom bag and inoculate the mushroom stick with the mushroom spawn of Dewdrop Termitomyces. After inoculation, seal the opening of the mushroom bag.

[0032] S4. Transfer the inoculated mushroom sticks into the mycelium incubation room for mycelium incubation.

[0033] S5. After the mycelium has grown, remove the mycelium bag from the substrate stick and place it on the ground of the growth chamber with the inoculation point facing upwards. Cover the substrate stick with a 3-5cm layer of topsoil. The topsoil consists of 55 parts humus, 30 parts garden soil, and 15 parts river sand by weight. Humus contains a large amount of organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other minerals, which can provide a continuous source of nutrition for the mushroom, promote mycelial growth and fruiting body development. Humus has a loose structure and high porosity, which can absorb a lot of water and slowly release it for mycelial absorption, avoiding the soil from being too dry or too wet and maintaining a stable humidity environment. Garden soil is relatively compact and contains a certain amount of clay particles, which can enhance the support of the topsoil, fix the position of the substrate stick, and prevent the substrate stick from shifting or tipping over due to watering or ventilation. River sand has coarse particles and a hard texture, which can significantly improve the aeration of the topsoil, prevent soil compaction, ensure smooth mycelial respiration, and avoid hypoxia in the bottom layer.

[0034] The casing soil prepared according to this ratio is not only nutrient-rich, but also has good water retention and air permeability. It can simulate the original soil of the dew-covered termite mushroom, promote good interaction between mycelium and soil, and improve mushroom production efficiency and quality.

[0035] After mixing the components of the cover soil, spread it out to dry in the sun for 3-5 days or spray it with 5% lime water and then pile it up to ferment for 7-10 days to reduce harmful substances in the cover soil. Before covering, adjust the soil moisture content to 20%-25%.

[0036] S6. Manage ventilation, light, and temperature and humidity in the growth chamber. Specifically, from the beginning of bud emergence, maintain the temperature inside the growth chamber at 20℃-30℃, the surface temperature at 22℃-26℃, and the humidity inside the growth chamber at no less than 75%. Provide 3-5 hours of light per day at an intensity of 100-200 Lux. Ventilate once before 10:00 AM each day for 8-15 minutes. On consecutive sunny days, ventilate again for 8-15 minutes after 5:00 PM. Moisture management of the casing soil is also necessary. Specifically, when the surface of the casing soil turns white and dry, replenish it with water by spraying in the morning or evening. The amount of water should be sufficient to allow the casing soil to hold its shape when squeezed in the hand. Harvest the mushrooms before the gills are fully unfolded.

[0037] S7. After harvesting, clean the remaining mushroom stems and debris from the surface of the covering soil, and stop watering for 2-3 days to promote the mycelium to re-accumulate nutrients. Then repeat step S6 to cultivate the next batch of Dew-covered Termitomyces mushrooms.

[0038] Pleurotus eryngii is a wood-rotting fungus. After the mushroom substrate is decomposed by Pleurotus eryngii, large molecules are initially broken down into smaller molecules. The inventors have discovered that the nutrients in the waste Pleurotus eryngii substrate are more easily absorbed and utilized by Termitomyces albuminosus. Using Pleurotus eryngii substrate waste as a cultivation substrate turns waste into treasure, significantly reducing the raw material costs of artificial cultivation of Termitomyces albuminosus. It also reduces the cost of Pleurotus eryngii waste disposal and resource consumption, achieving efficient resource utilization and improved economic benefits. Furthermore, it avoids environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of Pleurotus eryngii waste, such as incineration and landfill, reducing carbon dioxide and harmful gas emissions and soil degradation.

[0039] Example 2, a method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste, the key of which includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. After harvesting the white lingzhi mushrooms, the original spawn logs are recycled. The exposed substrate layer at the opening of the spawn bag is removed, water is added to the spawn logs, and the bag opening is sealed.

[0041] S2. Sterilize the new mushroom sticks.

[0042] S3. Open the bottom of the mushroom bag and inoculate the bottom of the mushroom log with the inoculum of *Termitomyces albuminosus*. After inoculation, seal the bottom of the mushroom bag. The fruiting location of *Termitomyces albuminosus* is at the top opening of the mushroom log. As the mycelium grows upwards, it preferentially absorbs nutrients from the top, leaving more incompletely decomposed basic nutrients at the bottom of the original mushroom log, which is beneficial for the colonization and expansion of *Termitomyces albuminosus* mycelium.

