Charging system based on station-box transformer substation-pile three-layer structure and dynamic power distribution method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a charging system based on a station-box transformer substation-pile three-layer structure and a dynamic power distribution method thereof, and relates to the technical field of power electronics and energy internet. The method comprises the following steps: when a power load change is detected, determining an initial power quota of each box-type power transformation unit in a station according to a power constraint condition and box-type power transformation aggregation state information at the current moment, and determining initial power distribution of each charging pile according to each initial power quota and subordinate pile-level power state information; if the power request is not met and the station-level residual power exists, the recycled unused power is distributed to the charging pile again, and the operation is cyclically executed until the power redistribution condition is not met; and determining the charging pile distribution power according to the initial power distribution and the supplementary power distribution. The problem that the charging requirement of a user is difficult to meet in the prior art can be solved, the power utilization rate of the charging station is remarkably improved on the premise that the upper limits of all levels and safety constraints of the charging system are guaranteed, and the response speed to the load terminal is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of power electronics and energy internet technology, and in particular to a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile and its dynamic power distribution method. Background Technology

[0002] A charging system is an energy supply network that safely and controllably transmits grid power to power load terminals (such as electric vehicles) through multi-stage power conversion and distribution. It employs a three-tiered topology: station (charging station) - transformer substation (box-type substation unit) - charging pile (charging pile). However, related technologies suffer from low power utilization, overload risk, and response lag during power distribution, making it difficult to meet user charging needs.

[0003] Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the upper limits and safety constraints of each level of the charging system, significantly improving the power utilization rate of the charging station and enhancing the response speed to the load terminal are technical problems that need to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile and its dynamic power allocation method, which can take into account both the upper limit of the total power of the charging system and the real-time needs of the downstream equipment. Under the premise of ensuring the upper limit and safety constraints of each level of the charging system, it can significantly improve the power utilization rate of the charging station and enhance the response speed to the load terminal.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution: This application provides a dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile, including: When a change in the power load of the target charging station is detected, the pile-level power status information, transformer aggregation status information, and power constraint conditions of the target charging station at the current moment are obtained. Based on the power constraint conditions and the transformer aggregation status information, the initial power quota of each transformer substation unit in the station is determined, and the initial power allocation of each charging pile is determined based on each initial power quota and the subordinate pile-level power status information. If the power request of at least one target charging pile is not met and there is residual power at the station level, the unused power recovered from each charging pile in the station is used to supplement the power allocation for the target charging pile. The supplementary power allocation operation is performed cyclically until the power reallocation condition is no longer met. Based on the initial power allocation and at least one supplementary power allocation, power is allocated to the corresponding charging pile in the station.

[0007] This application, in another aspect, provides a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-charging pile and its dynamic power allocation method, including a control system and a power supply system; the control system implements the steps of the dynamic power allocation method for the charging system based on the three-layer structure of station-substation-charging pile; the power supply system includes at least one charging station, each charging station includes at least one substation unit, and each substation unit includes at least one charging pile; the control system includes a station-level control layer, a substation control layer, a charging pile-level execution layer, and a collaborative control layer, wherein the station-level control layer runs on the local controller of the charging station or in the cloud, and is used to ensure... The system defines the power allocation information at the box level for each box-type substation unit; the box-type substation control layer (e.g., embedded software) runs on the box-type substation edge controller corresponding to each box-type substation unit, and is used to determine the power allocation information at the pile level for subordinate charging piles; the pile-level execution layer (e.g., firmware) exists in the corresponding charging pile, and is used to upload real-time requested power, pile-level remaining power, and pile-level missing power; the collaborative control layer and the station-level control are co-located in the local controller of the charging station or in the cloud, or are located at the box-type substation edge controller, and are used to complete the remaining power recovery function, safety event handling function, or parameter configuration function between the station level and the box-type substation level.

[0008] The advantages of the technical solution provided in this application are that by real-time detection of power load changes at the target charging station and simultaneous acquisition of power status and constraint information at the pile level, transformer substation, and station level, dynamic perception of the system's operating status is achieved. Based on the power upper limit constraint and the transformer substation aggregation status, initial power quotas are allocated to each transformer substation, and initial power allocation to the charging piles is completed based on the quotas and pile-level status. This ensures that the power allocation is within equipment safety limits and closely matches actual needs. Furthermore, by recovering unused power and cyclically supplementing the allocation to target charging piles that have not met their power requests, dynamic recovery and reconfiguration of power resources are achieved, effectively improving the power utilization efficiency within the station. Finally, by comprehensively considering the initial allocation and supplementary allocation results, appropriate power is allocated to the charging piles, enabling the system to adapt to real-time load fluctuations while meeting multi-level safety constraints, optimizing overall power supply capacity and response speed, effectively shortening the waiting time at the load terminal, and improving the user experience. In addition, the charging system has corresponding advantages.

[0009] The technical features mentioned above, those to be mentioned below, and those shown individually in the accompanying drawings can be arbitrarily combined, as long as the combined technical features are not contradictory. All feasible combinations of features are the technical content explicitly described in this application. Any one of the multiple sub-features contained in the same statement can be applied independently, without necessarily being applied together with other sub-features.

[0010] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the hardware composition framework applicable to the dynamic power allocation method of the charging system based on the three-layer structure of station-substation-pile provided in this application; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile provided in this application; Figure 3 A structural framework diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the dynamic power device for a three-layer charging system provided in this application; Figure 4 A structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the electronic device provided in this application; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in the specification and the aforementioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The term "exemplary" means "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0014] A charging system is an energy supply network that safely and controllably transmits grid power to load terminals (such as electric vehicles) through multi-stage power conversion and distribution. To meet the charging needs of large-scale loads, it adopts a three-level topology: station (i.e., charging station) - transformer substation (i.e., prefabricated substation unit) - charging pile (i.e., charging pile). A charging station can contain multiple transformer substation units (referred to as transformer substations), and each transformer substation can contain multiple charging piles. For example, a charging station (S) can contain 4 transformer substations (B1-B4), each B substation has 2 pile groups, and each pile group contains 12 charging piles (P). The charging system has a station-level total power limit, a transformer substation capacity limit, and a charging pile maximum power limit. The station-level total power limit refers to the limited total power connected to the grid by the entire charging station. The transformer substation capacity limit refers to the rated capacity of each transformer substation, which limits the total power of all charging piles connected to it. The charging pile maximum power limit refers to the maximum output power limit of a single charging pile. Constrained by station-level power supply capacity, power distribution topology, and equipment safety limits, a problem that charging systems need to solve is to achieve refined, interpretable, and practical power allocation within the three-layer structure of station S—substation B—pile P.

[0015] Related technologies for power distribution in charging systems are based on simple control or static power sharing. Simple control, such as single-level control or two-level power distribution, only considers the total power at the station level, a single substation / pile, or only prediction and queuing scheduling, ignoring hierarchical coupling. With simple control, when some piles are idle or under low load, their respective substations or stations still have surplus power, but this cannot be used by other high-demand areas. When multiple piles under a single substation are charging at high power simultaneously, it can easily exceed the substation's capacity, leading to tripping or equipment damage. Static power sharing simply distributes power evenly to all piles without considering real-time demand differences. It cannot quickly respond to vehicle connection / disconnection or changes in charging demand, resulting in unreasonable power distribution or safety hazards. Therefore, these technologies struggle to balance the total power limit with the real-time needs of downstream equipment, resulting in low utilization, overload risks, and response lag.

[0016] To address the problems existing in related technologies, this application proposes a dynamic power allocation method for a three-layer charging system (charging station S, prefabricated substation unit B, and charging pile P): By real-time detection of power load changes at the target charging station and simultaneous acquisition of power status and constraint information at the pile level, substation level, and station level, an initial power quota is allocated to each substation based on the power upper limit constraint and the substation aggregation status. Unused power is recovered, and target charging piles with unmet power requests are cyclically replenished. The initial allocation and replenishment allocation results are combined to allocate appropriate power to the charging piles, achieving adaptive adjustment under multi-level power upper limit constraints. The optimization of power allocation addresses the lack of a three-tiered power coordination control mechanism in related technologies, which prevents reasonable power scheduling in multi-device systems. It also addresses the lack of a joint constraint between the power limits of each level of equipment and the total station-level power limit, leading to overload risks. Furthermore, it addresses the lack of feedback, recovery, and redistribution channels for requests and unused power from lower-level devices, resulting in low utilization. Additionally, it addresses the difficulty in flexibly balancing objective functions (maximum power supply / priority / fairness / minimum waiting time), insufficient response to dynamic events such as faults, load surges, and concurrent start-stops, and the lack of lightweight implementations that can be flexibly deployed on edge controllers / station-level controllers / cloud platforms.

