Optical lens and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses an optical lens and electronic equipment, which sequentially comprises a first lens with negative optical power, a second lens with optical power, a third lens with positive optical power, a fourth lens with positive optical power and a fifth lens with positive optical power from a first side to a second side along an optical axis, the first side of the first lens is a convex surface, the second side of the first lens is a concave surface, the second side of the third lens is a convex surface, and the second side of the fifth lens is a convex surface. Wherein the number of lenses with optical power in the optical lens is five; the optical lens satisfies: -1.8866<=F1 / F<= -1.2229 and 0.0938<=T34 / TTL<=0.1816.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical components, and more specifically, to an optical lens and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of intelligent driving technology, most cars are now equipped with LiDAR cameras. To reduce blind spots, blind spot detection radar is also typically installed on vehicles. Compared to conventional main detection radar, blind spot detection radar has characteristics such as a larger field of view, smaller aperture, and a greater number of lenses. The larger field of view leads to greater initial optical path distortion, reducing image quality, while the larger number of lenses not only results in higher production costs but also limits miniaturization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The first aspect of this application provides an optical lens comprising, sequentially from a first side to a second side along an optical axis, a first lens with negative optical power, a second lens with optical power, a third lens with positive optical power, a fourth lens with positive optical power, and a fifth lens with positive optical power. The first lens has a first convex surface and a second concave surface, the third lens has a second convex surface, and the fifth lens has a second convex surface. The optical lens contains five lenses with optical power. The optical lens satisfies the following conditions: -1.8866 ≤ F1 / F ≤ -1.2229 and 0.0938 ≤ T34 / TTL ≤ 0.1816, where F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F is the focal length of the optical lens, T34 is the center distance between the second surface of the third lens and the first surface of the fourth lens, and TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens.

[0004] The second aspect of this application provides an electronic device comprising an optical lens as described in the exemplary embodiments above, and at least one of an imaging element and a light source, wherein the imaging element is used to convert an optical image or optical information formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal, the light source is located on a second side of the optical lens, and the light emitted by the light source is projected onto a first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, forming an image or an illuminated area on the first side of the optical lens.

[0005] The first lens, with negative optical power, is a meniscus lens and convex on its first side. This facilitates the first lens in collecting light from a wide field of view and increasing luminous flux, which is then diffused to the second lens. Furthermore, by controlling the optical lens to satisfy the relationship -1.8866 ≤ F1 / F ≤ -1.2229, the divergence capability of the first lens is ensured to be moderate. This ensures that the first lens can receive light from a wide field of view while avoiding excessive correction burden on the rear elements of the system. While maintaining wide field of view coverage, it also helps control aberrations, adapting to the vehicle's blind spot compensation performance requirements and installation space requirements. The second side of the third lens is convex, which can effectively converge light, reducing the aperture pressure at the rear of the system. The fourth lens, with positive optical power, can further converge light from the front of the system, which helps balance aberrations and improve the overall resolution of the system. By controlling the optical lenses to meet the requirements of 0.0938≤T34 / TTL≤0.1816, sufficient stretching space is reserved for the optical path between the third and fourth lenses. This allows for proper adjustment of the optical power of the third and fourth lenses, effectively correcting field curvature and distortion in a wide field of view. Furthermore, it avoids excessive system length due to excessive spacing between the third and fourth lenses, thus adapting to installation space limitations on vehicles. By controlling the spacing between the third and fourth lenses to a reasonable proportion of the total system length, a smooth transition of light from the third lens to the fourth lens is ensured, providing a stable optical path for focusing the rear elements of the system. This contributes to improving the imaging consistency and energy concentration of laser blind spot correction across the entire field of view. The fifth lens, with positive optical power, can precisely converge light rays across a wide field of view, efficiently correcting residual field curvature and astigmatism in the front elements of the system.

[0006] Furthermore, the relationships -1.8866≤F1 / F≤-1.2229 and 0.0938≤T34 / TTL≤0.1816 can also be linked to form the golden balance point of "performance and size" in an ultra-wide-angle optical system. At the optical path matching level, the relationship -1.8866≤F1 / F≤-1.2229 clarifies the optical power range of the first lens. The first lens can compensate for the initial optical path distortion caused by the large field of view through a reasonable negative optical power, avoiding excessive light divergence and reserving a stable optical path input angle for subsequent lenses. Meanwhile, the relationship 0.0938≤T34 / TTL≤0.1816 can constrain the distance between the third and fourth lenses, thereby enabling the third and fourth lenses to accurately receive the optical path output from the first lens. At the level of aberration co-correction, the first lens performs preliminary correction of core distortions (such as barrel distortion) in a large field of view using a predetermined optical power, laying the foundation for fine correction by the third and fourth lenses; while the reasonable value of T34 enables the two positive optical power lenses, the third and fourth lenses, to form a "relay" aberration correction.

[0007] By simultaneously satisfying -1.8866≤F1 / F≤-1.2229 and 0.0938≤T34 / TTL≤0.1816, we can avoid aberration superposition caused by the mismatch between the optical power of the first lens and T34 (such as higher-order aberrations caused by excessively small absolute values ​​of F1 and T34), and optimize the spatial distribution and stability of the system. By limiting the optical power of the first lens to -1.8866≤F1 / F≤-1.2229, subsequent lenses do not need to be large enough to receive the light emitted from the first lens. Furthermore, by limiting the total optical length of the system to 0.0938≤T34 / TTL≤0.1816, we can effectively achieve system miniaturization, thereby adapting to the compact installation requirements of radar in automotive scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figures 1-13 The structural schematic diagrams of the optical lenses according to Embodiments 1-13 of this application are shown in sequence; Figure 14 and Figure 15 The modulation transfer function curves and dot plots of the optical lens according to Embodiment 11 of this application are shown in sequence; Figure 16 and Figure 17 The modulation transfer function curves and dot plots of the optical lens according to Embodiment 12 of this application are shown in sequence; Figure 18 and Figure 19 The modulation transfer function curves and dot plots of the optical lens according to Embodiment 13 of this application are shown in sequence. Detailed Implementation

[0009] To better understand this application, various aspects of this application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these detailed descriptions are merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application in any way. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements.

[0010] It should be noted that in this specification, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish one feature from another and do not imply any limitation on the features. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this application, the first lens discussed below may also be referred to as the second lens or the third lens.

[0011] In the accompanying drawings, the thickness, size, and shape of the lenses have been slightly exaggerated for ease of illustration. Specifically, the shapes of the spherical or aspherical surfaces shown in the drawings are illustrated by way of example. That is, the shapes of the spherical or aspherical surfaces are not limited to those shown in the drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn strictly to scale.

[0012] In this paper, the paraxial region refers to the region near the optical axis. If the lens surface is convex and the location of the convexity is not defined, it means that the lens surface is convex at least in the paraxial region; if the lens surface is concave and the location of the concaveness is not defined, it means that the lens surface is concave at least in the paraxial region. The surface of each lens closest to the first side is called the first side surface of the lens, and the surface of each lens closest to the second side is called the second side surface of the lens.

[0013] It should also be understood that the terms "comprising," "including," and / or "having," when used in this specification, indicate the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this application, the word "may" is used to mean "one or more embodiments of this application." And the term "exemplary" is intended to refer to an example or illustration.

[0014] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms (e.g., those defined in common dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so specified herein.

[0015] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0016] The features, principles and other aspects of this application are described in detail below.

[0017] An optical lens according to an exemplary embodiment of this application may include, for example, five lenses with optical power, namely a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens, which are arranged sequentially from the first side to the second side along the optical axis.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens provided in this application can be used as a light receiving lens or a light emitting lens, wherein: the light receiving lens is generally used to collect light from the object-side space, and the collected light is used to form detection information, including but not limited to imaging, laser point clouds, etc.; the light emitting lens is generally used to transmit light from the light emitting unit to the object-side space, and the light transmitted to the object-side space can be divided into projection light for forming a projection image or detection light for detecting target information, etc., according to the function of the light.

