Communication method, device and system, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication method, device and system, a storage medium and a program product, and relates to the technical field of communications, the method comprising: receiving a first signal sent by a network device; and determining path loss according to the first signal, the path loss being used by the terminal to perform power control on a signal to be sent to the network device. The method and the device are used for enabling a terminal to obtain downlink power loss and facilitating the terminal to perform power control on a signal to be sent to network equipment according to the power loss, thereby solving the problem of near-far effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, device, system, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] A key technological advantage of Ambient IoT (A-IoT) communication is its battery-free operation. Terminals can utilize key technologies such as radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing to achieve battery-free operation and support extremely low hardware complexity. Therefore, A-IoT communication meets the demands for ultra-low power consumption, extremely small size, and extremely low cost. It is foreseeable that A-IoT technology will have significant application advantages in a wide range of fields. For example, A-IoT technology can be applied to industrial sensor networks, intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, smart cities, and the energy sector for vertical industries, as well as to smart wearables, smart homes, and healthcare for individual consumers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a communication method, device, system, storage medium, and program product that enables a terminal to obtain downlink power loss, which helps the terminal to control the power of the signal to be transmitted based on the power loss, thereby solving the near-far effect problem.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, executed by a terminal, the method comprising: receiving a first signal sent by a network device; and determining a path loss based on the first signal, the path loss being used by the terminal to perform power control on a signal to be sent to the network device.

[0005] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal can determine the path loss based on the first signal sent by the network device, which helps the terminal to control the power of the signal to be sent based on the power loss, thereby solving the near-far effect problem.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, performed by a network device, the method comprising: sending a first signal to a terminal; wherein the first signal is used by the terminal to determine path loss, the path loss being used by the terminal to perform power control on a signal to be sent to the network device.

[0007] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the network device sends a first signal to the terminal, which helps the terminal determine the path loss based on the first signal. This allows the terminal to control the power of the signal to be transmitted based on the power loss, thereby solving the near-far effect problem.

[0008] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising:

[0009] The transceiver module is used to receive the first signal sent by the network device;

[0010] The processing module is used to determine the path loss based on the first signal. This path loss is used for power control of the signal sent by the terminal to the network device.

[0011] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising:

[0012] The transceiver module is used to send a first signal to the terminal; wherein the first signal is used by the terminal to determine the path loss, and the path loss is used by the terminal to perform power control on the signal to be sent to the network device.

[0013] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the terminal is configured to perform the communication method of any of the first aspects.

[0014] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device is provided, comprising: one or more processors; wherein the network device is configured to perform the communication method of any of the second aspects.

[0015] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, comprising: a terminal and a network device.

[0016] The terminal is configured to implement the communication method of any of the first aspects.

[0017] The network device is configured to implement the communication method of either of the second aspects.

[0018] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions which, when executed on a communication device, implement a communication method as described in either the first or second aspect.

[0019] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a program product is provided, the program product including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, implement a communication method as described in either the first or second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1aA basic schematic diagram of A-IoT communication provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 1b A schematic diagram of backscatter communication provided in this embodiment of the disclosure;

[0023] Figure 1c A circuit schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 1d This is a schematic diagram of ASK signal modulation provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 1e A schematic diagram of topology 1 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 1f A schematic diagram of topology 2 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 This is an exemplary architecture diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3a This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating a communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 3b This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating a communication method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the terminal structure proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0031] Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the network device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 5a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 5b This is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0034] This disclosure provides a communication method, device, system, storage medium, and program product that enables a terminal to obtain downlink power loss, which helps the terminal to control the power of the signal to be transmitted based on the power loss, thereby solving the near-far effect problem.

[0035] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a terminal, the method comprising: receiving a first signal sent by a network device; and determining a path loss based on the first signal, the path loss being used by the terminal to perform power control on a signal to be sent to the network device.

[0036] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal can determine the path loss based on the first signal sent by the network device, which helps the terminal to control the power of the signal to be sent based on the power loss, thereby solving the near-far effect problem.

[0037] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the first signal includes one or more of the following: a start indicator portion SIP signal, a clock acquisition portion CAP signal, a physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH, a postcode, or a predefined signal.

[0038] In this embodiment of the disclosure, multiple types of first signals are defined, enabling the terminal to flexibly select the appropriate first signal to determine path loss in different scenarios.

[0039] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the predefined signal is used by the terminal to perform one or more of the following operations: synchronization, carrier frequency offset (CFO) calibration, timing tracking, time acquisition, or channel estimation.

[0040] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the predefined signal occupies at least one chip.

[0041] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a predefined number of chips occupied by the signal is defined.

[0042] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the ratio of the number of the first chip and the number of the second chip occupied by the predefined signal satisfies ON:OFF = X:Y, where ON represents the first chip, OFF represents the second chip, X represents the number of the first chip, Y represents the number of the second chip, the level value of the first chip is greater than the level value of the second chip, and the sum of X and Y is equal to the total number of the at least one chip.

[0043] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a condition is defined that the ratio of the number of the first chip and the number of the second chip occupied by the predefined signal must satisfy.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by bandwidth; or, the frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by physical resource blocks (PRBs).

[0045] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the predefined frequency domain resources occupied by the signal can also be characterized by bandwidth or PRB. Different representation methods can be flexibly selected in different scenarios.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the predefined signal is generated based on a random sequence.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, determining the path loss based on the first signal includes: measuring the first signal to obtain a measurement result; and determining the path loss based on a measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result.

[0048] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the path loss is determined based on the measurement results and in combination with the measurement reference results, which helps the terminal to obtain accurate path loss.

[0049] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, determining the path loss based on the measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result includes: determining the path loss based on the measurement reference result, the measurement result, and the measurement result offset.

[0050] In this embodiment of the disclosure, path loss is determined based on the measurement results, combined with the measurement reference results and the measurement result offset, which helps to improve the accuracy of the terminal in determining path loss.

[0051] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the measurement reference result and / or the measurement result offset is carried by one or more of the following messages: paging message, system message, random access response (RAR) message, or radio resource control (RRC) message.

[0052] In some embodiments, a variety of messages are defined that can be used to carry measurement reference results and / or measurement result offsets. In different application scenarios, the terminal can obtain configuration measurement reference results and / or measurement result offsets from different messages, which helps to improve the flexibility of the terminal in obtaining measurement reference results and / or measurement result offsets.

[0053] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the measurement result is the linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resources and the frequency-domain measurement resources.

[0054] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a method for calculating the measurement results is defined, which helps the terminal to obtain the measurement results by following the method.

[0055] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the time-domain measurement resource is any one of the following:

[0056] The first signal occupies the total duration of all chips, wherein all chips include at least one first chip and / or at least one second chip, the level value of the first chip being greater than the level value of the second chip; or,

[0057] The total duration of all first chips in all chips.

[0058] In this embodiment of the disclosure, different types of time-domain measurement resources are defined, which helps the terminal to flexibly select appropriate time-domain measurement resources to obtain measurement results in different application scenarios.

[0059] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the frequency domain measurement resource is any one of the following:

[0060] The bandwidth occupied by the first signal; or,

[0061] The first signal occupies the physical resource block (PRB).

[0062] In this embodiment of the disclosure, different types of frequency domain measurement resources are defined, which helps the terminal to flexibly select appropriate frequency domain measurement resources to obtain measurement results in different application scenarios.

[0063] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving indication information sent by a network device; wherein the indication information is used to indicate the time-domain measurement resource and / or the frequency-domain measurement resource.

[0064] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the indication information is used to indicate time-domain measurement resources and / or frequency-domain measurement resources. By receiving the indication information, the terminal can measure the first signal according to the network requirements.

[0065] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a network device, the method comprising: sending a first signal to a terminal; wherein the first signal is used by the terminal to determine path loss, the path loss being used by the terminal to perform power control on a signal to be sent to the network device.

[0066] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the network device sends a first signal to the terminal, which helps the terminal determine the path loss based on the first signal. This allows the terminal to control the power of the signal to be transmitted based on the power loss, thereby solving the near-far effect problem.

[0067] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the first signal includes one or more of the following: a SIP signal, a CAP signal, a PRDCH, a postcode, or a predefined signal.

[0068] In this embodiment of the disclosure, multiple types of first signals are defined, enabling the terminal to flexibly select the appropriate first signal to determine path loss in different scenarios.

[0069] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the predefined signal is used by the terminal to perform one or more of the following operations: synchronization, carrier frequency offset (CFO) calibration, timing tracking, time acquisition, or channel estimation.

[0070] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the predefined signal occupies at least one chip.

[0071] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a predefined number of chips occupied by the signal is defined.

[0072] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the ratio of the number of the first chip and the number of the second chip occupied by the predefined signal satisfies ON:OFF = X:Y, where ON represents the first chip, OFF represents the second chip, X represents the number of the first chip, Y represents the number of the second chip, the level value of the first chip is greater than the level value of the second chip, and the sum of X and Y is equal to the total number of at least one chip.

[0073] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a condition is defined that the ratio of the number of the first chip and the number of the second chip occupied by the predefined signal must satisfy.

[0074] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by bandwidth; or, the frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by PRB.

[0075] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the predefined frequency domain resources occupied by the signal can also be characterized by bandwidth or PRB. Different representation methods can be flexibly selected in different scenarios.

[0076] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the predefined signal is generated based on a random sequence.

[0077] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the method further includes at least one of the following:

[0078] Send the measurement reference result of the first signal to the terminal, or send the measurement result offset to the terminal;

[0079] The measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result of the first signal are used by the terminal to determine the path loss; or, the measurement reference result of the first signal, the offset of the measurement result, and the measurement result of the first signal are used by the terminal to determine the path loss.

