Terminal and communication method

Abstract

The terminal includes: a communication unit that performs communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with a base station in a TN (Terrestrial Network) or NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); and a control unit that controls direct inter-terminal communication based on the communication related to direct inter-terminal communication, wherein the communication unit performs direct inter-terminal communication with other terminals, and the other terminals perform communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with the base station or other base stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to terminals and communication methods in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In LTE (Long Term Evolution) and its successor systems (e.g., LTE-A (LTE Advanced), NR (New Radio) (also known as 5G)), D2D (Device to Device) technology, which allows terminals to communicate directly with each other without going through a base station, is being studied (e.g., non-patent literature 1).

[0003] D2D reduces the traffic load between terminals and base stations, enabling communication between terminals even when base stations cannot communicate, such as during disasters. Furthermore, in 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), D2D is referred to as a "sidelink," but in this specification, the more general term D2D is used. However, in the description of the embodiments described later, "sidelink" may also be used as needed.

[0004] D2D communication can be broadly divided into D2D discovery (also known as D2D discovery) for finding other communicable terminals and D2D communication (also known as D2D direct communication, D2D communication, etc.) for direct communication between terminals. Hereinafter, without specifically distinguishing between D2D communication and D2D discovery, it will be simply referred to as D2D. Furthermore, signals transmitted and received via D2D are called D2D signals. Various use cases related to V2X (Vehicle to Everything) services in NR are being investigated (e.g., non-patent literature 2).

[0005] Furthermore, in NR version 17 (e.g., non-patent document 3), the use of higher frequency bands than previous versions was investigated. For example, the study is investigating the applicable parameter set, including subcarrier spacing, channel bandwidth, etc., in the frequency band from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz, the physical layer design, and the faults envisioned in actual wireless communication.

[0006] Existing technical documents

[0007] Non-patent literature

[0008] Non-patent literature 1: 3GPP TS 38.211 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0009] Non-patent literature 2: 3GPP TR 22.886 V16.2.0 (2018-12)

[0010] Non-patent literature 3: 3GPP TS 38.306 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0011] Non-patent literature 4: 3GPP TS 37.213 V17.6.0 (2023-06) Summary of the Invention

[0012] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0013] Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are being put into practical use, allowing terminals to assume they are within network coverage regardless of their geographical location. When this is assumed, the system can be designed with the network control side link in mind. Therefore, in next-generation communications, it is possible to achieve terminal-to-terminal communication with extremely high quality.

[0014] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to enable direct communication between network control terminals.

[0015] Methods for solving problems

[0016] According to the disclosed technology, a terminal is provided, comprising: a communication unit that performs communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with a base station in a TN (Terrestrial Network) or NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); and a control unit that controls direct inter-terminal communication based on the communication related to direct inter-terminal communication, wherein the communication unit performs direct inter-terminal communication with other terminals, and the other terminals perform communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with the base station or other base stations.

[0017] Invention Effects

[0018] According to publicly available technology, networks can control direct communication between terminals. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram used to illustrate V2X.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a timing diagram showing the action example (1) of V2X.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram showing the action example (2) of V2X.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram showing the action example (3) of V2X.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a timing diagram showing the action example (4) of V2X.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing actions.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a preemption action.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a preemptive action.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing an example of some monitored actions.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example of periodic partial monitoring.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example of continuous monitoring.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the frequency range in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (1) of LBT.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (2) of LBT.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (3) of LBT.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (1) of broadband domain application.

[0035] Figure 17 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (2) of broadband domain application.

[0036] Figure 18 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (3) of broadband domain application.

[0037] Figure 19 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (4) of broadband domain application.

[0038] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 21This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 27 This is a diagram illustrating an example (7) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 28 This is a diagram illustrating an example (8) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 29 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 or terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments described below are merely examples, and the application of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0052] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present invention, existing technologies are appropriately used. These existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE, but are not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "LTE" as used herein has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and subsequent modes (e.g., NR) or wireless LAN (Local Area Network).

[0053] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the duplex mode can be TDD (Time Division Duplex), FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0054] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the “configure” wireless parameters can be pre-configured predetermined values ​​or wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a diagram used to illustrate V2X. Within 3GPP, the implementation of V2X (Vehicle to Everything) or eV2X (enhanced V2X) by extending D2D functionality is being studied, and standardization is underway. Figure 1 As shown, V2X is a part of ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems). It is a collective term for V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure), V2N (Vehicle to Network), and V2P (Vehicle to Pedestrian), which refers to communication between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) located beside the road.

[0056] Furthermore, 3GPP is researching V2X using LTE or NR cellular communication and inter-terminal communication. V2X using cellular communication is also referred to as cellular V2X. In NR V2X, research is underway to achieve high capacity, low latency, high reliability, and QoS (Quality of Service) control.

[0057] Regarding V2X for LTE or NR, it is envisioned that future research will extend beyond 3GPP specifications. For example, research is envisioned on ensuring interoperability, reducing costs implemented at higher levels, methods for the concurrent use or handover of multiple RATs (Radio Access Technology), support for regulations in various countries, and methods for data acquisition, distribution, database management, and usage on LTE or NR V2X platforms.

[0058] In embodiments of the present invention, the communication device is primarily envisioned to be mounted on a vehicle, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this method. For example, the communication device may be a terminal held by a person, a device mounted on a drone or aircraft, or a base station, RSU, relay station (Relay Node), terminal with scheduling capabilities, etc.

[0059] Additionally, SL (Sidelink) can also be distinguished by UL (Uplink) or DL ​​(Downlink) and any one or a combination of 1)-4) below. SL can also be other names.

[0060] 1) Resource allocation in the time domain

[0061] 2) Frequency domain resource allocation

[0062] 3) Reference synchronization signals (including SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal))

[0063] 4) Reference signal used for path loss measurement in power control

[0064] Furthermore, for SL or UL OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), any of the following can be applied: CP-OFDM (Cyclic-Prefix OFDM), DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-OFDM), OFDM without transform precoding, or OFDM with transform precoding.

[0065] In LTE's SL (Send-On) architecture, Mode 3 and Mode 4 are specified for resource allocation to terminal 20. In Mode 3, transmission resources are dynamically allocated using DCI (Downlink Control Information) sent from base station 10 to terminal 20. Furthermore, SPS (Semi-Persistent Scheduling) is also possible in Mode 3. In Mode 4, terminal 20 autonomously selects transmission resources from the resource pool.

[0066] In addition, the slot in the embodiments of the present invention can also be replaced by symbol, mini slot, subframe, radio frame, TTI (Transmission Time Interval). Furthermore, the cell in the embodiments of the present invention can also be replaced by cell group, carrier component, BWP, resource pool, resource, RAT (Radio Access Technology), system (including wireless LAN), etc.

[0067] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, terminal 20 is not limited to a V2X terminal, but can be any type of terminal performing D2D communication. For example, terminal 20 can be a user-held terminal such as a smartphone, or an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a smart meter.