[0019] It is understood that when the optical lens provided in this application is used as a light-receiving lens such as a camera lens, a lidar receiver lens, a microscope lens, or a telescope lens, the term "first side" as used herein may refer to the object side, and "second side" may refer to the image side (such as the side where a photoelectric sensor or retina is located). That is, light from the object side can, for example, form an image on the image side. A camera lens may be, for example, a vehicle-mounted camera, an infrared camera, a drone camera, a night vision camera, a security monitoring camera, etc. When the optical lens provided in this application is used as a light-emitting lens such as a projection lens or a lidar transmitter lens, the term "first side" as used herein may refer to the object side, and "second side" may refer to the light source side.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the optical lens provided in this application can also simultaneously perform both light receiving and light transmitting functions. For example, the optical lens provided in this application is used in a lidar system with shared light and light paths, where the optical lens simultaneously performs the functions of emitting laser light and receiving radar echo beams. As another example, the optical lens provided in this application is used in a system integrating optical communication and radar, where the optical lens simultaneously performs the functions of emitting modulated optical signals and receiving radar echo beams.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens has negative optical power, a first side surface of the first lens is convex, and a second side surface of the first lens is concave. This design allows the first lens to be meniscus and convex towards the object side, which is beneficial for the first lens to collect a large field of view and increase the light flux, thereby allowing the light collected by the first lens to diffuse to the rear.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens has negative optical power, a first side surface that is planar, and a second side surface that is concave. The planar first side surface allows incident light rays (especially those at the edges of a large field of view) to enter the second lens at a gentler angle, thereby reducing abrupt changes in light refraction and lowering the likelihood of incident aberrations. The concave second side surface allows the second lens to precisely exert the diverging effect of a negative optical power lens, thus working in conjunction with the negative optical power first lens to further smooth out stray light rays at the edges of a large field of view, thereby suppressing distortion and field curvature commonly seen in ultra-wide-angle lenses.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens has negative optical power, a first concave side surface, and a second flat side surface. The concave first side surface allows for early capture of diverging light rays at the edges of a wide field of view, initially converging cluttered light paths and enhancing the ability to guide light at the edges of ultra-wide-angle views. The flat second side surface allows for a smoother output of the regulated light, preventing excessive light divergence that could significantly increase the load on the system's subsequent components.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens has negative optical power, a first side surface of the second lens is convex, and a second side surface of the second lens is concave. This design makes the second lens a meniscus lens convex towards the object side, which helps the second lens to further diffuse the light in front, thereby reducing the light angle and making the light transition smoother.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens has positive optical power, a first concave side surface, and a second convex side surface. This design allows the positive optical power second lens to be concave towards the object side, which helps control the trajectory of large-angle light rays emitted from the edge of the first lens, thereby achieving a smooth transition of light rays.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens has positive optical power, a first side surface of the second lens is convex, and a second side surface of the second lens is concave. This design allows the first side surface of the second lens to convex towards the object side, thereby helping to reduce the angle of incidence of light and thus reducing aberrations.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the third lens has positive optical power, and both its first and second sides are convex. This design allows the third lens to be a biconvex lens, thereby significantly converging light. On the one hand, it appropriately smooths out the divergence of light from the front group of the system, allowing light to smoothly transition to the rear lens; on the other hand, it helps to reduce the overall optical length of the system.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the third lens has positive optical power, a first concave side surface, and a second convex side surface. The concave first side surface of the third lens, in conjunction with the second side surface of the second lens, further diverges light, facilitating a smoother entry of light into the rear of the system. The convex second side surface of the third lens provides a stronger light-convexity effect, which helps reduce the pressure on the rear port diameter of the system.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth lens has positive optical power, a first concave side surface, and a second convex side surface. This design allows the fourth lens to further converge light rays from the front and balance phase aberration, thereby improving the overall resolution of the system.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth lens has positive optical power, a first convex surface, and a second flat surface. The convex first surface of the fourth lens efficiently converges the light emitted from the front group of the system (especially the scattered edge light in a large field of view), enhancing the light-gathering capability of the fourth lens and correcting residual light deflection in the front group. The flat second surface of the fourth lens stabilizes the output light, preventing the introduction of new aberrations due to excessive refraction, and establishing a regular optical path for the imaging of the fifth lens.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth lens has positive optical power, a first side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and a second side surface of the fourth lens is concave. This configuration allows the fourth lens to further receive and converge light rays from the front of the system, thereby ensuring that the light rays are smoothly emitted to the rear.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth lens has positive optical power, and both its first and second sides are convex. By configuring the fifth lens as a biconvex lens, diverging light rays can be quickly converged to the image plane, improving resolution.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth lens has positive optical power, a first side surface of the fifth lens is planar, and a second side surface of the fifth lens is convex. The planar first side surface of the fifth lens allows light rays emitted from the front system to enter smoothly, avoiding abrupt refraction changes and thus reducing the introduction of new aberrations. The convex second side surface of the fifth lens, relying on its positive optical power characteristic, can accurately converge light rays across a large field of view, effectively correcting residual field curvature and astigmatism in the front group of the system.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth lens has positive optical power, its first side surface is concave, and its second side surface is convex. This design allows the fifth lens to appropriately diverge the light rays emitted from the fourth lens, causing the light to bend upwards, thereby facilitating a smooth transition of the light rays to the rear optical system and expanding the image plane.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may further include an aperture stop, which may be disposed, for example, between the second lens and the third lens. It should be understood that the placement of the aperture stop between the second lens and the third lens is merely exemplary, and this application does not impose any specific limitations on it. The aperture stop may be placed in other positions as needed.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the first side surface of the fifth lens and the second side surface of the fifth lens have at least one inflection point.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the surfaces of the second and fifth lenses may have one or more aspherical surfaces.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may further include a filter located between the fifth lens and the image plane to filter light of different wavelengths. The optical lens may also, as needed, have a protective glass disposed between the filter and the image plane to prevent damage to internal components (e.g., chips) of the optical lens.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens may further include a photosensitive element disposed on the second side. Optionally, the photosensitive element disposed on the second side may be a photocoupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device (CMOS).