[0017] The execution of the dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile depends on a specific application environment architecture or hardware architecture. This section describes the specific application environment architecture or hardware architecture. The following section will combine... Figure 1 Examples of possible application scenarios related to the technical solutions of this application are provided, which may include the following: A charging station serves as a power receiving and distribution center, comprising at least a power supply layer, a distribution layer, a terminal layer, and a control system. The control system includes at least a station-level control layer (software platform), a transformer substation control layer, a charging pile execution layer, and a collaborative control layer, serving the power batteries of electric vehicles. The power supply layer converts the grid voltage to a usable voltage for the charging equipment (e.g., 10kV to 380V), and includes at least the station-level main power distribution equipment (high-voltage incoming cabinet, metering cabinet, station service transformer, etc.) and a communication network (connecting all transformer substations and charging piles). The input side is the medium-voltage / high-voltage grid access point, drawing power from the public grid. The main power distribution equipment within the station determines the maximum usable total power limit of the entire charging station. The station-level control layer (software platform) monitors the operating status, power, and alarm information of all transformer substations and charging piles in real time. The power distribution layer adopts a three-tier topology: station-substation-charging pile level. The station level constrains the overall power supply capacity of the entire station; the substation level sets the power limit for a single substation; and the charging pile group level represents the cluster of charging piles under a single substation. The terminal layer includes charging pile groups and power modules, which are AC / DC or DC / DC converters. Electric vehicles are charged at these charging piles. The workflow is as follows: When an electric vehicle connects to a charging pile (P), the charging pile level execution layer reports the vehicle's demand and its own status. The substation control layer aggregates the demands and statuses of all its subordinate charging piles and reports them to the station-level control layer. The station-level control layer determines the corresponding power allocation for the charging piles within the charging station based on the dynamic power distribution method for the charging system based on the three-tier station-substation-charging pile structure provided in this application. The charging pile level execution layer adjusts the actual output power to the electric vehicle based on the received power allocation.

[0018] The control system collects and summarizes the real-time charging demand (vehicle power demand) of all charging piles and the capacity constraints of all transformer substations. It performs optimization calculations under the dual constraints of total power not exceeding the maximum available total power limit and the power of each transformer substation not exceeding the maximum allowable power of the transformer substation. Based on real-time demand (rather than simple averaging), it dynamically calculates and issues the optimal / allowable output power command for each charging pile. The goal is to maximize overall charging efficiency and service capacity, avoiding overload at any level. It continuously monitors the allocation results (actual power vs. set power, whether constraints are met) and adjusts subsequent allocation strategies based on feedback to achieve dynamic optimization. It ensures that the entire site does not exceed the maximum available total power limit at any time and takes protective measures in case of equipment malfunction or grid fluctuations. Furthermore, the control system can output the reasons for power allocation decisions, such as whether the current limiting of a certain charging pile is due to insufficient total power at the site level or insufficient capacity of its transformer substation.

[0019] Prefabricated substation units serve as voltage conversion and power branching nodes, converting high-voltage electricity (e.g., 10kV) from the upstream power grid or station-level distribution to the low-voltage electricity (e.g., 400V / 800V) required by charging piles. These prefabricated substation units are outdoor enclosures, comprising at least high-voltage switchgear, a transformer (which reduces the high-voltage electricity to the low-voltage electricity usable by the charging piles), low-voltage distribution switches, and protection equipment (providing overcurrent, short-circuit, and over-temperature protection to ensure the safety of themselves and their downstream equipment). They have a maximum power limit for a single prefabricated substation, determining the maximum load in a single area. Prefabricated substation units act as power distribution centers for specific areas, supplying power to a group (e.g., dozens) of charging piles. The rated capacity of their transformers (e.g., 630kVA, 1250kVA) represents the maximum permissible power of the prefabricated substation that can be used simultaneously by all the charging piles connected to it, and is one of the limitations on the safe operation of the charging station. The transformer substation control layer aggregates the status information and power demands of all charging piles connected to it and reports them to the station-level control layer. It receives and executes the total power allocation instructions for the transformer substation area issued by the station-level control layer (i.e., the sum of the power of all piles under the transformer substation cannot exceed the maximum allowable power and maximum available total power limit of the transformer substation). Charging piles serve as the interface between electrical energy conversion and vehicles. As physical charging devices, they directly connect to the load equipment for energy transmission, have a single pile output power limit, and determine the charging speed of a single load device. The pile-level execution layer monitors the battery status (SOC), maximum acceptable charging power, and charging status (start / stop / complete) of connected vehicles in real time. Based on the received power allocation instructions, it adjusts its actual output power (between 0 and its maximum power). It reports its own status (idle, connected, charging, power, fault, etc.) and vehicle demand information to the superior control layer.

[0020] It should be noted that the above application scenarios are only shown to facilitate understanding of the ideas and principles of this application, and the implementation methods of this application are not limited in any way. On the contrary, the implementation methods of this application can be applied to any applicable scenario. After introducing the technical solution of this application, various non-limiting embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. First, please refer to... Figure 2 According to the dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-charging pile provided in this application, it can be implemented as a computer program product, installed and run in the control system of the charging station or charging system, to implement the dynamic allocation of power resources connected from the public power grid to each charging pile. In some embodiments of the method, the method includes the following steps: S201: When a change in the power load of the target charging station is detected, obtain the pile-level power status information, transformer aggregation status information, and power constraint conditions of the target charging station at the current moment.

[0021] In this step, the target charging station is the charging station in the charging system that is currently undergoing dynamic power allocation. The entire charging system may include multiple charging stations or only one charging station; this does not affect the implementation of the present invention. Changes in power load may occur, such as a new electric vehicle connecting to the charging station, a vehicle disconnecting after charging, or a change in charging demand. The charging pile-level power status information includes at least the real-time requested power and the corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile within the station at the current moment. The real-time requested power refers to the power demand determined by the real-time interaction between the load terminal, such as an electric vehicle, and the charging pile. The rated maximum power is the maximum output power that the charging pile itself can withstand. That is, the charging pile-level power status information includes the real-time requested power (i.e., the power value currently required by the vehicle) and the rated maximum power (the maximum power that the equipment itself is allowed to output) of each charging pile within the entire target charging station (which can be simply referred to as the station). The transformer substation aggregation status information includes at least the transformer substation-level power request (i.e., the sum of the real-time requested power of all subordinate charging piles) of each transformer substation unit within the station and the corresponding maximum allowable power. The maximum allowable power is the maximum load power limited by the rated capacity of each transformer substation unit itself. In other words, the aggregated status information of the prefabricated substation includes the prefabricated substation unit's power request (i.e., the sum of the real-time power requests of all its subordinate charging piles) and the maximum allowable power of that prefabricated substation unit (i.e., its rated capacity). The power constraint conditions are power limitation rules set based on the S-B-P three-level structure of the charging system to ensure the safe operation of equipment at each level. For example, the sum of the power of all charging piles cannot exceed the current total available power limit of the target charging station, and the sum of the power of charging piles belonging to the same prefabricated substation unit cannot exceed the maximum allowable function of the prefabricated substation unit. These are safety rules that prevent the power of each level from exceeding the limit. Of course, to improve utilization, it can also include that the power utilization rate of each level cannot be lower than a specified threshold. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set these according to actual needs.

[0022] For example, using the power of each charging station as a variable, for ease of description, the power of a charging station can be expressed as... That is, the power of the j-th charging pile in the i-th box-type substation unit, and the corresponding power constraint condition can be: ;in, The real-time available power of the target charging station. This is the rated maximum power. To request power in real time, the following constraints apply when acquiring the real-time available power of the target charging station, the maximum allowable power of each prefabricated substation unit within the station, and the rated maximum power of each charging pile within the station: the sum of the power of all charging piles under all prefabricated substation units of the target charging station is less than or equal to the real-time available power of the target charging station; the power of all charging piles under the same prefabricated substation unit is less than or equal to the maximum allowable power of its respective prefabricated substation unit; the power of a single charging pile is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to its rated maximum power; and the power of a single charging pile is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the real-time requested power of that single pile. Under these constraints, the objective is to determine the maximum power supply (i.e., based on the maximum sum of the power of all charging piles under all prefabricated substation units of the target charging station). Based on the difference between the real-time requested power and the corresponding power of each charging pile, the unmet request amount for each charging pile is determined. The minimum unmet power request amount is determined by the minimum sum of the unmet requests of all charging piles under all substation units of the same charging station. Based on the power of each charging pile and its corresponding power weight, the weighted power of each charging pile is determined. The weighted priority is then determined by the maximum sum of the weighted power of all charging piles under all substation units within the same charging station. ).

[0023] S202: Based on the power constraints and the aggregation status information of the box-type substation, determine the initial power quota of each box-type substation unit in the station, and determine the initial power allocation of each charging pile based on the initial power quota and the power status information of the subordinate pile level.

[0024] The initial power quota is the initial power allocation given to each prefabricated substation unit based on power constraints and substation status. This step calculates and determines an initial power quota for each prefabricated substation unit within the station based on the obtained power constraints (such as the station-level total power limit) and the aggregated status information of each prefabricated substation unit (such as maximum allowable power and aggregated power requests). This quota is the first-stage power budget allocated to the prefabricated substation unit at the station level. Then, within its obtained initial power quota, each prefabricated substation unit determines an initial power allocation value for each charging pile based on the pile-level power status information (real-time requested power and rated maximum power) of its subordinate charging piles.

[0025] S203: If at least one target charging pile's power request is not met and there is remaining power at the station level, the unused power recovered from each charging pile in the station will be used to supplement the target charging pile's power allocation again. This supplementary allocation operation will be performed repeatedly until the power reallocation conditions are no longer met.

