Control device, wireless communication system, and control method

Abstract

A control device is provided with: a control unit that determines control information for controlling a relay in an antenna device on the basis of a first direction from an antenna device that performs relay of a signal transmitted to a wireless communication device toward the wireless communication device; and a transmission unit that transmits the control information to the antenna device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to control devices, wireless communication systems, and control methods. Background Technology

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardizes the 5th generation mobile communication system (also known as 5G, New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)) and is further advancing the standardization of the next generation, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution or 6G.

[0003] In NR, in addition to user terminals (UE (User Equipment) or simply terminals) and wireless base stations (also simply base stations), wireless devices such as RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) are being explored to achieve higher data rates and wider coverage (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2022 / 151016 Summary of the Invention

[0007] However, there is room for further research into the control related to relay operations in the wireless devices that are being investigated.

[0008] One aspect of this disclosure provides a control device, a wireless communication system, and a control method capable of appropriately performing controls related to relay operations in a wireless device under investigation.

[0009] One aspect of the control device disclosed herein includes: a control unit that determines control information for controlling a relay in an antenna device based on a first direction, the first direction being from the antenna device relaying a signal to a wireless communication device toward the wireless communication device; and a transmission unit that transmits the control information to the antenna device. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2A is an example of a user located at a distance in the high-frequency band.

[0012] Figure 2B This is a diagram representing an example of a non-line-of-sight user in the high-frequency band.

[0013] Figure 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of communication utilizing the NCR structure.

[0014] Figure 3B This diagram illustrates an example of communication utilizing RIS.

[0015] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system architecture incorporating RIS.

[0016] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the near field (NF) and far field (FF) of RIS.

[0017] Figure 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of DFT-based beamforming (BF).

[0018] Figure 6B This diagram illustrates an example of beam focusing with optimal phase.

[0019] Figure 6C This is a diagram illustrating an example of beam focusing with a steering vector at near range (NF).

[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB forwarding with RIS applied.

[0021] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the precoder involved in Example 1-1-1.

[0022] Figure 9 is an example of a reference point.

[0023] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the precoder involved in Example 1-1-2.

[0024] Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of a uniform grid in orthogonal coordinates.

[0025] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam scanning method between the TRP and the UE.

[0026] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of control in one embodiment.

[0027] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam scanning method between the RIS-MT and the UE.

[0028] Figure 15 is an example of an incident angle / reflection angle table, which shows the correspondence between incident angles and reflection angles in RIS.

[0029] Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of option 1 for UE coordinate estimation.

[0030] Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of option 2 for UE coordinate estimation.

[0031] Figure 18 is a timing diagram showing the processing flow of option 2 of beam control of RIS in one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 19 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 21 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station, terminal, and wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0037] (One implementation method)

[0038] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiment described below is an example, and the application of the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0039] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiments of this disclosure, existing technologies may be appropriately used. However, such existing technologies are, for example, conventional LTE or conventional NR, but are not limited to conventional LTE or NR.

[0040] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in conventional LTE or NR are used. However, this is only for ease of explanation, and other names may be used to refer to the same signals, functions, etc. In addition, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily labeled as "NR-".

[0041] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the duplex mode can be either TDD (Time Division Duplex) mode, FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) mode, or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0042] Furthermore, in embodiments of this disclosure, the term "configure" for wireless parameters can refer to either a specific value being pre-configured or wireless parameters being set as notified from a base station or terminal.

[0043] Wireless Communication Systems

[0044] Figure 1This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 10 is a wireless communication system that follows 5G NR or 6G NR and includes a Next Generation Radio Access Network 20 (hereinafter referred to as NG-RAN20) and a terminal 200 (hereinafter also referred to as UE (User Equipment) 200).

[0045] Alternatively, the wireless communication system 10 may also be a wireless communication system that follows a protocol known as Beyond 5G, 5G evolution, or 6G.

[0046] NG-RAN20 includes base station 100 (hereinafter also referred to as gNB100). Furthermore, the number of gNBs and UEs is not limited to [specific number missing]. Figure 1 The example shown.

[0047] NG-RAN20 actually comprises multiple NG-RAN nodes, specifically gNB (or ng-eNB), and is connected to a core network that conforms to 5G or 6G standards. Additionally, NG-RAN20 and the core network can be simply referred to as "network". Furthermore, below, gNB can also be replaced with network (NW).

[0048] As an example, gNB100 is a 5G or 6G compliant base station that performs 5G or 6G compliant wireless communication with UE200.

[0049] In addition, Figure 1 In the example shown, a wireless device 300 is shown between gNB100 and UE200, which forwards signals. Hereinafter, the wireless device 300 will sometimes be referred to as RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface).

[0050] For example, the wireless device 300 performs a forwarding operation, forwarding a signal transmitted from gNB100 to UE200. Alternatively, the wireless device 300 can also perform a forwarding operation, forwarding a signal transmitted from UE200 to gNB100. Furthermore, "forwarding" can be replaced with "relaying." Additionally, "operation" can be replaced with "processing," "control," etc. Furthermore, the following explanation will focus on an example of the wireless device 300 being studied in NR, namely, RIS.

[0051] The gNB100 and UE200 can control the radio signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, thereby enabling them to handle MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) which generates more directional beams, carrier aggregation (CA) which bundles multiple component carriers (CC), and dual connectivity (DC) which enables communication between the UE and each of the two NG-RAN nodes.

[0052] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 10 can handle multiple frequency ranges (FRs). The wireless communication system 10 can handle FR1 and FR2. The frequency bands of each FR are as follows.

[0053] FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz

[0054] FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz

[0055] In FR1, sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15kHz, 30kHz, or 60kHz can be used, along with a bandwidth of 5~100MHz (BW). FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and can also use SCS of 60kHz or 120kHz (including 240kHz), along with a bandwidth of 50~400MHz (BW).

[0056] Alternatively, SCS can also be interpreted as a parameter set (numerology). The parameter set is defined in 3GPP TS 38.300 and corresponds to one subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain.

[0057] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 10 can also handle frequency bands higher than FR2. Specifically, the wireless communication system 10 can also handle frequency bands exceeding 52.6 GHz and up to 114.25 GHz. For convenience, such high-frequency bands can also be referred to as "FR2x". When using a band domain exceeding 52.6 GHz, CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) / DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform - Spread - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) with a larger SCS can also be applied.

[0058] The time direction (t) can also be referred to as the time domain, symbol period, or symbol time, etc. Furthermore, the frequency direction can be referred to as the frequency domain, resource block, subcarrier, or bandwidth part (BWP), etc.

[0059] gNB100 sends its control information and configuration information to UE200 as downlink (DL) signals.

[0060] In addition, for example, gNB100 receives control information, data signals, and information related to the processing capabilities of UE200 (terminal capability (information); for example, UE capability) as uplink (UL) signals from UE200.

[0061] The wireless device 300 performs a forwarding operation to forward the DL signal to the UE 200. Additionally, the wireless device 300 performs a forwarding operation to forward the UL signal to the gNB 100. Furthermore, the UL signal received by the gNB 100 from the UE 200 and / or the DL signal received by the UE 200 from the gNB 100 can also be signals forwarded by the wireless device 300.

[0062] Alternatively, the wireless device 300 can also be divided into an antenna panel and a control device for controlling the antenna panel. The antenna panel performs signal reflection, refraction, and other operations to forward DL signals and / or UL signals. The antenna panel can also be described as an antenna element or antenna device. Furthermore, the antenna panel can also be described as a relay device. In this case, the antenna panel can be connected to the control device via either a wired or wireless connection. Furthermore, in this case, the control device can also have communication capabilities, communicating with gNB100 and / or UE200. Furthermore, in this case, the antenna panel can be controlled either by the control device or by gNB100. For example, gNB100 can also control the antenna panel by determining control information for controlling the antenna panel and sending the determined control information to the control device.

[0063] UE200 is a communication device with wireless communication capabilities, such as smartphones, mobile phones, tablets, wearable terminals, and communication modules for M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication.

[0064] UE200 utilizes various communication services provided by wireless communication system 10 by receiving control signals or data signals from gNB100 in DL and transmitting control signals or data signals to gNB100 in UL. Furthermore, UE200 receives various reference signals transmitted from gNB100 and performs propagation path quality measurements based on the reception results of these reference signals.

[0065] The channels used in DL signal transmission include, for example, data channels and control channels. For instance, the data channel may include the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). For example, for UE200, gNB100 uses PDCCH to transmit control information and PDSCH to transmit DL data signals. Furthermore, PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel, and PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. Additionally, PDCCH can be replaced with downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc., transmitted within it.

[0066] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include at least one of the following: DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal), PTRS (Phase Tracking Reference Signal), CSI-RS (Channel State Information - Reference Signal), SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), and PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) for location information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulation of the DL data signal and are transmitted using PDSCH.

[0067] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For instance, a data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and a control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, UE200 uses PUCCH to transmit control information and PUSCH to transmit UL data signals. Furthermore, PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel, and PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Shared channels can also be referred to as data channels. Additionally, PUSCH or PUCCH can be replaced with uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc., transmitted in PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0068] The reference signals included in UL signals may include at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, RS, and PRS for location information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulation of UL data signals and are transmitted using PUSCH.

[0069] <Utilization of Hertz Waves in the Asia-Pacific Region>

[0070] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G and beyond), stringent requirements related to capacity, coverage, power consumption, and other aspects are being introduced. Research is underway to utilize the Asia-Pacific Hertz (e.g., 100GHz to 300GHz) band (spectrum), which is a higher frequency band than previous systems (e.g., NR Rel.15 / 16 / 17), to maintain adequate coverage and achieve data rates of 100Gbps.

[0071] Among them, research is underway to design a line-of-sight (LOS) - MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission mode suitable for access links, with a coverage range of 100GHz, 100Gbps, and 100m.

[0072] Figure 2A This is a diagram representing an example of a distant user in the high-frequency band. Figure 2A In the example shown, for distant users, standard orthonormal transmission is not possible due to the size limitation of the base station (BS) for ultra-large MIMO.

[0073] Figure 2B This diagram illustrates an example of a non-line-of-sight (LOS) user in the high-frequency band. For non-line-of-sight (NLOS) users, more efficient LOS-MIMO transmission is not possible due to blockages (e.g., buildings).

[0074] In previous NR MIMO (NR MIMO), LOS-MIMO was not supported. In previous NR systems, achieving a data rate of 100Gbps required a very large bandwidth, which was difficult to guarantee.

[0075] In NR MIMO, antennas designed to support only rank 1 transmission in each polarization direction over long distances (antenna far-field) are used in channels with low-speed (LOS). Rank 2 multiplexing becomes possible by utilizing dual polarization, but ranks higher than rank cannot be utilized. Achieving 100 Gbps requires tens of GHz of bandwidth, which is difficult to implement in practical systems and is a high-demand application in RF components.

[0076] The LOS-MIMO schemes that have been studied require fixed transmission and reception positions, so they are not suitable for access links, or require excessively large array sizes.

[0077] Therefore, research is underway on the introduction of fixed, large-spacing antenna arrays, OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum)-MIMO, and ultra-large-format MIMO utilizing RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) (RIS-aided Mega MIMO).

[0078] Not limited to the above examples of sub-THz waves, RIS, as a new device for network deployment, has received significant attention due to its flexible and cost-effective approach. RIS enables the realization of very high data rates and enhanced wide-area coverage and is being studied as a promising technology within the topology of 6G wireless networks. For example, in 3GPP Release 19 (Rel.19), research related to RIS is underway.

[0079] <RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface)>

[0080] In at least one of the reflections from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link, RIS relays the communication between the BS and the UE by controlling the reflection angle. Compared with new types of network (NW) nodes such as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), RF Repeater, and Network-controlled Repeater (NCR), RIS is an example of a wireless device for network deployment based on a flexible and cost-effective approach.

[0081] RIS can also be composed of multiple reconfigurable scattering elements (scattering components). Hereinafter, this scattering element may sometimes be referred to as an element or an antenna element.

[0082] With RIS, it is possible to control both the direction of the reflected signal and the direction of the transmitted (refracted) signal.

[0083] In addition, in this disclosure, reflection, transmission, and refraction can also be mutually replaced. Furthermore, in this disclosure, the reflection, transmission, and refraction of signals in RIS can also be understood as: RIS receives a signal transmitted from a specific direction and transmits (or forwards) the signal in the same direction as the specific direction or in a direction different from the specific direction. In this case, the signal transmitted by RIS can be either the same signal as the signal received by RIS or a signal obtained by performing specific processing on the signal received by RIS. Moreover, in this disclosure, the forwarding process in RIS can also be understood as: in RIS, a process in which at least one of reflection, transmission, and refraction occurs.