[0080] The measurement result of the first signal is obtained by the terminal through measurement of the first signal.

[0081] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the measurement reference result and / or the measurement result offset is carried by one or more of the following messages: paging message, system message, random access response (RAR) message, or radio resource control (RRC) message.

[0082] In some embodiments, a variety of messages are defined that can be used to carry measurement reference results and / or measurement result offsets. In different application scenarios, network devices can use different messages to configure measurement reference results and / or measurement result offsets for terminals, which helps to improve the flexibility of network devices in configuring measurement reference results and / or measurement result offsets.

[0083] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the measurement result is a linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resources and the frequency-domain measurement resources.

[0084] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a method for calculating the measurement results is defined, which helps the terminal to obtain the measurement results by following the method.

[0085] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the time-domain measurement resource is any one of the following:

[0086] The first signal occupies the total duration of all chips, wherein all chips include at least one first chip and / or at least one second chip, the level value of the first chip being greater than the level value of the second chip; or,

[0087] The total duration of all first chips in all chips.

[0088] In this embodiment of the disclosure, different types of time-domain measurement resources are defined, which helps the terminal to flexibly select appropriate time-domain measurement resources to obtain measurement results in different application scenarios.

[0089] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the frequency domain measurement resource is any one of the following:

[0090] The bandwidth occupied by the first signal; or,

[0091] The first signal occupies the physical resource block (PRB).

[0092] In this embodiment of the disclosure, different types of frequency domain measurement resources are defined, which helps the terminal to flexibly select appropriate frequency domain measurement resources to obtain measurement results in different application scenarios.

[0093] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, the method further includes: sending indication information to a terminal; wherein the indication information is used to indicate the time-domain measurement resource and / or the frequency-domain measurement resource.

[0094] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the indication information is used to indicate time-domain measurement resources and / or frequency-domain measurement resources. Sending the indication information to the terminal helps the terminal to measure the first signal according to the network requirements.

[0095] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, including:

[0096] The transceiver module is used to receive the first signal sent by the network device;

[0097] The processing module is used to determine the path loss based on the first signal. This path loss is used for power control of the signal sent by the terminal to the network device.

[0098] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, including:

[0099] The transceiver module is used to send a first signal to the terminal; wherein the first signal is used by the terminal to determine the path loss, and the path loss is used by the terminal to perform power control on the signal to be sent to the network device.

[0100] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a terminal, including: one or more processors; wherein the terminal is used to execute the communication method of any one of the first aspects.

[0101] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a network device, including: one or more processors; wherein the network device is configured to perform the communication method of any of the second aspects.

[0102] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system, including: a terminal and / or a network device; wherein the terminal is configured to implement the communication method of any of the first aspects; and the network device is configured to implement the communication method of any of the second aspects.

[0103] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, implement a communication method as described in either the first or second aspect.

[0104] Ninthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product, the program product including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, implement a communication method as described in either the first or second aspect.

[0105] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform a communication method as described in either the first or second aspect.

[0106] Eleventhly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the communication method described in either the first or second aspect above.

[0107] It is understood that the aforementioned communication equipment, communication system, storage medium, program product, etc., are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0108] This disclosure provides a communication method, device, system, storage medium, and program product. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method" and "information processing method" may be used interchangeably.

[0109] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0110] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0111] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the aforementioned," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular or a plural expression.

[0112] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0113] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of A or B, at least one of A and B”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0114] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether there is a branch B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether there is a branch A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0115] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether a branch B exists); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether a branch A exists); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0116] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. For descriptions of the descriptive objects, please refer to the claims or the context of the embodiments. The use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "chip," then the ordinal number preceding "chip" in "first chip" and "second chip" does not restrict the position or order of the "chips." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "chips" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first chip" and "second chip."

[0117] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0118] In some embodiments, terms such as "time / frequency" and "time-frequency domain" refer to the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0119] In some embodiments, terms such as “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “when…”, “if…”, etc. can be used interchangeably. These descriptions all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances. They do not necessarily limit the time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they mean that there must be other limitations.

[0120] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0121] In some embodiments, devices, etc., may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as “device,” “equipment,” “circuit,” “network element,” “network function,” “network device,” “function,” “node,” “unit,” “section,” “system,” “network,” “chip,” “chip system,” “entity,” and “subject” are interchangeable.

[0122] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in the network (e.g., access network devices, intermediate nodes, core network devices, etc.).

[0123] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier or carrier-wave (CW)," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0124] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriberstation, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, device, and tag can be used interchangeably.

[0125] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0126] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0127] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0128] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0129] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0130] The embodiments of this disclosure are described below.

[0131] 1. Principles of A-IoT Communication Technology

[0132] The environmental energy IoT terminal mainly combines radio frequency energy harvesting technology, backscatter communication technology, and low-power computing technology to achieve the advantage of not carrying a power supply battery. Figure 1a This is a basic schematic diagram of A-IoT communication provided for embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 1a As shown, the terminal obtains the energy to drive its operation through energy harvesting and uses low-power computing and backscattering technology to demodulate and modulate signals. The core of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is the conversion of RF energy into DC. This energy can be stored in energy storage units (such as capacitors) or directly used to drive logic circuits, digital chips, or sensors, enabling functions such as modulation and transmission of backscattered signals, as well as the acquisition and processing of sensor information.

[0133] 2. Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

[0134] The basic principle of energy harvesting is to harvest electromagnetic wave energy in space through electromagnetic induction.

[0135] The essence of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is to convert RF energy into direct current (DC) voltage (RF-DC). In A-IoT communication, the core requirement for energy harvesting is to effectively use the harvested energy to drive load circuits (low-power computing, sensors, etc.) to achieve battery-free communication.

[0136] With the development of technology, the process and efficiency of radio frequency energy harvesting have improved, but it still faces several challenges.

[0137] First, due to electromagnetic wave multipath propagation effects, uneven energy distribution in space and time, and various interferences, the radio frequency energy density that can be collected in a wireless environment is extremely low (less than 10 milliwatts per square centimeter (mW / cm²)). 2 To effectively collect radio frequency energy, a certain input power is required.

[0138] Secondly, to drive logic circuits or chips and other computing units, the DC voltage converted from the harvested energy generally needs to meet the minimum output voltage requirements and be converted into a stable DC voltage. Improving energy harvesting efficiency, especially under low input voltage conditions, so that the harvested energy can still drive the circuit, is a key issue that needs to be addressed.

[0139] Next, how to rationally manage the harvested or stored energy to power the terminal is a key challenge. RF-DC efficiency at low power is a challenge in A-IoT terminal design. Current experimental research shows that it is difficult to effectively harvest and rectify RF signals with input power below -30 dBm into usable DC voltage. The RF energy conversion efficiency varies depending on the input power and energy harvesting circuit design; for example, the energy conversion efficiency at a low input power of -20 dBm is often less than 10%, while it approaches 50% at around -1 dBm. Given current technology, driving low-power computing circuits requires approximately 10 microwatts (µW). Therefore, improving energy harvesting efficiency at low input power is one of the most important tasks in the development of A-IoT communication systems.

[0140] A radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system mainly consists of a receiving antenna, an RF rectifier, and an energy storage module. The receiving antenna collects electromagnetic wave energy from the environment and then inputs it as an RF AC signal to the rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit converts the RF AC energy into DC energy, which is then stored using a battery or capacitor to provide DC power to subsequent circuits and application loads. The receiving antenna and rectifier circuit are the core components of the system, directly determining the power and energy conversion efficiency obtainable from RF energy harvesting.

[0141] Antennas are responsible for collecting radio frequency (RF) energy in free space. To obtain more power, it is usually necessary to collect energy over the widest possible frequency band. In typical environments, the direction of arrival and polarization of RF energy signals are uncertain; therefore, designing omnidirectional or circularly polarized antennas can reduce sensitivity to antenna placement angles. However, in other applications, such as near base stations or repeaters, where the direction and polarization of the RF energy source are known, using directional antennas or linearly polarized receiving methods can achieve higher reception efficiency and power.

[0142] The key technologies of radio frequency energy harvesting antennas include the following aspects.

[0143] Firstly, there's the issue of miniaturized antenna technology. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technologies, used in sensors and wearable electronics, are highly sensitive to the size of the rectifier antenna. Therefore, miniaturized antennas are needed to meet the overall size requirements of the terminal devices. Antenna size depends on the electromagnetic wavelength. For existing RF energy bands in the environment (e.g., 0.7–2.5 GHz), the wavelength is relatively well-defined. Bending technology, loading technology, and fractal technology are effective ways to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0144] Secondly, there is impedance matching technology. To ensure that the RF power collected by the antenna is transmitted to the rectifier circuit, a good impedance matching network needs to be designed, while minimizing the impact on the antenna's size, radiation characteristics, etc.

[0145] Furthermore, there's the multi-frequency and wideband technology. More frequency bands of radio frequency signals contain more energy, requiring the antenna to operate over a wider frequency band to collect more radio frequency energy. However, the operating frequency band needs to match the rectifier circuit, rather than being as wide as possible, to prevent high-order harmonics from the rectifier circuit from being reflected by the antenna, causing power loss.