[0026] The supplementary power allocation process involves recovering unused power and redistributing it to charging stations with power demand gaps. The power redistribution condition is the existence of charging stations with unmet power requests and the presence of station-level surplus power. After the initial allocation in S202, a cyclical judgment process begins: if at least one charging station's actual power request is not fully met (i.e., a power gap exists), and there is still unused surplus power at the charging station level, the supplementary allocation process is initiated. First, allocated but unused power (i.e., unused power) is recovered from all charging stations within the station, and this recovered power is aggregated to form station-level redistributable resources. Then, this recovered power is redistributed to the target charging stations whose power requests are not met. This is an iterative process that continuously judges conditions and executes supplementary allocation operations until a specified termination condition is reached (e.g., all surplus power has been allocated, all charging station requests have been met, or the maximum number of iterations has been reached), at which point the power redistribution condition is no longer met.

[0027] S204: Allocate power to the corresponding charging piles within the station based on the initial power allocation and at least one supplementary power allocation.

[0028] For each charging station, step S202 involves summing the initial power allocation for each charging station with the supplementary power allocation obtained in one or more cycles of step S203 to obtain the final power value that the charging station should be allocated. Finally, the charging system allocates power to the corresponding charging stations within the station based on this synthesized result, and the charging stations execute this power setting to charge the load terminals, such as electric vehicles.

[0029] In the technical solution provided in this application embodiment, by real-time detection of power load changes at the target charging station and simultaneous acquisition of power status and constraint information at the pile level, transformer substation, and station level, dynamic perception of the system's operating status is achieved. Then, based on the power upper limit constraint and the transformer substation aggregation status, initial power quotas are allocated to each transformer substation. Based on the quotas and pile-level status, the initial power allocation for the charging piles is completed, ensuring that the power allocation is within equipment safety limits and closely matches actual needs. Furthermore, by recovering unused power and cyclically supplementing the allocation to target charging piles that do not meet power requests, dynamic recovery and reconfiguration of power resources are achieved, effectively improving the power utilization efficiency within the station. Finally, by comprehensively considering the initial allocation and supplementary allocation results, appropriate power is allocated to the charging piles, enabling the system to adapt to real-time load fluctuations while meeting multi-level safety constraints, optimizing overall power supply capacity and response speed, effectively shortening the waiting time at the load terminal, and improving the user experience.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides a method for fairly and efficiently allocating the total station-level power among various transformer substations in the initial stage. This embodiment introduces a hybrid weighting factor, which can flexibly balance the power supply capacity (equipment capacity) of the transformer substations with the actual charging demand, and achieve a more reasonable initial quota calculation, which may include the following: For each prefabricated substation unit within the station, the unit's power-to-unit ratio is determined based on its maximum allowable power and the sum of the maximum allowable power of all prefabricated substation units in the charging station. A trade-off factor between the power supply capacity and demand orientation of the current prefabricated substation unit is obtained, and the ideal power quota for the current prefabricated substation unit is derived based on this trade-off factor and its power-to-unit ratio. Finally, the unit's power-to-unit ratio is determined based on its power-to-unit request and the sum of the power-to-unit requests of all prefabricated substation units in the charging station. Information on the proportion of charging demand at the box level; determining the reverse factor based on the difference between the maximum value of the trade-off factor and the trade-off factor; obtaining the actual power request of the current box-type substation based on the reverse factor and the current box-type substation's proportion of charging demand; determining the power weight of the current box-type substation based on the ideal power quota and the actual power request of the current box-type substation; and using the minimum value among the maximum allowable power of the current box-type substation, the maximum total available power of the charging station to which it belongs, and the power weight of the box-type substation as the initial power quota of the current box-type substation.

[0031] The information includes: **Box-level power ratio:** The maximum allowable power of a single box-type substation unit is the ratio of the sum of the maximum allowable power of all box-type substation units within the station. **Balance factor:** The value ranges from [0, 1] and is used to adjust the weighting of supply capacity orientation and demand orientation in power allocation. **Ideal power quota:** The theoretical power quota is calculated based on the supply capacity of the box-type substation unit. **Box-level charging demand ratio:** The box-level power request of a single box-type substation unit is the ratio of the sum of the box-level power requests of all box-type substation units within the station. **Balance reverse factor:** Corresponding to the balance factor, it is used to adjust the weighting of demand orientation in power allocation. **Actual power request:** The power demand is calculated based on the real-time charging demand of the box-type substation unit. **Power weight:** The weight value used to calculate the initial power quota, considering both the supply capacity and real-time demand of the box-type substation unit. **Maximum total available power:** The upper limit of the total power connected to the grid by the charging station.

[0032] In this embodiment, firstly, the weight of the transformer based on power supply capacity is calculated: the maximum allowable power of the transformer is divided by the sum of the maximum allowable power of all transformers in the entire station to obtain its transformer-level power ratio information, which reflects the capacity ratio of the transformer. Secondly, the above capacity ratio is multiplied by a configurable trade-off factor to obtain the ideal power quota of the transformer under capacity guidance. Then, the weight of the transformer based on real-time demand is calculated: the transformer-level power request is divided by the sum of the transformer-level power requests of all transformers in the entire station to obtain its transformer-level charging demand ratio information. Then, the actual power request of the transformer under demand guidance is obtained by multiplying this demand ratio by the trade-off inverse factor related to the trade-off factor. Next, the above ideal power quota is added to the actual power request to obtain the final power weight of the transformer, which integrates equipment capacity and real-time demand. Finally, the minimum value of these two items is taken as the initial power quota of the transformer: the product of the transformer's own maximum allowable power, the maximum total available power of the entire station, and the transformer's power weight. This step ensures that the power allocated to any transformer does not exceed its own capacity and the total station capacity.

[0033] For example, the initial power quota of each prefabricated substation unit in the station can be determined by calling the initial power quota calculation formula. The initial power quota calculation formula can be: , ; In the formula, For the i-th box-type substation unit The initial power quota, Let i be the maximum allowable power of the i-th prefabricated substation unit. Let i be the power weight of the i-th prefabricated substation unit. The unit-level power request for the i-th prefabricated substation unit. For the box-level power request of the kth box-type substation unit, The maximum total available power of the target charging station. Let be the maximum allowable power of the k-th prefabricated substation unit, and k be the total number of prefabricated substation units. To balance factors, a trade-off between control capability-oriented and demand-oriented approaches is possible, allowing for the configuration of regional priorities or N-1 redundancy weights.

[0034] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment achieves flexible adaptation between power supply capacity and real-time demand through a trade-off factor, and realizes configurability of the allocation strategy. When the trade-off factor is close to 1, the allocation is more inclined towards the transformer substation capacity, which is suitable for ensuring the safety margin of the equipment; when the trade-off factor is close to 0, the allocation is more inclined towards real-time demand, which can quickly respond to hotspot areas. The allocation of the initial power quota is closer to the actual application scenario, which can avoid the neglect of demand caused by simply allocating according to capacity, or the overload risk caused by simply allocating according to demand, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of subsequent power allocation. Based on the above embodiment, this application also provides how to quickly and fairly allocate power to subordinate charging piles within the transformer substation quota, which can automatically adapt to the differentiated demand limits of different charging piles, including the following: Initialize the power of all charging piles in the charging station; for each charging pile, take the minimum value of the real-time requested power and the corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile as the allocation freeze power of the charging pile; according to the iteration process of each pile level, allocate power to each charging pile in the way of preset pile power single increment value until the corresponding allocation freeze power is reached; when the initial power quota of each box-type substation is exhausted or all charging piles have reached the allocation freeze power, the initial power allocation of each charging pile is obtained.

[0035] The allocated frozen power refers to the smaller of the charging pile's real-time requested power and its rated maximum power, which is the maximum allocated power that the charging pile can accept. The single power increase value is the fixed power amount added to the charging pile each time during the iterative allocation process.

[0036] In this embodiment, firstly, the current allocated power of all charging piles under the transformer substation is initialized to zero. An allocation freeze power is calculated for each charging pile, which is the smaller of its real-time requested power and its rated maximum power. Accordingly, when the allocated power of a charging pile reaches this freeze power, it will no longer participate in the current allocation round because its demand or equipment limit has been met. Subsequently, an iterative allocation process begins. In each iteration, the system sets a small power increment (i.e., the single increase in pile power λ) and attempts to simultaneously increase this increment for all charging piles that have not yet reached their allocation freeze power. When the cumulative allocated power of a charging pile reaches its allocation freeze power, the pile is frozen and exits subsequent iterations. The iteration continues until either of the following conditions is met: the initial power quota of the transformer substation is exhausted, or all its charging piles have reached their respective allocation freeze power. Finally, the cumulative power value obtained by each charging pile at the end of the iteration is its corresponding initial power allocation.

[0037] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment achieves accurate initial power allocation based on the individual capabilities and needs of the charging pile, ensuring that the power allocation does not exceed the charging pile's capacity, while maximizing the use of the initial power quota of the box-type substation unit and reducing power waste in the initial allocation stage.