[0084] Compared with amplifying the signal relayed by NCR, an RF amplifier may not be required in RIS. As a result, power consumption can be reduced.

[0085] RIS can achieve beam gain based on narrowband domain beams, but on the other hand, it requires an increase in the number of RIS beams (beams reflected / refracted by RIS).

[0086] RIS can also reflect / refract signals outside the target frequency.

[0087] Materials such as liquid crystals, metals, and semiconductors can also be used in RIS. For example, in RIS using liquid crystals, the beam sweep speed is slower compared to semiconductors, making it unsuitable for current beam sweep operations.

[0088] Due to its thin and flexible shape, RIS can also be installed on objects such as buildings.

[0089] Figure 3A This diagram illustrates an example of communication utilizing the NCR structure. An NCR can also include an NCR mobile termination (MT) and an NCR forwarding (Fwd). The NCR-MT communicates with the BS (gNB) via a control link.

[0090] Communication between the NCR-MT and the BS may also include receiving setting / instruction / control information from the BS and sending at least one of requests / reports / responses to the BS. The NCR-Fwd relays communication between the BS and the UE by performing relay / amplification from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link.

[0091] Furthermore, similar to the NCR, the RIS can also include a structure for communicating with the BS (gNB). In the RIS, the structure for communicating with the BS (gNB) is sometimes referred to as RIS-MT. In other words, the RIS, like the NCR, can have both RIS-MT and RIS-Fwd. Additionally, sometimes RIS-Fwd is simply referred to as RIS. In the following description, the operation of the RIS can be understood as either the operation of RIS-Fwd or the operation of RIS-MT. RIS-MT is not limited to the example of communicating with the BS; it can also communicate with the UE.

[0092] Figure 3B This diagram illustrates an example of communication utilizing RIS. In at least one of the reflections from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link, the RIS relays communication between the BS and the UE by controlling the reflection angle.

[0093] <System architecture including RIS>

[0094] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system architecture incorporating RIS. The following uses... Figure 4 The following are examples of system architectures that include RIS.

[0095] System architectures that include RIS can also contain multiple (e.g., 2) design phases.

[0096] For example, a system architecture that includes RIS can also include an aperture pre-adaptation phase.

[0097] During the aperture pre-adaptation phase, UE positioning can also be performed first. During UE positioning, the UE can also report information related to its position / attitude to the network (NW). Furthermore, during UE positioning, the NW (base station) can also estimate information related to the UE's position / attitude based on signals transmitted from the UE (e.g., UL RS).

[0098] Alternatively, the UE positioning in the aperture pre-adaptation stage can be omitted.

[0099] Next, in the aperture pre-adaptation stage, the aperture (e.g., antenna element) of the RIS can also be pre-adapted.

[0100] In this disclosure, aperture adaptation can also mean determining / judging / selecting the antenna element / array used.

[0101] Next, in the aperture pre-adaptation stage, the aperture (e.g., antenna element) of the BS can also be pre-adapted.

[0102] In addition, system architectures that include RIS can also include beamforming stages.

[0103] The beamforming stage can also be performed, for example, after the aperture pre-adaptation stage.

[0104] In the beamforming stage, beamforming in the BS can also be performed first.

[0105] Next, beamforming in RIS can also be performed during the beamforming stage.

[0106] Next, during the beamforming phase, UE-based reception can also be performed. The UE can also use a MIMO receiver based on CSI reception (CSIR).

[0107] Alternatively, the UE reception during the beamforming stage can be omitted.

[0108] <Beamforming methods for far-field and near-field>

[0109] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the near field (NF) and far field (FF) of a RIS. Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a RIS array, the near-field propagation of radio waves in a RIS array, and the far-field propagation of radio waves. A RIS array can be understood as an example of the surface in a RIS that transmits signals or emits radio waves. Furthermore, "near field" can be replaced with "near distance," and "far field" can be replaced with "far distance."

[0110] The larger aperture of a RIS indicates a specific property that extends the range of the near field. For example, as... Figure 5 As shown, for a value D representing the size associated with the aperture of the RIS, the near-field boundary (e.g., the boundary between the near and far fields) is proportional to the square of D; therefore, a larger aperture of the RIS expands the range of the near field. Furthermore, the near-field boundary is inversely proportional to the wavelength λ; therefore, the shorter the wavelength, i.e., the higher the frequency, the larger the range of the near field. Within this near-field region, phase delays relative to individual elements of the RIS can be distinguished. As a result, the assumption of a plane wavefront is not valid, and a spherical wavefront must be considered. Figure 5 As shown, in the far-field region, it is assumed that the electromagnetic waves emitted from each element of the RIS are plane waves, but in the near-field region, the wavefront of the electromagnetic waves generated from each element becomes a sphere.

[0111] As a previous method for beamforming in the far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) fields, various methods are being investigated.

[0112] For example, the beamforming method can also be DFT-based beamforming (BF), beamfocusing with optimal phase, and beamfocusing with near-range (NF) guide vectors.

[0113] DFT-based BF can also be primarily used for signal transmission to long-distance terminals. DFT-based BF can also use pre-encoders (matrices) based on angle-dependent linear phase.

[0114] Figure 6A This is a diagram illustrating an example of DFT-based beamforming (BF). Additionally, Figure 6AAn example of a uniform and linear array is shown. In this example, xn is the distance from the center of the array to element n within the array, and is the angle of the beam relative to an axis perpendicular to the array.

[0115] Beam focusing with optimal phase can also be primarily used for signal transmission to near-field terminals. Beam focusing with optimal phase can also utilize a pre-encoder (matrix) based on position (distance)-dependent non-linear phase.

[0116] Figure 6B This diagram illustrates an example of beam focusing with optimal phase. Additionally, Figure 6B An example of a uniform and linear array is shown. In this example, DF is the focal distance, and x' is the distance from the axis perpendicular to the array to the focal point.

[0117] Beamfocusing with a near-range guide vector can also be primarily used for signal transmission to near-range terminals. Beamfocusing with a near-range guide vector can also utilize a pre-encoder (matrix) based on angle- and position (distance)-dependent quadratic phase.

[0118] Figure 6C This diagram illustrates an example of beam focusing with a near-range (NF) guide vector. Additionally, Figure 6C An example of a uniform and linear array is shown. In this example, D is the distance from the center of the array to the focal point, and ω is the angle from the axis perpendicular to the array to the straight line connecting the center of the array and the focal point.

[0119] Due to mismatch with the near-field channel, conventional codebooks used for far-field beamforming, such as DFT codebooks, cannot be directly applied to the near field. It is assumed that applying DFT codebooks to near-field beamforming could result in significant SNR loss. On the other hand, in focused beamforming using coherent beamformers in the near-field form, such as ring-type codebooks (RTCs), there is no limitation preventing their application to the near field.

[0120] For example, RIS can be used in the forwarding of data channels, such as the RTC mentioned above, to generate a UE-specific focused beam, making high-speed transmission possible.

[0121] On the other hand, the study investigates the use of RIS in the forwarding of control channels (e.g., SSB (Synchronization Signal Block)).

[0122] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB forwarding using RIS. In Figure 7 The diagram shows the scenario where RIS forwards SSB#2 to #4 among the SSB#0 to #4 sent by gNB.

[0123] This study investigates the scenario of expanding the beam and performing forwarding in the case of a RIS forwarding control channel (e.g., SSB).

[0124] Here, we will explain the previous methods for RIS-based SSB forwarding and the previous RIS beamforming techniques.

[0125] Previous methods

[0126] The following describes previous methods for SSB forwarding based on RIS. In previous methods, RIS utilized numerous narrow beams to forward SSBs transmitted via gNB. Therefore, previous methods required significant allocation of SSB resources or substantial changes to the SSB scheme.

[0127] Previous representative beamforming techniques have been classified into techniques based on numerical optimization algorithms, techniques based on aperture adjustment, techniques based on logical subarray segmentation, and methods for wide-area illumination.

[0128] For example, in techniques based on numerical optimization algorithms, the complexity of the algorithms makes processing complicated. Therefore, beamforming is difficult to achieve in real-world scenarios.

[0129] Furthermore, for example, in wide-area illumination methods, it is difficult to accurately control the shaping of the RIS's wide beam pattern according to the actual coverage requirements.

[0130] Furthermore, for example, in aperture-based adjustment techniques, the gain of beamforming of the array is reduced in order to adjust the aperture.

[0131] Furthermore, for example, in techniques based on logical subarray segmentation, the beamforming gain fluctuates significantly across the entire region.

[0132] Here, examples of related techniques for RIS, including aperture adjustment and logical subarray segmentation, are illustrated.

[0133] <Example 1 of Linking Technologies>

[0134] The first example relates to codebook / precoder design.

[0135] The codebook / precoder can be either near-range (NF) oriented or far-range (FF) oriented.

[0136] In this disclosure, "near distance" can also mean a distance less than (or below) a specific threshold. In this disclosure, "far distance" can also mean a distance greater than (or above) a specific threshold.

[0137] The RIS (RIS-NCR) can also receive information from the NW for the precoder / codebook. This information may, for example, be location-related information with other nodes (e.g., UE / NW nodes). This location-related information may be, for example, at least one of angle-related information and distance-related information.

[0138] The first example is roughly divided into Example 1-1 and Example 1-2. You can apply Example 1-1 or Example 1-2 alone, or you can apply Example 1-1 and Example 1-2 in combination.

[0139] <Example 1-1>

[0140] Example 1-1 relates to the design of a specific codebook / precoder.

[0141] Example 1-1 is roughly divided into Example 1-1-1 to Example 1-1-4. You can apply any one of Example 1-1-1 to Example 1-1-4, or you can combine at least two of Example 1-1-1 to Example 1-1-4.

[0142] The precoder can also be computed, for example, as the output of specific multiplication operations performed on different precoders / matrices.

[0143] In this disclosure, codebook, precoder, codeword, matrix, item, vector, and element can be used interchangeably.

[0144] <Example 1-1-1>

[0145] The precoder in RIS can also be a precoder that decouples angle-related terms from distance (position)-related terms.

[0146] Example 1-1-1 can also be used for beamforming / focusing of NCR containing RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0147] The precoder in RIS can also be computed, for example, by multiplying a distance-dependent precoder / matrix (e.g., WRing) with an angle-dependent precoder / matrix (e.g., WDFT) (e.g., the Hadamard product, i.e., the product of each element).

[0148] For example, the precoder can also be calculated using Equation 1 below.

[0149]

Mathematical Formula 1

[0150]

[0151] Among them, D F It can also be the axial distance between the array and the focal point.

[0152] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the phase shift involved in the distance-dependent precoder can also be referred to as a ring-type phase distribution. Additionally, in this disclosure, the codebook involved in the distance-dependent precoder can also be referred to as a ring-type codebook (RTC).

[0153] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the precoder involved in 1-1-1. In Figure 8 An example of a uniform and linear array is shown in the diagram. Figure 8 In the example shown, beam focusing is first performed along the boresight. The range-dependent precoder described above can also be used in this beam focusing. k is the index corresponding to the phase in the DFT.

[0154] exist Figure 8 In the example shown, the next step is to shift the focus position based on the DFT vector. This shift can also be performed using the angle-dependent precoder described above.

[0155] According to Example 1-1-1, by utilizing angle-related terms and distance (position)-related terms, it is easy to achieve angle-related results while being able to appropriately send signals to objects at both long and short distances.

[0156] <Example 1-1-2>

[0157] The precoder in RIS can also be a precoder that uses piecewise linear approximation with DFT vectors.

[0158] For example, the precoder could also be a precoder that includes items for each subarray (more than one array) as well as distance (location) related items.

[0159] Example 1-1-2 can also be used for at least one of beamforming / focusing of NCR containing RIS (RIS-NCR) and coherent transmission of multiple panels (e.g., panels configured with a wide spacing).

[0160] Furthermore, Example 1-1-2 is suitable for subarray-based RIS-NCR.

[0161] The precoder in RIS can also be computed, for example, by multiplying the precoder of each subarray (more than one array) with the angle-dependent precoder (e.g., the Hadamard product, e.g., the product of each element).

[0162] The precoder for each subarray (more than one array) can also be represented, for example, by the product of the phase offset of each subarray and the angular offset of the subarray.