[0068] Furthermore, NR-SL envisions supporting HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) in unicast and multicast on sidelinks. And in NR-V2X, SFCI (Sidelink Feedback Control Information) containing HARQ responses is defined. Moreover, the transmission of SFCI via PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel) is under investigation.

[0069] Furthermore, in the following description, PSFCH is assumed to be used in the transmission of HARQ-ACK via the side link, but this is only one example. For example, PSCCH, PSSCH, and other channels can also be used for the transmission of HARQ-ACK in the side link.

[0070] For ease of explanation, all information reported by terminal 20 in HARQ will be referred to as HARQ-ACK. This HARQ-ACK can also be called HARQ-ACK information. More specifically, the codebook used for the HARQ-ACK information reported from terminal 20 to base station 10, etc., is called the HARQ-ACK codebook. The HARQ-ACK codebook specifies the bit sequence of the HARQ-ACK information. Furthermore, in addition to ACK (positive acknowledgment), NACK (negative acknowledgment) is also sent via HARQ-ACK.

[0071] Figure 2 This is a timing diagram illustrating the action example (1) of V2X. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the wireless communication system of this embodiment may also have terminal 20A and terminal 20B. Furthermore, multiple user devices are actually present, but... Figure 2 Terminal 20A and terminal 20B are shown as examples.

[0072] Hereinafter, without specifically distinguishing between terminals 20A, 20B, etc., they will only be referred to as "terminal 20" or "user device". Figure 2 As an example, the example shows a situation where both terminal 20A and terminal 20B are within the coverage area of ​​the cell. However, the actions in this embodiment of the invention can also be applied to situations where terminal 20B is outside the coverage area.

[0073] As described above, in this embodiment, terminal 20 is, for example, a device mounted in a vehicle such as an automobile, and has cellular communication functions as a UE in LTE or NR, as well as sidelink functions. Terminal 20 can also be a typical portable terminal (such as a smartphone). Alternatively, terminal 20 can also be an RSU. This RSU can be a UE-type RSU with UE functions, or a gNB-type RSU with base station functions.

[0074] In addition, the terminal 20 does not need to be a housing device. For example, even if various sensors are distributed throughout the vehicle, the device containing these various sensors can still be the terminal 20.

[0075] Furthermore, the processing of data transmitted via the sidelink of terminal 20 is essentially the same as that of UL transmission in LTE or NR. For example, terminal 20 scrambles and modulates the codewords of the transmitted data to generate complex-valued symbols, maps these complex-valued symbols (transmitted signals) to Layer 1 or Layer 2, and pre-codes them. Then, it maps the precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements to generate a transmitted signal (e.g., a complex-valued time-domain SC-FDMA signal) and transmits it from each antenna port.

[0076] Furthermore, regarding base station 10, it has cellular communication functions as a base station in LTE or NR, and functions for enabling terminal 20 in this embodiment to communicate (e.g., resource pool setting, resource allocation, etc.). Additionally, base station 10 can also be an RSU (gNB type RSU).

[0077] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system of the present invention, the signal waveform used by terminal 20 in SL or UL can be OFDMA, SC-FDMA, or other signal waveforms.

[0078] As a synchronization signal in SL, terminal 20 transmits a Sidelink Synchronization Signal Block (S-SSB). The S-SSB can include S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal), and PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel). Furthermore, the names S-SSB, S-PSS, and S-SSS are examples; other names are also possible.

[0079] Terminal 20 transmits S-SSBs to other terminals 20 based on signals received from base station device 10, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals, or signals received from other terminals 20. Alternatively, if terminal 20 is unable to transmit S-SSBs based on signals from base station device 10, GNSS, or any of the other terminals 20, terminal 20 may autonomously transmit a predetermined S-SSB to other terminals 20. The resources available for S-SSBs can be periodic time slots, also known as S-SSB opportunities.

[0080] In step S101, terminal 20A autonomously selects the resources used by PSCCH and PSSCH from a resource selection window with a predetermined period. The resource selection window can also be set by base station 10 for terminal 20. Here, the predetermined period of the resource selection window can be specified according to the terminal's implementation conditions such as processing time or maximum allowable packet delay time, or it can be predetermined according to specifications. The predetermined period can also be referred to as a time-domain interval.

[0081] In steps S102 and S103, terminal 20A uses the resources autonomously selected in step S101 to send SCI (Sidelink Control Information) using PSCCH and / or PSSCH, and also sends SL data using PSSCH. For example, terminal 20A can send PSCCH using frequency resources that are adjacent to or not adjacent to the frequency resources of PSSCH, within at least a portion of the time resources that are the same as the time resources of PSSCH.

[0082] Terminal 20B receives SCI (PSCCH and / or PSSCH) and SL data (PSSCH) sent from terminal 20A. The received SCI may contain information about resources for PSFCH used by terminal 20B to send a HARQ-ACK for the received data. Terminal 20A may also include information about resources it autonomously selects in the SCI. Furthermore, the resources available for PSFCH can be periodic time slots and symbols at the end of the time slot (excluding the final symbol), also known as PSFCH opportunities.

[0083] In step S104, terminal 20B uses the resources of PSFCH determined by the received SCI to send HARQ-ACK for the received data to terminal 20A.

[0084] In step S105, if the HARQ-ACK received by terminal 20A in step S104 indicates a request for retransmission (i.e., NACK - negative acknowledgment), then terminal 20A retransmits the PSCCH and PSSCH to terminal 20B. Terminal 20A may also use resources of its own choosing to retransmit the PSCCH and PSSCH.

[0085] Furthermore, steps S104 and S105 may be omitted if HARQ control with accompanying HARQ feedback is not performed.

[0086] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram illustrating a V2X action example (2). Blind retransmissions can also be performed, independent of HARQ control used to improve transmission success rate or arrival distance.

[0087] In step S201, terminal 20A autonomously selects the resources used by PSCCH and PSSCH from a resource selection window with a predetermined period. The resource selection window can also be set by base station 10 for terminal 20.

[0088] In steps S202 and S203, terminal 20A uses the resources autonomously selected in step S201 to send SCI via PSCCH and / or PSSCH, and sends SL data via PSSCH. For example, terminal 20A may also send PSCCH using frequency resources adjacent to the frequency resources of PSSCH in at least a portion of the same time resources as the time resources of PSSCH.

[0089] In step S204, terminal 20A uses the resources autonomously selected in step S201 to retransmit SCI data based on PSCCH and / or PSSCH and SL data based on PSSCH to terminal 20B. The retransmission in step S204 can be performed multiple times.

[0090] Alternatively, step S204 can be omitted if blind retransmission is not performed.

[0091] Figure 4 This is a timing diagram illustrating an example of V2X operation (3). Base station 10 can perform sidelink scheduling. That is, base station 10 can determine the resources of the sidelink used by terminal 20 and send information representing those resources to terminal 20. Furthermore, when applying HARQ control with HARQ feedback, base station 10 can also send information representing the resources of PSFCH to terminal 20.