[0038] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention further specifies how to determine the initial power allocation of each charging pile according to the initial power quota and the power status information of the subordinate charging piles, and clarifies how to quantify unused power and power gap, accurately calculate the power margin and demand gap after the initial allocation, and provide accurate input data for subsequent recycling and redistribution, which may include the following: Based on the initial power quota of each prefabricated substation unit, the initial power allocation of each charging pile is determined according to the real-time power request and corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile. The difference between the initial power allocation of each charging pile and the corresponding actual power consumed is taken as the unused power value, and the pile-level power surplus of each charging pile is determined according to the maximum value between the unused power value of each charging pile and the first preset value. The difference between the real-time requested power and the actual power consumed of each charging pile is taken as the requested usage amount, and the pile-level power shortage of each charging pile is determined according to the maximum value between the requested usage amount of each charging pile and the second preset value. Based on the pile-level power surplus of each charging pile, it is determined whether there is station-level surplus power, and based on the pile-level power shortage of each charging pile, it is determined whether there are target charging piles whose power requests have not been met.

[0039] Initial power allocation is the initial power quota allocated to a single charging pile based on the initial power allocation of the prefabricated substation unit. Actual power consumption is the power actually consumed by the charging pile after the initial power allocation; this value is affected by… and Limitations. Unused power value refers to the difference between the initial power allocation and the actual power consumed. Remaining power at the charging station level is the greater of the unused power value and a first preset value, representing the actual unused power. Requested usage is the difference between the charging station's real-time requested power and the actual power consumed. Power shortage at the charging station level is the greater of the requested usage and a second preset value, representing unmet power demand. The first and second preset values ​​can be flexibly selected according to actual needs; for example, they can be 0.

[0040] In this embodiment, firstly, based on the initial power quota of its respective box-type substation unit, an initial power allocation is calculated for each charging pile, representing the theoretically desired power to be used by the pile. Then, the unused power of each charging pile is calculated by comparing its initial power allocation with the power actually consumed or used after the initial allocation. The difference between the initial power allocation and the actual consumed power is taken, ensuring that this value is not less than zero, thus obtaining the pile-level power surplus (also called unused power). Next, the power gap for each charging pile is calculated by comparing its real-time requested power with its actual consumed power. The difference between the real-time requested power and the actual consumed power is taken, ensuring that this value is not less than zero, thus obtaining the pile-level power deficiency. Finally, by summing the pile-level power surplus of all charging piles, it is determined whether there is any station-level surplus power available for redistribution; simultaneously, by checking whether there are charging piles with a pile-level power deficiency greater than zero, it is determined whether there are any target charging piles whose power requests have not been met.

[0041] For example, for each transformer box In the initial quota Internal power supply pile Water level method: A1: Initialization .

[0042] A2: Iteratively increase the water level λ to increase the power of each pile by Δλ.

[0043] A3: To achieve The piles are frozen.

[0044] A4: Repeat until exhausted. Or all power poles may be frozen.

[0045] A5: Output for each charging station and .

[0046] in, The initial power allocation for the j-th charging pile under the i-th transformer substation. Let be the actual power consumed by the j-th charging pile under the i-th transformer. Let J be the remaining power capacity of the j-th charging pile under the i-th transformer. Let represent the power loss at the charging pile level of the j-th charging pile under the i-th transformer. The real-time requested power of the j-th charging pile under the i-th transformer substation.

[0047] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment not only completes the initial allocation, but also accurately measures the redundancy and gap generated after allocation. By clearly calculating the redundancy and gap, the power distribution can be clearly understood, which is beneficial for subsequent power recovery and accurate redistribution, and greatly improves the precision and efficiency of power scheduling.

[0048] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides how to perform secondary quota calculation for cross-substations at the station level, solving the problem of how to reasonably redistribute the recovered station-level surplus power to each substation. This embodiment considers the remaining carrying capacity and weighted supplementary power allocation of each substation, which may include the following: The total station-level recoverable power is determined by summing the residual power of all charging piles within the target charging station. This total station-level recoverable power is the sum of the residual power of all prefabricated substation units within the target charging station. The pile group power of each prefabricated substation unit is determined by summing the power of all charging piles under each prefabricated substation unit. The allowable residual power of each prefabricated substation unit is determined by the difference between its maximum allowable power and the corresponding pile group power. The actual residual power of each prefabricated substation unit is determined by its weight value and the total station-level recoverable power. Finally, the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit is determined by the minimum of its actual residual power and the corresponding allowable residual power.

[0049] The total station-level recovered power refers to the sum of the remaining power at the pile level of all charging piles within the station, which is equivalent to the sum of the remaining power at the container level of all prefabricated substation units. The pile group power is the sum of the actual power consumed by all charging piles under a single prefabricated substation unit. The allowable remaining power value of the prefabricated substation refers to the difference between the maximum allowable power of the prefabricated substation unit and the power of the pile group. The actual remaining power value of the prefabricated substation refers to the product of the weight value of the prefabricated substation unit and the total station-level recovered power. The new power quota refers to the additional power quota obtained by the prefabricated substation unit during the supplementary allocation phase.

[0050] In this embodiment, firstly, the remaining power at the pile level of all charging piles is aggregated to obtain the total station-level recoverable power of the entire charging station, which is the sum of the remaining power at the transformer substation level. Secondly, for each transformer substation unit, the sum of the current power of all its subordinate charging piles is calculated, referred to as the pile group power. Then, the allowable remaining power value of each transformer substation is calculated. This is obtained by subtracting the current pile group power from its maximum allowable power, representing how much additional power the transformer substation can physically carry. Next, the actual remaining power value of each transformer substation is calculated, which is obtained by multiplying a dynamically updated weight value of the transformer substation by the total station-level recoverable power, representing the recoverable power it should receive based on a certain allocation strategy. Finally, a new power quota is determined for each transformer substation. The minimum value between the actual remaining power value and the allowable remaining power value of the transformer substation is taken to ensure that the secondary allocation of power does not cause any transformer substation to exceed its capacity limit.

[0051] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment realizes intelligent rescheduling of recovered power at the station level. The supplementary power allocation is based on the remaining carrying capacity and actual needs of the box-type substation unit. It not only simply allocates the remaining power on demand, but also strictly limits it to the real-time remaining capacity of each box-type substation, avoiding the risk of new local overload caused by secondary allocation. This makes the power recovery process both proactive and safe, and significantly improves the overall power utilization rate.

[0052] To further avoid the problem of high-demand, high-priority prefabricated substation units failing to receive sufficient supplementary power due to unreasonable weight settings in the supplementary power allocation, this embodiment also provides a dynamic calculation process for the weight values ​​of the prefabricated substations, which may include the following: For each prefabricated substation unit, the prefabricated substation unit's prefabricated substation power deficit is determined by summing the power deficit at the pile level of all charging piles under the current prefabricated substation unit; the prefabricated substation power allocation coefficient for each prefabricated substation unit is obtained, and the corresponding trade-off coefficient is determined based on the prefabricated substation unit's prefabricated substation power allocation coefficient; the prefabricated substation power allocation coefficient is determined based on the prefabricated substation unit's priority or weight; the prefabricated substation unit's prefabricated substation power deficit ratio is determined based on the sum of the prefabricated substation unit's prefabricated substation power deficit and the prefabricated substation power deficit of all prefabricated substation units in its charging station; the trade-off coefficient for the current prefabricated substation unit is obtained, and the trade-off coefficient is determined based on the current prefabricated substation unit's prefabricated substation power deficit ratio and the sum of the prefabricated substation unit's prefabricated substation power deficit. The ideal power deficit of the current prefabricated substation unit is obtained by analyzing the prefabricated substation unit's power deficit ratio. The prefabricated substation unit's power allocation ratio is determined by summing its power allocation coefficient with that of all prefabricated substation units in the charging station. A reverse weighting coefficient is determined based on the difference between the maximum and minimum weighting coefficients. The ideal power allocation coefficient of the current prefabricated substation unit is then obtained based on the reverse weighting coefficient and the prefabricated substation unit's power allocation ratio. Finally, the updated weight value of the current prefabricated substation unit is determined based on the ideal power deficit and the ideal power allocation coefficient.

[0053] The power deficit at the box level is the sum of the power deficits at the pile level of all charging piles under a single box-type substation. The power allocation coefficient is a weighted value set based on the service level, waiting time, and operational strategy of the box-type substation. The weighting coefficient ranges from [0, 1] and is used to adjust the proportion of power deficit and allocation coefficient in the weight calculation. The box-level power deficit ratio is the ratio of the box-level power deficit of a single box-type substation to the sum of the box-level power deficits of all box-type substations within the station. The ideal power deficit is a weighted component calculated based on the power deficit of the box-type substation. The box-level power allocation ratio is the ratio of the box-type substation power allocation coefficient of a single box-type substation to the sum of the box-type substation power allocation coefficients of all box-type substations within the station. The ideal power allocation coefficient is a weighted component calculated based on the allocation coefficient of the box-type substation. The updated weight value is obtained by combining the ideal power deficit and the ideal power allocation coefficient, and is used to supplement the power allocation weight value.

[0054] In this embodiment, for each prefabricated substation unit, the power deficit at the pile level of all its subordinate charging piles is first summed to obtain the prefabricated substation's power deficit at the substation level, reflecting the overall power gap in the substation's area. The system pre-sets or sets a substation power allocation coefficient for each prefabricated substation based on operational strategies (such as VIP areas, order prices, waiting times, etc.), representing its static priority. A configurable trade-off coefficient with a value between 0 and 1 is introduced to adjust the allocation bias. The weight calculation consists of two parts: Gap part: multiplied by the trade-off coefficient by the proportion of the prefabricated substation's power deficit at the substation level to the total gap of the entire station. When the trade-off coefficient is large, allocation is more inclined to fill the area with the largest gap. Priority part: multiplied by the trade-off inverse coefficient by the proportion of the prefabricated substation's static priority coefficient to the total priority of the entire station. When the trade-off coefficient is small, allocation is more inclined to areas with high service levels or high operational value. Adding these two parts yields the updated dynamic weight value for the prefabricated substation.