[0163] For example, the precoder can also be calculated using the following Equation 2.

[0164]

Mathematical Formula 2

[0165]

[0166] Here, φ （i，j） PO It can also represent the phase offset of subarray (i, j). The phase offset of subarray (i, j) can also be quantized by specific bits (e.g., b bits) that can take specific values ​​(e.g., values ​​from 0 to 2π). Furthermore, W （i ，j） AO It can also represent the angular offset of the subarray (i, j).

[0167] W(i,j)AO can also be calculated based on the inner product of the vector from the reference point of the array to the reference point of the subarray (i,j) and the vector from the reference point of the subarray (i,j) to the antenna component (m,n) in the subarray (i,j).

[0168] For example, W （i，j） AO It can also be calculated using the following formula 3.

[0169]

Mathematical Expression 3

[0170]

[0171] Where D can be the distance from the array (e.g., the array's reference point) to the object (e.g., the UE). Alternatively, it can be r. （i，j）SA Let r represent the vector from the reference point of the array to the reference point of the subarray (i, j). （m，n） AE This represents the vector from the reference point of subarray (i, j) to the antenna component (m, n) within subarray (i, j) (see [reference]). Figure 9 ).

[0172] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the precoder involved in 1-1-2. In Figure 10 An example of a uniform and linear array is shown in the diagram. Figure 8 In the example shown, firstly, beam focusing based on phase offset is performed on multiple arrays (each subarray) (step 1). A pre-encoder based on the aforementioned phase and angle offsets can also be used in this beam focusing.

[0173] exist Figure 10 In the example shown, the focus position is then shifted based on the DFT vector (step 2). The angle-dependent precoder described above can also be used in this shift.

[0174] According to Example 1-1-2, by utilizing the items of each subarray (more than one array) and the distance (position) related items, it is possible to appropriately send signals to objects at both long and short distances.

[0175] <Example 1-1-3>

[0176] The precoder in RIS can also be a precoder that utilizes terms related to near distance as well as terms related to far distance.

[0177] Example 1-1-3 can be used for CSI acquisition in either or both of FF and NF (not limited to FF and NF), and can also be used for localization / sensing in NF.

[0178] The precoder in RIS can also be computed, for example, by the product of a first precoder and a second precoder (e.g., the Kronecker product, i.e., the product of each element). The first / second precoder can also contain terms corresponding to far distances (or, angle-dependent) and terms corresponding to near distances (or, distance-dependent).

[0179] The precoder in this example can also be applied to a uniform planar array.

[0180] For example, the precoder W can also be represented by the following Equation 4.

[0181]

Mathematical Expression 4

[0182]

[0183] Wherein, W is passed through the first precoder, i.e., W N＿1，O＿1，k＿1，D，L＿1 With the second pre-encoder, i.e. W N＿2，O＿2，k＿2，D，L＿2 The Kronecker product is used to represent it. Additionally, "N_1" means "N1". Other expressions besides "N_1" are sometimes represented in the same way as "N_1".

[0184] W N＿i，O＿i，k＿i，D，L＿i For example, it can also be represented by the following equation 5.

[0185]

Mathematical Expression 5

[0186]

[0187] Wherein, the number N of antenna elements (scattering elements) in the i-th axis of the RIS array i and the number of oversamples for the i-th axis O i It can also be the same as the NR DFT-based codebook specified in previous NR implementations. i=1 can also correspond to the x-axis (horizontal direction). i=2 can also correspond to the z-axis (vertical direction). Furthermore, k i It is a codeword index, and k' can also represent a second-order term.

[0188] In addition, N RP It can also represent a value that depends on the reference point of the RIS array. For example, N RP It can also be done through N RP =2(d RP The calculation is done using -d0) / Δd.

[0189] For example, it could also be d RP -d0 represents the distance between a specific antenna element (e.g., antenna element #0) and the reference point; Δd can also represent the antenna element spacing.

[0190] For example, when the bottom left element of the array is set as the reference point, N RP It can also be 0.

[0191] For example, when the center coordinates of the array are set as the reference point, N RP It can also be done through N i -1 is used for calculation.

[0192] D can also represent the normalized distance between the reference point and the focal length. For example, D can also be calculated as (focal length) / λ.

[0193] L can also be a value related to the normalized equivalent aperture. For example, L can also be calculated using ON·Δd / λ.

[0194] <Example 1-1-4>

[0195] The precoder in the RIS can also be a precoder that utilizes the precoder associated with the access link (between UE and RIS) and the precoder associated with the backhaul link (between BS and RIS).

[0196] For example, the precoder could also be a precoder that includes items for each subarray (more than one array) as well as distance (location) related items.

[0197] Example 1-1-4 can also be used for beamforming / focusing of NCR (RIS-NCR) with RIS including backhaul / access links, and at least one of cascaded LoS-MIMO (e.g., LoS-MIMO requiring joint focal points indication).

[0198] The precoder in RIS can also be calculated, for example, by multiplying the precoder associated with the access link with the precoder associated with the backhaul link (e.g., the Hadamard product, i.e., the product of each element).

[0199] For example, the precoder can also be calculated using Equation 6 below.

[0200]

Mathematical Expression 6

[0201]

[0202] Among them, W AC It can also represent the precoder of the beam (access beam, UE-oriented beam) in the access link of RIS-NCR. Furthermore, W BH It can also represent the pre-encoder of the beam (backhaul beam, BS-oriented beam) in the backhaul link of RIS-NCR.

[0203] W AC and W BH At least one of them may be a pre-encoder calculated by at least one method described in Examples 1-1-1 to 1-1-3 above.

[0204] W AC and W BH The focal distance can be selected / determined independently or simultaneously (jointly). For example, WAC and W BH The focal distance can also be selected / determined by conjugate symmetry.

[0205] According to Example 1-1-4, it is possible to design precoders / codebooks not only for access links but also for backhaul links.

[0206] <Parameters involved in the codebook / precoder>

[0207] The parameters of each mathematical expression in Example 1-1 above will be explained below.

[0208] L can also be a parameter related to the aperture (e.g., an antenna element). This L can also be reported as a capability of RIS-NCR (NCR-MT).

[0209] L can also be reported as the antenna number (quantity) / interval in n dimensions (e.g., n is 2) via RIS.

[0210] L can also be used as the length of the side of the RIS (e.g., antenna number × antenna spacing), which is reported by the RIS.

[0211] N i O i k i k ip D i (i=1 or 2) can also be a parameter related to the codebook of the access link / backhaul link.

[0212] N i And O i It can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can be pre-configured for the RIS or pre-defined in the specification.

[0213] N i And O i The decision can be made based on reports related to the capabilities of RIS, or it can be made regardless of the dimensions of RIS.

[0214] k i It can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can also be used to instruct the RIS.

[0215] k ip It can also be calculated in the RIS based on specific settings / instructions for the RIS.

[0216] D i (For example, i=1) could also be a parameter related to the distance between BS and RIS. D i (For example, i=2) can also be a parameter related to the distance between the UE and the RIS.

[0217] For example, D1 can be pre-set to RIS via BS, and D2 can be instructed to RIS via BS.

[0218] For example, D1 and D2 can also be indicated by BS (using a single CW (compound CW)).

[0219] For example, D1 can be pre-set to RIS via BS, and D2 can be measured via RIS.

[0220] For example, D1 and D2 can also be measured via RIS.

[0221] For example, logarithmic quantization can also be used in the decisions of D1 and D2.

[0222] N RP It can also be a parameter related to the RIS reference point. N RP For example, it could also be a parameter related to the offset of the RIS reference point.

[0223] N RP It can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can also be instructed to the RIS.

[0224] The reference point of RIS can also mean a specific location.

[0225] For example, the reference point for RIS can also be the location of the antenna / subarray at a specific location (e.g., the bottom left).

[0226] For example, the reference point of a RIS can also be the location of the center point of the RIS. In this case, it is suitable for a single large RIS or multiple separate subarrays.

[0227] For example, the RIS reference point can also be reported by RIS. The RIS reference point can also be determined by following the reference point reported by RIS.

[0228] Parameters representing the adaptive (aperture adaptive) mode can also be specified. These parameters can also be used for aperture control in RIS.

[0229] The parameters representing the adaptive mode can also be associated with the RIS codebook. The RIS codebook can also be instructed to the RIS.

[0230] You can also specify parameters representing the shape / size of the RIS. This parameter can also be used for aperture control of the RIS.

[0231] Parameters representing the shape / size of the RIS can also be associated with the RIS's codebook. The RIS's codebook can also be specified to the RIS.

[0232] This parameter can also be indicated via a bitmap. Furthermore, it can be indicated by the orientation and length of the two sides of the aperture forming the parallelogram. Additionally, it can be indicated by the subarray configuration (e.g., orientation / spacing / subarray number / subarray size). Moreover, it can also be indicated by at least one of the following: the orientation / length of the two sides of the aperture forming the parallelogram (also known as general mode), the subarray number (sampling rate), and the subarray size.

[0233] You can also specify a parameter to represent the roll-off factor.

[0234] Parameters related to the conjugate symmetric RTC can also be specified. These parameters can also be parameters related to a reference point associated with the UE's location.

[0235] Reference points related to the location of the UE can also mean, for example, the antenna port of a specific UE (e.g., antenna port #0).

[0236] The reference point associated with the UE's location may also mean, for example, a specific (e.g., central) UE array set by the BS.

[0237] <Example 1-2>

[0238] In Example 1-2, the quantization related to angle (angle information) and distance (distance information) in the notification of the codebook (for NW / RIS-NCR) is explained.

[0239] Examples 1-2 are roughly divided into Example 1-2-1 and Example 1-2-2. You can apply either Example 1-2-1 or Example 1-2-2 below, or you can apply them in combination.

[0240] The NW (or RIS-NCR) can also send the RIS-NCR (or NW) angle / distance information associated with the codebook / precoder, which has been quantized using at least one of Examples 1-2-1 and 1-2-2.

[0241] <Example 1-2-1>

[0242] Quantization related to angle and quantization related to distance can also be performed separately (independently).

[0243] Regarding angles, specific quantization methods can also be used. These specific quantization methods could be, for example, DFT-based quantization methods. By using DFT-based quantization methods for angle quantization, both angles (FF) and angles (NF) can be quantized using a unified design.

[0244] For example, linear quantization can also be used for distance. Implementing this in the device becomes easier by using linear quantization. Logarithmic quantization can also be used for distance. By using logarithmic quantization, appropriate quantization can be performed regardless of whether the distance between devices is far or near.

[0245] Distance-related quantization can also be performed using Equation 7 below.

[0246]

Mathematical Expression 7

[0247]

[0248] In this disclosure, the range of NF can also be related to the array area. For example, the range of NF can also be (almost) proportional to the array area.

[0249] <Example 1-2-2>

[0250] Quantization related to angle and quantization related to distance can also be performed together.

[0251] For example, quantization related to angle and distance can also be performed using a uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates (angle and distance can also be quantized on a uniform grid). In this case, it can be appropriately utilized in location-based beamforming.

[0252] For example, quantization related to angle and distance can also be performed using a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates (angle and distance can also be quantized on a non-uniform grid). In this case, it is appropriate to consider the aperture / NF range in the line of sight, and by using a wider beam at close range, more uniform coverage and a reduction in the number of beams can be achieved.

[0253] For example, quantization related to angle and distance can also be performed using Equation 8 below.

[0254]

Mathematical Expression 8

[0255]

[0256] Figure 11This is a diagram representing an example of a uniform grid in orthogonal coordinates. In Figure 11 The example shown illustrates a uniform grid with orthogonal coordinates for RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0257] exist Figure 11 In the middle, (x gi y gi , z gi () can also represent the center coordinates of the i-th grid obtained from grid index i.

[0258] The uniform grid RTC can also be calculated using at least one of the following options 1 and 2.

[0259] The RTC using a uniform grid can also be calculated using Equation 9 below (Option 1).

[0260]

Mathematical Expression 9

[0261]

[0262] The RTC using a uniform grid can also be calculated using Equation 10 below (Option 2).

[0263]

Mathematical Formula 10

[0264]

[0265] Here, the above θ can also be calculated using Equation 11 below.

[0266]

Mathematical Expression 11

[0267]

[0268] Here, μ can represent the azimuth angle, and ν can represent the elevation angle. μ and ν can also be obtained through specific coordinate transformations.

[0269] Based on Example 1-2, it is possible to appropriately quantize the information related to angle (angle information) and distance (distance information) in the codebook notification.