[0092] In step S301, base station 10 sends DCI (Downlink Control Information) to terminal 20A using PDCCH, thereby performing SL scheduling. For ease of explanation, the DCI used for SL scheduling will be referred to as SL scheduling DCI.

[0093] Furthermore, in step S301, it is assumed that base station 10 also sends a DCI for DL ​​scheduling (also known as DL allocation) to terminal 20A via PDCCH. For ease of explanation, the DCI for DL ​​scheduling will be referred to as DL scheduling DCI. Terminal 20A, upon receiving the DL scheduling DCI, uses the resources specified by the DL scheduling DCI to receive DL data via PDSCH.

[0094] In steps S302 and S303, terminal 20A uses the resources specified by the SL scheduling DCI to send SCI (Sidelink Control Information) using PSCCH and / or PSSCH, and also sends SL data using PSSCH. Alternatively, the SL scheduling DCI may specify only the resources for PSSCH. In this case, for example, terminal 20A may send PSCCH using frequency resources adjacent to the frequency resources of PSSCH, within at least a portion of the time resources that are the same as the time resources of PSSCH.

[0095] Terminal 20B receives SCI (PSCCH and / or PSSCH) and SL data (PSSCH) sent from terminal 20A. The SCI received using PSCCH and / or PSSCH contains information about PSFCH resources for terminal 20B to send HARQ-ACK for the data reception.

[0096] The resource information is included in the DL scheduling DCI or SL scheduling DCI sent from base station 10 in step S301. Terminal 20A obtains the resource information from the DL scheduling DCI or SL scheduling DCI and includes it in the SCI. Alternatively, assuming that the DCI sent from base station 10 does not contain the resource information, terminal 20A can independently include the resource information in the SCI and send it.

[0097] In step S304, terminal 20B uses the resources of PSFCH determined based on the received SCI to send HARQ-ACK for the received data to terminal 20A.

[0098] In step S305, terminal 20A, for example, at a timing specified by the DL scheduling DCI (or SL scheduling DCI) (e.g., timing in time slots), uses the PUCCH (Physical uplink control channel) resources specified by the DL scheduling DCI (or the SL scheduling DCI) to send a HARQ-ACK, and base station 10 receives the HARQ-ACK. The codebook of this HARQ-ACK may contain the HARQ-ACK received from terminal 20B or the HARQ-ACK generated based on an unreceived PSFCH, and a HARQ-ACK for DL ​​data. However, in cases where there is no allocation of DL data, etc., it does not contain a HARQ-ACK for DL ​​data. In Rel. 16 of NR, the codebook of this HARQ-ACK does not contain a HARQ-ACK for DL ​​data.

[0099] Alternatively, steps S304 and / or S305 may be omitted if HARQ control with HARQ feedback is not performed.

[0100] Figure 5 This is a timing diagram illustrating an example of V2X operation (4). As described above, in the NR side link, HARQ responses are supported via PSFCH. Furthermore, the PSFCH format can, for example, use the same format as PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) format 0. That is, the PSFCH format can be a sequence-based format where the PRB (Physical Resource Block) size is 1, and ACK and NACK are identified by differences in sequence and / or cyclic shift. The PSFCH format is not limited to this. PSFCH resources can be configured at the end of a time slot or multiple symbols at the end. Furthermore, a period N is set or predefined for the PSFCH resources. The period N can be set or predefined in units of time slots.

[0101] exist Figure 5 In the diagram, the vertical axis corresponds to the frequency domain, and the horizontal axis corresponds to the time domain. The PSCCH can be configured with one symbol at the beginning of a time slot, multiple symbols starting from the beginning, or multiple symbols starting from symbols other than the beginning. The PSFCH can be configured with one symbol at the end of a time slot, or multiple symbols at the end of a time slot. Furthermore, the terms "start of time slot" and "end of time slot" can omit the symbols used for AGC (Automatic Gain Control) and the symbols used for transmit / receive switching. That is, for example, when a time slot consists of 14 symbols, "start of time slot" and "end of time slot" can also refer to the first and last symbols among the 12 symbols excluding the initial and final symbols. Figure 5 In the example shown, three sub-channels are configured in the resource pool, and two PSFCHs are configured three times after the timeslot where the PSSCH is configured. The arrows from the PSSCH to the PSFCH indicate examples of PSFCHs associated with the PSSCH.

[0102] In NR-V2X multicast, where the HARQ response is multicast option 2 (sending ACK or NACK), it is necessary to determine the resources used for sending and receiving the PSFCH. For example... Figure 5 As shown, in step S401, terminal 20A, acting as the transmitting terminal 20, performs multicast to terminals 20B, 20C, and 20D, acting as the receiving terminal 20, via SL-SCH (Sidelink Shared Channel). In the following step S402, terminal 20B sends a HARQ response to terminal 20A using PSFCH#B, terminal 20C uses PSFCH#C, and terminal 20D uses PSFCH#D. Here, as... Figure 5 As shown in the example, when the number of available PSFCH resources is less than the number of receiving terminals 20 belonging to the group, it is necessary to decide how to allocate the PSFCH resources. Additionally, the sending terminal 20 can also know the number of receiving terminals 20 in the multicast. Furthermore, in multicast option 1, only NACK is sent as a HARQ response, without sending ACK.

[0103] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of monitoring actions in NR. In resource allocation mode 2, terminal 20 selects resources for transmission. For example... Figure 6As shown, terminal 20 performs monitoring within the monitoring window of the resource pool. Through monitoring, terminal 20 receives the resource reservation or resource assignment field contained in the SCI sent from other terminals 20, and identifies available resource candidates in the resource selection window within the resource pool based on this field. Then, terminal 20 randomly selects a resource from the available resource candidates.

[0104] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, the resource pool can be configured with a period. For example, the period could be 10240 milliseconds. Figure 6 It is time slot t0 SL To time slot t Tmax-1 SL An example of something set up as a resource pool. Resource pools within each period can be defined, for example, as regions using bitmaps.

[0105] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, suppose the transmission trigger in terminal 20 occurs in time slot n, and the priority of this transmission is p. TX Terminal 20 moves from time slot n-T0 to time slot nT proc,0 Within the monitoring window up to the immediate preceding time slot, for example, it can detect other terminals 20 performing priority p. RX The transmission is processed. If an SCI is detected within the monitoring window and the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) exceeds a threshold, resources within the resource selection window corresponding to that SCI are excluded. Conversely, if an SCI is detected within the monitoring window and the RSRP is less than a threshold, resources within the resource selection window corresponding to that SCI are not excluded. This threshold may be, for example, based on priority p. TX and priority p RX A threshold Th is set or defined for each resource within the monitoring window. pTX,pRX .

[0106] In addition, such as Figure 6 The time slot t shown m SL In this way, for example, resources in the resource selection window that are candidates for resource reservation information corresponding to resources in the monitoring window that are not monitored due to transmission are excluded.