[0055] For example, the unused power of charging station S is obtained by summing up the remaining power at the pile level of all charging piles. The process can be represented as: Calculate the transformer box The power deficit at the box level can be expressed by the following formula: Determine the updated weights by calculating the secondary weights based on the following formula. : .

[0056] When all When =0, the first term is considered 0, and the weight is determined by... Decision; conversely, if all =0, allocate directly according to the gap ratio. This refers to the priority / weight of transformer substations, such as service level, waiting time, and operational strategies. ∈[0,1] represents the trade-off coefficient (gap priority or weight priority). Then, candidate secondary quotas are calculated, and finally allocated to the transformer substation. Secondary power allocation, also known as new power quotas The calculation is performed using the following formula, where... Service level, wait time weighting, etc. can be applied: .

[0057] As can be seen from the above, the weight value calculation in this embodiment takes into account both power gap and priority factors, ensuring that the supplementary power can be preferentially allocated to the prefabricated substation units with urgent needs and high priority, thereby improving the fairness and effectiveness of the supplementary power allocation.

[0058] Furthermore, after determining the new power quota for each transformer substation at the station level, this embodiment also provides a method for accurately allocating these quotas to charging piles in need within the transformer substation, addressing the efficiency and fairness issues of secondary quota allocation within the transformer substation. This may include the following: Based on the new power quota of each prefabricated substation unit, for at least one target charging pile with a power shortage at the pile level, the power shortage ratio of the target charging pile is determined according to the power shortage at the pile level corresponding to the target charging pile and the power shortage at the box level of the target prefabricated substation unit to which it belongs; candidate power allocations are determined according to the power shortage ratio of the target charging pile and the new power quota of the target prefabricated substation unit; the minimum value between the power shortage at the pile level of the target charging pile and the candidate power allocations is taken as the new power allocation of the target charging pile as a supplementary power allocation; the power allocation result of each target charging pile is determined according to the initial power allocation and the corresponding new power allocation.

[0059] The target charging pile is one with a power shortage at the pile level. The power shortage ratio is the ratio of the target charging pile's power shortage to the power shortage of its associated substation unit. The candidate power allocation is calculated based on the power shortage ratio and the new power quota for the substation unit, representing the power to be allocated to the target charging pile. The new power allocation is the supplementary power quota actually allocated to the target charging pile. The allocated power result is the sum of the initial power allocation and the new power allocation, representing the final power received by the charging pile.

[0060] In this embodiment, after determining the new power allocation for each prefabricated substation unit, the following steps are also included: For target prefabricated substations with power shortages, the obtained new power allocation needs to be distributed to the target charging piles under them that have pile-level power shortages. During allocation, firstly, the proportion of the shortage of each target charging pile to the total shortage of its target prefabricated substation is calculated, i.e., the power shortage ratio. Then, this ratio is multiplied by the new power allocation obtained by the target prefabricated substation to obtain a candidate power allocation value. Finally, the smaller value between the pile-level power shortage of the target charging pile itself and the above candidate power allocation value is taken as the final new power allocation obtained by the pile, ensuring that the supplementary allocation does not exceed the actual needs of the pile. The final power allocation result for each charging pile is obtained by adding its initial power allocation to the supplementary new power allocation.

[0061] For example, in the new power quota There are still power shortages in the charging piles. The repeated water level method allocates power piles with power gaps according to the gap ratio based on the following relationship: .

[0062] in, The target pile-level power loss amount. for The target box-level power deficit of the corresponding box-type substation unit. This indicates the supplementary power allocation for each pile under this transformer substation, and the final power allocation result for each pile under this transformer substation. This is obtained by accumulating the supplementary power allocation into the primary allocation: .

[0063] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment achieves precise on-demand allocation of supplementary power within the box-type substation unit, ensuring that charging piles with larger power gaps receive more supplementary power. This method is simple and direct to calculate, and can quickly convert the supplementary quota issued at the station level into power boosting instructions for specific charging piles, effectively reducing the power gap, improving user satisfaction, and further enhancing power utilization efficiency and allocation fairness.

[0064] To avoid the problem of residual power and unmet demand remaining after a single power allocation, resulting in suboptimal power utilization, this embodiment provides a process for maximizing station-level power utilization by iteratively approaching the optimal allocation, based on the above embodiments. This process may include the following: The system calculates the sum of the new power quotas for each prefabricated substation unit of the target charging station, and determines the station-level remaining power based on the difference between the sum of the new power quotas and the total station-level recovered power. If the power redistribution conditions are not met, the system calculates the sum of the power allocation results of the charging piles under each prefabricated substation unit in the previous station-level iteration process to obtain the current pile group power of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. Based on the difference between the maximum allowable power of each prefabricated substation unit and the corresponding current pile group power, the system determines the remaining power load of each prefabricated substation unit. For each charging pile in each prefabricated substation unit, the system calculates the current difference between the real-time requested power of the current charging pile and its current power allocation result in the previous iteration process, and then calculates the remaining power load of each prefabricated substation unit. The maximum value between the three preset values ​​and the current difference is taken as the current pile power shortage of the current charging pile. Based on the sum of the current pile power shortages of the charging piles under each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, the current box power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process is determined. Based on the current box power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, the current ideal power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process is determined. Based on the current ideal power shortage and its corresponding current ideal power allocation coefficient, the current weight update value of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process is determined. Finally, based on the current weight update value of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process and the station-level remaining... Power, determine the candidate value of the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process; based on the minimum value between the candidate value of the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process and the remaining power load, take the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process; according to the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, redistribute power to each current target charging pile that had a pile-level power shortage in the previous iteration process, and take the sum of the power allocation result of each current target charging pile in the previous iteration process and the redistribution amount as the power allocation result of each current target charging pile in the current iteration process; based on The maximum value between the power allocation result and the actual power consumed by each charging pile in the current iteration process and the first preset value is used to determine the pile-level power surplus of each charging pile in the current iteration process; the maximum value between the real-time requested power and the actual power consumed by each charging pile in the current iteration process and the second preset value is used to determine the pile-level power shortage of each charging pile in the current iteration process; if the station-level surplus power is less than or equal to the preset station-level allowable surplus threshold, or all box-type substation units have reached the corresponding maximum allowable power, or the station-level iteration number has reached the preset station-level maximum iteration number, then based on the power allocation result of the charging pile corresponding to the last iteration, the corresponding power is allocated to each charging pile in the charging station.

[0065] Among them, the station-level remaining power is the difference between the total station-level recovered power and the sum of the new power quotas of each prefabricated substation unit. The current charging pile group power is the sum of the power allocation results of the charging piles under the prefabricated substation unit in the previous iteration. The remaining power load is the difference between the maximum allowable power of the prefabricated substation unit and the current charging pile group power, i.e., the additional power that the prefabricated substation unit can still bear. The current difference refers to the difference between the real-time requested power of the charging pile and the allocation result of the previous iteration. The current charging pile power shortage is the larger value between the current difference and the third preset value, i.e., the unmet power demand of the charging pile in the current iteration. The third preset value is a custom value that can be flexibly selected according to actual needs and is not limited to 0. The current prefabricated substation power shortage refers to the sum of the current charging pile power shortages of all charging piles under the prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration. The current ideal power shortage is a weighted component calculated based on the current prefabricated substation unit's current prefabricated substation power shortage in the current iteration. The current ideal power allocation coefficient is a weighted component calculated based on the allocation coefficient of the prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration. The current weight update value is a weighted value obtained in the current iteration by combining the current ideal power shortage and the current ideal power allocation coefficient. The current new power quota candidate value is a candidate power quota calculated based on the current weight update value and the remaining power at the substation level in the current iteration. The current new power quota is the new power quota actually obtained by the prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration (i.e., the smaller value between the current new power quota candidate value and the remaining power load). The preset substation-level allowable remaining power threshold is the set minimum allowable remaining power at the substation level (e.g., 1kW). Iteration stops when the remaining power at the substation level is less than or equal to this value. The preset maximum number of iterations at the substation level is the maximum number of iterations set to avoid infinite loops (e.g., 5 times).

[0066] In this embodiment, after the secondary water level distribution within the transformer substation, the charging system may still have residual power at the station level. To further improve power utilization, the remaining power will be distributed among the unsaturated transformer substations in multiple rounds using the following iterative allocation method until the termination condition is met: B1: Calculate the station-level residual power according to the following formula: .

[0067] B2: If <= Or all transformer substations have reached their capacity limits. If the iteration count reaches the maximum limit, the iteration process stops; otherwise, B3 is executed.

[0068] Among them, when all transformer substations reach their capacity limit. Then the box-type substation unit Remaining power load It is 0, that is =0.

[0069] B3: Update the transformer status according to the formula. Calculate the remaining load-bearing capacity of each transformer substation. This indicates the current pile group power of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process.

[0070] B4: Statistical analysis of box-type substation units based on the following relationship. New box power loss: .

[0071] B5: Based on the new box power shortage and priority weight, calculate the new allocation coefficient according to the following formula: .