[0146] Research on energy harvesting circuits has undergone many years of development and exploration, with efficiency improvement remaining a primary concern in circuit design. The conversion from radio frequency (RF) energy to DC power is significantly affected by different circuit designs and processes. Proper use of rectifiers allows for better conversion of RF energy into a stable DC voltage (RF-DC), while further DC-DC conversion (DC-DC) is needed when the output voltage is low to generate a voltage level suitable for driving digital logic circuits. Voltage regulators and voltage monitors are also commonly used to assist in voltage boosting and stabilization, often employing cascaded diode-capacitor methods to raise the voltage to a usable level. Diode-based rectifier circuits are the most fundamental energy harvesting method. Devices using discrete devices and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes have significantly different requirements for RF input power. Due to the custom electronics technology of CMOS, compared to microcontrollers or other external digital devices, they are often more efficient and operate at lower voltages, allowing for input signal energy levels as low as -20dBm or even better.

[0147] 3. Backscattering technology

[0148] In A-IoT communication systems based on backscattering technology, the backscattering transmitter modulates and reflects the received RF signal to transmit data, rather than generating its own RF signal. Backscattering technology has been widely used in practical production, for example in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, tracking devices, remote switches, medical telemetry, and low-cost sensor networks.

[0149] Backscatter technology is a wireless technology that enables signal transmission and encoding without an active transmitter. Similar to radar, when electromagnetic waves reach the surface of an object, a portion is reflected. The strength of the reflected signal depends on the object's shape, material, and distance. From a radar perspective, each object has its radar cross-section (RCS). Tags modulate the reflected signal by changing their RCS. The backscatter transmitter modulates the received RF signal to transmit data without needing to generate its own RF signal.

[0150] Backscatter technology has several limitations that restrict its widespread application in data-intensive wireless communication systems. First, traditional backscatter communication requires placing the backscatter transmitter near its radio frequency (RF) source, limiting the device's usability and coverage area. Second, in traditional backscatter communication, the backscatter receiver and RF source are located in the same device, i.e., the reader, which leads to self-interference between the receiving and transmitting antennas, thus degrading communication performance. Furthermore, traditional backscatter communication systems are passively operated; the backscatter transmitter only transmits data when interrogated by the backscatter receiver.

[0151] Currently, ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) has emerged as a promising technology for enabling low-power communication. It effectively addresses the limitations of traditional backscatter communication systems, leading to its wider adoption in practical applications. An ambient backscatter communication system typically comprises three parts: an ambient radio-frequency (RF) source, a backscatter device (BD), and a reader / writer. In an ambient backscatter communication system, backscatter devices can communicate with each other using wireless signals broadcast from ambient RF sources (such as TV towers, frequency modulation (FM) towers, cellular base stations, and Wi-Fi access points (APs)). Furthermore, by separating the carrier transmitter and backscatter receiver, the number of RF components in the backscatter device is minimized, and the device can operate actively; that is, the backscatter transmitter can send data without receiver activation once sufficient energy has been harvested from the RF source.

[0152] The following combination Figure 1b The principle of backscatter communication is explained. Figure 1b A schematic diagram of backscatter communication provided for an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1b As shown, a backscattering device (e.g., a backscattering tag) receives a carrier signal sent by a backscattering reader, and harvests energy through an RF energy harvesting module to power a low-power processing module. After harvesting energy, the backscattering tag drives the corresponding circuitry to modulate the incoming signal and perform backscattering.

[0153] In backscatter communication systems, load modulation is a commonly used data transmission method for backscatter devices. Load modulation involves adjusting the electrical parameters (such as resistance or capacitance) of the backscatter device's oscillation circuit according to the data flow rhythm, thereby changing the magnitude and phase of the backscatter device's impedance and completing the modulation process.

[0154] There are two main types of load modulation: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor, called the load modulation resistor, is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor switches on and off according to the clock of the data stream. The switching on and off is controlled by a switch, which is controlled by binary data encoding. In capacitive load modulation, a capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, replacing the load modulation resistor controlled by binary data encoding.

[0155] Figure 1c A circuit schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided for embodiments of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 1cAs shown, the system includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first resistor R2, a second resistor R3, a load RL, and a switch S. The second resistor R3 and the load RL are connected in parallel. The switch S controls the connection and disconnection of the second resistor R3, and the switch S is controlled by binary data encoding.

[0156] The following combination Figure 1d The process of achieving amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation by resistance modulation will be used as an example to illustrate this. Figure 1d This is a schematic diagram of ASK signal modulation provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1d As shown, the terminal's load modulator includes load 1 and load 2. The terminal can switch between absorption and reflection states by switching the load reflection coefficient (i.e., by switching between load 1 and load 2).

[0157] In absorption mode, the terminal achieves impedance matching, and the radio frequency signal is completely absorbed by the terminal, preventing it from radiating radio frequency signals into space. The signal received by the receiving side will be a low-level signal, and this state can represent bit '0'. In reflection mode, the terminal switches the circuit impedance, causing impedance mismatch, and part of the RF signal is reflected. The signal received by the receiving side will be a high-level signal, and this state represents bit "1".

[0158] As can be seen, the terminal can achieve ASK modulation of the incident radio frequency signal through simple impedance switching, thereby realizing communication with the receiver. From the receiver's perspective, the backscattered signal can be detected using low-complexity envelope detection and a comparator. The backscattered signal is the device-to-reader (D2R) signal.

[0159] Similarly, the terminal can also change the circuit's tuning frequency by adjusting the circuit's capacitance, causing the frequency of the signal radiated by the terminal to change with the capacitance, thus achieving frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation. Although FSK modulation requires additional residual frequency offset estimation processing compared to ASK modulation, it outperforms ASK modulation in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance. Furthermore, FSK modulation allows for frequency division among multiple devices.

[0160] Therefore, backscatter communication cleverly utilizes impedance modulation to achieve signal modulation and transmission with extremely low complexity. In contrast, backscatter terminals do not require complex RF structures such as power amplifiers (PAs), high-precision crystal oscillators, duplexers, and high-precision filters. Backscatter terminals also do not require complex baseband processing; for example, they only need to perform envelope detection of the signal without complex channel estimation and equalization calculations. Therefore, backscatter technology makes the implementation of simple terminals possible.

[0161] 4. Low-power computing

[0162] The main feature of A-IoT communication technology is that it achieves backscatter communication by modulating incoming signals. At the same time, it can also obtain energy through energy harvesting to drive digital logic circuits or chips (such as microcontroller units (MCUs) or sensor chips) to achieve functions such as signal encoding, encryption or simple calculation.

[0163] As seen in previous chapters, the conversion efficiency of radio frequency energy is often less than 10%, which limits the power consumption required to drive digital logic circuits or chips for computation. Although improvements in process technology and design optimization have increased the number of computations that can be performed per microjoule of energy, it still cannot meet the demands of complex calculations.

[0164] In the design of A-IoT communication systems, low-power computing can be achieved by considering the following aspects.

[0165] Considering the use of low-power receivers, A-IoT terminals can be divided into two categories based on their functional requirements. One category's main function is broadcast transmission similar to a beacon. To reduce structural complexity and power consumption, receiver functionality can be omitted. The other category considers designing a simple, low-power receiver, such as using a comparator to implement simple ASK / decoding functions.

[0166] Consider using low-power chips, which typically include MCUs and sensors. Circuits driving digital processing chips generally have minimum input voltage requirements. This necessitates that the acquired energy meets certain voltage requirements. Often, the acquired energy cannot be fully utilized for backscattering and low-power computing. Currently, mature MCUs for low-power computing generally have power consumption in the microwatt (µW) range. Selecting low-power MCUs and sensor chips, and implementing low-voltage drive circuit design, is both crucial and challenging for achieving low-power computing.

[0167] Consider using simple encoding and modulation. Based on the foregoing, the ASK and FSK modulation commonly used in backscattering can be implemented with simple circuit design. For encoding techniques, non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and Manchester encoding are the two most commonly used encoding methods in backscattering systems. In addition, simple and easy-to-implement encoding methods such as unipolar RZ encoding, differential binary phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, differential encoding, and biphase spatial encoding (FM0 encoding) are also suitable for backscattering communication. Using simple encoding and modulation can also significantly reduce the computational power consumption of A-IoT communication.

[0168] 5. A-IoT Topology

[0169] According to current research in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the deployment scenarios, use cases, and design goals (including device power consumption, device complexity, coverage performance, user data rate, latency, and mobility speed) of A-IoT were studied and discussed in Release-18. A-IoT topologies can include, but are not limited to, Topology 1 and Topology 2. Topology 1 is a topology that includes base stations (BS) and A-IoT devices (i.e., BS). AmbientIoT device). Topology2 is a topology that includes base stations, intermediate nodes, and A-IoT terminals (i.e., BS). intermediate node Ambient IoT device).

[0170] The following combination Figure 1e The topology 1 is explained.

[0171] Figure 1e This is a schematic diagram of topology 1 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 1eAs shown, topology 1 includes a base station and an A-IoT terminal. The A-IoT terminal is directly connected to the base station and communicates bidirectionally. The communication between the A-IoT terminal and the base station includes data and signaling. Topology 1 also includes another possible scenario: base station 1 sends downlink data to the A-IoT terminal, and the A-IoT terminal sends uplink data to base station 2. In this case, for the same service communication, the downlink and uplink correspond to different base stations.

[0172] The following combination Figure 1f The topology 2 will be explained.

[0173] Figure 1f This is a schematic diagram of topology 2 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram below.) Figure 1f As shown, topology 2 includes: a base station, an intermediate node, and an A-IoT terminal. The A-IoT terminal communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node, and the intermediate node communicates bidirectionally with the base station using cellular communication. Communication between the intermediate node and the base station can be achieved through the Uu interface. The intermediate node can be considered a relay between the A-IoT terminal and the base station. The intermediate node must support the ability to communicate with the A-IoT terminal. The intermediate node bidirectionally transmits data and signaling between the base station and the A-IoT terminal to complete the communication.

[0174] The deployment scenarios for A-IoT mainly include the following five types.