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 46.1513 ≤ (FOV×F) / H / 1° ≤ 65.4462. Preferably, 54.294 ≤ (FOV×F) / H / 1° ≤ 56.916. This design balances the light distribution under a large field of view. The wide-angle light collected by the front negative lens of the system is converged by the rear positive lens of the system, enabling a complete and clear image to be formed on the image plane. This balances the integrity of the field of view coverage and the imaging accuracy, improving the practical performance of the wide-angle system.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 4.8232 ≤ TTL / F ≤ 8.5532. Preferably, 5.674 ≤ TTL / F ≤ 7.437. This relationship, on the one hand, avoids insufficient spacing between the first two lenses and the last three lenses due to an excessively short total optical length, thereby preventing excessive optical path congestion and aberration concentration (such as distortion and coma), and avoiding difficulties in aberration correction. On the other hand, it also avoids a bulky system due to an excessively long total optical length, meeting the miniaturization requirements of wide-angle lenses.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0111 ≤ TTL / H / FOV × 1° ≤ 0.0277. Preferably, 0.013 ≤ TTL / H / FOV × 1° ≤ 0.024. This design, with a fixed image height and maximum field of view ratio, allows the above relationship to limit the total optical length of the system within a reasonable range. If TTL / H / FOV × 1° is too large, the total optical length and volume of the system will be large, contradicting the miniaturization requirements of automotive equipment. If TTL / H / FOV × 1° is too small, the total optical length of the system will be insufficient, resulting in a cramped optical path connection between the first two lenses and the last three lenses. This necessitates increasing the lens thickness or designing complex curved surfaces to compensate for aberrations, indirectly increasing the lens size.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 1.3886 ≤ TTL / DMAX ≤ 2.4355. Preferably, 1.634 ≤ TTL / DMAX ≤ 2.118. If TTL / DMAX is too small, it indicates that TTL is too small and DMAX is too large. In this case, the diverging light rays from the first two negative lenses are difficult to be effectively converged by the last three positive lenses over a short distance, which can easily cause off-axis aberrations (such as coma). If TTL / DMAX is too large, it indicates that TTL is too large and DMAX is too small. This not only increases the lens size but also limits the amount of light entering the lens, weakening the blind spot compensation effect. By controlling TTL / DMAX within the above reasonable range, the lens can receive light from a large field of view while meeting the miniaturization requirements, thus adapting to the compact assembly space on the vehicle. At the same time, it also ensures smooth optical path connection between the front and rear lens groups of the system, achieving a balance between lens size and performance while ensuring the amount of light entering and aberration correction.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.535 ≤ (F×θ) / D ≤ 1.0112. Preferably, 0.629 ≤ (F×θ) / D ≤ 0.879. This design not only allows the first lens to fully receive light from a large field of view, but also effectively controls the front aperture of the lens, adapting to the requirements of vehicle laser blind spot compensation lenses for a wide field of view and small size.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.006 ≤ D / H / FOV × 1° ≤ 0.0131. Preferably, 0.007 ≤ D / H / FOV × 1° ≤ 0.011. By controlling D / H / FOV × 1° within a reasonable range, on the one hand, the light-gathering aperture of the first side of the first lens is avoided from being too small, ensuring uniform light intake in all areas of the image plane and maintaining consistent image brightness; on the other hand, the light-gathering aperture of the first side of the first lens is avoided from being too large, causing the lens size to exceed the standard, thereby adapting the lens to the compact installation requirements of vehicles.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies the following: 0.2546≤D / H / F×1mm≤0.5109 (preferably), 0.299≤D / H / F×1mm≤0.444. This design balances beam utilization and structural compactness under a large field of view, improving the lens's imaging stability and engineering practicality under different operating conditions. By controlling D / H / F×1mm to satisfy the above relationship, on the one hand, it avoids the problem of edge field of view light being blocked due to insufficient light transmission aperture of the first side of the first lens in scenes with large image height (corresponding to a large field of view) or short focal length (reducing vignetting), ensuring uniform light intake in all areas of the image plane and maintaining consistent image brightness, especially suitable for the edge field of view requirements of large field of view lenses. On the other hand, it avoids the light transmission aperture of the first side of the first lens being too large, thereby preventing the lens size from exceeding the standard.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0058 ≤ |(HF×θ) / (F×θ)| ≤ 0.0635. Preferably, 0.007 ≤ |(HF×θ) / (F×θ)| ≤ 0.055. This design allows for control of the relative deviation between the actual image height and the ideal image height, ensuring the system's imaging fidelity and application reliability.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0965 ≤ BFL / TTL ≤ 0.3434. Preferably, 0.114 ≤ BFL / TTL ≤ 0.299. This design allows the system to have sufficient optical back focus for mounting detectors, filters, and other devices, while also allowing the overall optical length of the system to fit within the compact installation space of a vehicle. Furthermore, it reduces system aberrations, ensuring ranging accuracy and blind zone coverage.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.2837 ≤ F / H ≤ 0.5414. Preferably, 0.334 ≤ F / H ≤ 0.471. This design can reduce aberrations such as field curvature and astigmatism caused by the imbalance between focal length and image height, especially at the edges of a large field of view. It can also make the focusing accuracy of light more uniform in different areas of the image plane, improving the overall image clarity. The lower limit of the F / H value can avoid excessive image stretching caused by too small an F or too large an H (especially in large field of view scenes), prevent the target from being affected by proportional distortion on the image plane (such as misjudging the size of the object), and maintain the normal size relationship between near and far targets in the scene. The upper limit of the F / H value can avoid insufficient field of view coverage caused by too large an F or too small an H, ensure that light at the edge of a large field of view can be fully mapped onto the image plane, avoid wasting the effective area of ​​the sensor, and ensure complete imaging of edge details in wide-angle scenes.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.935 ≤ F / ENPD ≤ 1.61. Preferably, 1.1 ≤ F / ENPD ≤ 1.4. This design ensures that the relative aperture of the system is within a reasonable range, avoiding insufficient light transmission and ensuring sufficient brightness of the image plane in low-light environments, thereby meeting the adaptability requirements of vehicle blind spot compensation lenses for complex lighting environments.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0642 ≤ F / ENPD / D×1mm ≤ 0.1515. Preferably, 0.076 ≤ F / ENPD / D×1mm ≤ 0.132. This design can coordinate the divergence and convergence rhythm of the light beam in the optical path, reduce aberrations (such as spherical aberration and coma) caused by the mismatch between ENPD, D, and F, and ensure that the imaging of targets in both near and far blind areas remains clear and stable during laser blinding, thus balancing optical performance and engineering practicality.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.1676 ≤ (H / 2) / (F×tan(θ / 2)) ≤ 0.7051. Preferably, 0.197 ≤ (H / 2) / (F×tan(θ / 2)) ≤ 0.613. This design can control the theoretical half-image height and the actual half-image height of the system within a reasonable range, thereby balancing distortion and image plane adaptability in wide-angle scenes, improving imaging realism and sensor utilization, and ensuring target positioning accuracy.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: -1.8866 ≤ F1 / F ≤ -1.2229. Preferably, -1.641 ≤ F1 / F ≤ -1.439. This design allows the first lens to have moderate divergence capability, enabling it to fully receive light from a wide field of view while avoiding excessive correction burden on the rear lens group. This ensures wide field-of-view coverage while helping to control aberrations, adapting to the vehicle's blind spot compensation requirements and installation space constraints. A reasonable F1 value also efficiently corrects the refraction of incident light from a wide field of view, reducing light loss at the rear lens. Combined with the rear positive lens group, this ensures efficient light transmission, achieving a balance between small lens size and high light transmittance.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 29.2976 ≤ |F2 / F| ≤ 1791.7692. Preferably, 34.472 ≤ |F2 / F| ≤ 1557.97. Further, 34.472 ≤ |F2 / F| ≤ 99.2. This design allows for a weaker optical power in the second lens, thus evenly distributing the overall optical power of the lens and preventing aberration concentration in the front group (first and second lenses) due to excessive optical power, thereby reducing the aberration correction pressure on the three positive lenses in the rear group. Furthermore, by combining the initial suppression of ultra-wide-angle distortion by the first lens with the image quality optimization effect of the three positive lenses, it is possible to further balance aberrations such as field curvature and distortion caused by a large field of view, improving the imaging stability and edge image quality across the entire field of view. If the value of |F2 / F| is too small, it will cause excessive divergence or convergence imbalance of the beam, thereby disrupting the aberration balance of the lens group. The second lens will be unable to counteract the spherical aberration and chromatic aberration introduced by the first lens, and vignetting or clipping will easily occur at the edges of a large field of view, resulting in blurred lens imaging and a sharp drop in radar ranging accuracy. In addition, by adjusting |F2 / F| within the above relationship range, the focal length shift caused by thermal expansion and contraction or changes in refractive index of the lens in high and low temperature environments (-40℃~85℃) can be reduced, thereby stabilizing the cooperative relationship between the second lens and other lenses, reducing abrupt changes in aberrations, and maintaining the imaging accuracy of the system.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 1.6212 ≤ F3 / F ≤ 2.9033. Preferably, 1.907 ≤ F3 / F ≤ 2.524. The third lens needs to carry the large field of view light emitted by the first two lenses. If F3 / F is too small, the optical focal length of the third lens will be too large, and the third lens needs to maintain a large distance from the second lens to avoid excessive aberration accumulation. This is not conducive to miniaturization of the lens. At the same time, an excessively small F3 will also cause the curvature of the third lens surface to be too steep and the edges to be too thick. If F3 / F is too large, the third lens will not be able to converge light sufficiently. In addition, an excessively large F3 will also cause redundancy in the axial dimensions of the lens group. By controlling F3 / F within the above reasonable range, the third lens can both smoothly receive the diverging light of the front group of the system and reserve a reasonable working distance for the positive lens of the rear group, which is conducive to reducing the spacing between the lenses, helping to shorten the overall length of the lens, and adapting to the compact layout under a large field of view. The above relationship also ensures that F3 is significantly greater than F. This allows the third lens to smoothly receive the light pre-processed by the first two lenses, with the light gradually converging at the third lens rather than sharply converging. This gentle convergence effectively suppresses the excessively rapid increase in beam height within the system, allowing for control over the apertures of the subsequent fourth and fifth lenses, thereby compressing the lateral dimensions of the lens.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 3.831 ≤ F4 / F ≤ 13.6339. Preferably, 4.507 ≤ F4 / F ≤ 11.854. This setting allows the fourth lens to have a moderate optical power, enabling it to smoothly connect the optical paths of the third and fifth lenses, and to work with the rear positive lens to efficiently converge the diverging light from the front lens, thereby balancing aberrations. If F4 is too small, the fourth lens's light-gathering ability is too strong, easily causing the light to converge rapidly, exacerbating aberrations such as spherical aberration and coma, and increasing the aberration correction burden on the fifth lens. If F4 is too large, the fourth lens's light-gathering ability is insufficient, making it difficult to receive the light emitted from the third lens and guide it to the fifth lens, which may lead to optical path divergence and blurring of the large field of view edges.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 2.9192 ≤ F5 / F ≤ 5.8383. Preferably, 3.434 ≤ F5 / F ≤ 5.076. This ensures that the fifth lens has moderate light-gathering capability, guaranteeing not only stable light convergence to the image plane but also precise correction of residual aberrations, ensuring a flat image plane and clear imaging across the entire field of view. Simultaneously, it maintains a compact lens structure, perfectly meeting the dual requirements of high image quality and installation space constraints of vehicle laser blind spot compensation lenses.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.7546 ≤ F4 / F5 ≤ 3.97. Preferably, 0.888 ≤ F4 / F5 ≤ 3.452. This setting optimizes the synergistic effect of the four and five positive lenses, preventing aberration concentration caused by excessive focal length of the fourth lens and avoiding excessive burden on the fifth lens due to insufficient focal length of the fourth lens. Thus, the fourth and fifth lenses can finely correct residual aberrations (such as field curvature and distortion), balancing imaging accuracy at the edges and center. Based on the above relationship, the focal lengths of the fourth and fifth lenses can be rationally allocated, with F4 approaching or slightly exceeding F5. This allows the fourth lens to receive light from the larger gap between the third and fourth lenses, initially compressing the optical path using the reasonable focal length of the fourth lens, and then using the fifth lens (which works closely with the fourth lens) for fine focusing, avoiding the deterioration of spherical and chromatic aberration caused by overloading a single lens. For large field-of-view laser blind spot lenses, the above relationship can balance the focusing ability of the rear lens group of the system for beams at different field angles, ensure that the focusing accuracy of edge rays and center rays is consistent, and improve the distance accuracy and spot uniformity of blind spot detection.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.5681 ≤ T34 / F ≤ 1.3468. Preferably, 0.668 ≤ T34 / F ≤ 1.171. This allows T34 to be adjusted to a reasonable range, thereby smoothing the light path between the third and fourth lenses, balancing the compactness of the optical system with imaging uniformity. When T34 is small, the angle of light incident on the fourth lens is too large, which will introduce larger aberrations. When T34 is large, it will result in a larger overall optical length of the system, which is not conducive to lens miniaturization.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 4.2081 ≤ R1 / F ≤ 8.792. Preferably, 4.95 ≤ R1 / F ≤ 7.646. This controls R1 to a reasonable range, preventing excessively large R1 from causing concentrated light aberrations (such as coma and spherical aberration) at the edge of the first lens, while also preventing insufficient light deflection due to excessively small R1, which would affect the beam collection efficiency of large-angle light. For a wide-angle system, the above relationship can balance the light divergence capability of the first lens, thereby allowing the light to transition smoothly to the rear lens, reducing the superposition of aberrations with the second lens. This balances the optical performance and manufacturing feasibility of the first lens, improving the uniformity and sharpness of the image under a large field of view.