[0072] B6: According to the relational formula Calculation of box-type substation unit New power quota candidate values .

[0073] B7: According to the relational formula Calculate the corresponding new power quota for the current period .

[0074] B8: The internal iterative allocation process of the transformer substation is as follows: The water level distribution method will continue to be used inside the transformer substation. The additional power is allocated to charging stations with insufficient capacity. .

[0075] B9: According to the relation Update the cumulative power of each pile, and update the power gap and unused power, then proceed to the next round of iterative allocation.

[0076] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment achieves full utilization of the station-level surplus power through multiple rounds of iterative allocation. It breaks down large amounts of surplus power into smaller units and finds the transformer substations and charging piles that urgently need power in each round for allocation. This dynamically schedules each available power to the place where it is most needed, and theoretically, it can infinitely approach the global optimal solution under the current constraints, thereby maximizing the overall power utilization of the system.

[0077] It should be noted that there is no strict order of execution for the steps in this application. As long as they conform to a logical order, these steps can be executed simultaneously or in a certain preset order. Figure 2 This is just an illustrative example and does not mean that this is the only possible execution order.

[0078] This application also provides a corresponding device for the dynamic power allocation method of a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile, further enhancing the practicality of the method. The device can be described from both a functional module perspective and a hardware perspective. The following describes the dynamic power allocation device for a three-layer structure charging system provided by this application. This device is used to implement the dynamic power allocation method for a three-layer structure charging system provided by this application. In this embodiment, the dynamic power allocation device for a three-layer structure charging system may include or be divided into one or more program modules. These program modules are stored in a storage medium and executed by one or more processors, thus completing the dynamic power allocation method for a three-layer structure charging system based on a station-substation-pile disclosed in Embodiment 1. The program module referred to in this embodiment is a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which is more suitable than the program itself for describing the execution process of the power allocation device of the charging system in the storage medium. The following description will specifically introduce the functions of each program module in this embodiment. The dynamic power allocation device for a three-layer structure charging system described below can be referred to in correspondence with the dynamic power allocation method for a three-layer structure charging system based on a station-substation-pile described above.

[0079] From the perspective of functional modules, see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the dynamic power distribution device for a three-layer charging system provided in this embodiment, in one specific implementation. The device may include: The data acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the pile-level power status information, transformer aggregation status information and power constraint conditions of the target charging station at the current moment when a change in the power load of the target charging station is detected.

[0080] The initial allocation module 302 is used to determine the initial power quota of each prefabricated substation unit in the station based on the power constraint conditions and the aggregation status information of the prefabricated substation, and to determine the initial power allocation of each charging pile based on each initial power quota and the power status information of the subordinate charging piles; wherein, the charging pile power status information includes at least the real-time requested power and the corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile in the station at the current moment, and the prefabricated substation aggregation status information includes at least the prefabricated power request and the corresponding maximum allowable power of each prefabricated substation unit in the station.

[0081] The cyclic allocation module 303 is used to perform supplementary power allocation to the target charging piles again from the unused power recovered from each charging pile in the station if the power request of at least one target charging pile is not met and there is station-level surplus power. The supplementary allocation operation is performed cyclically until the power redistribution conditions are no longer met.

[0082] The power allocation result generation module 304 is used to allocate power to the corresponding charging piles in the station based on the initial power allocation and at least one supplementary power allocation.

[0083] For example, in some embodiments of this example, the initial allocation module 302 may also be used to: determine the box-level power ratio information of each box-type substation unit in the station based on the maximum allowable power of the current box-type substation unit and the sum of the maximum allowable power of all box-type substation units in the charging station; obtain a trade-off factor between the power supply capacity and demand orientation of the current box-type substation unit, and obtain the ideal power allocation of the current box-type substation unit based on the trade-off factor and the box-level power ratio information of the current box-type substation unit; and determine the ideal power allocation of the current box-type substation unit based on the box-level power request of the current box-type substation unit and the box-level power ratio information of all box-type substation units in the charging station. The sum of the rate requests is used to determine the proportion of charging demand at the box level for the current prefabricated substation unit; the difference between the maximum value of the trade-off factor and the trade-off factor is used to determine the reverse trade-off factor, and the actual power request of the current prefabricated substation unit is obtained based on the reverse trade-off factor and the proportion of charging demand at the box level for the current prefabricated substation unit; the power weight of the current prefabricated substation unit is determined based on the ideal power quota of the current prefabricated substation unit and the actual power request of the current prefabricated substation unit; the minimum value among the maximum allowable power of the current prefabricated substation unit, the maximum total available power of the charging station to which it belongs, and the power weight of the prefabricated substation unit is used as the initial power quota of the current prefabricated substation unit. For example, in some other embodiments of this embodiment, the initial allocation module 302 can also be used to: initialize the power of all charging piles in the charging station; for each charging pile, take the minimum value of the real-time requested power of each charging pile and the corresponding rated maximum power as the allocation freeze power of the charging pile; allocate power to each charging pile according to the method of allocating a preset pile power single increment value to each charging pile in each pile-level iteration process until the corresponding allocation freeze power is reached; when the initial power quota of each box-type substation unit is exhausted or all charging piles have reached the allocation freeze power, the initial power allocation of each charging pile is obtained.

[0084] For example, in some other embodiments of this embodiment, the initial allocation module 302 can also be used to: determine the initial power allocation of each charging pile based on the initial power quota of each box-type substation unit, according to the real-time power request of each charging pile and the corresponding rated maximum power; take the difference between the initial power allocation of each charging pile and the corresponding actual power consumed as the unused power value, and determine the pile-level power surplus of each charging pile according to the maximum value between the unused power value of each charging pile and a first preset value; take the difference between the real-time requested power and the actual power consumed as the requested usage amount of each charging pile, and determine the pile-level power shortage of each charging pile according to the maximum value between the requested usage amount of each charging pile and a second preset value; determine whether there is station-level surplus power according to the pile-level power surplus of each charging pile, and determine whether there is a target charging pile whose power request has not been met according to the pile-level power shortage of each charging pile.

[0085] For example, in some other embodiments of this embodiment, the data acquisition module 301 can also be used to: acquire the real-time available power of the target charging station, the maximum allowable power of each box-type substation unit in the station, and the rated maximum power of each charging pile in the station; the constraints of each charging pile in the target charging station are: the sum of the power of all charging piles under all box-type substation units of the target charging station is less than or equal to the real-time available power of the target charging station, the power of all charging piles under the same box-type substation unit is less than or equal to the maximum allowable power of the box-type substation unit, the power of a single charging pile is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the rated maximum power, and the power of a single charging pile is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the real-time requested power of a single pile.

[0086] For example, in some other embodiments of this embodiment, the above-mentioned cyclic allocation module 303 can also be used to: determine the total station-level recoverable power of the charging station based on the sum of the pile-level power surplus of all charging piles in the target charging station, wherein the total station-level recoverable power is the sum of the box-level power surplus of all box-type substations in the target charging station; determine the pile group power of each box-type substation based on the sum of the power of all charging piles under each box-type substation; determine the allowable residual value of the box-type substation power of each box-type substation based on the difference between the maximum allowable power of each box-type substation and the corresponding pile group power; determine the actual residual value of the box-type substation power of each box-type substation based on the weight value of each box-type substation and the total station-level recoverable power; and determine the new power quota of each box-type substation based on the minimum value of the actual residual value of the box-type substation power of each box-type substation and the corresponding allowable residual value of the box-type substation power.

[0087] As an exemplary implementation of the above embodiments, the cyclic allocation module 303 can be further configured to: determine the box-level power deficit of each box-type substation unit based on the sum of the pile-level power deficit of all charging piles under the current box-type substation unit; obtain the box-type substation power allocation coefficient of each box-type substation unit, and determine the corresponding trade-off coefficient based on the box-type substation power allocation coefficient of each box-type substation unit; the box-type substation power allocation coefficient is determined based on the priority or weight of the box-type substation unit; determine the box-level power deficit ratio information of the current box-type substation unit based on the sum of the box-level power deficit of the current box-type substation unit and the box-level power deficit of all box-type substation units of the charging station to which it belongs; obtain the trade-off coefficient of the current box-type substation unit. The system calculates the coefficients and, based on the trade-off coefficients and the current proportion of power deficit at the prefabricated substation level, obtains the ideal power deficit of the current prefabricated substation. It then determines the prefabricated substation level power allocation ratio by summing the current substation power allocation coefficient with the power allocation coefficients of all prefabricated substations in the associated charging station. Finally, it determines the updated weight value of the current prefabricated substation based on the difference between the maximum value and the trade-off coefficient.

[0088] As another exemplary implementation of the above embodiments, the above-mentioned cyclic allocation module 303 can be further used to: based on the new power quota of each box-type substation unit, for at least one target charging pile with a pile-level power shortage, determine the power shortage ratio of the target charging pile according to the target pile-level power shortage corresponding to the target charging pile and the target box-level power shortage of the target box-type substation unit to which it belongs; determine candidate power allocation according to the power shortage ratio of the target charging pile and the new power quota of the target box-type substation unit; take the minimum value between the target pile-level power shortage of the target charging pile and the candidate power allocation as the new power allocation of the target charging pile as a supplementary power allocation; and determine the allocation power result of each target charging pile according to the initial power allocation and the corresponding new power allocation of each target charging pile.