[0175] Deployment Scenario 1: The A-IoT terminal is indoors, and the base station is indoors.

[0176] Deployment Scenario 2: A-IoT terminal is indoors, and base station is outdoors.

[0177] Deployment Scenario 3: The A-IoT terminal is indoors, and the reader / writer is the UE.

[0178] Deployment Scenario 4: A-IoT terminal is outdoors, and base station is outdoors.

[0179] Deployment Scenario 5: The A-IoT terminal is outdoors, and the reader / writer is a UE.

[0180] 6. Classification of A-IoT terminals

[0181] Based on their energy storage capacity and ability to generate radio frequency (RF) signals, A-IoT terminals are categorized into three types: Type A (Device A): It has no energy storage capacity and no ability to independently generate or amplify RF signals; it can only transmit via backscatter. Type B (Device B): It has energy storage capacity but no ability to independently generate RF signals; it can only transmit via backscatter. The stored energy is used to amplify reflected signals. Type C (Device C): It has energy storage capacity and the ability to independently generate RF signals, including the ability to actively transmit RF signals.

[0182] Release-19 further clarifies and refines the classification of A-IoT terminals as follows:

[0183] Device 1 has a peak power consumption of about 1 microwatt, has an energy storage module, and has an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10 parts per million. It does not amplify downlink or uplink signals internally, and its uplink transmission uses backscatter communication via an externally provided carrier.

[0184] Device 2a has a peak power consumption of no more than several hundred microwatts, has an energy storage module, and has an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10 parts per million. It can amplify downlink and / or uplink signals internally, and its uplink transmission is carried out through backscatter communication via an externally provided carrier.

[0185] Device 2b has a peak power consumption of no more than a few hundred microwatts, has an energy storage module, and has an initial sampling frequency offset of up to 10 parts per million. It can amplify downlink and / or uplink signals internally, and its uplink transmission is generated by its own internal carrier.

[0186] 7. Physical layer links and wireless channels

[0187] Release-19 specifies the physical layer links and wireless channels when the reader is a base station or intermediate node. The links include the following three types: reader-to-device (R2D), device-to-reader (D2R), and carrier-wave-to-device (CW2D).

[0188] For reader-to-device (R2D) communication, the wireless channel is defined as the physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH).

[0189] For device-to-reader (D2R) communication, the wireless channel is defined as the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH).

[0190] 8. Chip

[0191] A chip is a component of a signal, and one chip corresponds to one binary bit. There are two types of chips, such as ON chips and OFF chips. ON chips have a value of +1, and OFF chips have a value of -1. In this embodiment, the chip with a value of +1 (ON chip) is referred to as the first chip, and the chip with a value of -1 (OFF chip) is referred to as the second chip. It should be understood that the voltage level of the first chip is greater than that of the second chip.

[0192] Currently, for A-IoT terminals that cannot actively transmit (e.g., Device 1 and Device 2a), nodes need to provide carrier-wave (CW) to the A-IoT terminal for backscattering.

[0193] When a carrier is provided by a base station or intermediate node contained within the topology, it can be considered a carrier from inside the topology (CW). When a carrier is provided by a node outside the topology, it can be considered a carrier from outside the topology (CW). Furthermore, considering the spectrum resources used by nodes when transmitting carriers (e.g., downlink (DL) spectrum resources or uplink (UL) spectrum resources), 3GPP primarily considered the following carrier provision scenarios during the research phase.

[0194] Currently, Release-20 A-IoT is designed for outdoor A-IoT scenarios. Outdoor scenarios suffer from large-scale and / or small-scale fading, with severe near-far effects. The near-far effect refers to the situation where, without power control by the terminal, the reader receives D2R signals from nearby terminals at a higher power than from farther terminals. This significantly impairs the reader's reception quality for nearby terminals. Therefore, power control by the terminal is necessary to mitigate the near-far effect.

[0195] In Release-20 A-IoT, the terminals are more capable, possessing certain measurement capabilities, thus enabling power control. In the new radio (NR) architecture, both open-loop and closed-loop power control were designed. Applying either open-loop or closed-loop power control to A-IoT terminals could be considered.

[0196] For closed-loop power control, the terminal needs to continuously listen for downlink power adjustment commands, which consumes a lot of power for the terminal. In addition, the terminal's processing algorithm and process are relatively complex. Therefore, closed-loop power control is not suitable for A-IoT terminals.

[0197] Open-loop power control is simpler and more suitable for A-IoT terminals. However, applying open-loop power control to A-IoT terminals requires them to obtain the downlink path loss and perform power control based on this loss to address the near-far effect. Therefore, how A-IoT terminals can obtain the path loss is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

[0198] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method, device, system, storage medium, and program product. Through these embodiments, a terminal can receive a first signal sent by a network device and determine the path loss based on the first signal. This allows the terminal to perform power control on the signal to be sent to the network device based on the path loss, thereby resolving the near-far effect problem.

[0199] The following first combines Figure 2 The communication system to which the embodiments of this disclosure apply will be described.

[0200] Figure 2 This is an exemplary architecture diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, the communication system 100 includes a terminal 101 and a network device 102. It should be understood that... Figure 2 The number and form of each device shown are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this disclosure. In actual applications, it may include two or more terminals or two or more network devices. Figure 2 The communication system 100 shown is only illustrated by example, which includes a terminal 101 and a network device 102.

[0201] In some embodiments, terminal 101 includes, for example, at least one of the following: a UE, a mobile phone, a wearable device, an IoT device, a car with communication capabilities, a smart car, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, a wireless terminal device in a smart home, an A-IoT terminal, or a device, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, a device (also referred to as a terminal) is, for example, at least one of Device A, Device B, Device C, Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0202] In some embodiments, network device 102 may include at least one of a reader / writer, an access network device, an intermediate node, and a core network device.

[0203] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system.

[0204] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0205] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0206] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0207] In some embodiments, the intermediate node may be at least one of the following: an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a terminal, a repeater, a reader, etc.

[0208] In some embodiments, the core network equipment may be a single device, including a first network element, a second network element, etc., or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each including all or part of the first network element, the second network element, etc. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), and Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0209] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0210] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to Figure 2 The communication system 100 shown, or a part thereof, but not limited to it. Figure 2 The entities shown are illustrative; the communication system 100 may include... Figure 2 All or part of the main body, or may include Figure 2Other entities besides the main body, the number and form of each entity are arbitrary, each entity can be physical or virtual, the connection relationship between the entities is illustrative, the entities can be unconnected or connected, and the connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0211] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), Super 3G, International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced), 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G New Radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future Generation Radio Access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (World Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc.In addition, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0212] The communication methods, devices, systems, storage media, and program products provided in this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0213] See Figure 3a , Figure 3a This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating a communication method provided according to embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 3a As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0214] In step S3101, the network device sends a first signal to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the first signal.

[0215] In some embodiments, the first signal includes one or more of the following: a start indicator part (SIP) signal, a clock acquisition part (CAP) signal, a PRDCH, a postamble, or a predefined signal.

[0216] For example, the first signal includes the SIP signal, the CAP signal, the PRDCH, and the postcode. It is worth noting that when the first signal includes the SIP signal, the CAP signal, the PRDCH, and the postcode, the first signal can also be referred to as a reader-to-device (R2D) signal.

[0217] For example, the first signal is any one of the SIP signal, CAP signal, PRDCH, and postcode.

[0218] For example, the first signal is a predefined signal.

[0219] In some embodiments, the SIP signal is used to indicate to the terminal the start position for sending the PRDCH. In some embodiments, the SIP signal may also have other names, which will not be exemplified here.

[0220] The following examples A1 and A2 illustrate the chip pattern of a SIP signal.

[0221] Example A1: The chip pattern of the SIP signal is the first preset pattern.

[0222] The first preset pattern is ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF, where ON represents the first chip in the SIP signal and OFF represents the second chip in the SIP signal. Since the first preset pattern is ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF, it can be understood that the SIP signal occupies 8 chips, or in other words, the SIP signal includes 8 chips.

[0223] Example A2: The chip pattern of the SIP signal is a modified chip pattern of the first preset pattern.

[0224] In some embodiments, the chip pattern of the SIP signal can be a chip pattern obtained by adding or subtracting M1 chips from a first preset pattern, where M1 can be an integer greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the M1 chips can be consecutive chips.

[0225] In some embodiments, the M1 chips may all be first chips, or all be second chips, or include at least one first chip and at least one second chip.

[0226] In some embodiments, M1 chips can be added to any position in the first preset pattern. For example, M1 chips can be added before the first preset pattern. For example, M1 chips can be added after the first preset pattern. For example, M1 chips can be added after the k1th chip in the first preset pattern, where k1 can be equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

[0227] For example, M1 = 2, and all M1 chips can be the first chip. The chip pattern of the SIP signal is the chip pattern after adding 2 chips before the first preset pattern. It should be understood that the chip pattern of the SIP signal is ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF.

[0228] In some embodiments, M1 chips may be deleted from the first preset pattern. For example, the first M1 chips of the first preset pattern may be deleted. For example, the last M1 chips of the first preset pattern may be deleted. For example, the M1 chips following the k1th chip of the first preset pattern may be deleted. For example, the chips with M1 preset indices in the first preset pattern may be deleted. It is worth noting that the first preset pattern includes 8 chips, which are numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 respectively. The M1 preset indices can be any M1 indices from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

[0229] For example, M1 = 1, and all M1 chips can be the second chip. The chip pattern of the SIP signal is the last M1 chips after deleting the first preset pattern. Then the chip pattern of the SIP signal is ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF.