[0061] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: -2.3154 ≤ R6 / F ≤ -1.413. Preferably, -2.014 ≤ R6 / F ≤ -1.662. This allows the second side of the third lens to reasonably distribute the optical power, collaboratively correcting the aberrations introduced by the first and second lenses, and allowing light to smoothly transition to the fourth lens. This adapts to the need for a large field of view, reduces image quality degradation at the edges of the field of view, and simultaneously considers the manufacturing tolerances of the third lens, improving the system's imaging stability and sharpness. If R6 is too small, it will cause excessive refraction of light and introduce spherical aberration and coma. If R6 is too large, it will result in insufficient optical power of the third lens, causing the third lens to be unable to effectively receive the diverging light from the front lens group.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: -0.9936 ≤ R10 / F5 ≤ -0.4067. Preferably, -0.864 ≤ R10 / F5 ≤ -0.479. By adjusting R10, residual aberrations (such as field curvature) can be corrected in a coordinated manner, ensuring the image sharpness of the edge field of view in wide-angle scenes and improving the overall image quality stability of the optical system. If R10 is too small, light will be excessively deflected on the second side of the fifth lens, resulting in larger spherical aberration and coma. If R10 is too large, the fifth lens will lack sufficient optical power, thus failing to converge light to the image plane and causing image blurring.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0424 ≤ R7 / R8 ≤ 2.1276. Preferably, 0.05 ≤ R7 / R8 ≤ 1.85. This setting allows for a more balanced R7 and R8, preventing excessive concentration of optical focal length, thereby effectively correcting aberrations when the rear lens group converges light rays across a large field of view, ensuring clear and uniform imaging. If R7 / R8 is too small, it indicates that the first side of the fourth lens is excessively curved, and the second side of the fourth lens is excessively flat, leading to excessive concentration of optical focal length on the first side of the fourth lens and exacerbating spherical aberration. If R7 / R8 is too large, it indicates that the second side of the fourth lens is excessively curved, which may cause field curvature or astigmatism.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.3192 ≤ (1 / F4 + 1 / F5) × F ≤ 0.528. Preferably, 0.376 ≤ (1 / F4 + 1 / F5) × F ≤ 0.459. This balances the optical power load of the front and rear groups of the system: the front group (first lens, second lens, and third lens) provides initial control over the large field of view light, while the rear group bears nearly half of the total optical power, thus efficiently receiving light transmitted from the large gap between the third and fourth lenses. Through the close combination of the fourth and fifth lenses, fine focusing is achieved, reducing spherical aberration and chromatic aberration at the edges of the field of view. By controlling the proportion of optical power of the fourth and fifth lenses in the overall system, overload of the fourth and fifth lenses is avoided, ensuring accurate beam convergence across the entire field of view and improving the energy concentration and detection distance consistency during blind spot coverage.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: -0.2904 ≤ (1 / F1 + 1 / F2 + 1 / F3) × F ≤ -0.1238. Preferably, -0.252 ≤ (1 / F1 + 1 / F2 + 1 / F3) × F ≤ -0.146. This allows the front group of the system to maintain a moderate divergence capability, ensuring that the front group has sufficient negative optical power to receive light from a wide field of view, reducing the incident angle of edge light, thereby reducing coma and astigmatism, while avoiding excessive divergence of the front group that would overburden the subsequent fourth and fifth lenses with excessive focusing load. The arrangement of the first, second, and third lenses enhances the initial control of light from a wide field of view, laying the foundation for large-spacing correction of image field curvature between the third and fourth lenses and close-range precise focusing between the fourth and fifth lenses, ensuring the full field-of-view clarity of the laser blind spot lens.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.4511 ≤ R6 / R10 ≤ 0.9613. Preferably, 0.531 ≤ R6 / R10 ≤ 0.836. This allows R6 and R10 to be matched, thereby smoothing the optical path between the third and fourth lenses, reducing abrupt changes in light deflection, and lowering off-axis astigmatism and field curvature. Furthermore, it enhances the focusing consistency of the rear group (fourth and fifth lenses) of the system, and, in conjunction with the front group's control over the wide field of view, ensures uniform laser energy distribution across the entire field of view, improving edge detection accuracy.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 1.8275 ≤ F3 / T34 ≤ 3.4462. Preferably, 2.15 ≤ F3 / T34 ≤ 2.996. This coordinates the optical path connection in the long-spacing area between the front and rear groups of the system. Through the above relationship, the third lens can guide the initially controlled large field-of-view light beam at an appropriate angle between the third and fourth lenses, avoiding excessive light divergence and energy loss. Furthermore, the stretching effect of the distance between the third and fourth lenses, combined with the positive optical power of the third lens, initially corrects the image field curvature, laying the groundwork for the fine focusing of the rear group (fourth and fifth lenses). The above relationship ensures stable beam propagation between the third and fourth lenses, improving the convergence accuracy of edge field-of-view light beams and meeting the requirements of vehicle blind spot lenses for full-field laser energy uniformity and detection distance.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 3.8599≤F4 / T34≤18.2853. Preferably, 4.542≤F4 / T34≤15.9. This design ensures that F4 is much larger than T34, and that the fourth lens is a weakly positive lens. The fourth lens can smoothly receive the light transmitted between the third and fourth lenses, avoiding the deterioration of spherical aberration and coma of edge rays in a large field of view due to the excessive focal length of the fourth lens. At the same time, in conjunction with the stretching effect of the gap between the third and fourth lenses on the optical path, it further corrects the image field curvature, laying the groundwork for the fine focusing of this close-range combination of the fourth and fifth lenses, ensuring uniform energy distribution and consistent focusing accuracy of the laser beam across the entire field of view, and improving the reliability of long-distance and edge blind spot detection when filling blind spots in vehicles.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: -3.1024 ≤ R6 / T34 ≤ -1.2683. Preferably, -2.698 ≤ R6 / T34 ≤ -1.492. This design reduces energy loss due to excessive divergence of light rays at the edge of the large field of view within the long distance between the third and fourth lenses, and provides a reasonable incident angle for the fourth lens, reducing spherical aberration and astigmatism in the system. This design ensures the propagation stability of the laser beam within the long distance between the third and fourth lenses, enhances the focusing consistency of the rear group (fourth and fifth lenses) across the entire field of view, and improves the laser detection accuracy and energy uniformity in blind spots when filling in blind areas.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 3.9874 ≤ R1 / R2 ≤ 7.5945. Preferably, 4.691 ≤ R1 / R2 ≤ 6.603. This design allows for a larger R1 and a flatter first side of the first lens, thus gently receiving light rays from the edges of a large field of view and reducing reflection loss and glare caused by excessive incident angles. The above relationship also results in a smaller R2 and a steeper second side of the first lens, which helps enhance the divergence capability of the first lens, effectively diffusing large-angle light rays, reducing the incident angles of the second and third lenses, and alleviating the pressure of correcting off-axis aberrations (spherical aberration, coma). The close arrangement of the first, second, and third lenses efficiently guides light into the front group of the system, laying the foundation for the correction of the rear group and ensuring the uniformity of laser blind spot filling energy across the entire field of view and the accuracy of edge detection.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.4237 ≤ |R3 / R4| ≤ 9.7476. Preferably, 0.498 ≤ |R3 / R4| ≤ 8.476. This design allows for a smooth transition of light rays across a large field of view at the second lens, thereby suppressing astigmatism and field curvature while effectively avoiding higher-order aberrations and high sensitivity introduced by excessively extreme single-surface curvature. This balanced design enables the second lens to efficiently correct wide-angle aberrations generated by the front negative lens, while providing a good image quality foundation for the rear positive lens, ultimately ensuring that the lens has extremely high detection accuracy across the entire field of view.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 4.4791 ≤ |R5 / R6| ≤ 15.4316. Preferably, 5.269 ≤ |R5 / R6| ≤ 13.42. This allows the third lens to smoothly receive the large field-of-view light from the second lens, thereby reducing abrupt changes in light deflection and lowering spherical aberration. Simultaneously, the steeper second side of the third lens enhances its positive optical power, thus moderately converging the light and preventing excessive divergence between the third and fourth lenses, providing a reasonable incident angle for the fourth lens. This optimizes the optical path transition from the front to the rear group of the system, reduces off-axis aberrations, and ensures uniform energy across the entire field of view and accurate edge detection for laser blind spot correction.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 1.2087 ≤ |R9 / R10| ≤ 135.2375. Preferably, 1.422 ≤ |R9 / R10| ≤ 117.598. Within the above relationship range, the shape of the fifth lens can be between a plano-convex lens (the first side of the fifth lens is flat) and a deep meniscus lens (the first and second sides of the fifth lens are curved in the same direction). The flexible setting of the shape of the fifth lens facilitates its use as an efficient "optical path compressor" and "aberration corrector". Firstly, the optimized meniscus shape of the fifth lens can better converge the large-angle light rays emitted from the fourth lens, allowing them to reach the image plane at a gentler angle, thereby significantly reducing the back focal distance and compressing the overall length of the lens. Secondly, the special surface shape of the fifth lens can efficiently correct aberrations such as astigmatism and field curvature remaining at the front end of the system, improving edge image quality. This system achieves excellent imaging without relying on additional lenses, maintaining the system's miniaturization. Ultimately, the smoothly converging light path minimizes vignetting, ensuring high light throughput and uniform illumination at the edge of the wide-angle field of view.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0031 ≤ T45 / TTL ≤ 0.1018. Preferably, 0.004 ≤ T45 / TTL ≤ 0.089. Based on the above relationship, the proportion of surface T45 in TTL is extremely small, and the distance between the fourth and fifth lenses is strictly limited to a very small range. This directly and significantly shortens the length of the lens tail and effectively compresses the space at the end of the system, making a significant contribution to reducing the overall length of the system. This helps to achieve lens miniaturization and adapt to the compact installation requirements of vehicle lenses. At the same time, the small distance between the fourth and fifth lenses allows them to form a close focusing combination, reducing light divergence between the fourth and fifth lenses, enhancing the lens's ability to converge light at the edge of a large field of view, and reducing laser beam scattering loss. The above relationship balances the miniaturization of the system structure and optical performance, ensuring that the laser blind spot lens can achieve accurate focusing across the entire field of view within a limited space, improving the energy utilization and distance accuracy of blind spot detection. Meanwhile, the optimized micro-gap between the fourth and fifth lenses ensures that the light rays corrected and converged by the first four lenses are received by the fifth lens via the shortest and most direct path to achieve final imaging. The compact layout at the rear of the system minimizes light obstruction and internal reflection loss during the final transmission stage, effectively reducing vignetting and ensuring efficient light transmission at the edges of the ultra-wide field of view, thereby achieving the design goal of high light throughput.