[0107] like Figure 6As shown, in the resource selection window from time slot n+T1 to time slot n+T2, resources occupied by other UEs are identified, and resources that have been excluded become available resource candidates. If the set of available resource candidates is set as S... A Then in S A Even if the resource selection window is less than 20%, the threshold Th set for each resource in the monitoring window can still be applied. pTX,pRX Increase by 3dB and then perform resource identification again. That is, it is also possible to do so by setting the threshold Th... pTX，pRX The resource identification process is repeated, increasing the number of resources not excluded due to RSRP being less than a threshold, thus expanding the resource candidate set S. A It accounts for more than 20% of the resource selection window. In S A Even if the resource selection window is less than 20%, the threshold Th set for each resource in the monitoring window can be repeatedly executed. pTX，pRX The resource identification action is performed again after the value increases by 3dB.

[0108] The lower layer of terminal 20 can report S to the higher layer. A The higher levels of terminal 20 can also access S. A A random selection process is performed to determine the resources to be used. Terminal 20 can then use the determined resources to perform sidelink transmissions. For example, the higher layer could be the MAC layer, and the lower layer could be the PHY layer or the physical layer.

[0109] In the above Figure 6 The text describes the actions of the sending terminal 20, but the receiving terminal 20 can also detect data transmissions from other terminals 20 based on the results of monitoring or partial monitoring, and receive data from those other terminals 20.

[0110] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of preemption in NR. Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of preemption in NR. In step S501, terminal 20 performs monitoring within the monitoring window. Monitoring can also be performed for a pre-defined period if terminal 20 is in a power-saving mode. Next, terminal 20 identifies each resource within the resource selection window based on the monitoring results and determines the set S of candidate resources. A Then, the terminal 20 selects the resource to be sent (S502). Next, the terminal 20 selects the resource candidate set S. A (S503) Select the resource set (r_0, r_1, ...) to determine whether preemption has occurred. This resource set can be used to notify the PHY layer from a higher layer whether the resource has been preempted.

[0111] In step S504, terminal 20 in Figure 8The timing T(r_0)-T3 shown above determines the set S of resource candidates by re-identifying each resource within the resource selection window based on the monitoring results. A Then, based on priority, preemption is determined for the resource set (r_0, r_1, ...). For example, Figure 8 As shown, r_1, through re-monitoring, detected SCI sent from other terminal 20, which is not included in S A In the event of a valid preemption, if the priority value prio_RX, representing the SCI sent from another terminal 20, is lower than the priority value prio_TX, representing the transport block sent from this terminal, terminal 20 determines that resource r_1 has been preempted. Furthermore, a lower priority value indicates a higher priority. That is, if the priority value prio_RX, representing the SCI sent from another terminal 20, is higher than the priority value prio_TX, representing the transport block sent from this terminal, terminal 20 will not preempt resource r_1 from the SCI. A Alternatively, if preemption is only valid for a specific priority (e.g., sl-PreemptionEnable is any one of pl1, pl2, ..., pl8), that priority is set to prio_pre. In this case, if the value prio_RX, representing the priority of an SCI sent from another terminal 20, is lower than prio_pre and prio_RX is lower than the value prio_TX, representing the priority of a transport block sent from this terminal, terminal 20 determines that resource r_1 has been preempted.

[0112] In step S505, if the terminal 20 determines that preemption has occurred in step S504, it notifies the higher layer of the preemption, and the higher layer performs a resource reselection to end the preemption check.

[0113] Furthermore, in the case where a re-evaluation is performed instead of a preemption check, the set S of resource candidates is determined in step S504 above. A Afterwards, in S A If the resource set (r_0, r_1, ...) is not included in the resource set, the resource is not used, and a new resource is selected at a higher level.

[0114] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates an example of partial monitoring actions in LTE. In the case where partial monitoring is configured from a higher layer in the LTE sidelink, such as... Figure 9 As shown, terminal 20 selects and sends resources. Figure 9As shown, terminal 20 performs partial monitoring on a portion of the monitoring window within the resource pool, i.e., the monitoring target. Through partial monitoring, terminal 20 receives the resource reservation field contained in the SCI sent from other terminals 20, and based on this field, identifies available resource candidates within the resource selection window of the resource pool. Then, terminal 20 randomly selects a resource from the available resource candidates.

[0115] Figure 9 From subframe t0 SL To subframe t Tmax-1 SL An example of something set up as a resource pool. A resource pool can, for example, define an object region using a bitmap. (Example...) Figure 9 As shown, assume that the transmission trigger in terminal 20 occurs in subframe n. Figure 9 As shown, from subframe n+T1 to subframe n+T2, from subframe t y1 SL To subframe t yY SL Y subframes can be set as resource selection windows.

[0116] Terminal 20 from the subframe t that becomes the Y subframe length y1-k×Pstep SL To subframe t yY-k×Pstep SL Among one or more monitored targets, it is possible to detect, for example, other terminals 20 that are transmitting. k can, for example, be determined by a 10-bit bitmap. Figure 9 The image shows an example where the 3rd and 6th bits of the bitmap are set to "1" to indicate partial monitoring. That is, in... Figure 9 In the middle, from subframe t y1-6×Pstep SL To subframe t yY-6×Pstep SL and from subframe t y1-3×Pstep SL To subframe t yY-3×Pstep SL It is set as a monitoring target. As mentioned above, the k-th bit of the bitmap can correspond to the subframe t. y1-k×Pstep SL To subframe t yY-k×Pstep SL The monitoring window. Additionally, y i It corresponds to the index (1…Y) within the Y subframe.

[0117] In addition, k is set or predefined through a 10-bit bitmap, and P step It can be 100ms. However, in the case of SL communication using DL and UL carriers, P step It can also be set as (U / (D+S+U)) 100ms. U corresponds to the number of UL subframes, D corresponds to the number of DL subframes, and S corresponds to the number of special subframes.

[0118] If an SCI is detected among the aforementioned monitoring targets and the RSRP exceeds a threshold, resources within the resource selection window corresponding to the resource reservation field of that SCI are excluded. Conversely, if an SCI is detected among the monitoring targets and the RSRP is less than a threshold, resources within the resource selection window corresponding to the resource reservation field of that SCI are not excluded. This threshold could, for example, be based on the sending-side priority p. TX and receiving side priority p RX Thresholds Th set or defined for each resource within the monitoring target pTX，pRX .

[0119] like Figure 9 As shown, within the resource selection window designated as Y subframes in the interval [n+T1, n+T2], terminal 20 identifies resources occupied by other UEs, and resources excluding those resources become available resource candidates. Furthermore, Y subframes can be discontinuous. If the set of available resource candidates is set as S... A Then in S A If the resources are less than 20% of the resources in the resource selection window, the threshold Th can be set for each resource of the monitoring target. pTX,pRX The resource identification process is repeated after a 3dB increase.

[0120] That is, it can also be achieved by setting the threshold Th pTX,pRX The resource identification process is repeated upon raising the threshold, thereby increasing the number of resources that were not excluded due to RSRP being less than the threshold. Furthermore, S can also be measured. A The RSSI of each resource is calculated, and the resource with the smallest RSSI is added to set S. B This can be repeated in S. A The resource containing the minimum RSSI is appended to S. B The action continues until the set of resource candidates S is reached. B Until it becomes more than 20% of the resource selection window.