[0230] For example, M1 = 3, and M1 preset indices include 0, 1, and 2. The chip pattern of the SIP signal is the chip pattern after deleting the chips of M1 preset indices in the first preset pattern. Then the chip pattern of the SIP signal is OFF-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF.

[0231] In some embodiments, the CAP signal is used to indicate to the terminal the clock parameters for sending the PRDCH. In some embodiments, the CAP signal may also have other names, which will not be exemplified here.

[0232] The following examples, B1 and B2, illustrate the chip pattern of the CAP signal.

[0233] Example B1: The chip pattern of the CAP signal is the second preset pattern.

[0234] The second preset pattern is ON-OFF-ON-OFF, where ON represents the first chip in the CAP signal and OFF represents the second chip in the CAP signal. Since the second preset pattern is ON-OFF-ON-OFF, it can be understood that the CAP signal occupies 8 chips, or in other words, the CAP signal includes 8 chips.

[0235] Example B2: The chip pattern of the CAP signal is a modified version of the second preset pattern.

[0236] In some embodiments, the chip pattern of the CAP signal can be composed of M2 identical second preset patterns connected sequentially. M2 can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0237] For example, if M2 = 2, the chip pattern of the CAP signal is composed of M2 identical second preset patterns connected in sequence. Then the chip pattern of the CAP signal is ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF.

[0238] In some embodiments, the chip pattern of the CAP signal is the chip pattern obtained by adding or removing M2 chips from a second preset pattern. In some embodiments, the M2 chips can be consecutive chips or non-consecutive chips. In some embodiments, the M2 chips can all be first chips, or all be second chips, or include at least one first chip and at least one second chip.

[0239] In some embodiments, the M2 chips can be added at any position in the second preset pattern. For example, M2 chips can be added before the second preset pattern. For example, M2 chips can be added after the second preset pattern. For example, M2 chips can be added after the k2-th chip in the second preset pattern. k2 can be equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0240] For example, M2 = 4, and all M2 chips can be the first chip. The chip pattern of the CAP signal is obtained by adding M2 chips before the second preset pattern. Then the chip pattern of the CAP signal is ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON-OFF.

[0241] For example, M2 = 4, and M2 chips include 3 first chips and 1 second chip. The chip pattern of the CAP signal is the addition of M2 chips before the second preset pattern. It should be understood that the chip pattern of the CAP signal is ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF.

[0242] In some embodiments, M² chips can be deleted from the second preset pattern. For example, the first M² chips of the second preset pattern can be deleted. Alternatively, the last M² chips of the second preset pattern can be deleted. For example, the M² chips following the k²-th chip of the second preset pattern can be deleted. For example, chips with M² preset indices in the second preset pattern can be deleted. It is worth noting that the second preset pattern includes four chips, numbered 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The M² preset indices can be any M² indices from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

[0243] For example, if M2 = 1, the chip pattern of the CAP signal is the chip pattern after deleting the first M2 chips of the second preset pattern. Then, the chip pattern of the CAP signal is OFF-ON-OFF.

[0244] For example, M2=1, M2 preset indices include 3, the chip pattern of the CAP signal is the chip pattern after deleting the chips of M2 preset indices in the second preset pattern, then the chip pattern of the CAP signal is ON-OFF-ON.

[0245] In some embodiments, the PRDCH is used to carry data sent from a network device to a terminal.

[0246] In some embodiments, the postcode is used to indicate the end of the PRDCH transmission to the terminal.

[0247] The following examples, C1 and C2, illustrate the chip pattern of the postcode.

[0248] In example C1, the chip pattern of the postcode can be a third preset pattern.

[0249] The third preset pattern can be ON-ON-ON-ON, where ON represents the first chip in the postcode. Since the third preset pattern is ON-ON-ON-ON, it can be understood that the postcode occupies 4 chips, or in other words, the postcode includes 4 chips.

[0250] In example C2, the chip pattern of the postcode can be a modified version of the third preset pattern.

[0251] In some embodiments, the chip pattern of the postcode can be OFF-OFF-OFF-OFF.

[0252] In some embodiments, the chip pattern of the postcode can be a chip pattern obtained by adding or removing M3 chips from a third preset pattern, wherein M3 can be an integer greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the M3 chips can be consecutive chips or non-consecutive chips. In some embodiments, the M3 chips can all be first chips, or all be second chips, or include at least one first chip and at least one second chip.

[0253] In some embodiments, the M3 chips can be added at any position in the third preset pattern. For example, M3 chips can be added before the third preset pattern. For example, M3 chips can be added after the third preset pattern. For example, M3 chips can be added after the k3th chip in the third preset pattern, where k3 can be equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0254] For example, M3=1, and all M3 chips can be the first chip. The chip pattern of the postcode is the chip pattern after adding one chip before the third preset pattern. It should be understood that the chip pattern of the SIP signal is ON-ON-ON-ON-ON.

[0255] In some embodiments, M3 chips can be deleted from the third preset pattern. For example, the first M3 chips of the third preset pattern can be deleted. For example, the last M3 chips of the third preset pattern can be deleted. For example, the M3 chips located after the k3th chip of the third preset pattern can be deleted. For example, the chips with M3 preset indices in the third preset pattern can be deleted. It is worth noting that the third preset pattern includes 4 chips, which are 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The M3 preset indices can be any M3 indices from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

[0256] For example, if M3 = 1, the chip pattern of the postcode is the chip pattern after deleting the first M3 chips of the third preset pattern, then the chip pattern of the postcode is ON-ON-ON.

[0257] For example, M3 = 1, M3 preset indices include 0 and 1, and the chip pattern of the postcode is the chip pattern after deleting the chips of M3 preset indices in the third preset pattern. Then the chip pattern of the postcode is ON-ON.

[0258] In some embodiments, predefined signals are used by the terminal to perform one or more of the following operations: synchronization, carrier frequency offset (CFO) calibration, timing tracking, time acquisition, and channel estimation.

[0259] In some embodiments, the predefined signal can be a predefined downlink signal, or the predefined signal can be a predefined downlink reference signal.

[0260] In some embodiments, a predefined signal occupies L chips. In other words, a predefined signal comprises L chips, where L can be an integer greater than or equal to 1. For example, a predefined signal may occupy / comprise 1 chip, 2 chips, 3 chips, or 4 chips, etc.

[0261] In some embodiments, the ratio of the number of first chips and the number of second chips occupied by a predefined signal satisfies ON:OFF = X:Y. In some embodiments, X represents the number of first chips, Y represents the number of second chips, and the sum of X and Y equals L, i.e., X + Y = L. In some embodiments, X represents the proportion of the first chip in L chips, Y represents the proportion of the second chip in L chips, and L is an integer multiple of (X + Y).

[0262] In some embodiments, the chip pattern of the predefined signal can be X (or ) the first chip and Y (or ( ) arbitrary arrangement of the second chips.

[0263] For example, L=5, the arrangement of the first X chips and the second Y chips is such that consecutive first X chips and consecutive second Y chips are connected in sequence. For instance, X:Y=2:3, the predefined chip pattern of the signal can be any of the following: ON-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF, or OFF-OFF-OFF-ON-ON.

[0264] For example, if L = 5, the arrangement of the X first chips and the Y second chips is as follows: the first and second chips are alternately connected, and the remaining first or second chips are sequentially ordered before or after the alternately connected first and second chips. For instance, if X:Y = 2:3, the predefined chip pattern of the signal can be any of the following: ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF, OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF, or OFF-OFF-ON-OFF-ON.

[0265] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resources occupied by a predefined signal are characterized by bandwidth, or the frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by a physical resource block (PRB).

[0266] In some embodiments, the bandwidth is, for example, 180 kHz, 360 kHz, 540 kHz, etc. In some embodiments, the bandwidth is, for example, an integer multiple of a preset bandwidth. In some embodiments, the preset bandwidth is, for example, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 10 kHz, 180 kHz, etc.

[0267] In some embodiments, the predefined signal may be generated based on a random sequence. In some embodiments, the random sequence may be, for example, the longest linear feedback shift register sequence (M sequence), the Gold sequence, or the Zadovchugenmute sequence (ZC sequence).

[0268] In step S3102, the terminal determines the path loss based on the first signal. The path loss is used by the terminal to control the power of the signal sent to the network device.

[0269] In some embodiments, determining path loss based on a first signal includes: measuring the first signal to obtain a measurement result; and determining the path loss based on a measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result.

[0270] In some embodiments, the measurement result is the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resources and the frequency-domain measurement resources.

[0271] In some embodiments, the measurement result is the linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resource and the frequency-domain measurement resource.

[0272] In some embodiments, the time-domain measurement resource is any one of the following: the total duration of all chips occupied by the first signal, the total duration of all first chips in all chips, a first preset duration, or a second preset duration.

[0273] In some embodiments, the total number of chips occupied by the first signal includes at least one first chip and / or at least one second chip.

[0274] In some embodiments, the first preset duration is greater than the total duration of all chips occupied by the first signal.

[0275] In some embodiments, the second preset duration is greater than the total duration of all first chips in all chips occupied by the first signal.

[0276] In some embodiments, the frequency domain measurement resource is any one of the following: the bandwidth occupied by the first signal, the PRB occupied by the first signal, the first preset bandwidth, or the first preset PRB.

[0277] In some embodiments, the first preset bandwidth is greater than the bandwidth occupied by the first signal.

[0278] In some embodiments, the number of PRBs included in the first preset PRB is greater than the number of PRBs occupied by the first signal.

[0279] The following examples, B1 to B4, illustrate the matching relationship between time-domain and frequency-domain measurement resources.