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0938 ≤ T34 / TTL ≤ 0.1816. Preferably, 0.11 ≤ T34 / TTL ≤ 0.158. This provides sufficient spacing between the third and fourth lenses to accommodate their combined optical power and stretch the optical path, effectively correcting field curvature and distortion in a large field of view. The aforementioned relationship further avoids excessive system length due to excessive spacing between the third and fourth lenses, allowing the lens to adapt to vehicle installation space limitations. Simultaneously, the reasonable proportion of T34 in the TTL ensures a smooth transition of light emitted from the third lens to the fourth lens, providing a stable optical path for the system's rear focusing group and improving the imaging consistency and energy concentration of laser blind spot compensation across the entire field of view. In summary, the above formula ensures a relatively compact yet sufficient spacing between the third and fourth lenses. This allows the light, corrected by the system's front-end lens, to transition and spread naturally, providing ideal incident conditions for the fourth lens with its strong positive optical power. This enables the fourth lens to efficiently converge light and contribute the main optical power. Simultaneously, it strictly avoids an unnecessary increase in the overall optical length of the system due to excessive spacing between the third and fourth lenses. The compact arrangement between the third and fourth lenses directly reduces the physical length of the lens. After optimization using the above formula, the T34 effectively reduces light obstruction during propagation, lowers vignetting, and ensures the transmittance of light at the wide-angle edge, thus achieving the performance goal of high light throughput.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 14.0338 ≤ |F2 / F3| ≤ 939.4053. Preferably, 16.509 ≤ |F2 / F3| ≤ 816.924. Further, 16.509 ≤ |F2 / F3| ≤ 48.089. This design allows the second lens to have a relatively low optical power, serving only to correct aberrations. Since the second lens does not require strong refractive power, it can be designed to be thinner and lighter, increasing light transmission efficiency. The third lens does not need to increase in size to compensate for the second lens, thus effectively limiting the overall lens volume, adapting to the compact installation space in vehicles, and balancing blind spot compensation performance with practicality in automotive scenarios. The second lens, with its weak optical power, acts as a gentle "guide," smoothly transitioning and fine-tuning the large-angle light rays strongly gathered by the first lens, avoiding drastic light deflection, thereby effectively suppressing the increase in light height and controlling the aperture of the lens group. Meanwhile, the smooth optical path transition minimizes light obstruction and vignetting, ensuring sufficient light transmission in the edge areas under an ultra-wide field of view. Subsequently, a third lens with extremely high optical power works in conjunction with the subsequent positive lens group to powerfully converge the light and make a dominant contribution to the system's focal length. This "weak-strong" relay mode of optical power between the second and third lenses ensures that light is transmitted through the system along a shorter path, significantly compressing the overall length of the lens and the lateral dimensions of the intermediate lens groups, thus achieving miniaturization.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.0009 ≤ |F1 / F2| ≤ 0.0538. Preferably, 0.001 ≤ |F1 / F2| ≤ 0.047. Further, 0.016 ≤ |F1 / F2| ≤ 0.047. Thus, the first lens can act as a high-power negative lens to collect large-angle light. The second lens can act as a low-power lens to transition between the front-end negative lens group and the rear-end positive lens group of the system, which helps the third, fourth, and fifth lenses to stably focus light and meet the light utilization requirements of blind spot detection.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 3.7629 ≤ |F2 / F4| ≤ 397.5395. Preferably, 4.427 ≤ |F2 / F4| ≤ 345.682. Further, 4.427 ≤ |F2 / F4| ≤ 16.561. This configuration ensures that the optical power of the second lens is much weaker than that of the fourth lens. The fourth lens can stably receive light and accurately converge it to the image plane, while the weaker optical power of the second lens can help correct subtle aberrations in the optical path (such as small-angle coma), avoiding point cloud blurring caused by light convergence deviation and ensuring the ranging accuracy of the lidar.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 6.7357 ≤ |F2 / F5| ≤ 352.9329. Preferably, 7.924 ≤ |F2 / F5| ≤ 306.905. Further, 7.924 ≤ |F2 / F5| ≤ 22.647. The above relationship means that the absolute value of the optical power of the second lens is much weaker than that of the fifth lens. As the last focusing lens, the fifth lens needs to accurately guide the light to the image plane (detector). The weaker optical power of the second lens not only avoids interfering with the final focusing accuracy of the fifth lens, but also assists in fine-tuning the optical path, reducing the convergence deviation of light rays at the edge of the field of view, reducing the risk of point cloud distortion, and ensuring the accuracy of the blind spot detection position. Furthermore, the weaker optical power of the second lens reduces its sensitivity to vibration. During vehicle bumps, the slight displacement of the second lens is less likely to cause optical path deviation. Combined with the stable focusing effect of the fifth lens at the end of the system, this improves the overall vibration resistance of the lens and ensures the reliability of detection under complex road conditions. The second lens, with its lower optical power, gently guides the large-angle light rays gathered by the first lens, allowing them to smoothly transition to the rear lens group of the system at a gentler angle and lower height, rather than undergoing drastic deflection. This significantly reduces the aperture of the intermediate lens group and the overall system size. Finally, the fifth lens, with its strong positive optical power, powerfully converges the light rays, ensuring a stable overall focal length for the system.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: -0.083 ≤ (1 / F1 + 1 / F2 + 1 / F3) × F / T34 × 1mm ≤ -0.044. Preferably, -0.072 ≤ (1 / F1 + 1 / F2 + 1 / F3) × F / T34 × 1mm ≤ -0.052. This allows for precise control of the optical power coordination rhythm of the first, second, and third lenses, combining the characteristics of the negative optical power of the first lens, the weak optical power of the second lens, and the positive optical power of the third lens. This avoids excessive convergence of light rays in the middle of the system due to excessive strength of the third lens, thereby reducing aberrations such as spherical aberration and field curvature, ensuring consistent point cloud accuracy between the lower edge and the center field of view in a large field of view, and preventing detection deviations in blind spots. Furthermore, based on the above relationship, the light rays emitted from the third lens can enter the fourth lens at an appropriate angle, avoiding optical path fluctuations caused by imbalances in the incident angle of the light rays. This maintains optical path stability and ensures the reliability of the detection data even in the wide temperature window and bumpy environment of a vehicle.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 0.077 ≤ (1 / F4 + 1 / F5) × F / T34 × 1mm ≤ 0.2085. Preferably, 0.091 ≤ (1 / F4 + 1 / F5) × F / T34 × 1mm ≤ 0.181. This ensures that the light emitted from the third lens, after being focused by the fourth and fifth lenses, converges to the image plane at an optimal angle, reducing spherical aberration and distortion at the edges of the field of view, and improving the uniformity and clarity of the point cloud in the blind spot area. The relative positions of the fourth and fifth lenses will shift due to temperature changes or vibrations. Based on the above relationship, the impact of this relative position shift on the optical path can be reduced, thus ensuring stable light focusing accuracy in complex automotive environments and guaranteeing the ranging consistency of the lidar. Furthermore, the above relationship also limits T34 and reduces the overall size of the lens. The fourth and fifth lenses work together to optimize the optical path, reducing light loss. Combined with a suitable T34, they can ensure light transmission efficiency in a large field of view, while balancing the system's small size and high light transmission.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 2.6177 ≤ (TCE2 / F2 + TCE5 / F5) × 1℃ ≤ 5.7186. Preferably, 3.08 ≤ (TCE2 / F2 + TCE5 / F5) × 1℃ ≤ 4.973. This improves the lens's thermal stability. When the lens temperature changes, the focal lengths of the second and fifth lenses can coordinate with each other to provide reasonable thermal compensation for the other lenses, reducing focal length drift and image quality degradation caused by thermal expansion. This allows the lens to maintain relatively stable optical performance under different temperature environments.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies the following condition: 0.0965 ≤ BFL / TTL ≤ 0.3434. Preferably, 0.114 ≤ BFL / TTL ≤ 0.299. This balances the lens imaging accuracy with the compact installation requirements on the vehicle. If the BFL is too short, stray light interference will occur, making it difficult to ensure accurate focusing of light in a large field of view. If the BFL is too long, the TTL will inevitably increase, making it difficult to meet the compact and miniaturized installation requirements of radar in automotive scenarios. A reasonable BFL / TTL value allows the distance from the fifth lens to the sensor to be adapted to its calibration function. Combined with the adjustment of the optical path by the second lens, it can reduce back focus shift under high and low temperature environments, while ensuring that the spacing between each lens is coordinated, reducing the impact of assembly errors on detection accuracy.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the second lens is made of plastic, and / or the fifth lens is also made of plastic. This not only reduces costs but also ensures that the back focus shift is complementary under high and low temperature environments. The reason for choosing plastic as the material for the second lens is that the first lens, being at the very front of the system, is directly exposed to the outdoor environment and must withstand adverse effects such as high-temperature exposure, low-temperature freezing, and dust impact. Plastic has a high coefficient of thermal deformation, weak aging resistance and impact resistance, and is prone to deformation or damage. Simultaneously, the first lens is also the entrance to the large field-of-view optical path, undertaking the core task of preliminary distortion correction. However, plastic has unstable dispersion and is difficult to precisely mold; using plastic for the first lens would lead to increased aberrations, affecting detection accuracy. The second lens, located in the middle of the system, is less affected by the external environment, and its function is mainly for optical path transition adjustment, not a core aberration correction element. Therefore, plastic not only has a significant advantage in terms of lightweight design, but its molding process can also meet the performance requirements of the second lens without having a critical impact on the core performance of the radar. When the second lens is positive, its focal length is large, resulting in weak light-gathering ability. Therefore, the second lens is less sensitive to temperature changes and less prone to focal length shifts due to high and low temperatures, thus mitigating the thermal stability limitations of plastic materials. Furthermore, the combined back focal shift of the first and second lenses can compensate for the back focal shift caused by the fifth lens. Among the third, fourth, and fifth lenses, the fifth lens is chosen to be made of plastic because the third and fourth lenses are the positive lenses in the middle and rear sections of the system, responsible for the core focusing and aberration correction tasks of the large field-of-view optical path, making them crucial for ensuring radar ranging accuracy. Since plastic has an unstable dispersion coefficient and significant thermal deformation, it easily introduces chromatic aberration, and its molding process is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision curved surfaces. Using plastic for the third and fourth lenses would directly disrupt the optical path balance, leading to distorted detection data. While the fifth lens is close to the sensor, the preceding third and fourth lenses have already completed the main optical path calibration tasks. Therefore, the fifth lens mainly performs final fine-tuning and has a weaker impact on the core accuracy of the system. Meanwhile, the fifth lens, located inside the entire lens group, is less affected by the environment. Using plastic as the material for the fifth lens fully leverages its lightweight and ease of processing advantages, while avoiding significant interference with the core radar performance. Furthermore, setting the surface of the fifth lens, which is close to the image plane, as an aspherical surface improves the overall aberration correction effect of the system. The combined optical power of the second and fifth lenses utilizes the thermal deformation characteristics of plastic for reverse compensation, ensuring optical path stability while avoiding the core lens and not affecting radar detection accuracy.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical lens satisfies: 29.2976 ≤ |F2 / F| ≤ 1791.7692 and 2.9192 ≤ F5 / F ≤ 5.8383. Preferably, 34.472 ≤ |F2 / F| ≤ 1557.97 and 3.434 ≤ F5 / F ≤ 5.076. The relatively wide range of |F2 / F| allows the second lens to adapt to the core function of optical path adjustment with a large focal length, not only correcting large field-of-view distortion but also leaving sufficient space for the optical power combination formed with the fifth lens. The relatively narrow range of F5 / F ensures that the ratio between the focal length of the fifth lens and the total focal length of the system is relatively stable. The combination of these two relationships not only optimizes the imaging basis through the adjustment of the second lens but also stabilizes the focusing enhancement accuracy through the fifth lens. Relying on the optical power and focal length characteristics of the second and fifth lenses, complementary back focal shift can be achieved in high and low temperature environments, taking into account both optical path balance and environmental adaptability.