[0270] <Example 2 of Linkage Technology>

[0271] The second example relates to aperture adaptation in RIS.

[0272] The second example is roughly divided into Example 2-1 and Example 2-2. You can apply either Example 2-1 or Example 2-2 below, or you can combine Example 2-1 and Example 2-2 below.

[0273] The RIS-NCR can also receive information (setting information) related to the control of the aperture (e.g., antenna element) from the NW. The RIS-NCR can also use this information to determine the aperture / antenna element used for signals facing the terminal.

[0274] <Example 2-1>

[0275] The RIS (RIS-NCR) can also select / determine / judge the aperture to be used from the apertures included in the RIS.

[0276] Example 2-1 is roughly divided into Example 2-1-1 and Example 2-1-2. You can apply either Example 2-1-1 or Example 2-1-2 below, or you can combine Example 2-1-1 and Example 2-1-2 below.

[0277] <Example 2-1-1>

[0278] Unnecessary RIS components (e.g., antenna components) can also be set to off. Information related to this setting can also be included in aperture control-related information received from the NW.

[0279] Unnecessary RIS components can also be configured not to scatter (or reflect / refract) the incident signal. Alternatively, unnecessary RIS components can be configured to spread or randomly scatter (or reflect / refract) the incident signal.

[0280] <Example 2-1-2>

[0281] Beamforming and aperture adaptation can also be used in combination.

[0282] Information related to this beamforming may also include, for example, information related to the beamforming vector of the RIS.

[0283] For example, the desired (actually used) aperture can also be represented by a value indicating the on / off state of each RIS element (e.g., an aperture function). Based on this, the desired (actually used) aperture can also be applied to the beamforming vector of the RIS.

[0284] For example, if the value corresponding to the RIS element (e.g., the aperture function) is the first value (e.g., 0), it indicates that the RIS element is in the off state. Furthermore, for example, if the value corresponding to the RIS element (e.g., the aperture function) is the second value (e.g., 1), it indicates that the RIS element is in the on state.

[0285] Aperture adaptation is used to control beam shape (e.g., at least one of beamwidth, sidelobes, main lobe, and the shape / size of the focal spot).

[0286] <Example 2-2>

[0287] Example 2-2 illustrates the control of aperture in RIS (RIS-NCR).

[0288] Example 2-2 can be broadly divided into Example 2-2-1 and Example 2-2-2. You can apply either Example 2-2-1 or Example 2-2-2 below, or you can combine Example 2-2-1 and Example 2-2-2 below.

[0289] <Example 2-2-1>

[0290] It is also possible to specify a mode related to the aperture of RIS-NCR.

[0291] RIS-NCR can also determine the aperture used based on this mode. This mode may, for example, include modes 1 through 3.

[0292] Mode 1 can also be a mode that uses part or all of the RIS components for a square. Mode 1 can also be called a fallback mode, for example.

[0293] The second mode can also be, for example, a mode in which a portion of the RIS components are used for a parallelogram (rhombus). The second mode can also be referred to as a semi-continuous mode.

[0294] The third mode can also be a mode that uses only a specific RIS from the components of the RIS. This specific RIS can also be determined by selecting a portion of the RIS components as parallelograms (rhombuses). The third mode can also be referred to as a discrete mode, for example.

[0295] <Example 2-2-2>

[0296] The shape / size of the aperture of the RIS-NCR used can also be indicated by a specific method. Information related to this indication can also be included in the aperture control-related information received from the NW.

[0297] For example, the shape / size of the aperture of the RIS-NCR being used can also be determined by a bitmap / parameter representing the on / off state of the components of the RIS being used.

[0298] The shape / size of the aperture (e.g., the aperture of a parallelogram (rhombus)) in the second / third mode described above can also be represented by a specific method. This specific method can, for example, be based on the length and angle of the two sides relative to a specific point (e.g., a reference point) of the element of the RIS (the element of the selected RIS).

[0299] In the third mode mentioned above, you can also add an indication of the size / number of subarrays used.

[0300] Based on example 2 above, the components / apertures of the RIS used can be appropriately determined / selected.

[0301] <Research Items for This Implementation>

[0302] In recent years, research has begun both domestically and internationally to go beyond 5G / 6G. 6G envisions even higher performance requirements. Furthermore, 6G envisions a wide variety of application scenarios, as shown below.

[0303] • Enhanced coverage • Ultra-long-distance communication

[0304] • Ultra-large capacity

[0305] Ultra-reliable communication

[0306] • Virtual cell (user-centric no-cell)

[0307] • Flexible NW

[0308] Mesh NW / Side link

[0309] In 6G, the design is expected to take these application scenarios into account.

[0310] For 6G, the utilization of high-frequency bands and the expansion of coverage are considered. As one means to realize the utilization of high-frequency bands and the expansion of coverage, base station layout designs using network controlled repeaters (NCRs) and / or reconfigurable intelligence surfaces (RISs) as described above are considered.

[0311] Additionally, in the following description, a structure in the RIS that performs the same functions as the NCR-MT described above, such as receiving setting / instruction / control information from the base station and sending at least one of requests / reports / responses to the base station, is sometimes described as RIS-MT. Furthermore, in the following description, a structure in the RIS that performs the same functions as the NCR-MT described above, such as relaying communication between the base station and the UE by relaying / amplifying from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link, is sometimes described as RIS-Fwd or RIS. Additionally, in the following description, "RIS" may also be replaced with "RIS-MT" or "RIS-Fwd". Furthermore, when distinguishing between RIS and RIS-MT, RIS and RIS-MT may be set up separately and interconnected via a wired connection. However, in this case, RIS-MT has the position information of the RIS (e.g., the coordinates of the RIS, the height of the RIS) and information related to the attitude of the RIS (e.g., tilt angle, rotation angle).

[0312] Furthermore, in the RIS, for example, the RIS-MT can also communicate with the UE. The link for communication between the RIS-MT and the UE can be either a sidelink or an NR Uu interface.

[0313] As a means of extending coverage, consider placing the RIS in an appropriate location between the base station and the UE to cover areas that the base station cannot cover.

[0314] In a RIS, it is desirable to place the equipment inside and outside buildings such as high-rise complexes (e.g., street canyons), factories, etc., and to control the operation for coverage enhancement (e.g., control of the reflection angle) based on the location of placement. For example, in a RIS, control is performed on the angle from which part, in which direction, and toward which beam.

[0315] For example, the RIS forms a beam toward the UE and forwards signals destined for the UE. During the forwarding operation of this RIS, it is desirable to determine which direction the UE observes from the RIS.

[0316] For example, beam scanning is performed between the TRP (transmission / reception point) and the UE to determine the UE's orientation. The TRP can also be replaced by the BS.

[0317] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates an example of a beam scanning method between the TRP and the UE. Figure 12The diagram illustrates the beam scanning process between the TRP and the UE, from process (1) to process (3), and up to process (4), which is the result of the three processes. Additionally, in... Figure 12 In this configuration, the TRP forms the transmit beam and uses it to transmit signals, while the UE forms the receive beam and uses it to receive signals. Figure 12 The diagram illustrates the transmit beam formed by the TRP and the receive beam formed by the UE in different ways.

[0318] In process (1), initial beam selection is performed by beam scanning of the SSB. For example, the TRP scans multiple SSBs along different beam directions. The UE receives the SSB, measures the reception quality (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR),) and selects a beam based on the measurement results. In the initial beam selection, a coarse beam is selected.

[0319] For example, in Figure 12 In process (1), the TRP uses transmit beams #1 to #3 for beam scanning. The UE uses receive beams #1 to #3 for beam scanning. In addition, transmit beams #1 to #3 and receive beams #1 to #3 are relatively wide beams, corresponding to coarse beams.

[0320] exist Figure 12 In process (1), the transmit beam #2 and the receive beam #2 are selected respectively. The UE will indicate the selected beam (in Figure 12 In the example, information about sending beam #2 is reported to the TRP.

[0321] In process (2), a second-stage beam selection is performed by beam scanning of reference signals (RS) such as CSI-RS. In this second-stage transmit beam selection, a transmit beam that is narrower than the transmit beam used in the initial beam selection is selected. For example, in the second-stage transmit beam selection, a transmit beam with a relatively narrow beamwidth is used where the beamwidth selected in the initial beam selection corresponds to a wider transmit beam. For example, the TRP scans the RS along different beam directions. The UE receives the RS, measures the reception quality (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)), and selects a beam based on the measurement results.

[0322] For example, in Figure 12In process (2), the TRP uses transmit beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to transmit beam #2 for beam scanning. Transmit beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to transmit beam #2 are one or more transmit beams oriented towards and near transmit beam #2, and have a beamwidth narrower than that of transmit beam #2. The UE uses the selected receive beam #2 to receive signals (e.g., RS) transmitted from the TRP.

[0323] exist Figure 12 In process (2), transmit beam #2b is selected from transmit beams #2a, #2b, and #2c. The UE will indicate the selected beam (in Figure 12 In the example, information about sending beam #2b is reported to the TRP.

[0324] In process (3), the second stage of receiver beam selection is performed by beam scanning of the RS (e.g., CSI-RS). In the second stage of receiver beam selection, a receiver beam that is thinner than the receiver beam used in the initial beam selection is selected. For example, in the second stage of receiver beam selection, the beamwidth selected by the initial beam selection corresponds to a wider receiver beam, and a receiver beam with a relatively narrow beamwidth is used.

[0325] For example, in Figure 12 In process (3), the TRP uses the transmit beam #2b to transmit a signal (e.g., RS). The UE uses the receive beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to the receive beam #2 for beam scanning. The receive beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to the receive beam #2 are one or more receive beams in the direction of and near the receive beam #2, and are beams with a beamwidth narrower than the beamwidth of the receive beam #2.

[0326] exist Figure 12 In process (3), the receiving beam #2b is selected from the receiving beams #2a, #2b and #2c.

[0327] The TRP's transmit beam and the UE's receive beam are selected, completing beam scanning. Figure 12 In the example shown in process (4), the TRP uses the transmit beam #2b to transmit signals, and the UE uses the receive beam #2b to receive signals transmitted from the TRP.

[0328] As described above, beams are selected between the TRP and the UE via beam scanning. The direction in which the selected TRP's beam faces corresponds to the direction in which the UE is located (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "UE direction"). In this case, the UE direction observed from the TRP is determined (or estimated) based on the beam selected through beam scanning.

[0329] In the RIS (Redirection System), in order to perform the operation of forwarding signals in the direction of the UE observed from the RIS, it is desirable to determine the direction of the UE observed from the RIS. Furthermore, the direction of the UE observed from the RIS is equivalent to the direction of the UE originating from the RIS.

[0330] However, there is room for research into methods for determining the orientation of the UE observed from RIS.

[0331] For example, since the RIS is assumed to lack the ability to transmit signals from itself, it is difficult to determine the direction of the UE observed from the RIS using signals transmitted from the RIS, such as beam scanning. If the direction of the UE observed from the RIS is difficult to determine, it may be impossible to perform the operation of forwarding signals to the direction of the UE observed from the RIS.

[0332] Furthermore, since the UE is assumed to be mobile rather than stationary, the UE orientation observed from the RIS will also change according to the UE's movement. Therefore, it is desirable to determine the UE orientation observed from the RIS periodically or as needed.

[0333] Therefore, in this embodiment, a method for appropriately performing control related to relay operation in the RIS by determining the UE direction observed from the RIS is described. Furthermore, examples of a RIS-MT having the ability (or function) to control the RIS and communicate with other wireless communication devices (e.g., UE) to determine the UE direction observed from the RIS, and examples of a BS determining the UE direction observed from the RIS are shown below.

[0334] Additionally, in the following explanation, terms such as “determine,” “decide,” “select,” and “estimate” are interchangeable.

[0335] Figure 13 This diagram illustrates one example of control in this embodiment. Figure 13 The diagram shows BS, RIS-MT, RIS, and UE. Furthermore, in... Figure 13 The diagram illustrates three steps related to control.

[0336] like Figure 13 As shown, the control of RIS in this embodiment is performed through three steps.

[0337] Step 1: Determine the beam direction.

[0338] Step 2: Determine the reflection direction in the RIS based on the determined beam direction.

[0339] Step 3: Determine the RIS pair (e.g., the pair of incident angle and reflection angle) based on the reflection direction in the RIS.