[0121] The lower layers of terminal 20 can also report S to the higher layers. B The higher levels of terminal 20 can also access S. B A random selection process is performed to determine the resources to be used. Terminal 20 can use the determined resources to perform sidelink transmissions. Alternatively, after securing a resource once, terminal 20 can also perform transmissions without a predetermined number of times (e.g., C). resel Resources are used periodically for monitoring (once).

[0122] In NR sidelinks, power saving based on random resource selection and partial sensing is being standardized. Terminal 20 using partial sensing performs reception and monitoring only in specific time slots within a monitoring window. That is, terminal 20 can also perform resource identification by monitoring only limited resources compared to full sensing, and perform partial sensing to select resources from the identified resource set. Furthermore, terminal 20 can also choose not to exclude resources from the resource selection window, but instead treat the resources within the resource selection window as the identified resource set and perform random selection from that identified resource set.

[0123] In addition, the method of performing random selection at the time of resource selection and using monitoring information during reassessment or preemption checks can be handled as partial monitoring or as random selection.

[0124] Additionally, actions as part of the monitoring process can also be applied as shown in 1) and 2). Furthermore, sensing and monitoring can be interchanged, and at least one of receiving RSRP measurements, obtaining reserved resource information, and obtaining priority information can also be included in this action.

[0125] 1) Periodic-based partial sensing

[0126] In mechanisms that monitor only a subset of time slots, the monitoring action for each time slot is determined based on the reservation period. Furthermore, the reservation period is a value associated with the resource reservation period field. Additionally, the period can also be replaced with periodicity.

[0127] 2) Continuous partial sensing

[0128] In mechanisms that monitor only a subset of time slots, the action for monitoring time slots is determined based on aperiodic reservation. Furthermore, aperiodic reservation is a value associated with the timeresource assignment field.

[0129] In addition, it is possible to set multiple resource allocation methods for a resource pool.

[0130] In addition, as one of the power-saving features, it supports SL-DRX (Discontinuous reception). That is, reception only occurs within a predetermined time interval.

[0131] As described above, partial monitoring is supported as one of the power-saving functions. In a resource pool where partial monitoring is configured, terminal 20 can perform the aforementioned periodic partial monitoring. Terminal 20 can receive information from base station 10 for configuring a resource pool in which partial monitoring is configured and periodic reservation is enabled.

[0132] Figure 10 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example of periodic partial monitoring. For example... Figure 10 As shown, Y candidate time slots are selected from the resource selection window [n+T1, n+T2] for resource selection.

[0133] You can also use t y SL Let t be one of the Y candidate time slots. y-k×Preserve SL The time slots are monitored as part of the periodic monitoring process.

[0134] P reserve It can correspond to all values ​​contained in the set or predefined collection sl-ResourceReservePeriodList. Alternatively, it can be set or predefined to be a subset of sl-ResourceReservePeriodList. reserve The value of P. reserve The `sl-ResourceReservePeriodList` can be set for each transmission resource pool in resource allocation mode 2. Furthermore, as a UE implementation, periods contained in the `sl-ResourceReservePeriodList` outside the defined subset can also be monitored. For example, terminal 20 can additionally monitor the period corresponding to `P_RSVP_Tx`.

[0135] Regarding the value of k, terminal 20 can monitor the latest monitoring opportunity within a certain reservation period, either before the resource selection trigger time slot n or before the start time slot of the Y candidate time slots subject to processing time constraints. Furthermore, terminal 20 can also additionally monitor periodic monitoring opportunities corresponding to a set of more than one k value. For example, the k value can be set to a value corresponding to the latest monitoring opportunity within a certain reservation period, either before the resource selection trigger time slot n or before the start time slot of the Y candidate time slots subject to processing time constraints, and a value corresponding to the monitoring opportunity immediately preceding the latest monitoring opportunity within that certain reservation period.

[0136] As described above, partial monitoring is supported as one of the power-saving functions. Within a resource pool where partial monitoring is configured, terminal 20 can perform the aforementioned continuous partial monitoring. Terminal 20 can receive information from base station 10 for configuring a resource pool in which partial monitoring is configured and non-periodic reservation is enabled.

[0137] Figure 11 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example of continuous segment monitoring. For example... Figure 11 As shown, when the resource selection trigger is set to time slot n, terminal 20 selects Y candidate time slots for resource selection from the resource selection window [n+T1, n+T2]. Figure 11 This is an example of the case where Y=7. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the start of the Y candidate time slots is denoted as time slot t. y1 Let the next time slot be t. y2 ..., denote the last of the Y candidate time slots as time slot t. yY .

[0138] Terminal 20 in the interval [n+T A n+T B Monitoring will be conducted at n+T B Or n+T B Later (let's call it n+T) C ) Perform resource selection. Additionally, the aforementioned periodic monitoring can also be performed. Furthermore, the interval [n+T] A n+T B ] of T A And T B It can be any value. Furthermore, n can be replaced with the index of any of the Y candidate time slots.

[0139] Additionally, the symbol [ can be replaced with the symbol (, and the symbol ] can be replaced with the symbol . Furthermore, for example, the interval [a, b] is the interval from time slot a to time slot b, including time slot a and time slot b. For example, the interval (a, b) is the interval from time slot a to time slot b, excluding time slot a and time slot b.

[0140] In addition, the candidate resources that are the objects of resource selection are recorded as Y candidate time slots, but it is also possible to use all time slots in the interval [n+T1, n+T2] as candidate time slots, or a portion of the time slots as candidate time slots.

[0141] Furthermore, as a method to improve reliability and latency performance, inter-terminal coordination is standardized. For example, inter-terminal coordination method 1 and inter-terminal coordination method 2 shown below are standardized. Hereinafter, the terminal 20 that sends coordination information is referred to as UE-A, and the terminal 20 that receives coordination information is referred to as UE-B.

[0142] Inter-UE Coordination Method 1) For UE-B to transmit, a preferred resource set and / or a non-preferred resource set are transmitted from UE-A to UE-B. Hereinafter, Inter-UE Coordination Method 1 will also be referred to as IUC Scheme 1 (Inter-UE coordination scheme 1).

[0143] Inter-UE coordination method 2) UE-A sends information to UE-B indicating resources that are expected to conflict with other transmitted or received resources and / or have been detected to conflict, as indicated by the SCI received from UE-B. This information may be sent via PSFCH. Hereinafter, inter-UE coordination method 2 will also be referred to as IUC scheme 2 (Inter-UE coordination scheme 2).

[0144] Sidelinks in 3GPP Release 16 or Release 17 are standardized in terms of 1) and 2) as shown below.

[0145] 1) Environments where only 3GPP terminals exist in the ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) band.

[0146] 2) Environments where UL resources can be used for SL within the licensed bands of FR1 (Frequency range 1) and FR2 as defined in NR.