[0086] Wherein, FOV is the maximum field of view of the optical lens, F is the focal length of the optical lens, H is the image height corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens, DMAX is the maximum aperture of the optical lens, θ is the radian value corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, D is the aperture on the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, BFL is the optical back focal length of the optical lens, ENPD is the entrance pupil diameter of the optical lens; F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, F3 is the focal length of the third lens, F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, F5 is the focal length of the fifth lens; T34 is the center distance between the second side of the third lens and the first side of the fourth lens, T45 is the focal length of the fifth lens; T34 is the center distance between the second side of the third lens and the first side of the fourth lens, and T45 is the focal length between the second side of the third lens and the first side of the fourth lens. The center-to-center distance between the second side surface of the fourth lens and the first side surface of the fifth lens; R1 is the central radius of curvature of the first side surface of the first lens, R2 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the first lens, R3 is the central radius of curvature of the first side surface of the second lens, R4 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the second lens, R5 is the central radius of curvature of the first side surface of the third lens, R6 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the third lens, R7 is the central radius of curvature of the first side surface of the fourth lens, R8 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the fourth lens, R9 is the central radius of curvature of the first side surface of the fifth lens, R10 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the fifth lens; TCE2 is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the second lens, and TCE5 is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fifth lens.

[0087] The optical lens according to the above embodiments of this application can employ multiple lenses, such as the five lenses mentioned above. By rationally allocating the optical parameters of each lens, miniaturization and high resolution characteristics of the optical lens are achieved, making it well-suited for applications such as automotive chips without vignetting. This optical lens exhibits excellent temperature performance, with minimal changes in imaging effect at high and low temperatures and stable image quality. Therefore, the optical lens according to the above embodiments of this application better meets the requirements of applications such as automotive applications.

[0088] Those skilled in the art should understand that the total optical length (TTL) of the optical lens used above refers to the on-axis distance from the first side surface of the first lens to the imaging plane or image source plane; and the back focal length (BFL) of the optical lens refers to the on-axis distance from the second side surface of the fifth lens to the imaging plane or image source plane.

[0089] However, those skilled in the art will understand that the number of lenses constituting the optical lens can be varied to obtain the various results and advantages described herein without departing from the technical solutions claimed in this application. For example, although five lenses are described as an example in the embodiments, the optical lens is not limited to including five lenses. If desired, the optical lens may also include other numbers of lenses.

[0090] Specific embodiments of the optical lens applicable to the above-described embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the units for the radius of curvature and thickness / distance in the basic parameters of the optical lens are mm.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] The following is for reference Figure 1 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application comprises, sequentially from a first side to a second side along the optical axis: a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3, a fourth lens L4, and a fifth lens L5. An aperture stop STO may be disposed between the second lens L2 and the third lens L3. The first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 has at least one inflection point.

[0093] The first lens L1 has negative optical power, its first side surface S1 is convex, and its second side surface S2 is concave.

[0094] The second lens L2 has negative optical power, with its first side surface S3 being convex and its second side surface S4 being concave. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2 tends to be infinity and can be approximated as a plane.

[0095] The third lens L3 has positive optical power, and its first side surface S6 is convex, and its second side surface S7 is convex.

[0096] The fourth lens L4 has positive optical power, with its first side surface S8 being concave and its second side surface S9 being convex.

[0097] The fifth lens L5 has positive optical power, and its first side surface S10 is convex, and its second side surface S11 is convex.

[0098] An image plane IMA is provided on the second side of the optical lens. A filter IR and a protective glass CG are disposed between the fifth lens L5 and the image plane IMA. The filter IR has a first side surface S12 and a second side surface S13, and the protective glass CG has a first side surface S14 and a second side surface S15. When the IMA is the imaging plane, light from the object passes through each surface sequentially and is finally imaged on the IMA. When the IMA is the image source plane, light from the IMA passes through each surface sequentially and is finally projected onto the object.

[0099] Table 1 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 1.

[0100] Table 1

[0101]

[0102] In Embodiment 1, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. The surface shape of each aspherical surface can be defined using, but is not limited to, the following aspherical surface formula: .

[0103] Where x is the distance vector from the vertex of the aspherical surface at a height h along the optical axis; c is the paraxial curvature of the aspherical surface, c = 1 / R (i.e., the paraxial curvature c is the reciprocal of the radius of curvature R in Table 1 above); k is the conic coefficient; Ai is the i-th order correction coefficient of the aspherical surface. Table 2 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 1.

[0104] Table 2

[0105]

[0106] The optical lens of Example 1 has an MTF value exceeding 0.62 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 14 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 86% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 1 exhibits high resolving power.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] The following is for reference Figure 2The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature of each lens surface and the lens thickness are different.

[0109] Table 3 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens in Example 2.

[0110] Table 3

[0111]

[0112] In Example 2, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 4 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 1.

[0113] Table 4

[0114]

[0115] The optical lens of Example 2 has an MTF value exceeding 0.67 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 14.3 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 88% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 2 exhibits high resolving power.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] The following is for reference Figure 3 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 is concave.

[0118] Table 5 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens in Example 3.

[0119] Table 5

[0120]

[0121] In Example 3, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 6 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 3.

[0122] Table 6

[0123]

[0124] The optical lens of Example 3 has an MTF value exceeding 0.56 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 17.4 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 78% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 3 exhibits high resolving power.

[0125] Example 4

[0126] The following is for reference Figure 4 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 is concave.

[0127] Table 7 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens in Example 4.

[0128] Table 7

[0129]

[0130] In Example 4, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 8 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 4.

[0131] Table 8

[0132]

[0133] The optical lens of Example 4 has an MTF value exceeding 0.56 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 17.4 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 78% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 4 exhibits high resolving power.

[0134] Example 5

[0135] The following is for reference Figure 5 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 is concave.