[0340] Here, the beam direction in step 1 refers to the direction of the beam formed by the RIS-MT toward the UE, which can correspond to the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT. Furthermore, in step 2, the reflection direction in the RIS is the reflection direction in which the RIS reflects the signal arriving at the RIS toward the UE, which can also correspond to the UE direction observed from the RIS. Additionally, in the following explanation, the reflection direction can also be replaced with the reflection beam direction. For example, controlling the reflection direction can be understood as controlling the reflection beam direction or controlling the reflection angle. Furthermore, controlling the reflection angle can also be understood as controlling the phase of the RIS according to the set reflection angle.

[0341] Furthermore, when steps 1 to 3 are performed via RIS-MT, RIS-MT can also feed back information indicating the determined RIS pair to BS.

[0342] The following are examples of the processes performed in each step.

[0343] <Step 1: Determining the Beam Direction>

[0344] In order to determine the beam direction (e.g., the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT), the RIS-MT performs beam detection (beam scanning) to determine the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT.

[0345] Furthermore, since RIS-MT is processed equally with the UE, beam detection can also be performed as beam selection in inter-terminal communication (e.g., communication in a sidelink). Alternatively, beam detection can also be performed as beam selection in NR Uu.

[0346] In addition, there are no specific provisions for the method of beam selection in the sidelink or NR Uu, but for example, beam scanning can be performed between the RIS-MT and the UE in the same way as the beam scanning between the TRP and the UE mentioned above.

[0347] Figure 14 This diagram illustrates an example of a beam scanning method between the RIS-MT and the UE. Figure 14 The process of beam scanning between the RIS-MT and the UE is shown, namely processes (1) to (3), and up to process (4) which is the result of the three processes. Additionally, in Figure 14In this configuration, the RIS-MT forms a transmit beam and uses it to transmit signals, while the UE forms a receive beam and uses it to receive signals. Figure 14 In this context, the transmit beam formed by RIS-MT and the receive beam formed by UE are represented in different ways.

[0348] In procedure (1), initial beam selection is performed by beam scanning of the sidelink version of the SSB (e.g., the S-SSB (Sidelink Synchronization Signal Block)). For example, RIS-MT scans multiple S-SSBs along different beam directions. The UE receives the S-SSBs, measures the reception quality (e.g., signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), etc.), and selects a beam based on the measurement results. In the initial beam selection, a coarse beam is selected. In addition, the signal used in procedure (1) is not limited to the S-SSB.

[0349] For example, in Figure 14 In process (1), RIS-MT uses transmit beams #1 to #3 for beam scanning. UE uses receive beams #1 to #3 for beam scanning. In addition, transmit beams #1 to #3 and receive beams #1 to #3 are relatively wide beams, corresponding to coarse beams.

[0350] exist Figure 14 In process (1), the transmit beam #2 and the receive beam #2 are selected respectively. The UE will indicate the selected beam (in Figure 14 In the example, information about the transmitted beam (#2) is reported to the RIS-MT.

[0351] In process (2), the second stage of transmit beam selection is performed by beam scanning of a reference signal (e.g., at least one RS such as CSI-RS). In the second stage of transmit beam selection, a transmit beam narrower than the transmit beam used in the initial beam selection is selected. For example, in the second stage of transmit beam selection, the beamwidth selected in the initial beam selection corresponds to a wider transmit beam, while a transmit beam with a relatively narrow beamwidth is used. For example, RIS-MT scans the RS along different beam directions. The UE receives the RS, measures the reception quality (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)), and selects a beam based on the measurement results.

[0352] For example, in Figure 14In process (2), the RIS-MT uses transmit beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to transmit beam #2 for beam scanning. Transmit beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to transmit beam #2 are one or more transmit beams oriented towards and near transmit beam #2, and have a beamwidth narrower than that of transmit beam #2. The UE uses the selected receive beam #2 to receive signals (e.g., RS) transmitted from the RIS-MT.

[0353] exist Figure 14 In process (2), transmit beam #2b is selected from transmit beams #2a, #2b, and #2c. The UE will indicate the selected beam (in Figure 14 In the example, information about sending beam #2b is reported to the TRP.

[0354] In process (3), the second stage of receiver beam selection is performed by beam scanning of the RS (e.g., CSI-RS). In the second stage of receiver beam selection, a receiver beam that is thinner than the receiver beam used in the initial beam selection is selected. For example, in the second stage of receiver beam selection, the beamwidth selected by the initial beam selection corresponds to a wider receiver beam, and a receiver beam with a relatively narrow beamwidth is used.

[0355] For example, in Figure 14 In process (3), the RIS-MT uses transmit beam #2b to transmit signals (e.g., RS). The UE uses receive beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to receive beam #2 for beam scanning. Receive beams #2a, #2b, and #2c corresponding to receive beam #2 are one or more receive beams in the direction of and near receive beam #2, and have a beamwidth narrower than that of receive beam #2.

[0356] exist Figure 14 In process (3), the receiving beam #2b is selected from the receiving beams #2a, #2b and #2c.

[0357] The RIS-MT transmit beam and the UE receive beam are selected, completing beam scanning. Figure 14 In the example shown in process (4), the RIS-MT uses transmit beam #2b to transmit signals, and the UE uses receive beam #2b to receive signals transmitted from the RIS-MT.

[0358] In phase (3), the orientation of the UE observed from RIS-MT is determined on a one-to-one basis. Furthermore, even in the event of beam failure, beam recovery and beam selection operations can be performed simultaneously. Figure 14 The process shown was performed in the same way.

[0359] In addition to the information indicating the selected beam, the UE can also report information indicating the reception quality of the received signal to the RIS-MT, and information indicating the arrival time of the received signal (e.g., the arrival time of the signal from the RIS-MT to the UE). Reception quality and arrival time can be understood as examples of information indicating the distance between the RIS-MT and the UE.

[0360] In addition, Figure 14 Examples of RIS-MT signal transmission (e.g., S-SSB, RS) are shown, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the RIS-MT can also receive signals during beam scanning. The concept of RIS-MT signal transmission can also be referred to as the transmission concept, and the concept of RIS-MT signal reception can also be referred to as the reception concept. For example, in the case where the link between the RIS-MT and the UE is a sidelink, the correspondence between the RIS-MT and the UE may be different. Figure 14 The example shown is the opposite.

[0361] For example, the correspondence between RIS-MT and UE and Figure 14 In the opposite case shown, in process (1), the UE uses the transmit beam for beam scanning, and the RIS-MT uses the receive beam for beam scanning. Furthermore, in this case, after process (2), the correspondence between the RIS-MT and the UE is also... Figure 14 The example shown is the opposite.

[0362] Step 2: Determining the Reflection Direction

[0363] After the beam direction (e.g., the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT) is determined, the reflection direction in the RIS (e.g., the UE direction observed from the RIS) is determined.

[0364] The RIS-MT maintains information related to the positional relationship between the RIS and the RIS-MT connected to it. This information includes at least one of the following: the RIS's position (e.g., coordinates in a plane), the RIS's height, the RIS's tilt angle, and the RIS's rotation angle. The RIS's tilt angle and rotation angle can also be understood as examples of information related to the RIS's attitude.

[0365] The RIS-MT determines the UE orientation observed from the RIS based on information related to the positional relationship between the RIS and RIS-MT, as well as the UE orientation observed from the RIS-MT. For example, it estimates the coordinates of the UE assuming it exists in the UE orientation observed from the RIS-MT, and determines which direction the estimated UE coordinates observed from the RIS correspond to based on the positional relationship between the RIS and RIS-MT. Furthermore, information representing the distance between the RIS-MT and the UE (e.g., reception quality, arrival time) can also be used in estimating the UE coordinates.

[0366] Step 3: Determining the Reflection Angle

[0367] The RIS performs relay (or forwarding) operations by reflecting signals destined for the UE that arrive at (are incident on) the RIS toward the direction of the UE as observed from the RIS. The direction of the UE observed from the RIS corresponds to the reflection direction, and the reflection angle along that direction is determined. In determining the reflection angle, any one of the following three options is applied.

[0368] Option 1: RIS-MT controls the reflection angle of the RIS.

[0369] Option 2: BS controls the reflection angle of RIS.

[0370] Option 3: A combination of Options 1 and 2

[0371] Additionally, the control of the RIS may include the determination of the RIS's reflection angle, as well as the notification (or instruction) of the determined reflection angle.

[0372] In Option 1, the BS may not control the RIS. In Option 2, the BS determines the reflection angle of the RIS and sends the determined reflection angle information to the RIS-MT, which then controls the reflection angle of the RIS based on the received reflection angle information.

[0373] Additionally, as in Option 1, the RIS-MT controls the RIS; therefore, the RIS-MT can be understood as an example of a control device that controls the RIS. Furthermore, in Option 2, the BS controls the RIS by determining its reflection angle and sending this information to the RIS-MT; therefore, the BS can be understood as an example of a control device that controls the RIS.

[0374] In addition, in Option 1, when the RIS-MT cannot control the reflection angle in the RIS such that the UE direction observed from the RIS is set to the reflection direction, the RIS-MT can also report the matter of not being able to control the reflection angle in the RIS to the BS. The situation where the reflection angle that sets the UE direction observed from the RIS to the reflection direction cannot be controlled in the RIS can be a situation where the reflection angle supported by the RIS does not include the reflection angle that sets the UE direction observed from the RIS to the reflection direction. In this case, the BS can also decide the RIS to be used or the reflection angle in the RIS based on the report. In addition, in the BS, the decision regarding the RIS to be used or the reflection angle in the RIS will be described later.

[0375] Next, the above three options will be described separately.

[0376] <Option 1 of Beam Control of RIS>

[0377] In Option 1, the RIS-MT determines the reflection angle in the RIS and controls the reflection angle in the RIS (e.g., the direction of the reflection beam). In Option 1, the BS can refrain from controlling the reflection angle.

[0378] For example, the RIS-MT determines the pair of the incident angle and the reflection angle in the RIS (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the RIS pair).

[0379] The pair of the incident angle and the reflection angle can be associated with an index and held. The correspondence between the pair of the incident angle and the reflection angle and the index can be held in a table form. The table of the correspondence between the pair of the incident angle and the reflection angle and the index is sometimes referred to as the incident angle / reflection angle table. In addition, the incident angle / reflection angle table can be possessed by the RIS-MT or by the BS. The RIS-MT can also possess the incident angle / reflection angle table of the RIS connected to the RIS-MT, and the BS can also possess the incident angle / reflection angle table of each of one or more available RISs.

[0380] <Incident Angle / Reflection Angle Table><0%3D

[0381] Figure 15 is a diagram showing an example of the incident angle / reflection angle table, which represents the correspondence between the incident angle and the reflection angle in the RIS. In this correspondence, for example, the incident angle of 30° is associated with the reflection angles of 50°, 55°, and 60°. This correspondence indicates that the RIS can reflect the radio wave (signal) incident on the RIS at an incident angle of 30° with any one of the reflection angles of 50°,

[0382] In addition, in Figure 15In this context, a link index is assigned to a group of incident angles and their corresponding reflection angles. The link index is an example of identification information for identifying groups of incident and reflection angles. Furthermore, in... Figure 15 In this context, a reflection angle index is assigned to the reflection angle. The reflection angle index is an example of identification information used to identify the reflection angle. Alternatively, both sets of indices can be assigned, or at least one can be omitted.

[0383] In addition, when the reflection angle is indexed, the reflection angle can be further subdivided into relatively large granularities of 5°, and each reflection angle can be indexed.

[0384] Figure 15 The incident angle / reflection angle table shown is based on the capabilities (or characteristics) of the RIS. For example, the incident angle / reflection angle table can be understood as an example of the RIS's capabilities.

[0385] like Figure 15 The RIS pair shown is used when selecting a reflection angle (or reflectable angle) from the link index.

[0386] RIS-MT has pre-defined features such as Figure 15 The incident angle / reflection angle table is used as shown, and the RIS pair (e.g., reflection angle) is determined by referring to the table. For example, as in steps 1 and 2 above, the RIS-MT determines the UE direction observed from the RIS based on the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT and the positional relationship between the RIS and the RIS-MT. Then, in step 3, the RIS-MT selects the RIS pair from the incident angle / reflection angle table that sets the UE direction observed from the RIS as the reflection direction. The reflection angle that sets the UE direction observed from the RIS as the reflection direction can be a reflection angle that reflects towards the UE direction observed from the RIS, or a reflection angle that reflects towards the direction closest to the UE direction observed from the RIS.