[0147] For sidelinks developed in 3GPP Release 18 and later, the inclusion of unlicensed bands as new targets is being studied. Examples include unlicensed bands such as the 5GHz-7GHz band and the 60GHz band.

[0148] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates examples of frequency bands used in wireless communication systems. For example, the 3GPP Release 15 and Release 16 NR specifications explore the use of frequency bands above 52.6 GHz. Additionally, as... Figure 12 As shown, the currently used FR (Frequency range) 1 is specified to be a frequency band from 410MHz to 7.125GHz, the SCS (Subcarrier spacing) is 15, 30 or 60kHz, and the bandwidth is from 5MHz to 100MHz.

[0149] FR2-1 is a frequency band from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz, with SCS using 60, 120, or 240 kHz, and a bandwidth from 50 MHz to 400 MHz. For example... Figure 12 As shown, FR2-2 can be envisioned to range from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz. Furthermore, it can also be envisioned to support frequency bands exceeding 71 GHz.

[0150] When using a band domain exceeding 52.6 GHz, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) / Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread (DFT-S-OFDM) with larger sub-carrier spacing (SCS) can be applied.

[0151] Furthermore, in high-frequency bands like FR2-2, the increase in inter-carrier phase noise becomes a problem. Therefore, a larger (wider) SCS or single-carrier waveform is required.

[0152] For example, as examples of unlicensed band domains in the 5GHz-7GHz band, consider 5.15GHz to 5.35GHz, 5.47GHz to 5.725GHz, and above 5.925GHz, etc.

[0153] For example, as examples of unlicensed band domains in the 60 GHz band, consider 59 GHz to 66 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz or 66 GHz, 59.4 GHz to 62.9 GHz, etc.

[0154] In unauthorized band domains, various rules are defined to avoid affecting other systems or devices.

[0155] For example, in the 5GHz-7GHz frequency band, LBT (Listen before talk) is performed upon channel access. Base station 10 or terminal 20 performs power detection during a predetermined period before transmission. If the power exceeds a certain value, indicating that transmission from another device is detected, transmission is aborted (also known as LBT failure). Furthermore, a maximum channel occupancy time (MCOT) is specified. MCOT is the maximum time interval during which transmission is allowed to continue after LBT has commenced; for example, it is 4ms in Japan.

[0156] Furthermore, as a requirement for Occupied channel bandwidth (OCB), when transmitting using a certain carrier bandwidth, at least X% of that bandwidth must be used. For example, in Europe, it is required to use 80% to 100% of the Nominal Channel Bandwidth (NCB). The purpose of the OCB requirement is to ensure that power detection for channel access can be performed correctly.

[0157] Furthermore, regarding maximum transmit power and maximum power spectral density (PSD), to avoid excessive interference, transmission is specified to be conducted below predetermined transmit power levels. For example, in Europe, the maximum transmit power is 23 dBm in the 5150 MHz-5350 MHz band. Additionally, for example in Europe, the maximum power spectral density is 10 dBm / MHz in the 5150 MHz-5350 MHz band.

[0158] For example, in the 60GHz band, LBT is performed during channel access. Base station 10 or terminal 20 performs power detection during a predetermined period before transmission, and aborts transmission if the power exceeds a certain value, i.e., if transmission from another device is detected. Furthermore, regarding maximum transmission power and maximum power spectral density, transmission is specified to be performed below a predetermined transmission power. Additionally, the capability to meet OCB requirements is specified.

[0159] In NR, based on the differences in the time-direction behavior (the period during which monitoring is performed) of LBT, the following four types of channel access procedures are defined. Furthermore, this monitoring is a different action from the sidelink monitoring described above, and is referred to as LBT monitoring for distinction.

[0160] Type 1) Performs variable-time LBT monitoring before transmission. Also known as Category 4 LBT.

[0161] Type 2A) performs LBT monitoring for 25 μs before transmission. Also known as Category 2 LBT.

[0162] Type 2B performs a 16μs LBT monitoring before transmission. It is also known as Category 2 LBT.

[0163] Type 2C) Starts transmission without performing LBT. Same as transmission of the licensed band field.

[0164] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (1) of LBT. Figure 13 This is an example of a Type 1 channel access procedure. Type 1 is further classified into four classes representing Channel Access Priority Class (CAPC) based on differences in LBT monitoring length. LBT monitoring is performed during the following two periods.

[0165] The first period is the prioritization period or deferduration, with a duration of 16 + 9 × m. p The length of [μs]. m p Fixed values ​​are specified for each channel access priority category.

[0166] The second period is the backoff step, which has a length of 9 × N [μs]. The value of N is randomly determined from a certain range (refer to the CWS adjustment step in Non-Patent Document 4). N is the initial value of the backoff counter, which decreases by 1 each time no power of a signal from another device is detected during the 9 [μs] period.

[0167] In the above, the 9μs LBT monitoring period can also be referred to as the LBT monitoring time slot period.

[0168] exist Figure 13 In the example, m p =3, retention period is 43μs. For example Figure 13 As shown, the backoff counter is fixed during busy channel conditions. Additionally, as... Figure 13 As shown, in the event that an error is detected due to a conflict between the NR-U gNB and the wireless LAN node #2, the contention window size (CWS) in the NR-U gNB is increased from 3 to 13.

[0169] Figure 14 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (2) of LBT. Figure 14This is an example of a Type 2A or Type 2B channel access procedure without random backoff. A power detection interval of 25 μs is set for Type 2A and 16 μs for Type 2B before transmission.

[0170] Figure 15 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (3) of LBT. Figure 15 This is an example of a type 2C channel access procedure. For example... Figure 15 As shown, no power detection is performed before transmission, and transmission is executed immediately after an interval of no more than 16 μs. The maximum transmission period can be 584 μs.

[0171] As mentioned above, NR-U supports multiple LBT types. In type 1, the initial value N of the backoff counter is set from 0 to a range determined by the channel access priority category p. p Random numbers within the specified interval. Table 1 shows the m values ​​specified for each channel access priority category p in the UL. p CW p minimum value CW p,min CW p maximum value CW p,max Examples.

[0172] [Table 1]

[0173] As shown in Table 1, m is determined according to the channel access priority category p. p CW p,min CW p,max When p is 1, the LBT period calculated according to Table 1 is a minimum of 34 μs and a maximum of 88 μs. When p is 2, the LBT period calculated according to Table 1 is a minimum of 34 μs and a maximum of 160 μs. When p is 3, the LBT period calculated according to Table 1 is a minimum of 43 μs and a maximum of 9286 μs. When p is 4, the LBT period calculated according to Table 1 is a minimum of 79 μs and a maximum of 9286 μs. Table 1 is for UL applications.

[0174] The LBT type and channel access priority category can be determined based on notifications from base station 10, channel type, etc. The 25μs or 16μs gap can be set by base station 10 to take into account TA (Timing Advance) and CP extension.