[0280] Example B1: The time-domain measurement resource is the total duration of all chips occupied by the first signal, and the frequency-domain measurement resource is the bandwidth occupied by the first signal or the PRB occupied by the first signal.

[0281] Example B2: The time-domain measurement resource is the total duration of all first chips in all chips, and the frequency-domain measurement resource is the bandwidth occupied by the first signal or the PRB occupied by the first signal.

[0282] Example B3: The time-domain measurement resource is the first preset duration, and the frequency-domain measurement resource is the first preset bandwidth or the first preset PRB.

[0283] Example B4: The time-domain measurement resource is the second preset duration, and the frequency-domain measurement resource is the bandwidth occupied by the first signal or the PRB occupied by the first signal.

[0284] In some embodiments, the measurement result can be defined as the received signal strength indication (RSSI). RSSI is the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resource and the frequency-domain measurement resource, or RSSI is the linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resource and the frequency-domain measurement resource.

[0285] In some embodiments, the measurement result can be defined as the reference signal receiving power (RSRP). RSRP is the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resource and the frequency-domain measurement resource, or RSRP is the linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resource and the frequency-domain measurement resource.

[0286] In some embodiments, when the first signal includes a SIP signal, a CAP signal, a PRDCH and a postcode, or when the first signal is a SIP signal, a CAP signal, a PRDCH or a postcode, or when the first signal is a predefined downlink signal, the measurement result can be RSSI.

[0287] In some embodiments, when the first signal is a predefined downlink reference signal, the measurement result can be RSRP.

[0288] In some embodiments, the network device sends indication information to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the indication information. This indication information is used to indicate time-domain measurement resources and / or frequency-domain measurement resources.

[0289] Time-domain measurement resources and / or frequency-domain measurement resources are used by the terminal to measure the first signal sent by the network device.

[0290] In some embodiments, when time-domain measurement resources are indicated by indication information, frequency-domain measurement resources may be predefined by the protocol.

[0291] In some embodiments, when frequency domain measurement resources are indicated by indication information, time domain measurement resources may be predefined by the protocol.

[0292] In some embodiments, both time-domain measurement resources and frequency-domain measurement resources may be predefined by the protocol, or both may be indicated by the indication information.

[0293] In some embodiments, determining the path loss based on a measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result includes: determining the difference between the measurement reference result and the measurement result as the path loss. For example, PL = P1 - P2, where PL represents the path loss, P1 represents the measurement reference result, and P2 represents the measurement result.

[0294] In some embodiments, determining the path loss based on a measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result includes: determining the path loss based on the measurement reference result, the measurement result, and the measurement result offset. In some embodiments, the difference between the measurement reference result, the measurement result, and the measurement result offset is determined as the path loss. For example, PL = P1 - P2 + P_offset, where PL represents the path loss, P1 represents the measurement reference result, P2 represents the measurement result, and P_offset represents the measurement result offset.

[0295] In some embodiments, the measurement reference result and / or measurement result offset are carried / indicated by one or more of the following messages: paging message, system message, Random Access Response (RAR) message, or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message.

[0296] In some embodiments, system messages are, for example, System Information Block (SIB) messages.

[0297] In some embodiments, the RAR message may also be referred to as message 2 (MSG2). MSG2 can be a 16-bit random number.

[0298] In some embodiments, the measurement reference result and the measurement result offset can be carried / indicated by the same message. For example, the measurement reference result and the measurement result offset are carried / indicated by a system message.

[0299] In some embodiments, the measurement reference result and the measurement result offset can be carried / indicated by different messages. For example, the measurement reference result is carried via a paging message, and the measurement result offset is carried via a RAR message.

[0300] In some embodiments, the terminal performs power control on the signal to be transmitted to the network device based on path loss. In some embodiments, the signal to be transmitted to the network device may also be referred to as a D2R signal.

[0301] In some embodiments, the terminal uses an open-loop power control method to control the power of the signal to be transmitted to the network device based on path loss. In this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal uses an open-loop power control method based on path loss, which can reduce the complexity of power control and the power consumption of the terminal in power control.

[0302] In some embodiments, the terminal sends a signal to the network device after power control has been performed. Correspondingly, the network device receives the signal sent by the terminal after power control has been performed. In some embodiments, the signal after power control may also be referred to as the D2R signal after power control has been performed.

[0303] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0304] In the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the steps and their optional implementations may be arbitrarily combined with some or all of the steps in other embodiments, or may be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementations in other embodiments.

[0305] See Figure 3b , Figure 3b This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating a communication method provided according to embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 3b As shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0306] In step S3201, the network device sends indication information to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the indication information. This indication information is used to indicate time-domain measurement resources and frequency-domain measurement resources.

[0307] Time-domain measurement resources and frequency-domain measurement resources are used by the terminal to measure the first information of the network device.

[0308] In step S3202, the network device sends a first signal to the terminal. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the first signal.

[0309] It is worth noting that the execution method of step S3202 is the same as that of step S3101, and will not be repeated here.

[0310] In step S3203, the terminal measures the first signal based on the time-domain measurement resources and the frequency-domain measurement resources to obtain the measurement result.

[0311] For explanations of time-domain measurement resources, frequency-domain measurement resources, and measurement results in some embodiments, please refer to [link to documentation]. Figure 3a Examples are not described here.

[0312] Step S3204a: The network device sends the measurement reference result of the first signal to the terminal.

[0313] In some embodiments, the measurement reference result of the first signal is carried / indicated by one or more of the following messages: paging message, system message, RAR message, or RRC message.

[0314] In step S3205a, the terminal determines the path loss based on the measurement reference result and measurement result of the first signal.

[0315] In some embodiments, the terminal determines the path loss as the difference between the measurement reference result and the measurement result. For example, PL = P1 - P2, where PL represents the path loss, P1 represents the measurement reference result, and P2 represents the measurement result.

[0316] In step S3204b, the network device sends the measurement reference result and measurement result offset of the first signal to the terminal.

[0317] In some embodiments, the measurement offset is carried / indicated by one or more of the following messages: paging message, system message, RAR message, or RRC message.

[0318] In some embodiments, when the network device sends the measurement reference result and measurement result offset of the first signal to the terminal, the measurement reference result and measurement result offset are carried / indicated by the same message, or the measurement reference result and measurement result offset are carried / indicated by different messages.

[0319] For example, the measurement reference result and the measurement result offset are carried / indicated via paging messages.

[0320] For example, the measurement reference result is carried via a system message, and the measurement result offset is carried via an RRC message.

[0321] In step S3205b, the terminal determines the path loss based on the measurement reference result, the measurement result, and the measurement result offset of the first signal.

[0322] In some embodiments, the terminal determines the path loss as the difference between the measurement reference result, the measurement result, and the measurement result offset. For example, PL = P1 - P2 + P_offset, where PL represents the path loss, P1 represents the measurement reference result, P2 represents the measurement result, and P_offset represents the measurement result offset.

[0323] In step S3206, the terminal performs power control on the signal to be transmitted to the network device based on path loss. In other words, the terminal performs power control on the D2R signal based on path loss.

[0324] In step S3207, the terminal sends a signal to the network device after power control has been performed. Correspondingly, the network device receives the signal sent by the terminal after power control has been performed. In other words, the terminal sends a D2R signal to the network device after power control has been performed. Correspondingly, the network device receives the D2R signal after power control has been performed.

[0325] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S3201 to S3207. For example, step S3201 may be implemented as an independent embodiment, steps S3202 to S3203 may be implemented as independent embodiments, steps S3201 to S3203 may be implemented as independent embodiments, and steps S3201 to S3203, steps S3204a, and steps S3205a may be implemented as independent embodiments. Steps S3201-S3203, S3204a, S3205a, S3206, and S3207 can be implemented as independent embodiments, but are not limited thereto.

[0326] In some embodiments, steps S3201 and S3202 may be performed in an alternate order or simultaneously, steps S3203 and S3204a may be performed in an alternate order or simultaneously, and steps S3203 and S3204b may be performed in an alternate order or simultaneously.

[0327] In some embodiments, steps S3202 to S3207 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0328] In some embodiments, steps S3201, S3204a to S3207 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0329] In some embodiments, steps S3204b, S3205b, S3206 and S3207 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0330] In some embodiments, steps S3204b and S3205b are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0331] In some embodiments, steps S3204a, S3205a, S3206 and S3207 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0332] In some embodiments, steps S3204a and S3205a are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0333] In some embodiments, steps S3206 and S3207 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0334] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0335] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0336] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal measures the downlink R2D signal to obtain the measurement result (RSSI).

[0337] The downlink R2D signal includes the SIP signal, CAP signal, PRDCH, and postamble.

[0338] RSSI is defined as the linear average of the total received power of the signal measured by the terminal over the measurement time and measurement bandwidth. The unit of RSSI is watt (W) or decibel milliwatt (dBm).

[0339] In some embodiments, the measurement time is the total number of chips occupied by the R2D signal. In some embodiments, the measurement time is greater than the total duration of all chips occupied by the R2D signal.

[0340] In some embodiments, the measurement bandwidth can be the transmission bandwidth of the R2D signal. In some embodiments, the measurement bandwidth is greater than the transmission bandwidth of the R2D signal. The unit of transmission bandwidth can be kHz, or other values. When the unit of transmission bandwidth is kHz, the transmission bandwidth is, for example, 180kHz, 360kHz, 540kHz, or an integer multiple of 180. The unit of transmission bandwidth is 1 PRB. When the unit of transmission bandwidth is 1 PRB, the transmission bandwidth is, for example, 1 PRB, 2 PRB, 3 PRB, etc., or in other words, an integer multiple of 1 PRB.