[0387] For example, in the case where the direction of the UE observed from the RIS is determined to be 50°, it has Figure 15 The RIS-MT selection for the incident angle / reflection angle table shown is 50°. Furthermore, in the case where the direction of the UE observed from the RIS is determined to be 52°, since a reflection angle of 50° is closest, it has... Figure 15 The RIS-MT selection for the incident angle / reflection angle table shown is 50°.

[0388] Here, if the incident angle / reflection angle table does not contain a reflection angle that sets the direction of reflection from the UE observed by the RIS as the reflection direction, the RIS-MT may also report the absence of a reflection angle to the BS. For example, if the direction is determined to be 30° from the RIS as the direction of reflection from the UE, then... Figure 15 The RIS-MT, as shown in the incident angle / reflection angle table, reports any instances where a corresponding reflection angle does not exist in the table to the BS. Additionally, this report may include information indicating the UE's orientation as observed from the RIS, and / or information indicating the UE's orientation as observed from the RIS-MT. In this case, the BS can operate to relay to other RISs different from the RIS connected to the reporting RIS-MT and communicate with the UE.

[0389] As mentioned above, if the incident angle / reflection angle table does not contain a reflection angle that sets the direction of reflection from the UE observed by the RIS as the reflection direction, the RIS-MT can also report to the BS and determine the RIS used in the BS, or the reflection angle within the RIS. Furthermore, the determination of the RIS used in the BS or the reflection angle within the RIS will be described later.

[0390] Additionally, in cases where the determined reflection angle or RIS pair is notified, for example, any of the following Alt.1 to Alt.3 can be applied.

[0391] Alt.1: Indicates the index of the reflection angle.

[0392] Alt.2: Notification Link Index

[0393] Alt.3: Notify the value of the reflection angle

[0394] Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the notification method when notifications are based on any of Alt.1 to Alt.3 mentioned above. For example, at least one of DCI, RRC, MAC CE, OAM, etc., can be used.

[0395] Additionally, the incident angle can also be used in the determination of the RIS pair. For example, the BS derives the incident angle based on the positional relationship between the BS's antenna and the RIS.

[0396] For example, the positional relationship between the antenna of the BS and the RIS can be obtained using information related to the 3D position of the antenna of the BS and information related to the 3D position of the RIS. Then, the BS can derive the angle of incidence from the geometric positional relationship between the antenna of the BS and the RIS in 3D space based on the information related to the 3D position of the antenna of the BS and information related to the 3D position of the RIS. For example, a straight line connecting a representative point of the antenna of the BS in 3D space (e.g., the center of the antenna) and a representative point of the reflecting surface of the RIS (e.g., the center of the reflecting surface) is defined, and the angle between this defined straight line and a perpendicular line extending perpendicularly from the representative point of the reflecting surface of the RIS can be the angle of incidence.

[0397] In addition, the information related to the 3D position of the BS antenna includes at least one of the following: the position information of the BS in the 2D plane (e.g., latitude and longitude), the height of the BS antenna, the tilt angle of the BS antenna, and the rotation angle.

[0398] In addition, the information related to the 3D position of the RIS includes at least one of the following: the position information of the RIS in the 2D plane (e.g., the latitude and longitude of the RIS's position), the altitude of the RIS, and the angle of the RIS (the orientation of the RIS).

[0399] Here, the BS can maintain information related to the 3D position of the BS's antenna. On the other hand, the BS can obtain information related to the RIS's 3D position from the RIS, obtain this information from an external device other than the RIS, or maintain this information in advance.

[0400] The BS reports the derived angle of incidence to the RIS-MT, which then selects the reported angle of incidence and the corresponding angle of reflection from the angle of incidence / angle of reflection table.

[0401] Additionally, the RIS-MT can also derive the angle of incidence. For example, the RIS-MT derives the angle of incidence based on the positional relationship between the antenna of the BS and the RIS (e.g., the reflector of the RIS). Furthermore, the angle of incidence can also be determined based on the direction of the beam selected as a result of beam scanning performed between the RIS-MT and the BS.

[0402] For example, in the case where communication between the BS and the UE is possible and / or in the case where communication between the BS and the UE is not possible, the RIS-MT sends information related to the determined reflection angle (or the direction of the UE observed from the RIS or the direction of the UE observed from the RIS-MT) to the BS. The case where communication between the BS and the UE is possible may correspond, for example, to the case where the RIS-MT can determine the reflection angle, and the case where communication between the BS and the UE is not possible may correspond, for example, to the case where the RIS-MT cannot determine the reflection angle (for example, the case where the reflection angle corresponding to the incident angle / reflection angle table is not included).

[0403] In addition, in the case where the reflection angle corresponding to the reflection direction toward a specific one UE can be obtained from among multiple RISs, the coordinates of the one UE are determined based on the obtained reflection angle. Then, a suitable RIS may be selected from among the multiple RISs based on the determined UE coordinates. In addition, the determination of the UE coordinates will be described later.

[0404] Through the above-described processing, the RIS-MT determines the reflection angle in the RIS and controls the reflection angle in the RIS (for example, the direction of the reflection beam).

[0405] As shown in Option 1, the RIS-MT determines the reflection angle of the RIS and controls the reflection angle in the RIS, whereby the control of the RIS can be appropriately performed. For example, the RIS-MT performs beam scanning, determines the direction of the UE observed from the RIS-MT, and determines the direction of the UE observed from the RIS (for example, the reflection direction). Thus, even if the RIS cannot perform beam scanning between UEs, the direction of the UE observed from the RIS can be determined, and more appropriate control of the RIS can be performed. In addition, since control can be performed between the RIS-MT, the RIS, and the UE, the time required for the control of the RIS can be shortened.

[0406] <Option 2 of the beam control of the RIS>

[0407] In Option 2, the BS determines the reflection angle of the RIS and controls the reflection angle in the RIS. In Option 2, the RIS-MT notifies the BS of the information for the control of the reflection angle.

[0408] For example, the BS can obtain information representing the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT, or information representing the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT, and determine the reflection angle of the RIS based on the obtained information. Additionally, the BS can obtain position information such as the coordinates of the RIS-MT (or the RIS) from the RIS-MT, or can have the position information such as the coordinates of the RIS-MT (or the RIS) in advance. Additionally, the method by which the BS determines the reflection angle of the RIS can be the same as the method by which the above-mentioned RIS-MT determines the reflection angle of the RIS. For example, the BS can have an incident angle / reflection angle table of the RIS and select the reflection angle that sets the UE direction observed from the RIS as the reflection direction from the incident angle / reflection angle table.

[0409] In addition, the BS can obtain information representing the UE direction observed from the RIS, or information representing the UE direction observed from the RIS-MT, from each of multiple RIS-MTs, and determine the reflection angle of the RIS based on the obtained information.

[0410] The BS can either select the RIS to be used in the communication with the UE from the correspondence between the link index and the notified reflection angle, or select the path composed of multiple RISs in the case of communicating with the UE via two or more RISs. This selection can be made, for example, periodically in each report related to the reflection angle.

[0411] Exemplarily, in Option 2, the BS determines the position information of the UE (for example, the coordinates of the UE), and performs control in the RIS based on the determined position information of the UE. For example, the BS determines the RIS to be used when sending a signal from the BS to the UE based on the position information of the UE, and controls the reflection angle (for example, the direction of the reflection beam) in the determined RIS.

[0412] When the BS has obtained information related to the UE direction observed from multiple RIS-MTs, the BS retains the information related to the UE direction observed from each of the multiple RIS-MTs. By having multiple UE directions observed from the RIS-MTs, the coordinates of the UE are estimated using the coordinates of the RIS-MT (or the RIS) and at least a part of the UE directions observed from each of the multiple RIS-MTs (or the RISs). Hereinafter, two options for UE coordinate estimation will be described. The BS estimates the UE coordinates based on either of the two options.

[0413] <Option 1 for UE Coordinate Estimation>

[0414] When the UE receives a signal transmitted by the RIS-MT, the UE can also measure the arrival time of the received signal. Here, the measured arrival time corresponds to the distance between the RIS-MT and the UE. Furthermore, when the UE receives a signal forwarded / or transmitted by the RIS, the UE can also measure the arrival time of the received signal. Here, the measured arrival time corresponds to the distance between the RIS and the UE.

[0415] The UE's coordinates are estimated based on the Time of Arrival (ToA). For example, the Time of Arrival can be the arrival time of a signal transmitted from the RIS-MT and received by the UE (e.g., S-SSB or RS), or the arrival time of a signal transmitted from the BS and received by the UE (e.g., S-SSB or RS). In the case of estimating the UE's coordinates based on the UE's side, the UE can also obtain location information such as the coordinates of each RIS-MT from the RIS-MTs themselves.

[0416] Alternatively, the BS can estimate the UE's coordinates based on the arrival time. In this case, the UE reports the arrival time of signals transmitted from each RIS-MT to each RIS-MT. For example, when the UE reports the beam selected in step 1 above, it can also simultaneously report the arrival time to the RIS-MT. The RIS-MT reports the arrival time reported by the UE to the BS. When the RIS-MT reports the UE's direction observed from the RIS (or the UE's report observed from the RIS-MT) to the BS, it can also simultaneously report the arrival time to the BS.

[0417] In addition, when distinguishing each of the multiple RIS-MTs, the multiple RIS-MTs are recorded as RIS-MT#1, RIS-MT#2, etc.

[0418] The UE's coordinates can be estimated based on the coordinates of the RIS-MT, the UE's orientation observed from the RIS-MT, and the arrival time of signals transmitted from the RIS-MT and received by the UE. Alternatively, the UE's coordinates can also be estimated based on the coordinates of the RIS, the UE's orientation observed from the RIS, and the arrival time of signals transmitted from the RIS and received by the UE.

[0419] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating option 1, which represents the coordinate estimation of the UE. Figure 16 The diagram shows the coordinates of RIS#i (where i is any one of 1, 2, or 3), the UE direction #i representing the direction of the UE observed from RIS#i, and the arrival time TOA#i corresponding to the distance between RIS#i and the UE. Figure 16The UE direction #i in [ ] is defined as an angle with respect to a reference plane (or line). Additionally, the UE direction can also be replaced with other expressions such as beam direction and beam emission angle.

[0420] In addition, the coordinates of RIS#i can also be replaced with the coordinates of RIS-MT#i. Furthermore, instead of the UE direction observed from RIS#i, the UE direction #i can also be the UE direction observed from RIS-MT#i. Additionally, TOA#i can be the arrival time of a signal transmitted (or relayed) by RIS#i and received by the UE. Alternatively, TOA#i can be the arrival time of a signal transmitted (or relayed) by RIS-MT#i and received by the UE.

[0421] As Figure 16 shown, for example, the coordinates of the UE are estimated based on the coordinates of RIS-MT#1, the UE direction observed from RIS-MT#1, and the arrival time of a signal transmitted by RIS-MT#1 and received by the UE.

[0422] Furthermore, the coordinates of the UE are estimated based on the coordinates of each of multiple RIS-MTs, the UE direction observed from each of multiple RIS-MTs, and the arrival time of a signal transmitted by each of multiple RIS-MTs and received by the UE. For example, in the case of 2 RIS-MTs, the coordinates of the UE are estimated based on the coordinates of RIS-MT#1, the UE direction observed from RIS-MT#1, the arrival time of a signal transmitted by RIS-MT#1 and received by the UE, the coordinates of RIS-MT#2, the UE direction observed from RIS-MT#2, and the arrival time of a signal transmitted by RIS-MT#2 and received by the UE.

[0423] In addition, in Option 1, the arrival time of the signal can also be replaced with the reception quality of the signal (e.g., SNR or RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)).

[0424] <UE Coordinate Estimation Option 2>

[0425] Since there are two or more UE directions observed from RIS-MTs, the coordinates of the UE are determined based on two or more UE directions. For example, it is determined that the coordinates of the intersection of two or more UE directions are the coordinates of the UE.

[0426] Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of UE coordinate estimation Option 2. In Figure 17The diagram shows the coordinates of RIS#i (where i is any one of 1, 2, or 3) and the UE direction #i, which represents the UE direction observed from RIS#i.

[0427] Additionally, the coordinates of RIS#i can be replaced with the coordinates of RIS-MT#i. Furthermore, instead of the UE direction observed from RIS#i, the UE direction #i can also be the UE direction observed from RIS-MT#i.

[0428] Figure 17 In this context, the UE orientation #i is defined as the angle relative to the plane (or line) that serves as the reference. Alternatively, the UE orientation can be replaced with other expressions such as beam direction or beam emission angle.

[0429] like Figure 17 As shown, the intersection of UE direction #1, UE direction #2, and UE direction #3 is determined to be the coordinates of the UE.