[0043] S4. Transfer the inoculated mushroom sticks into the mycelium incubation room for mycelium incubation.

[0044] S5. After the mycelium has fully developed, remove the substrate bags from the mushroom logs and place them on the floor of the growth chamber. Fill the spaces between the logs with new substrate and gently tamp it down. The height of the new substrate should be 0.2 times the height of the logs. Then cover the logs with a 3-5cm layer of soil. The new substrate at the bottom of the logs is rich in nutrients, compensating for the nutrient gap at the top of the original logs. This encourages the mycelium to expand downwards, forming a stronger mycelial network and laying the foundation for later fruiting.

[0045] Steps S6 and S7 are the same as in Example 1.

[0046] During its growth, the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii decomposes part of the substrate, creating a loose and porous structure in the substrate, which aligns with the aerobic growth characteristics of the *Termitomyces albuminosus* mycelium. The mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii is relatively robust and typically produces fruiting bodies at one end of the substrate. After high-pressure sterilization, the remaining mycelium dries and shrinks, further loosening the substrate. The mycelium near the top of the original substrate is stronger, making the top of the substrate more porous. Inverting the original substrate transforms its top into the bottom of a new substrate, facilitating the downward growth of the finer mycelium of *Termitomyces albuminosus*. Filling the bottom of the new substrate with fresh substrate further promotes mycelial diffusion. The lower temperature fluctuations around the bottom allow the dense mycelium to thrive in a stable environment, preventing drastic temperature changes at the top from affecting growth. Furthermore, the dense mycelial network at the bottom provides more concentrated nutrient delivery for fruiting body development, increasing fruiting efficiency.

[0047] One hundred bags of mushroom spawn were prepared using the methods of Example 1 and Example 2, respectively. The mushroom spawn were managed uniformly in the same growth chamber. After harvesting the dew-covered termite mushrooms, the yield was statistically analyzed. The yield of mushrooms produced by the method of Example 1 was 13.2 kg, and the yield of mushrooms produced by Example 2 was 13.4 kg.

[0048] It can be seen that the yields of Example 1 and Example 2 are similar, but Example 2, by preserving the complete structure of the mushroom sticks, inoculating the bottom, and filling the spaces between the mushroom sticks with new substrate, reduces the number of steps while ensuring the yield of mushrooms, which is more in line with the requirements of efficient recycling and cost saving.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After harvesting the white lingzhi mushrooms, the original substrate is recycled, and water is added to the substrate of the original substrate to form new substrates. S2. Sterilize the new mushroom substrate; S3. Inoculate the mushroom sticks with the strain of *Termitomyces albuminosus* (a type of mushroom); S4. Transfer the mushroom sticks into the mycelium incubation room for mycelium incubation; S5. After the mycelium has grown, remove the mycelium bag from the mycelium stick, place the mycelium stick on the ground of the growth room with the inoculation position facing upwards, and cover the mycelium stick with 3-5cm of topsoil. S6. Manage ventilation, light, temperature and humidity in the growing room, and manage the moisture of the covering soil by spraying. Harvest after the mushrooms have emerged. S7. After harvesting, clean the surface of the soil covering the mushroom and stop watering for 2-3 days. Then repeat step S6 to cultivate the next batch of Dew-covered Termitomyces mushrooms.

2. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, after the original substrate is recovered, the exposed substrate layer at the opening of the substrate bag is removed.

3. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the bottom of the mushroom bag is opened and inoculated into the bottom of the mushroom stick.

4. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the original mycelium is recovered, crushed, and a new substrate is added.

5. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, before covering with soil, new substrate is first filled between the mushroom sticks, and the height of the new substrate is 0.2-0.4 times the height of the mushroom sticks, and then the soil is covered.

6. A method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste, as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The components of the new matrix, by weight, include 30-40 parts cottonseed hulls, 8-12 parts corn cobs, 3-9 parts wheat bran, 1 part lime, and 1 part gypsum.

7. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the components of the covering soil, by weight, include 45-65 parts humus, 20-30 parts garden soil, and 10-15 parts river sand.

8. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 7, characterized in that: After mixing the components of the covering soil, spread it out to dry in the sun for 3-5 days or spray it with 5% lime water and then pile it up to ferment for 7-10 days. Before covering, adjust the soil moisture content to 20%-25%.

9. The method for artificially cultivating *Termitomyces albuminosus* based on *Pleurotus eryngii* waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, moisture management includes spraying water onto the cover soil in the morning or evening when the surface of the cover soil turns white and dry.