[0341] In some embodiments, the linear average value refers to the total power value measured on the measured chips divided by the number of chips measured.

[0342] In some embodiments, RSSI is defined as: the linear average of the total received power of the received signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the R2D signal and the transmission bandwidth of the R2D signal. The unit of RSSI is W or dBm.

[0343] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal measures the PRDCH, SIP, CAP, or postcode in the downlink R2D signal to obtain the measurement result (RSSI).

[0344] In some embodiments, the SIP signal, CAP signal, or postcode defined in Release-19 is measured.

[0345] In Release-19, the SIP signal is used to indicate to the terminal the start position of PRDCH transmission. The length of the SIP signal is 8 chips, and the pattern of the SIP signal is ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF.

[0346] In Release-19, the CAP signal is used to indicate the transmission clock (time) of PRDCH to the terminal. The length of the CAP signal is 4 chips, and the pattern of the CAP signal is ON-OFF-ON-OFF.

[0347] In Release-19, Postamble is used by the terminal to detect and determine the end position of PRDCH transmission.

[0348] In some embodiments, the SIP signal, CAP signal, or postcode defined in Release-20 is measured.

[0349] The SIP signal, CAP signal, or postcode defined in Release-20 has the following improvements compared to the SIP signal, CAP signal, or postcode defined in Release-19.

[0350] In Release-20, the length and / or pattern of the SIP signal, CAP signal, or postcode were redesigned.

[0351] In some embodiments, in Release-20, the SIP signal is redesigned, for example by adding a 2ON chip in front of its original pattern, so that its pattern becomes ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-OFF-OFF.

[0352] In some embodiments, in Release-20, the CAP signal is redesigned.

[0353] For example, compared to the CAP signal in Release-19, in Release-20, the length of the CAP signal is increased to 8 chips, so that its pattern becomes ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF.

[0354] For example, compared to the CAP signal in Release-19, in Release-20, four ON chips are added before the pattern of the CAP signal, so that the pattern becomes ON-ON-ON-ON-ON-OFF-ON-OFF.

[0355] In some embodiments, the pattern of the postcode in Release-20 can be the same as that in Release-19. That is, the length of the postcode in Release-20 is still 4 chips, and the pattern of the postcode is ON-ON-ON-ON. Of course, the length of the postcode and / or the pattern of the postcode can also be increased in Release-20.

[0356] In some embodiments, the terminal measures the SIP signal in the downlink R2D signal to obtain RSSI. If the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the SIP signal and the measurement bandwidth is equal to the transmission bandwidth of the SIP signal, then RSSI can be defined as the linear average value (in W or dBm) of the total received power of the signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the SIP signal and the transmission bandwidth of the SIP signal.

[0357] In some embodiments, the terminal measures the CAP signal in the downlink R2D signal to obtain RSSI. If the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the CAP signal and the measurement bandwidth is equal to the transmission bandwidth of the CAP signal, then RSSI can be defined as the linear average value (in W or dBm) of the total received power of the signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the CAP signal and the transmission bandwidth of the CAP signal.

[0358] In some embodiments, the terminal measures the backband in the downlink R2D signal to obtain RSSI. If the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the backband and the measurement bandwidth is equal to the transmission bandwidth of the backband, then RSSI can be defined as the linear average value (in W or dBm) of the total received power of the signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the backband and the transmission bandwidth of the backband.

[0359] In some embodiments, the terminal measures the PRDCH in the downlink R2D signal to obtain RSSI. If the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the PRDCH and the measurement bandwidth is equal to the transmission bandwidth of the PRDCH, then RSSI can be defined as the linear average value (in W or dBm) of the total received power of the signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the PRDCH and the transmission bandwidth of the PRDCH.

[0360] In some embodiments, the terminal measures the newly defined downlink signal to obtain a measurement result (RSSI).

[0361] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink signal may be a signal used for at least one of synchronization, CFO calibration, timing tracking, acquisition time, channel estimation, etc.

[0362] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink signal occupies L chips in the time domain, where L is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the value of L is predefined by the protocol.

[0363] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink signal occupies a bandwidth of BW in the frequency domain, or M PRBs. In some embodiments, BW is, for example, 180 kHz, 360 kHz, 540 kHz, etc. Alternatively, BW is, for example, an integer multiple of 180. In some embodiments, the value of BW is predefined by the protocol. In some embodiments, M can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the value of M is predefined by the protocol.

[0364] In the newly defined downlink signal, the ratio of ON chips to OFF chips satisfies: ON-OFF = X:Y. X is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0, and Y is a positive integer greater than or equal to 0. In some embodiments, X, Y, and L satisfy any one of the following: X+Y = L, or...

[0365] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink signal may be generated based on a sequence. In some embodiments, the sequence may be at least one of an M-sequence, a Gold sequence, or a ZC sequence.

[0366] In some embodiments, RSSI is defined as the linear average of the total received power of the received signal measured by the terminal over measurement time and measurement bandwidth (in W or dBm).

[0367] In some embodiments, the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink signal. In some embodiments, the measurement time is greater than the total duration of all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink signal. In some embodiments, the measurement time can be configured by a higher layer.

[0368] The linear average is the total power value measured on the measured chips divided by the number of chips measured. For example, if the number of chips measured is N, then the linear average is the total power value measured on N chips divided by N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0369] In some embodiments, the measured bandwidth is the newly defined transmit bandwidth of the downlink signal. In some embodiments, the measured bandwidth may be greater than the newly defined transmit bandwidth of the downlink signal. The unit of transmit bandwidth may be kHz, or other values. For example, when the unit of transmit bandwidth is kHz, the transmit bandwidth may be 180kHz, 360kHz, 540kHz, etc., and the transmit bandwidth may be an integer multiple of 180. The unit of transmit bandwidth may also be PRB. For example, when the unit of transmit bandwidth is 1 PRB, the transmit bandwidth may be 1 PRB, 2 PRB, etc.

[0370] In some embodiments, the measurement bandwidth is configurable by higher layers.

[0371] In some embodiments, when the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink signal and the measurement bandwidth is the transmission bandwidth of the newly defined downlink signal, RSSI is defined as: the linear average value (in W or dBm) of the total received power of the received signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink signal and the transmission bandwidth of the newly defined downlink signal.

[0372] In some embodiments, the terminal measures the newly defined downlink reference signal to obtain a measurement result (RSRP).

[0373] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink reference signal may be a signal used for at least one of synchronization, CFO calibration, timing tacking, time acquisition, channel estimation, etc.

[0374] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink reference signal occupies L chips in the time domain, where L is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the value of L can be predefined by the protocol. In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink reference signal occupies a bandwidth of BW in the frequency domain, or the newly defined downlink reference signal occupies M PRBs in the frequency domain. M can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. For example, BW is 180kHz, 360kHz, 540kHz, etc. BW is, for example, an integer multiple of 180 kHz. In some embodiments, the values ​​of M and BW can be predefined by the protocol.

[0375] In the newly defined downlink reference signal, the ratio of ON chips to OFF chips satisfies: ON-OFF = X:Y. X can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 0. Y can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 0. X, Y, and L satisfy any of the following: X+Y = L, or...

[0376] In some embodiments, the newly defined downlink reference signal may be generated based on a sequence. This sequence may be at least one of an M-sequence, a Gold sequence, or a ZC sequence.

[0377] In some embodiments, RSRP is defined as the linear average of the total received power of the received signal measured by the terminal over measurement time and measurement bandwidth (in W or dBm).

[0378] In some embodiments, the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink reference signal. In some embodiments, the measurement time is greater than the total duration of all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink reference signal. In some embodiments, the measurement time may be configured by a higher layer.

[0379] The linear average is the total power value measured on the measured chips divided by the number of chips measured. For example, if the number of chips measured is N, then the linear average is the total power value measured on N chips divided by N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0380] In some embodiments, the measured bandwidth is the transmit bandwidth of the newly defined downlink reference signal. In some embodiments, the measured bandwidth may be greater than the transmit bandwidth of the newly defined downlink reference signal. The unit of transmit bandwidth may be kHz, or other values. For example, when the unit of transmit bandwidth is kHz, the transmit bandwidth may be 180kHz, 360kHz, 540kHz, etc., and the transmit bandwidth may also be an integer multiple of 180. The unit of transmit bandwidth may also be PRB. For example, when the unit of transmit bandwidth is 1 PRB, the transmit bandwidth may be 1 PRB, 2 PRB, etc.

[0381] In some embodiments, the measurement bandwidth is configurable by higher layers.

[0382] In some embodiments, when the measurement time is the total duration of all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink reference signal and the measurement bandwidth is the transmission bandwidth of the newly defined downlink reference signal, RSRP is defined as: the linear average value (in W or dBm) of the total received power of the received signal measured by the terminal over all chips occupied by the newly defined downlink reference signal and the transmission bandwidth of the newly defined downlink reference signal.

[0383] In some embodiments, the network device indicates the measurement reference result P1 of the measured signal to the terminal in at least one of the following ways: indicating the measurement reference result P1 in a paging message, indicating the measurement reference result P1 in a system message (e.g., an SIB message), indicating the measurement reference result P1 in an MSG2 message, or indicating the measurement reference result P1 in an RRC message.

[0384] In some embodiments, when the measured quantity is RSSI and the measurement result (the value of RSSI) is P2, the road loss PL = P1 - P2.

[0385] In some embodiments, if the measured quantity is RSRP and the measurement result (the value of RSRP) is P2, then the road loss PL = P1 - P2.

[0386] In some embodiments, if the measurement is RSSI and the measurement result (the value of RSSI) is P2, then the road loss PL = P1 - P2 + P_offset.