[0136] Table 9 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 5.

[0137] Table 9

[0138]

[0139] In Example 5, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 10 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 5.

[0140] Table 10

[0141]

[0142] The optical lens of Example 5 has an MTF value exceeding 0.62 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 12.8 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 85% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 5 exhibits high resolving power.

[0143] Example 6

[0144] The following is for reference Figure 6 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 is concave.

[0145] Table 11 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 6.

[0146] Table 11

[0147]

[0148] In Example 6, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 12 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 6.

[0149] Table 12

[0150]

[0151] The optical lens of Example 6 has an MTF value exceeding 0.62 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 12.7 μm at the edge field of view; and in terms of diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 86% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 6 exhibits high resolving power.

[0152] Example 7

[0153] The following is for reference Figure 7 The optical lens described in Embodiment 1 of this application differs from that in Embodiment 1 mainly in that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first side surface S6 of the third lens L3 is concave. The radii of curvature of the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2 and the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 in this embodiment tend to be infinity and can be approximated as planes.

[0154] Table 13 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 7.

[0155] Table 13

[0156]

[0157] In Example 7, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 14 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 7.

[0158] Table 14

[0159]

[0160] The optical lens of Example 7 has an MTF value exceeding 0.73 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 13 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 88% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 7 exhibits high resolving power.

[0161] Example 8

[0162] The following is for reference Figure 8 The optical lens described in Embodiment 1 of this application differs from that in Embodiment 1 mainly in that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; and the optical power of the second lens L2 is positive.

[0163] Table 15 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 8.

[0164] Table 15

[0165]

[0166] In Example 8, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 16 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 8.

[0167] Table 16

[0168]

[0169] The optical lens of Example 8 has an MTF value exceeding 0.7 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root mean square radius of the spot on the image plane is 12.75 μm at the edge field of view; and in terms of diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 92% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 8 exhibits high resolving power.

[0170] Example 9

[0171] The following is for reference Figure 9 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature of each lens surface and the lens thickness are different.

[0172] Table 17 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 9.

[0173] Table 17

[0174]

[0175] In Example 9, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 18 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 9.

[0176] Table 18

[0177]

[0178] The optical lens of Example 9 has an MTF value exceeding 0.71 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 12 μm at the edge field of view; regarding diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at a point where the spot energy accounts for 91% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 9 exhibits high resolving power.

[0179] Example 10

[0180] The following is for reference Figure 10 The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature of each lens surface and the lens thickness are different.

[0181] Table 19 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 10.

[0182] Table 19

[0183]

[0184] In Example 10, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 20 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 10.

[0185] Table 20

[0186]

[0187] The optical lens of Example 10 has an MTF value exceeding 0.56 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). In terms of the dot plot, the root-mean-square radius of the spot on the image plane is 16.8 μm at the edge field of view; and in terms of diffraction ingress energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm at the point where the spot energy accounts for 77% of the total light energy. The optical lens given in Example 10 exhibits high resolving power.

[0188] Example 11

[0189] The following is for reference Figure 11The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application is described. The main difference between this optical lens and Embodiment 1 is that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the optical power of the second lens L2 is positive, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is concave, and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2 is convex; the first side surface S6 of the third lens L3 is concave; the first side surface S8 of the fourth lens L4 is convex, and the second side surface S9 of the fourth lens L4 is concave; the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 does not have a curvature point, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 has at least one curvature point.

[0190] Table 21 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 11.

[0191] Table 21

[0192]

[0193] In Example 11, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 22 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 11.

[0194] Table 22

[0195]

[0196] like Figure 14 As shown, the optical lens of Example 11 has an MTF value exceeding 0.66 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). Figure 15 As shown, in terms of the dot plot, at the edge of the field of view, the root mean square radius of the light spot on the image plane is 10.6 μm; in terms of diffraction ingress energy, at the point where the light spot energy accounts for 92% of the total light energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm. The optical lens given in Example 11 has high resolving power.

[0197] Example 12

[0198] The following is for reference Figure 12The optical lens according to Embodiment 1 of this application differs from Embodiment 1 mainly in that: the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the optical power of the second lens L2 is positive, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is concave, and the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2 is convex; the first side surface S6 of the third lens L3 is concave; the first side surface S8 of the fourth lens L4 is convex, and the second side surface S9 of the fourth lens L4 is concave; the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5 does not have a curvature point, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 has at least one curvature point. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the second side surface S9 of the fourth lens L4 tends to be infinite and can be approximated as a plane.

[0199] Table 23 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 12.

[0200] Table 23

[0201]

[0202] In Example 12, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 24 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 12.

[0203] Table 24

[0204]

[0205] like Figure 16 As shown, the optical lens of Example 12 has an MTF value exceeding 0.7 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). Figure 17 As shown, in terms of the dot plot, at the edge of the field of view, the root mean square radius of the light spot on the image plane is 10.3 μm; in terms of diffraction ingress energy, at the point where the light spot energy accounts for 93% of the total light energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm. The optical lens given in Example 12 has high resolution.

[0206] Example 13

[0207] The following is for reference Figure 13 The optical lens described in Embodiment 1 of this application differs from that in Embodiment 1 primarily in that the optical parameters such as the radius of curvature and lens thickness of each lens surface are different; the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2 is concave. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2 tends to be infinity and can be approximated as a plane.

[0208] Table 25 shows the basic parameters of the optical lens of Example 13.

[0209] Table 25

[0210]

[0211] In Example 13, the first side surface S3 of the second lens L2, the second side surface S4 of the second lens L2, the first side surface S10 of the fifth lens L5, and the second side surface S11 of the fifth lens L5 are all aspherical surfaces. Table 26 gives the conic coefficient k and higher-order coefficients that can be used for each aspherical surface in Example 13.

[0212] Table 26

[0213]

[0214] like Figure 18 As shown, the optical lens of Example 13 has an MTF value exceeding 0.78 at a spatial frequency of 17 lp / mm (17 lines / mm). Figure 19 As shown, in terms of the dot plot, at the edge of the field of view, the root mean square radius of the light spot on the image plane is 11.9 μm; in terms of diffraction ingress energy, at the point where the light spot energy accounts for 94% of the total light energy, the diameter of the circle on the image plane is less than 15 μm. The optical lens given in Example 13 has high resolution.

[0215] Tables 27-1 and 27-2 show the specific parameters of the lenses in Examples 1-13, respectively, where E1-E13 represent Examples 1-13. The units for TCE2 and TCE5 are 10. -6 / ℃, FOV is in °, θ is in rad, and other parameters are in mm.

[0216] Table 27-1

[0217]

[0218] Table 27-2

[0219]

[0220] Tables 28-1 and 28-2 show the specific values ​​of each relation in Examples 1-13, respectively.

[0221] Table 28-1

[0222]

[0223] Table 28-2

[0224]

[0225] This application also provides an electronic device including an optical lens as described in the exemplary embodiments above and an imaging element for converting an optical image formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal. The imaging element is disposed on a second side of the optical lens, for example, on an imaging surface, and may be, for example, a photosensitive coupling element (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor element (CMOS). Light from the first side is imaged on the second side after passing through the optical lens.

[0226] This application also provides an electronic device including an optical lens and a light source as described in the exemplary embodiments above, with the light source located on a second side of the optical lens. Light emitted from the light source is projected onto a first side of the optical lens after passing through it, forming an image or illuminating an area on the first side.

[0227] This application also provides an electronic device, including a first device and a second device. The first device may be, for example, a lidar transmitter, and the second device may be, for example, a lidar receiver. The first device may include an optical lens and a light source as described in the exemplary embodiments above. The light source is located on the second side of the optical lens, and the light emitted by the light source is projected onto the first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, forming an image or illuminating an area on the first side. The second device may include an optical lens as described in the exemplary embodiments above and an imaging element for converting the optical image formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal. The imaging element is disposed on the second side of the optical lens (e.g., disposed on an imaging surface), and the imaging element may be, for example, a photocoupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device (CMOS). The light from the first side is imaged on the second side after passing through the optical lens.

[0228] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. An optical lens, characterized in that, Along the optical axis, from the first side to the second side, the following are included in sequence: A first lens with negative optical power, wherein the first side surface of the first lens is convex and the second side surface of the first lens is concave; A second lens with optical power; A third lens having positive optical power, wherein the second side surface of the third lens is convex; A fourth lens with positive optical power; A fifth lens with positive optical power, wherein the second side surface of the fifth lens is convex; The optical lens has five lenses with optical power. The optical lens satisfies the following conditions: -1.8866≤F1 / F≤-1.2229 and 0.0938≤T34 / TTL≤0.1816, where F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F is the focal length of the optical lens, T34 is the center distance between the second side surface of the third lens and the first side surface of the fourth lens, and TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens.

2. The optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second lens has a negative optical power, its first side surface is a plane, and its second side surface is a concave surface; or, The second lens has a negative optical power, its first side surface is concave, and its second side surface is flat; or, The second lens has a negative optical power, a convex first side surface, and a concave second side surface; or... The second lens has positive optical power, a first concave side surface, and a second convex side surface; or... The second lens has a positive optical power, a first side surface that is convex, and a second side surface that is concave.

3. The optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first side surface of the third lens is convex; or... The first side surface of the third lens is concave.

4. The optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first side surface of the fourth lens is concave, and the second side surface of the fourth lens is convex; or... The first side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and the second side surface of the fourth lens is planar; or, The first side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and the second side surface of the fourth lens is concave.