[0089] For example, in some other embodiments of this embodiment, the above-mentioned cyclic allocation module 303 can also be used to: sum the new power quotas of each box-type substation of the target charging station, and determine the station-level residual power based on the difference between the sum of the new power quotas and the total station-level recovered power of the charging station; if the power redistribution conditions are not met, sum the power allocation results of the charging piles under each box-type substation in the previous station-level iteration process to obtain the current pile group power of each box-type substation in the current iteration process; determine the residual power load of each box-type substation based on the difference between the maximum allowable power of each box-type substation and the corresponding current pile group power; and calculate the real-time power request of each charging pile of each box-type substation. The current difference between the rate and the current power allocation result in the previous iteration is used as the maximum value between the third preset value and the current difference, which is taken as the current pile power shortage of the current charging pile. Based on the sum of the current pile power shortages of the charging piles under each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration, the current box power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration is determined. Based on the current box power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration, the current ideal power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration is determined. Based on the current ideal power shortage and its corresponding current ideal power allocation coefficient, the current weight update value of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration is determined. The current weight update value and station-level remaining power during the iteration process are used to determine the candidate new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. The minimum value between the candidate new power quota and the remaining power load of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process is used as the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. Based on the new power quota of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, power is reallocated to each current target charging pile that had a power shortage in the previous iteration process. The sum of the power allocation result and the reallocated power amount for each current target charging pile in the previous iteration process is used as the power quota for each current target charging pile in the current iteration process. The power allocation results are as follows: Based on the maximum value between the difference between the power allocation result and the actual power consumed in the current iteration and the first preset value, the remaining power at the charging pile level in the current iteration is determined; Based on the maximum value between the difference between the real-time requested power and the actual power consumed in the current iteration and the second preset value, the power shortage at the charging pile level in the current iteration is determined; If the remaining power at the station level is less than or equal to the preset station-level allowable remaining power threshold, or all box-type substation units have reached their corresponding maximum allowable power, or the station-level iteration count has reached the preset maximum station-level iteration count, then based on the power allocation result of the charging pile corresponding to the last iteration, the corresponding power is allocated to each charging pile in the charging station.

[0090] The power distribution device of the charging system mentioned above is described from the perspective of functional modules. Furthermore, this application also provides an electronic device, which is described from the perspective of hardware. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes a memory 401 and a processor 402. The memory 401 stores a computer program, and the processor 402 is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any of the above embodiments of the dynamic power distribution method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile.

[0091] It is understood that if the dynamic power allocation method of the charging system based on the three-layer structure of station-substation-pile in the above embodiments is implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and executes all or part of the steps of the methods in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, multimedia cards, card-type memory (such as SD or DX memory), magnetic memory, removable disks, CD-ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks. Based on this, this application also provides a non-volatile storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of a dynamic power distribution method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0092] It is understood that if the dynamic power allocation method of the charging system based on the three-layer structure of station-substation-pile in the above embodiments is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the computer software product may not need to be stored in a physical storage medium. For example, it can be directly transmitted to a computer or other device with information processing capabilities via a wired or wireless network to execute all or part of the steps of the methods in the various embodiments of this application. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. Based on this, this application also provides a computer program product, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the steps of the dynamic power allocation method of the charging system based on the three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0093] Finally, this application also provides a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile, see [link / reference]. Figure 5 The charging system may include a control system 501 and a power supply system 502. The control system 501 implements the steps of the dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-charging pile as described in any of the above embodiments. The power supply system 502 includes at least one charging station, each charging station includes at least one substation unit, and each substation unit includes at least one charging pile. The control system 501 includes a station-level control layer, a substation control layer, a charging pile-level execution layer, and a collaborative control layer. The station-level control layer runs on the local controller of the charging station or in the cloud and is used to determine the substation-level power allocation information of each substation unit. The substation control layer runs on the substation edge controller corresponding to each substation unit and is used to determine the charging pile-level power allocation information of the subordinate charging piles. The charging pile-level execution layer exists in the corresponding charging pile and is used to upload real-time requested power, charging pile-level power remaining amount, and charging pile-level power missing amount. The collaborative control layer is co-located with the station-level control layer on the local controller of the charging station or in the cloud, or is located at the substation edge controller and is used to complete the remaining power recovery function, safety event handling function, or parameter configuration function between the station level and the substation level.

[0094] In this embodiment, the charging system implements the aforementioned power allocation method. The power supply system 502 adopts a three-level physical topology structure of charging station (S) – box-type substation unit (B) – charging pile (P). Each charging station contains at least one box-type substation, and each box-type substation contains at least one charging pile. The control system 501 adopts a hierarchical distributed, centralized, or hybrid deployment architecture. The station-level control layer runs on the local controller of the charging station or a cloud server, receiving the total power limit. (Maximum total power received by the charging station, maximum total available power at the station level, S represents the station identifier), Real-time available power. Based on the status / demands of each B, the power allocation process as described in the above embodiment is executed to determine the power quota (initial and subsequent quotas) for each transformer substation. The transformer substation control layer runs on the edge controller (embedded device) corresponding to each transformer substation unit, which receives... The topology and subordinate P requests receive quota instructions from the station-level control layer, and are responsible for executing the specific power allocation (such as water level allocation method) and local protection within the transformer substation for each charging pile. The pile-level execution layer can exist in firmware form within each charging pile, and is responsible for interacting with the load terminal such as electric vehicles, collecting real-time requested power, and reporting its own status (such as actual power, unused power, and gap), while executing the final power setting instructions from the transformer substation control layer. The collaborative control layer is a logical functional layer that can be deployed together with the station-level control layer or partially decentralized. It realizes cross-level coordination functions, such as: summarizing the unused power and gap reported by each pile (realizing feedback recovery function), handling safety events such as overload, overtemperature, fault, soft start / climbing and slope limit and triggering isolation or power limit, and managing various configurable parameters of the system operation, such as trade-off factors and trade-off coefficients, and can also configure priorities, user levels, business strategies, etc. Data flow and timing may include the following: C1: P-Agents report: state; Electricity pile The power request at time t, Vehicles and users at the charging pile The requested power demand is obtained through real-time interaction between the vehicle and the charging station. Numbering of electrical piles For transformer substation The numbers below are in uppercase. Lowercase indicates power. Indicator Stake The rated maximum power.

[0095] C2: Each Summary of (substation signage): Report (Maximum allowable power of transformer i), available capacity, fault / temperature, etc.; Indicates transformer box Power request at time t.

[0096] C3: Station-level control layer calculates initial quota for transformer substations That is, transformer substation The first power allocation.

[0097] C4: The transformer substation control layer performs a water level allocation for P within the quota, and obtains... (right The initial power allocation is performed by assigning the target amount (the theoretically desired power that the charging pile can use) to the substation, and measuring the unused power. and gap This means verifying whether the allocated power quota has not been fully consumed or whether there is an actual demand that exceeds the allocated power.

[0098] C5: Synergistic Control Layer Recovery The data is aggregated at the station level, and the station-level control layer calculates the cross-B secondary quota. .

[0099] C6: The transformer substation control layer performs secondary water level allocation on P, obtaining... Output target power setting That is, the output system outputs to the charging pile at time t. The target power setting value. This value can be assigned to the power command issued to each pile, and speed limiting / amplitude limiting and protection are executed through the collaborative control layer.

[0100] C7: Event-driven recalculation occurs when a vehicle is charging or stops charging.

[0101] As shown above, this embodiment utilizes a hierarchical control system architecture of cloud / station-edge-terminal to decompose the complex global optimization problem into a collaborative solution by controllers at different levels. The station level is responsible for macro-level coordination, the transformer substation level for regional optimization, and the pile level for precise execution and feedback. This architecture ensures the global optimality of the control strategy while reducing communication latency and cloud load through edge computing, thereby improving the system's real-time performance, reliability, and scalability. This enables the power allocation method to be deployed and operated efficiently and stably in practical engineering projects.

[0102] The foregoing provides a detailed description of a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile and its dynamic power distribution method. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Whether the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the disclosed embodiments are executed by electronic hardware or computer software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, and such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application. Several improvements and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile, characterized in that, include: When a change in the power load of the target charging station is detected, the pile-level power status information, transformer aggregation status information, and power constraint conditions of the target charging station at the current moment are obtained. Based on the power constraints and the aggregation status information of the box-type substation, the initial power quota of each box-type substation unit in the station is determined, and the initial power allocation of each charging pile is determined based on each initial power quota and the power status information of the subordinate pile level. If at least one target charging pile's power request is not met and there is remaining power at the station level, the unused power recovered from each charging pile in the station will be used to supplement the target charging pile's power allocation again. This supplementary allocation operation will be performed repeatedly until the power reallocation conditions are no longer met. Based on the initial power allocation and at least one supplementary power allocation, power is allocated to the corresponding charging piles within the station; The pile-level power status information includes at least the real-time requested power and corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile in the station at the current moment, and the box-type substation aggregation status information includes at least the box-level power request and corresponding maximum allowable power of each box-type substation unit in the station.

2. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the initial power allocation for each prefabricated substation unit within the station based on the power constraint conditions and the substation aggregation status information includes: For each prefabricated substation unit within the station, the box-level power ratio information of the current prefabricated substation unit is determined based on the maximum allowable power of the current prefabricated substation unit and the sum of the maximum allowable power of all prefabricated substation units in the charging station to which it belongs; the trade-off factor between the power supply capacity and demand orientation of the current prefabricated substation unit is obtained; and the ideal power quota of the current prefabricated substation unit is obtained based on the trade-off factor and the box-level power ratio information of the current prefabricated substation unit. Based on the sum of the current box-level power request of the box-type substation and the box-level power requests of all box-type substations in the charging station, the box-level charging demand ratio of the current box-type substation is determined; based on the difference between the maximum value of the trade-off factor and the trade-off factor, a trade-off reverse factor is determined; and based on the trade-off reverse factor and the box-level charging demand ratio of the current box-type substation, the actual power request of the current box-type substation is obtained. The power weight of the current prefabricated substation is determined based on the ideal power quota of the current prefabricated substation and the actual power request of the current prefabricated substation. The minimum value among the maximum allowable power of the current prefabricated substation, the maximum total available power of the charging station to which it belongs, and the power weight of the prefabricated substation is used as the initial power quota of the current prefabricated substation.

3. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the initial power allocation for each charging pile based on its initial power quota and the power status information of its subordinate charging piles includes: Initialize the power of all charging piles in the charging station; For each charging pile, the minimum value between the real-time requested power and the corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile is used as the allocated frozen power of the charging pile. According to the iteration process of each charging pile, the power allocation of each charging pile is preset with a single increase value of the pile power, and the power is allocated to each charging pile until the corresponding allocation freeze power is reached. When the initial power quota of each prefabricated substation unit is exhausted or all charging piles reach the allocation freeze power, the initial power allocation of each charging pile is obtained.

4. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the initial power allocation for each charging pile based on its initial power quota and the power status information of its subordinate charging piles includes: Based on the initial power quota of each prefabricated substation unit, the initial power allocation of each charging pile is determined according to the real-time power request and corresponding rated maximum power of each charging pile. The difference between the initial power allocation of each charging pile and the corresponding actual power consumed is taken as the unused power value, and the pile-level power remaining amount of each charging pile is determined based on the maximum value between the unused power value of each charging pile and the first preset value. The difference between the real-time requested power and the actual consumed power of each charging pile is taken as the requested usage amount, and the pile-level power shortage amount of each charging pile is determined based on the maximum value between the requested usage amount of each charging pile and the second preset value. Based on the remaining power at the charging pile level, determine whether there is any remaining power at the station level, and based on the power shortage at the charging pile level, determine whether there are any target charging piles whose power requests have not been met.

5. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the target charging station's current-time pile-level power status information, transformer aggregation status information, and power constraint conditions, the following steps are also included: Obtain the real-time available power of the target charging station, the maximum allowable power of each box-type substation unit in the station, and the rated maximum power of each charging pile in the station; The constraints for each charging pile within the target charging station are as follows: the sum of the power of all charging piles under all box-type substations of the target charging station is less than or equal to the real-time available power of the target charging station; the power of all charging piles under the same box-type substation is less than or equal to the maximum allowable power of the box-type substation; the power of a single charging pile is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the rated maximum power; and the power of a single charging pile is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the real-time requested power of the single pile.

6. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The process of redistributing unused power recovered from each charging pile within the station to the target charging pile includes: The total station-level recoverable power is determined based on the sum of the residual power at the pile level of all charging piles in the target charging station. The total station-level recoverable power is the sum of the residual power at the box level of all box-type substations in the target charging station. The power of the charging pile group of each prefabricated substation is determined by the sum of the power of all charging piles under each prefabricated substation. The allowable residual power of each prefabricated substation unit is determined based on the difference between the maximum allowable power of each prefabricated substation unit and the corresponding pile group power. Based on the weight value of each prefabricated substation unit and the total power recovered at the station level, the actual remaining power of each prefabricated substation unit is determined. The new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit is determined based on the actual remaining power of the prefabricated substation and the minimum allowable remaining power of the corresponding prefabricated substation.

7. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Before basing the calculation on the weight values ​​of each prefabricated substation unit and the total station-level power recovery, the following steps are also included: For each prefabricated substation unit, the power deficit at the prefabricated substation unit level is determined by the sum of the power deficit at the pile level of all charging piles under the current prefabricated substation unit. Obtain the power allocation coefficient of each prefabricated substation unit, and determine the corresponding trade-off coefficient based on the power allocation coefficient of each prefabricated substation unit; the power allocation coefficient is determined according to the priority or weight of the prefabricated substation unit; determine the prefabricated substation unit's ... Based on the sum of the current transformer power allocation coefficient of the transformer substation and the transformer power allocation coefficients of all transformer substations in the charging station, the transformer-level power allocation ratio of the current transformer substation is determined; based on the difference between the maximum value of the tradeoff coefficient and the tradeoff coefficient, the tradeoff inverse coefficient is determined; and based on the tradeoff inverse coefficient and the transformer-level power allocation ratio of the current transformer substation, the ideal power allocation coefficient of the current transformer substation is obtained. The updated weight value of the current prefabricated substation is determined based on the ideal power deficit of the current prefabricated substation and the ideal power allocation coefficient of the current prefabricated substation.

8. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in claim 6, characterized in that, After determining the new power allocation for each prefabricated substation unit, the process also includes: Based on the new power quota of each prefabricated substation unit, for at least one target charging pile with a power shortage at the pile level, the power shortage ratio of the target charging pile is determined according to the power shortage at the pile level corresponding to the target charging pile and the power shortage at the box level of the target prefabricated substation unit to which it belongs. Candidate power allocation is determined based on the power deficit ratio of the target charging pile and the new power quota of the target box-type substation. The minimum value between the target charging pile's target power deficiency and the candidate power allocation is used as the new power allocation for the target charging pile, serving as a supplementary power allocation. Based on the initial power allocation and the corresponding new power allocation of each target charging station, the power allocation result of each target charging station is determined.

9. The dynamic power allocation method for a charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The cyclical execution of supplementary function allocation operations until the power reallocation conditions are no longer met includes: The sum of the new power quotas of each box-type substation of the target charging station is calculated, and the station-level remaining power is determined based on the difference between the sum of the new power quotas and the total station-level recovered power of the charging station. If the power redistribution condition is not met, the sum of the power distribution results of the charging piles under each box-type substation in the previous station-level iteration process is calculated to obtain the current pile group power of each box-type substation in the current iteration process. The remaining power load of each prefabricated substation is determined based on the difference between the maximum allowable power of each prefabricated substation unit and the corresponding current pile group power. For each charging pile in each prefabricated substation unit, calculate the current difference between the real-time requested power of the current charging pile and the power allocation result in the previous iteration process. Take the maximum value between the third preset value and the current difference as the current pile power shortage of the current charging pile. Based on the sum of the current pile power shortages of the charging piles under each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, determine the current box power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. Based on the current power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, determine the current ideal power shortage of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process, and based on the current ideal power shortage and its corresponding current ideal power allocation coefficient, determine the current weight update value of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. Based on the current weight update value of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process and the remaining power at the station level, determine the candidate value of the new power quota for each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. The minimum value between the current new power quota candidate value of each prefabricated substation unit and the remaining power load in the current iteration process is used as the current new power quota of each prefabricated substation unit in the current iteration process. According to the new power allocation of each box-type substation unit in the current iteration process, the power of each current target charging pile that had a power shortage in the previous iteration process is redistributed, and the sum of the power allocation result of each current target charging pile in the previous iteration process and the redistribution amount is taken as the power allocation result of each current target charging pile in the current iteration process. Based on the maximum value between the power allocation result of each charging pile in the current iteration process and the difference between the actual power consumed and the first preset value, determine the remaining power at the pile level of each charging pile in the current iteration process; The power shortage at the charging pile level in the current iteration process is determined based on the maximum value between the difference between the real-time requested power and the actual consumed power of each charging pile in the current iteration process and the second preset value. If the remaining power at the station level is less than or equal to the preset allowable remaining power threshold at the station level, or all box-type substation units reach their corresponding maximum allowable power, or the station level iteration count reaches the preset maximum iteration count at the station level, then based on the power allocation result of the charging pile corresponding to the last iteration, the corresponding power will be allocated to each charging pile in the charging station.

10. A charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile, characterized in that, It includes a control system and a power supply system; the control system implements the steps of the dynamic power distribution method for the charging system based on a three-layer structure of station-substation-pile as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The power supply system includes at least one charging station, each charging station includes at least one box-type substation unit, and each box-type substation unit includes at least one charging pile. The control system includes a station-level control layer, a transformer substation control layer, a charging pile-level execution layer, and a collaborative control layer. The station-level control layer operates on the local controller of the charging station or in the cloud, and is used to determine the transformer substation-level power allocation information for each transformer substation unit. The transformer substation control layer operates on the transformer substation edge controller corresponding to each transformer substation unit, and is used to determine the charging pile-level power allocation information for its subordinate charging piles. The charging pile-level execution layer exists at the corresponding charging pile and is used to upload real-time requested power, remaining charging pile-level power, and missing charging pile-level power. The collaborative control layer is co-located with the station-level control layer on the local controller of the charging station or in the cloud, or is deployed to the transformer substation edge controller, and is used to perform remaining power recovery, safety event handling, or parameter configuration functions between the station and transformer substation levels.

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