[0387] In some embodiments, if the measured quantity is RSRP and the measurement result (the value of RSRP) is P2, then the road loss PL = P1 - P2 + P_offset.

[0388] In some embodiments, the network device indicates P_offset to the terminal in at least one of the following ways: indicating P_offset in a paging message, indicating P_offset in a system message (e.g., a SIB message), indicating P_offset in an MSG2 message, or indicating P_offset in an RRC message.

[0389] It is worth noting that the MSG2 message is a 16-bit random number.

[0390] This disclosure also proposes an apparatus (also referred to as a communication device, etc.) for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the terminal in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by a network device (e.g., an access network device, a core network functional node, a core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0391] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through a configuration file, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0392] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a CPU, microprocessor, graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented by an ASIC or PLD, such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a neural network processing unit (NPU), tensor processing unit (TPU), deep learning processing unit (DPU), etc.

[0393] Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Terminal 4100 is used to execute any of the above methods. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 4a As shown, terminal 4100 may include at least one of the following: transceiver module 4101, processing module 4102, etc.

[0394] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 4101 is used to receive a first signal sent by the network device, and the processing module 4102 is used to determine the path loss based on the first signal. The path loss is used for power control of the signal to be sent by the terminal to the network device.

[0395] Optionally, the transceiver module 4101 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving performed by the terminal 101 in any of the above methods (e.g., step S3207, but not limited thereto), which will not be described in detail here.

[0396] Optionally, the processing module 4102 is used to execute at least one of the other steps executed by the terminal 101 in any of the above methods (e.g., steps S3203, 3205a, 3205b, 3206, but not limited thereto), which will not be described in detail here.

[0397] Figure 4bThis is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Network device 4200 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 4b As shown, network device 4200 may include: transceiver module 4201.

[0398] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 4201 is used to send a first signal to the terminal; wherein the first signal is used by the terminal to determine path loss, and the path loss is used by the terminal to perform power control on the signal to be sent to the network device.

[0399] Optionally, the transceiver module 4201 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving performed by the network device 102 in any of the above methods (e.g., steps S3101, S3201, S3202, S3204a, S3204b, but not limited thereto), which will not be elaborated here.

[0400] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0401] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module.

[0402] In some embodiments, the processing module can be replaced by the processor, and the transceiver module can be replaced by the transceiver.

[0403] Figure 5a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 5100 proposed in this embodiment. The communication device 5100 can be a network device (e.g., access network device, core network device, etc.), a terminal (e.g., user equipment, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 5100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0404] like Figure 5aAs shown, the communication device 5100 is used to execute any of the above methods. In some embodiments, the communication device 5100 includes one or more processors 5101. The processor 5101 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 5100 is used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 5101 are used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 5100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0405] In some embodiments, the communication device 5100 further includes one or more transceivers 5103. When the communication device 5100 includes one or more transceivers 5103, the transceiver 5103 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S3207, S3101, S3201, S3202, S3204a, S3204b, but not limited thereto), and the processor 5101 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S3203, S3205a, S3205b, S3206, but not limited thereto). In optional embodiments, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated together. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0406] In some embodiments, the communication device 5100 further includes one or more memories 5102 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, one or more processors 5101 are used to invoke instructions stored in the memory 5102 to cause the communication device 5100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, all or part of the memory 5102 may also be located outside the communication device 5100. In an optional embodiment, the communication device 5100 may include one or more interface circuits 5104. Optionally, the interface circuit 5104 is connected to the memory 5102 and can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memory 5102 or other devices, and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 5102 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 5104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 5102 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 5101.

[0407] The communication device 5100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 5100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 5100 may vary. Figure 5a The limitations. Communication equipment can be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the communication equipment can be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally including storage components for storing data, programs and / or instructions; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle-mounted device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0408] Figure 5b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of chip 5200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the communication device 5100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to... Figure 5b The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the structure of chip 5200, but it is not limited to this.

[0409] Chip 5200 includes one or more processors 5201. Chip 5200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0410] In some embodiments, chip 5200 further includes one or more interface circuits 5202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 5200 further includes one or more memories 5203 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 5203 may be located outside of chip 5200. Optionally, the interface circuit 5202 is connected to the memories 5203, and the interface circuit 5202 can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memories 5203 or other devices, and the interface circuit 5202 can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memories 5203 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 5202 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memories 5203 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 5201.

[0411] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 5202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method (e.g., steps S3207, S3101, S3201, S3202, S3204a, S3204b, but not limited thereto). The interface circuit 5202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method refers, for example, to the interface circuit 5202 performing data and / or instruction interaction between the processor 5201, the chip 5200, the memory 5203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 5201 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S3203, S3205a, S3205b, S3206, but not limited thereto).

[0412] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0413] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0414] This disclosure also proposes a program product, including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product. Optionally, the program product is stored on the storage medium.

[0415] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

[0416] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0417] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0418] The above are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is executed by a terminal, and the method includes: Receive the first signal sent by the network device; Based on the first signal, the path loss is determined, and the path loss is used by the terminal to perform power control on the signal to be sent to the network device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first signal includes one or more of the following: Start indicator part of SIP signals; The clock acquires a portion of the CAP signal; Physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH); Postcode; or, Predefined signals.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The predefined signal is used by the terminal to perform one or more of the following operations: synchronization, carrier frequency offset (CFO) calibration, timing tracking, time acquisition, or channel estimation.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The predefined signal occupies at least one chip.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ratio of the number of the first chip and the number of the second chip occupied by the predefined signal satisfies ON:OFF = X:Y; Wherein, ON represents the first chip, OFF represents the second chip, X represents the number of the first chips, Y represents the number of the second chips, the voltage level of the first chip is greater than the voltage level of the second chip, and the sum of X and Y equals the total number of the at least one chip.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by bandwidth; or... The frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are represented by physical resource blocks (PRBs).

7. The method according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The predefined signal is generated based on a random sequence.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Determining the path loss based on the first signal includes: The first signal is measured to obtain the measurement result; The path loss is determined based on the measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Determining the path loss based on the measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result includes: The path loss is determined based on the measurement reference result, the measurement result, and the measurement result offset.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The measurement reference result and / or the measurement result offset are carried by one or more of the following messages: Paging messages, system messages, Random Access Response (RAR) messages, or Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, The measurement result is the linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resources and the frequency-domain measurement resources.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The time-domain measurement resource is any one of the following: The total duration of all chips occupied by the first signal, wherein all chips include at least one first chip and / or at least one second chip, the level value of the first chip being greater than the level value of the second chip; or, The total duration of all first chips in all chips.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The frequency domain measurement resource is any one of the following: The bandwidth occupied by the first signal; or, The physical resource block (PRB) occupied by the first signal.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11-13, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the instruction information sent by the network device; The indication information is used to indicate the time-domain measurement resources and / or the frequency-domain measurement resources.

15. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is performed by a network device, and the method includes: Send the first signal to the terminal; The first signal is used by the terminal to determine path loss, and the path loss is used by the terminal to perform power control on the signal to be sent to the network device.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first signal includes one or more of the following: Start indicator part of SIP signals; The clock acquires a portion of the CAP signal; Physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH); Postcode; or, Predefined signals.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The predefined signal is used by the terminal to perform one or more of the following operations: synchronization, carrier frequency offset (CFO) calibration, timing tracking, time acquisition, or channel estimation.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The predefined signal occupies at least one chip.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The ratio of the number of the first chip and the number of the second chip occupied by the predefined signal satisfies ON:OFF = X:Y; Wherein, ON represents the first chip, OFF represents the second chip, X represents the number of the first chips, Y represents the number of the second chips, the voltage level of the first chip is greater than the voltage level of the second chip, and the sum of X and Y equals the total number of the at least one chip.

20. The method according to any one of claims 16-19, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are characterized by bandwidth; or... The frequency domain resources occupied by the predefined signal are represented by physical resource blocks (PRBs).

21. The method according to any one of claims 16-20, characterized in that, The predefined signal is generated based on a random sequence.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15-21, characterized in that, The method further includes at least one of the following: Send the measurement reference result of the first signal to the terminal; or, Send the measurement result offset to the terminal; Wherein, the measurement reference result of the first signal and the measurement result of the first signal are used by the terminal to determine the path loss, or the measurement reference result of the first signal, the measurement result offset, and the measurement result of the first signal are used by the terminal to determine the path loss; The measurement result of the first signal is obtained by the terminal measuring the first signal.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, The measurement reference result and / or the measurement result offset are carried by one or more of the following messages: Paging messages, system messages, Random Access Response (RAR) messages, or Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages.

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that, The measurement result is the linear average of the total power of the first signal on the time-domain measurement resources and the frequency-domain measurement resources.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The time-domain measurement resource is any one of the following: The total duration of all chips occupied by the first signal, wherein all chips include at least one first chip and / or at least one second chip, the level value of the first chip being greater than the level value of the second chip; or, The total duration of all first chips in all chips.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that, The frequency domain measurement resource is any one of the following: The bandwidth occupied by the first signal; or, The physical resource block (PRB) occupied by the first signal.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24-26, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send instruction information to the terminal; The indication information is used to indicate the time-domain measurement resources and / or the frequency-domain measurement resources.

28. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is used to perform the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 or any one of claims 15 to 27.

29. A communication system, characterized in that, include: Terminals and network equipment; The terminal is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 14; The network device is configured to implement the communication method according to any one of claims 15 to 27.

30. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed on the communication device, the communication device performs the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 or any one of claims 15 to 27.

31. A program product comprising a program and / or instructions, characterized in that, When the program and / or instructions are executed by the communication device, they implement the communication method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, or any one of claims 15 to 27.

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