[0430] In addition, Figure 17 The example shown illustrates how the coordinates of a UE can be determined based on three UE orientations, but it can also be determined based on two UE orientations.

[0431] Next, the processing flow for each of the BS, RIS, RIS-MT, and UE in Option 2, where the BS determines the reflection angle of the RIS and controls the reflection angle in the RIS, will be explained. Furthermore, the following explanation shows an example of the BS determining the UE coordinates based on Option 2, which estimates the UE coordinates.

[0432] Figure 18 This is a timing diagram illustrating the processing flow of option 2 for beam control of the RIS in this embodiment. Figure 18 The example shown illustrates how the BS determines the UE coordinates based on information obtained from RIS-MT#1 and RIS-MT#2, and controls the RIS based on the determined UE coordinates.

[0433] RIS-MT#1 performs a beam scan between RIS-MT#1 and the UE (S101). Then, RIS-MT#1 determines the UE orientation based on the beam scan results (S102). RIS-MT#1 sends information indicating the determined UE orientation to the BS (S103).

[0434] RIS-MT#2 performs a beam scan between RIS-MT#2 and the UE (S104). Then, RIS-MT#2 determines the UE orientation based on the beam scan results (S105). RIS-MT#2 sends information indicating the determined UE orientation to BS (S106).

[0435] In addition, S101~S103 and S104~S106 are not limited to Figure 18 The order shown. For example, S104 to S106 can be performed before S103.

[0436] The BS determines the UE coordinates based on the respective coordinates of RIS-MT#1 and RIS-MT#2, as well as the obtained UE orientation (S107).

[0437] Based on the determined UE coordinates, the BS selects the RIS (S108) from RIS#1 and RIS#2 to use when sending signals to the UE. Figure 17 The example shown is of RIS#1 being selected. Then, BS determines the reflection angle (S109) to be used in the selected RIS#1.

[0438] For example, BS is based on the optional RIS (in Figure 18 In the example, based on the location-related information of each of RIS#1 and RIS#2, and the estimated UE coordinates, the UE direction (i.e., reflection direction) observed from each of the selectable RISs is determined. Then, the BS refers to the incident angle / reflection angle table of each of the selectable RISs, selects the RIS that can use the reflection angle corresponding to the determined reflection direction as the RIS to be used when transmitting signals to the UE, and determines the reflection angle to be used in the selected RIS. In addition, when there are multiple RISs that can use the reflection angle corresponding to the determined reflection direction, information such as the distance between the BS and the RIS, the distance between the RIS and the UE, and the quality of the path from the BS to the UE can also be used in the selection of the RIS.

[0439] In addition, the BS obtains information related to the location of each of the optional plurality of RIS (e.g., the coordinates of the RIS) and information on the incident angle / reflection angle table of each of the optional plurality of RIS from each RIS-MT.

[0440] The BS sends control information of RIS#1 containing information representing the determined reflection angle to RIS-MT#1 (S110), which controls the selected RIS#1.

[0441] RIS-MT#1 controls the forwarding operation (e.g., reflection operation, etc.) of RIS#1 by sending control information of RIS#1 based on the received control information to RIS#1 (S111). For example, the forwarding operation (e.g., reflection operation, etc.) is controlled by controlling the phase of RIS#1 (e.g., the phase of each of the multiple antenna components).

[0442] The BS transmits a signal destined for the UE (S112). Here, the transmitted signal is relayed (e.g., reflected) by RIS#1 and received by the UE (S113).

[0443] In addition, in Figure 18 the example shown in the timing diagram, the BS selects a RIS and determines the reflection angle in the selected RIS, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the BS may also select a RIS and notify the RIS-MT that controls the selected RIS of the matter of using the RIS in the communication with the UE. In this case, the notified RIS-MT may also determine the reflection angle to be used in the RIS. In addition, the UE coordinates may also be included in the notification from the BS in this case. Then, the RIS-MT may also determine the reflection angle in the RIS based on the UE coordinates included in the notification.

[0444] As shown in Option 2, the BS determines the reflection angle of the RIS and controls the reflection angle in the RIS, thereby enabling appropriate control of the RIS. For example, as described above, the BS determines the UE coordinates based on information from multiple RIS-MTs and determines the reflection angle of the RIS, so that the reflection angle with respect to the correct position of the UE can be determined, and more appropriate control of the RIS can be performed. In addition, in the case of Option 2, a RIS suitable for relaying can be selected from multiple RISs, so that more appropriate control of the RIS can be performed.

[0445] <Option 3 for beam control of the RIS>

[0446] In Option 3 for beam control of the RIS, control combining Option 1 and Option 2 for beam control based on the RIS is performed.

[0447] For example, when Option 1 cannot be used, Option 2 can be used. For example, as shown in Option 1, when the RIS-MT cannot determine the reflection angle in the RIS and control the reflection angle in the RIS, as shown in Option 2, the RIS-MT can also determine the reflection angle in the RIS and control the reflection angle in the RIS.

[0448] Here, the case where Option 1 cannot be used may be, for example, the case where the reflection angle corresponding to the reflection direction determined by the RIS-MT is not included in the incidence angle / reflection angle table possessed by the RIS-MT.

[0449] Furthermore, options 1 and 2 can be selected, for example, depending on the requirements related to communication between the BS and the UE. For instance, when the communication speed between the BS and the UE is relatively high, or when real-time communication is required, option 1, where the RIS-MT controls the RIS without going through the BS, can be selected. On the other hand, when the communication speed between the BS and the UE can be relatively low, but high quality is required, option 2, where the BS determines the UE coordinates and controls the RIS, can be selected.

[0450] Furthermore, options 1 and 2 can be selected based on the type of RIS or RIS-MT. For example, when RIS-MT#1, which does not support beam scanning, is indicated, the BS can obtain the UE orientation from another RIS-MT (e.g., RIS-MT#2) that supports beam scanning, and determine the reflection angle of the RIS controlled by RIS-MT#1 based on the obtained UE orientation.

[0451] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the forwarding destination when the RIS performs forwarding is not limited to the example of the UE. For example, the RIS can forward to the BS or to other RISs. In this case, the RIS-MT determines the direction from the RIS (or RIS-MT) toward the forwarding destination and determines the reflection angle in the RIS based on the determined direction.

[0452] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" can be used interchangeably. Additionally, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" can also mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0453] In this disclosure, the terms notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be used interchangeably. Similarly, the terms support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be used interchangeably.

[0454] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can be interchanged. Similarly, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0455] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, etc. from the core network), or a combination thereof.

[0456] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0457] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0458] In this disclosure, aperture, antenna array, array, subarray (multiple antenna elements, part of an array), panel, RIS, RIS array, scattering element array, etc., can also be substituted for each other. In this disclosure, antenna, antenna element, scattering element, etc., can also be substituted for each other.

[0459] In this disclosure, NCR, RIS, NCR including RIS, network node, device, IAB, IAB-MT (Mobile Termination), IAB-DU (Distribution Unit), IAB-CU (Central Unit), terminal, base station, relay station, relay device, repeater, reflector, through-panel, RIS-NCR, RIS-type NCR, extended NCR, etc. can also be used interchangeably.

[0460] <Structure Diagram>

[0461] Figure 19 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station 100 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The base station 100 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 100 communicates wirelessly with a terminal 200 (see [link to terminal 200]). Figure 20 The transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 can also be collectively referred to as a communication unit. Furthermore, the control unit can also be referred to as a processing unit, processor, etc.

[0462] The transmitting unit 101 transmits the DL signal to the terminal 200. For example, the transmitting unit 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the control unit 103. For example, the DL signal may contain information indicating the scheduling related to the signal transmission of the terminal 200 (e.g., UL authorization), higher-level control information, etc.

[0463] For example, the transmitting unit 101 transmits various control signals (control signals for higher layers, etc.), reference signals, data signals, etc., as DL signals to the terminal 200 and / or the wireless device 300. The transmitting unit 101, for example, transmits various signals, channels, setting information, control information, etc., as described in the above embodiments, to the terminal 200 as DL signals.

[0464] For example, the transmitting unit 101 transmits information related to the control of the terminal 200 generated by the control unit 103 to the terminal 200. Furthermore, for example, the transmitting unit 101 transmits information related to the control of the wireless device 300 generated by the control unit 103 to the wireless device 300. Additionally, the transmitting unit 101 transmits data signals generated by the control unit 103 to the terminal 200.

[0465] The receiving unit 102 receives UL signals transmitted from the terminal 200. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives UL signals under the control of the control unit 103. In addition, the receiving unit 102 can also receive UL signals transmitted from the wireless device 300.

[0466] For example, receiving unit 102 receives signals containing terminal capability information (e.g., UE capability) of terminal 200, as well as various control signals, reference signals, data signals, etc., as UL signals from terminal 200. Furthermore, receiving unit 102 may also receive signals containing capability information (e.g., capability) of wireless device 300.

[0467] The control unit 103 controls all (communication) operations of the base station 100, including the transmission processing in the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing in the reception unit 102.

[0468] For example, control unit 103 acquires data and control information from higher layers and outputs it to transmitting unit 101. Furthermore, control unit 103 outputs data and control information received from receiving unit 102 to higher layers.

[0469] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources used in transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or UL signals based on signals (e.g., data and control information) received from the terminal 200 and / or data and control information obtained from higher layers. Information related to the allocated resources can be included in the control information sent to the terminal 200.

[0470] The control unit 103 performs operations other than sending and receiving as described in the above embodiments (in addition, these operations can also be performed by the sending unit 101 and / or the receiving unit 102).

[0471] In addition, the control unit 103 can also generate control information related to the forwarding operation of the wireless device 300. The control unit 103 can also transmit instructions (e.g., control information) related to the communication control of the wireless device 300 via the transmitting unit 101.

[0472] For example, control unit 103 determines control information for controlling the relay in antenna unit 304 based on a first direction, which is from antenna unit 304 that relays signals to terminal 200 (an example of a wireless communication device) (see [link]). Figure 21 (This is an example of an antenna device) facing the terminal 200. In this case, the transmitting unit 101 sends control information containing the antenna unit 304 to the wireless device 300 (see [reference]). Figure 21 The first direction corresponds, for example, to the UE direction observed from the RIS as described above. Furthermore, the control information corresponds, for example, to the reflection angle in the RIS as described above.

[0473] Figure 20 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a terminal 200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The terminal 200 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The terminal 200 communicates wirelessly with, for example, a base station 100 (see...). Figure 19 They communicate with each other. In addition, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 can also be collectively referred to as the communication unit.

[0474] The receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal transmitted from the base station 100. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0475] For example, the receiving unit 201 receives various control signals, reference signals, data signals, etc. from the base station 100 as DL signals. The receiving unit 201, for example, receives various signals, channels, setting information, control information, etc., as described in the above embodiments from the base station 100 as DL signals.

[0476] For example, receiving unit 201 receives signals from base station 100.

[0477] The transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 100. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0478] For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits signals containing information related to the processing capabilities of the terminal 200, various control signals, reference signals, data signals, etc., as UL signals to the base station 100.

[0479] The control unit 203 controls all (communication) operations of the terminal 200, including the receiving processing in the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting processing in the transmitting unit 202.

[0480] For example, control unit 203 acquires data and control information from higher layers and outputs it to transmitting unit 202. Furthermore, control unit 203 may output data and control information received from receiving unit 201 to higher layers, for example.

[0481] The control unit 203 performs operations other than sending and receiving as described in the above embodiments (in addition, these operations can also be performed by the receiving unit 201 and / or the sending unit 202).

[0482] Furthermore, the signal received by terminal 200 from base station 100 can be either a signal directly transmitted from base station 100 or a signal transmitted from base station 100 and forwarded by wireless device 300. Conversely, the signal sent by terminal 200 to base station 100 can be either directly received by base station 100 or forwarded by wireless device 300 and received by base station 100. In this case, terminal 200 does not need to distinguish whether the signal is forwarded by wireless device 300.

[0483] Figure 21This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless device 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device 300 corresponds to an example of a RIS and a RIS-MT. The wireless device 300 includes, for example, a control device 300a having a receiving unit 301, a transmitting unit 302, and a control unit 303; and an antenna unit 304. The control device 300a corresponds to a RIS-MT, and the antenna unit 304 corresponds to an antenna panel, an antenna device, or a RIS. The wireless device 300 is, for example, connected to a base station 100 (see...). Figure 19 ) and terminal 200 (see Figure 20 Communication is conducted wirelessly. Additionally, the receiving unit 301 and the transmitting unit 302 can also be collectively referred to as the communication unit.