[0175] The LBT applied to channel access operates on a predetermined bandwidth (e.g., 20MHz). Transmission can be performed even if no power is detected in the LBT channel containing each transmission. On the other hand, each CC in Uu can be defined with a bandwidth wider than the LBT channel. That is, wideband operation is supported. In addition, Uu is the radio interface between UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) and UE (User Equipment).

[0176] Figure 16 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (1) of broadband domain application. Figure 17 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (2) of broadband domain application. In the case of broadband domain application in an unlicensed band domain, such as... Figure 16 or Figure 17 As shown, in a gNB, if the LBT channel is partially or fully successful, transmission can be allowed in the LBT channel where the LBT was successfully performed. For example... Figure 16 As shown, a gNB can send a single, consecutive block, such as... Figure 17 As shown, gNB can send multiple non-contiguous blocks.

[0177] Regarding DL in the unlicensed band domain, DL type A is specified, which performs LBT on each channel, and DL type B, which performs LBT type 1 on randomly selected channels and LBT type 2A on the remaining channels.

[0178] DL type A is further classified into type A1 and type A2. In type A1, the contention window CWp is determined on a per-channel basis. In type A2, the CWp uses the largest CWp among those determined for each channel.

[0179] DL type B is further classified into type B1 and type B2. In type B1, a single CWp is applied to all channels. In type B2, the largest CWp among those determined for each channel is used.

[0180] If LBT is successfully performed on some or all of the LBT channels in a gNB, PDSCH transmission is permitted in the LBT channels where LBT was successful. A gNB can transmit a single block consecutively in the frequency direction, or it can transmit multiple blocks that are not consecutively in the frequency direction.

[0181] Figure 18 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (3) of broadband domain application. Figure 19 This is a diagram used to illustrate example (4) of broadband domain application. For example... Figure 18 or Figure 19 As shown, transmission is allowed when all LBTs in the UE successfully complete the LBT channels within the scheduled band domain. Figure 19 As shown, in the event of an LBT failure in a portion of the LBT channels, transmission may be disallowed.

[0182] Regarding ULs in the unlicensed band domain, the LBT type is determined based on the indication from the gNB. If LBT type 1 is indicated, and an LBT of the same type B as DL type B is performed in the immediately preceding UL, then LBT type 2 is applied, or LBT type 1 is applied. If an LBT fails in any LBT channel used for transmission, the UL is not transmitted in any LBT channel. Additionally, LBT channels can also be referred to as RB (Resource Block) sets. LBT channels and RB sets can be interchanged.

[0183] In LTE and 5G, sidelinks are standardized. However, their practical application is limited, and there are other use cases using similar standards. Areas without network coverage also need to be considered, assuming that UE-driven resource selection is the primary action. Therefore, it is difficult to differentiate communication quality from other standards.

[0184] The lack of incentive for network operators to use licensed bandwidth resources for sidelinks makes it difficult for them to allow sidelink communication. There are significant differences between sidelink and Uu communication in terms of channel and signal structure and operational procedures, and sidelink implementation faces higher barriers. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, there are situations where standard sidelink chips cannot be manufactured.

[0185] In 6G, there may be a need for terminal-to-terminal communication with extremely high quality. Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 20 As shown, NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) is being put into practical use, allowing terminals to assume they are within network coverage regardless of their geographical location.

[0186] exist Figure 20 In the example, NTN base station 10A includes terminals 20A and 20B within its coverage area, and terminals 20A and 20B perform sidelink communication based on network control. Base station 10C includes terminals 20C and 20D within its coverage area, and terminals 20C and 20D perform sidelink communication based on network control. Base station 10E includes terminal 20E within its coverage area, and base station 10F includes terminal 20F within its coverage area, and terminals 20E and 20F perform sidelink communication based on network control.

[0187] When the premise is that the system is within network coverage, it is possible to design the system under the premise of network control sidelink. That is, the same design as Uu's DL and UL can be applied to the specifications of the sidelink's channel, signal, and operation process. As a result, it is possible to achieve superior communication quality, simplify terminal implementation, and achieve commonality with Uu's implementation. By expanding the number of UEs capable of performing sidelink operations, new services can be generated, and the incentive to release licensed bandwidth to the sidelink is also increased.

[0188] Terminal 20 can also perform Uu communication with TN (Terrestrial Network) and / or NTN, and perform SL communication based on the Uu communication.

[0189] Action 1) For SL communication, both the sending UE and the receiving UE can perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN, and perform the operation based on this Uu communication. In addition, the terminal 20 can also control SL communication based on this Uu communication.

[0190] Action 1a) A UE that cannot perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN may also be unable to perform SL communication. The UE may also decide whether to apply this constraint based on notification from the network. There may also be exceptions to the application of this constraint, as described in Action 3) below.

[0191] Action 1b) The cells connected to the sending UE and the receiving UE can be the same or different cells. Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 21 As shown, UE-X and UE-Y can also perform Uu communication related to SL with the same BS. Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 As shown, UE-X and UE-Y can also perform SL-related Uu communication with different BSs.

[0192] When performing Uu communication related to SL with different BSs, one can be a TN cell and the other an NTN cell. An interface can also be specified for exchanging information related to SL communication between BSs, and the BSs perform information exchange based on this interface.

[0193] Action 1c) can also be limited to a UE with a specific function that can perform SL communication. For example, it can be limited to a UE with a location positioning function that can perform SL communication. For example, it can be limited to a UE with a monitoring function that can perform SL communication. For example, it can be limited to a UE with a UE discovery function (e.g., the function of discovering other UEs) that can perform SL communication.

[0194] Action 1d) can notify the UE from each cell whether Uu communication related to SL communication is possible in that cell, or whether SL communication based on that cell is possible. A UE performing SL communication can choose not to connect to cells that do not support SL communication, or can lower the connection priority. A UE performing SL communication can preferentially select cells that support SL communication as its handover destination. Additionally, a cell can be replaced with a base station.

[0195] Action 1e) Each UE may preferentially connect to the same cell as its SL communication counterpart. It may also notify other UEs performing SL communication which cell to connect to. For example, it may notify each UE performing SL communication which cell other UEs performing SL communication are connected to. The network may also notify the UE which cell its SL communication counterpart is connected to or which cell should be preferentially connected to for SL communication purposes. UEs performing SL communication may preferentially select the same cell as their SL communication counterpart as their handover destination.

[0196] Action 1f) The PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) to which the sending UE and receiving UE are connected can be the same or different PLMNs.

[0197] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 This example illustrates the same PLMN for both the sending and receiving UE connections. UE-X and UE-Y both perform Uu communication related to SL communication with the BS of PLMN-A.

[0198] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 This illustrates an example where the PLMNs that send and receive UE connections differ. UE-X performs Uu communication related to SL communication with the BS of PLMN-A, while UE-Y performs Uu communication related to SL communication with the BS of PLMN-B.

[0199] Action 1g) Uu communication related to SL communication can also be performed between PLMNs in a common cell. For example, Uu communication related to SL communication can also be performed in cells that UEs under multiple PLMNs can connect to.