5. The optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first side surface of the fifth lens is convex; or... The first side surface of the fifth lens is a plane; or, The first side surface of the fifth lens is concave.

6. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 46.1513≤(FOV×F) / H / 1°≤65.4462, 4.8232≤TTL / F≤8.5532, 0.0111≤TTL / H / FOV×1°≤0.0277, 1.3886≤TTL / DMAX≤2.4355, 0.535≤(F×θ) / D≤1.0112, 0.006≤D / H / FOV×1°≤0.0131, 0.2 546≤D / H / F×1mm≤0.5109, 0.0058≤|(HF×θ) / (F×θ)|≤0.0635, 0.0965≤BFL / TTL≤0.3434, 0.2837≤F / H≤0.5414, 0.935≤F / ENPD≤1.61, 0.0642≤F / ENPD / D×1mm≤0.1515 and 0.1676≤(H / 2) / (F×tan(θ / 2))≤0.7051; Wherein, FOV is the maximum field of view of the optical lens, F is the focal length of the optical lens, H is the image height corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens, DMAX is the maximum aperture of the optical lens, θ is the radian value corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, D is the aperture on the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, BFL is the optical back focal length of the optical lens, and ENPD is the entrance pupil diameter of the optical lens.

7. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 4.2081≤R1 / F≤8.792 and 3.9874≤R1 / R2≤7.5945; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, R1 is the central radius of curvature of the first side surface of the first lens, and R2 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the first lens.

8. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 0.4237≤|R3 / R4|≤9.7476, 14.0338≤|F2 / F3|≤939.4053, 0.0009≤|F1 / F2|≤0.0538, and 3.7629≤|F2 / F4|≤397.5395; Wherein, R3 is the center radius of curvature of the first side of the second lens, R4 is the center radius of curvature of the second side of the second lens, F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, F3 is the focal length of the third lens, and F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens.

9. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 4.4791≤|R5 / R6|≤15.4316 and -2.3154≤R6 / F≤-1.413; Wherein, R5 is the center radius of curvature of the first side of the third lens, R6 is the center radius of curvature of the second side of the third lens, and F is the focal length of the optical lens.

10. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 3.831≤F4 / F≤13.6339 and 0.0424≤R7 / R8≤2.1276; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, R7 is the center radius of curvature of the first side of the fourth lens, and R8 is the center radius of curvature of the second side of the fourth lens.

11. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 2.9192≤F5 / F≤5.8383, -0.9936≤R10 / F5≤-0.4067 and 1.2087≤|R9 / R10|≤135.2375; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, F5 is the focal length of the fifth lens, R9 is the central radius of curvature of the first side of the fifth lens, and R10 is the central radius of curvature of the second side of the fifth lens.

12. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: -0.2904≤(1 / F1+1 / F2+1 / F3)×F≤-0.1238 and -0.083≤(1 / F1+1 / F2+1 / F3)×F / T34×1mm≤-0.044; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, and F3 is the focal length of the third lens.

13. The optical lens according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 0.3192≤(1 / F4+1 / F5)×F≤0.528, 0.077≤(1 / F4+1 / F5)×F / T34×1mm≤0.2085, 0.0031≤T45 / TTL≤0.1018 and 0.7546≤F4 / F5≤3.97; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, F5 is the focal length of the fifth lens, T34 is the center distance between the second side surface of the third lens and the first side surface of the fourth lens, T45 is the center distance between the second side surface of the fourth lens and the first side surface of the fifth lens, and TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens.

14. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 1.8275≤F3 / T34≤3.4462, 0.4511≤R6 / R10≤0.9613, 0.5681≤T34 / F≤1.3468, 3.8599≤F4 / T34≤18.2853 and -3.1024≤R6 / T34≤-1.2683; Wherein, F3 is the focal length of the third lens, F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, T34 is the center distance between the second side surface of the third lens and the first side surface of the fourth lens, R6 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the third lens, R10 is the central radius of curvature of the second side surface of the fifth lens, and F is the focal length of the optical lens.

15. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The second lens is made of plastic, and / or the fifth lens is made of plastic.

16. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 2.6177 ≤ (TCE2 / F2 + TCE5 / F5) × 1℃ ≤ 5.7186 and 6.7357 ≤ |F2 / F5| ≤ 352.9329; and / or, The optical lens satisfies the following relationships: 29.2976≤|F2 / F|≤1791.7692 and 2.9192≤F5 / F≤5.8383; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, F5 is the focal length of the fifth lens, TCE2 is the thermal expansion coefficient of the second lens, and TCE5 is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fifth lens.

17. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies: 1.6212≤F3 / F≤2.9033; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, and F3 is the focal length of the third lens.

18. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies: 29.2976 ≤ |F2 / F| ≤ 1791.7692; Wherein, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, and F is the focal length of the optical lens.

19. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 54.294≤(FOV×F) / H / 1°≤56.916, 5.674≤TTL / F≤7.437, 0.013≤TTL / H / FOV×1°≤0.024, 1.634≤TTL / DMAX≤2.118, 0.629≤(F×θ) / D≤0.879, 0.007≤D / H / FOV×1°≤0.011, 0.299≤D / H / F×1mm≤0.444, 0.007≤|(HF×θ) / (F×θ)|≤0.055, 0.114≤BFL / TTL≤0.299, 0.334≤F / H≤0.471, 1.1≤F / ENPD≤1.4, 0.076≤F / ENPD / D×1mm≤0.132, 0.197≤(H / 2) / (F×tan(θ / 2))≤0.613, -1.641≤F1 / F≤-1.439, 34.472≤|F2 / F|≤1557.97, 1.907≤F3 / F≤2.524 , 4.507≤F4 / F≤11.854, 3.434≤F5 / F≤5.076, 0.888≤F4 / F5≤3.452, 0.668≤T 34 / F≤1.171, 4.95≤R1 / F≤7.646, -2.014≤R6 / F≤-1.662, -0.864≤R10 / F5≤-0 .479, 0.05≤R7 / R8≤1.85, 0.376≤(1 / F4+1 / F5)×F≤0.459, -0.252≤(1 / F1+1 / F2+1 / F3)×F≤-0.146, 0.531≤R6 / R10≤0.836, 2.15≤F3 / T34≤2.996, 4.542 ≤F4 / T34≤15.9, -2.698≤R6 / T34≤-1.492, 4.691≤R1 / R2≤6.603, 0.498≤|R3 / R4|≤8.476, 5.269≤|R5 / R6|≤13.42, 1.422≤|R9 / R10|≤117.598, 0.004≤T4 5 / TTL≤0.089, 0.11≤T34 / TTL≤0.158, 16.509≤|F2 / F3|≤816.924, 0.001≤| F1 / F2|≤0.047, 4.427≤|F2 / F4|≤345.682, 7.924≤|F2 / F5|≤306.905, -0.0 72≤(1 / F1+1 / F2+1 / F3)×F / T34×1mm≤-0.052, 0.091≤(1 / F4+1 / F5)×F / T34× 1mm≤0.181, 3.08≤(TCE2 / F2+TCE5 / F5)×1℃≤4.973 and 0.114≤BFL / TTL≤0.299; Wherein, FOV is the maximum field of view of the optical lens, F is the focal length of the optical lens, H is the image height corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, TTL is the total optical length of the optical lens, DMAX is the maximum aperture of the optical lens, θ is the radian value corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, D is the aperture on the first side of the first lens corresponding to the maximum field of view of the optical lens, BFL is the optical back focal length of the optical lens, and ENPD is the entrance pupil diameter of the optical lens. F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, F3 is the focal length of the third lens, F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, and F5 is the focal length of the fifth lens. T34 is the center distance between the second side surface of the third lens and the first side surface of the fourth lens, and T45 is the center distance between the second side surface of the fourth lens and the first side surface of the fifth lens; R1 is the center radius of curvature of the first side surface of the first lens, R2 is the center radius of curvature of the second side surface of the first lens, R3 is the center radius of curvature of the first side surface of the second lens, R4 is the center radius of curvature of the second side surface of the second lens, R5 is the center radius of curvature of the first side surface of the third lens, R6 is the center radius of curvature of the second side surface of the third lens, R7 is the center radius of curvature of the first side surface of the fourth lens, R8 is the center radius of curvature of the second side surface of the fourth lens, R9 is the center radius of curvature of the first side surface of the fifth lens, and R10 is the center radius of curvature of the second side surface of the fifth lens. TCE2 is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the second lens, and TCE5 is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fifth lens.

20. The optical lens according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The optical lens satisfies at least one of the following relationships: 34.472≤|F2 / F|≤99.2, 16.509≤|F2 / F3|≤48.089, 0.016≤|F1 / F2|≤0.047, 4.427≤|F2 / F4|≤16.561, 7.924≤|F2 / F5|≤22.647; Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical lens, F1 is the focal length of the first lens, F2 is the focal length of the second lens, F3 is the focal length of the third lens, F4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, and F5 is the focal length of the fifth lens.

21. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Optical lens according to any one of claims 1 to 20; as well as At least one of an imaging element and a light source; The imaging element is used to convert the optical image or optical information formed by the optical lens into an electrical signal; The light source is located on the second side of the optical lens. The light emitted by the light source is projected onto the first side of the optical lens after passing through the optical lens, and forms an image or illuminated area on the first side of the optical lens.

Images