[0484] The receiving unit 301 receives signals transmitted from the base station 100. Additionally, the receiving unit 301 receives signals transmitted from the terminal 200. For example, the receiving unit 301 receives signals under the control of the control unit 303. Furthermore, the received signals may include signals destined for the control device 300a.

[0485] The transmitting unit 302 transmits signals destined for the base station 100 to the base station 100. Additionally, the transmitting unit 302 transmits signals destined for the terminal 200 to the terminal 200. For example, the transmitting unit 302 transmits signals under the control of the control unit 303. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 302 may also transmit (or output) control information for controlling the antenna unit 304 to (or output to) the antenna unit 304.

[0486] The antenna unit 304 performs signal forwarding (or relaying) processing based on the control unit 303. In addition, the forwarding processing may include at least one of the following: forwarding a signal from the base station 100 destined for the terminal 200 to the terminal 200, and forwarding a signal from the terminal 200 destined for the base station 100 to the terminal 200.

[0487] The control unit 303 controls the entire (communication) operation of the wireless device 300, including the receiving process in the receiving unit 301, the transmitting process in the transmitting unit 302, and the forwarding process in the antenna unit 304.

[0488] For example, the control unit 303 determines control information for controlling the relay in the antenna unit 304 based on a first direction, which is from the antenna unit 304 (an example of an antenna device) relaying signals to the terminal 200 (an example of a wireless communication device) toward the terminal 200. This first direction corresponds, for example, to the UE direction observed from the RIS described above. Furthermore, the control information corresponds, for example, to the reflection angle in the RIS described above. In this case, the transmitting unit 302 can transmit the control information to the antenna unit 304.

[0489] The control unit 303 performs operations other than sending and receiving as described in the above embodiments (in addition, these operations can also be performed by the receiving unit 301 and / or the sending unit 302).

[0490] Furthermore, the wireless device 300 in this disclosure can be an example of a communication device. Additionally, the wireless device 300 in this disclosure can also be referred to as a relay device, a forwarding device, a relay, or other similar names. Furthermore, the wireless device 300 in this disclosure can also be replaced by a terminal 200 (e.g., a UE). For example, the wireless device 300 can also be understood as a terminal 200 with forwarding (or relay) functionality.

[0491] The above provides an explanation of this disclosure. Furthermore, the distinctions between items in the foregoing description of this disclosure are not substantial; items described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in other items (provided there is no contradiction).

[0492] <Hardware architecture, etc.>

[0493] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining one or more of the aforementioned devices with software.

[0494] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. Each of these functions is implemented in a way that is not particularly limited, as described above.

[0495] For example, the base station, terminal, and wireless device in one embodiment of this disclosure can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 22 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station, terminal, and wireless device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The base station 100, terminal 200, and wireless device 300 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0496] Additionally, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with circuit, equipment, unit, etc. The hardware structure of base station 100, terminal 200, and wireless device 300 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include some of the devices.

[0497] The functions of the base station 100, terminal 200, and wireless device 300 are implemented by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication based on communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0498] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 103, control unit 203, and control unit 303 described above can also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0499] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 203 of the terminal 200 can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated by the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks. Regarding the various processes described above, the case of execution by one processor 1001 has been described, but execution can also be performed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be installed using one or more chips. Additionally, the program can be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0500] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of ROM (Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0501] Storage 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of optical discs like CD-ROMs (Compact Disc ROMs), hard disk drives, floppy disks, optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs), smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, keydrives), floppy disks, and magnetic stripes. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The aforementioned storage medium may also be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0502] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may also be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmitting unit 101, receiving unit 102, receiving unit 201, transmitting unit 202, receiving unit 301, and transmitting unit 302 may also be implemented by the communication device 1004.

[0503] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., touch panel).

[0504] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0505] Furthermore, the base station 100, terminal 200, and wireless device 300 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also implement some or all of the functional blocks through this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0506] <Information notification and signaling>

[0507] The notification of information is not limited to the implementation methods described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, the notification of information may also be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Media Access Control) signaling, broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block)), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, RRC signaling may also be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.

[0508] <Application System>

[0509] The implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (New Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (Bluetooth (registered trademark)), systems utilizing other suitable systems, and at least one of next-generation systems based on these, which are extended, modified, created, or specified. Furthermore, multiple systems may be used in combination (e.g., a combination of LTE and at least one of LTE-A with 5G, etc.).

[0510] <Processing procedures, etc.>

[0511] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the methods described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate the elements of various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0512] <Base Station Operation>

[0513] In this disclosure, specific operations performed by the base station are sometimes also performed through its upper nodes, depending on the circumstances. Clearly, in a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations for communication with terminals can be performed by at least one of the base station and other network nodes besides the base station (e.g., consider MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above illustration shows a case where there is one other network node besides the base station, but it can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0514] <Direction of input / output>

[0515] Information (see the section on <Information, Signals>) can be output from a higher (or lower) layer to a lower (or higher) layer. It can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0516] Processing of input and output information, etc.

[0517] The input and output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. The input and output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0518] <Judgment Method>

[0519] The determination can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (Boolean: true or false), or by a comparison of values ​​(e.g., by comparison with a specific value).

[0520] <Changes in methods, etc.>

[0521] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually, in combination, or interchangeably. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of "for X") is not limited to explicit notification; it can also be implicit (e.g., not notifying of that specific information).

[0522] The present disclosure has been described in detail above; however, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is intended for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be limiting.

[0523] <Software>

[0524] Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, program, subroutine, software module, application, software application, software package, routine, subroutine, object, executable file, execution thread, sequence, function, etc.

[0525] Furthermore, software, commands, and information can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, and digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technologies (such as infrared and microwave), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0526] <Information, Signals>

[0527] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using any of a wide variety of different technologies. For example, data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., mentioned in the foregoing description can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0528] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be substituted with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0529] <Systems, Networks>

[0530] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0531] <Parameters, Channel Name>

[0532] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by an index.

[0533] The names used in the above parameters are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0534] <base station>

[0535] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Base stations are sometimes also referred to as macro cells, small cells, femtocells, and picocells.

[0536] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its coverage area can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or the entire coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area. In this disclosure, the base station transmitting information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / operation.

[0537] <Mobile Station>

[0538] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS),” “user terminal,” “user equipment (UE),” and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0539] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0540] <Base station / Mobile station>

[0541] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be equipment mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object whose speed of movement is arbitrary. In addition, it naturally includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, for example, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, autonomous two-wheelers, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trailers, rickshaws, ships (boats and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones (registered trademark), multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them, and is not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., vehicles, airplanes, etc.), a mobile body that moves unmanned (e.g., drones, autonomous vehicles, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that is not necessarily mobile during the communication operation. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0542] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a terminal. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures that replace communication between the base station and the terminal with communication between multiple terminals (e.g., also referred to as D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the terminal 200 and the wireless device 300 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 100 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be replaced by terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be replaced by side channel.

[0543] Similarly, the terminal in this disclosure can also be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station 100 and the relay station 300 can also be configured to have the functions of the terminal 20 described above.

[0544] exist Figure 23 The diagram shows a structural example of vehicle 2001. For example... Figure 23 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0545] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, as an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to steer at least one of the front and rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0546] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021-2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input into the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0547] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include the following: current signal from current sensor 2021 which senses the current of the motor; speed signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022; air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023; vehicle speed signal obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024; acceleration signal obtained by acceleration sensor 2025; accelerator pedal depress amount signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029; brake pedal depress amount signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026; shift lever operation signal obtained by shift lever sensor 2027; and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0548] The information service unit 2012 consists of various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0549] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0550] The driver assistance system unit 2030 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning detectors (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-resolution (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 2030 sends and receives various information via a communication module 2013 and implements driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0551] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the constituent elements of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 and sensors 2021-29 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0552] The communication module 2013 can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information wirelessly with external devices. The communication module 2013 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0553] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit to an external device at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2029 described above, information obtained based on these signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can also contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0554] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic light information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 2012 of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0555] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0556] <Meaning and Explanation of Terms>

[0557] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" can include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining. Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" can include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in a storage device). Additionally, "determining" or "determining" can include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing. That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include situations where certain actions are regarded as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0558] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connection or combination between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connected” can also be replaced by “access.” In the context of this disclosure, it is possible to consider two elements being mutually “connected” or “coupled” using at least one or more wires, cables, or printed electrical connections, and, as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, being mutually “connected” or “coupled” using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (both visible and invisible) region.

[0559] <Reference Signal>

[0560] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and can also be called a pilot according to the applied standard.

[0561] <The meaning of "based on">

[0562] In the present disclosure, the description of "based on" used herein, unless specifically stated otherwise, does not mean "only based on". In other words, the description of "based on" means both "only based on" and "at least based on".

[0563] <"First", "Second">

[0564] Any reference to elements using designations such as "first", "second", etc. used in the present disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations can be used in the present disclosure as a convenient method for distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, the reference to the first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be adopted, or that the first element must be prior to the second element in a certain form.

[0565] <Component>

[0566] In the structure of each of the above devices, "component" can also be replaced with "part", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0567] <Open form>

[0568] In the present disclosure, when using "include", "including", and their variants, these terms, like the term "comprising", have an inclusive meaning. Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure does not mean the exclusive or meaning.

[0569] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame structure>

[0570] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. One or more frames in the time domain can also be referred to as sub-frames. Further, a sub-frame can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A sub-frame can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the numerology.

[0571] A parameter set can also be a set of communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0572] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0573] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0574] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also be referred to by their respective other names.

[0575] For example, a subframe can also be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0576] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0577] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0578] In addition, where one time slot or one mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0579] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), standard TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, standard subframe, long subframe, time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), shortened subframe, short subframe, mini time slot, sub-time slot, time slot, etc.

[0580] In addition, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of more than 1ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of less than long TTIs but more than 1ms.

[0581] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0582] Furthermore, the time domain of an RB can also contain one or more symbols, or it can be the length of a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0583] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB Pair, RB Pair, etc.

[0584] Furthermore, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0585] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0586] A BWP can also include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. For a UE, one or more BWPs can be set within a single carrier.

[0587] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Furthermore, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" in this disclosure can be replaced with "BWP".

[0588] The structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0589] Maximum transmit power

[0590] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure can mean the maximum value of the transmit power, or it can refer to the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power) or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0591] <article>

[0592] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0593] "Differences"

[0594] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0595] Industrial availability

[0596] One aspect of this disclosure is useful for wireless communication systems.

[0597] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0598] 10 Wireless Communication Systems

[0599] 20 NG-RAN

[0600] 100 base stations (gNB)

[0601] 200 Terminals (UEs)

[0602] 300 wireless devices

[0603] 300a Control Device

[0604] Transmitting units 101, 202, and 302

[0605] Receiver units 102, 201, and 301

[0606] 103, 203, 303 Control Units

[0607] 1001 processor

[0608] 1002 Memory

[0609] 1003 Memory

[0610] 1004 Communication device

[0611] 1005 Input Device

[0612] 1006 Output Device

[0613] 1007 bus.

Claims

1. A control device comprising: The control unit determines control information for controlling the relay in the antenna device based on a first direction, the first direction being from the antenna device relaying signals transmitted to the wireless communication device toward the wireless communication device; and The transmitting unit sends the control information to the antenna device.

2. The control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The control unit determines a second direction from the control device toward the wireless communication device based on the processing results of beam scanning for the wireless communication device, and determines the first direction based on the second direction and the positional relationship between the control device and the antenna device.

3. The control device as described in claim 1, wherein, The control unit obtains information indicating the first direction from other control devices connected to the antenna device.

4. The control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The control unit estimates the position of the wireless communication device based on a plurality of first directions, and determines the control information based on the position, the plurality of first directions being directed toward the wireless communication device from each of the plurality of antenna devices.

5. A wireless communication system, comprising: Wireless communication devices; An antenna device for relaying signals transmitted to the wireless communication device; and Control device, controls the antenna device. The control device includes: The control unit determines control information for controlling the relay in the antenna device based on a first direction from the antenna device toward the wireless communication device; and The transmitting unit sends the control information to the antenna device.

6. A control method, wherein, The control device determines control information for controlling the relay in the antenna device based on a first direction, wherein the first direction extends from the antenna device relaying signals transmitted to the wireless communication device toward the wireless communication device. The control information is sent to the antenna device.

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