[0200] (Action 1h) A UE performing Uu communication related to SL communication can also perform Uu communication related to SL communication in the cell of the PLMN to which the SL communication counterpart belongs (e.g., a cell of the PLMN to which this device does not belong). Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 25 As shown, UE-Y belonging to PLMN-B can perform Uu communication related to SL communication with the cell of PLMN-A to which UE-X, which is the counterpart of SL communication, belongs.

[0201] Action 1h can be performed by the sending UE, or by the receiving UE, or based on a notification from the BS, or by the PLMN to which the UE that made the resource request for the SL communication belongs.

[0202] For example, Uu data communication of this device can be performed within the cell of the PLMN to which this device belongs, and SL data communication of this device can also be performed based on Uu communication with the cell of the PLMN to which the SL communication counterpart belongs. It can connect to both the cell of the PLMN to which this device belongs and the cell of the PLMN to which the SL communication counterpart belongs simultaneously, or it can connect to one without connecting to the other. Communication with the cell of the PLMN to which the SL communication counterpart belongs can be performed based on notifications from the cell of the PLMN to which this device belongs, or it can be performed based on notifications from the cell of the PLMN to which the SL communication counterpart belongs.

[0203] Action 1i) can be based on a notification from the BS to determine the UE of the SL communication counterpart, i.e., the destination ID. Network-side applications can share the source ID and destination ID within the BS, and the BS can notify the sending UE (i.e., the source UE) of information related to the destination UE. That is, the UE receives the destination ID from the network / BS and performs communication with that destination ID.

[0204] Action 1j) can be performed by the source UE to determine the UE of the SL communication counterpart, i.e., to determine the destination ID. Applications within the UE can determine the SL communication counterpart. When the UE requests SL resources from the BS, it can report information related to the SL communication counterpart.

[0205] Action 2) When performing Uu communication with NTN, the UE can perform Uu communication with BS in NTN related to SL communication.

[0206] Action 3) can support SL communication-related actions for UEs that do not perform or are unable to perform Uu communication with TN and / or NTN.

[0207] A UE that does not perform or is unable to perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN may be limited to a UE without a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module), or it may only be able to perform SL communication as instructed by a UE that performs SL communication based on Uu communication. That is, a UE that does not perform or is unable to perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN may be a UE that does not perform user authentication on the network side.

[0208] A UE that performs SL communication based on Uu communication can report to the network which UE performs or controls SL communication with in the following A) to C) categories.

[0209] A) Perform SL communication with "UE that performs SL communication based on other Uu communication".

[0210] B) Perform SL communication with UEs that “do not perform or are unable to perform Uu communication with TN and / or NTN”.

[0211] C) Control SL communication between multiple UEs that "do not perform or are unable to perform Uu communication with TN and / or NTN".

[0212] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. The UE performing SL communication based on other Uu communication in A) above can be UE-Y, and UE-X can report to the network that it is A) above.

[0213] Figure 27 This is a diagram illustrating an example (7) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. The UE that does not perform or is unable to perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN in B) above is UE-Y, and UE-X can report to the network that it is UE-Y (as described in B).

[0214] Figure 28 This is a diagram illustrating an example (8) of communication in an embodiment of the present invention. The plurality of "UEs that do not perform or are unable to perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN" in C) above can be UE-Y and UE-Z, and UE-X can report to the network that it is C). In controlling SL communication among the plurality of "UEs that do not perform or are unable to perform Uu communication with the TN and / or NTN", it is conceivable that all of these UEs (UE-Y and UE-Z) can communicate with the UE (UE-X) that performs SL communication based on the Uu communication.

[0215] Furthermore, while the above embodiments utilize conventional SL channels and SL signal structures, they are not limited to these. For example, this embodiment can also be applied when an interlaced channel is used as a structure to meet OCB requirements.

[0216] Furthermore, the above embodiments can also be limited to applications that meet predetermined conditions. For example, they can be applied in association with predetermined SL channels or SL signals. For example, this embodiment can also be applied to any of PSCCH / PSSCH, PSFCH, S-SSB, and SL positioning RS. For example, it can also be applied based on predetermined settings or pre-set parameters. For example, in a resource pool, this embodiment can also be applied if it is "enabled" by setting or pre-setting parameters. For example, this embodiment may not be applied if the LBT method associated with the second SL transmission is not type 1 or is no longer type 1.

[0217] In addition, to apply LBT types 2A, 2B, or 2C, an additional transmission (TX) can be performed immediately before the transmission P, such as CP extension.

[0218] Additionally, it is possible to define whether this embodiment can be applied and the UE capabilities related to the action, and it is also possible to report to the base station 10 and / or the terminal 20, or not to report.

[0219] In addition, the SL transmission of the UE can be any one of PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, S-SSB, SL-PRS, and different channels or signals can be applied to each action in this embodiment.

[0220] In addition, at least one of the SL transmissions of the UE can be a UL transmission.

[0221] This embodiment can be applied to any of the following: resource selection, resource reselection, re-evaluation, and preemption check.

[0222] Furthermore, the method in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the above-described case of direct communication between terminals, and can also be applied to other similar cases.

[0223] The above embodiments are not limited to V2X terminals, but can also be applied to terminals that perform D2D communication.

[0224] Through the above embodiments, the BS in the TN or NTN can control the SL communication between UEs via Uu communication.

[0225] That is, the network can control direct communication between terminals.

[0226] (Device structure)

[0227] Next, an example of the functional structure of the base station 10 and terminal 20 performing the processes and actions described above will be explained. The base station 10 and terminal 20 include the functions implemented in the above embodiments. However, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may each have only a portion of the functions described in the embodiments.

[0228] <Base Station 10>

[0229] Figure 29 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10. (As shown...) Figure 29 As shown, the base station 10 includes a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. Figure 29 The functional structure shown is merely an example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of this invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional units can be arbitrary.

[0230] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and wirelessly transmitting the signal. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and obtaining, for example, higher-level information from the received signals. In addition, the transmitting unit 110 has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, DL reference signals, etc. to the terminal 20.

[0231] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information sent to the terminal 20 into a storage device, and reads it from the storage device as needed. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to D2D communication settings.

[0232] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs processing related to the settings for D2D communication by the terminal 20. Furthermore, the control unit 140 sends the scheduling of D2D and DL communication to the terminal 20 via the transmitting unit 110. Additionally, the control unit 140 receives information related to HARQ responses for D2D and DL communication from the terminal 20 via the receiving unit 120. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0233] Terminal 20

[0234] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20. (As shown...) Figure 30 As shown, the terminal 20 includes a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. Figure 30 The functional structure shown is merely an example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of this invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional units can be arbitrary.

[0235] The transmitting unit 210 generates a transmission signal based on the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains higher-layer signals from the received physical layer signals. Furthermore, the receiving unit 220 has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals or reference signals transmitted from the base station 10. For example, as D2D communication, the transmitting unit 210 transmits PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), etc., to other terminals 20, and the receiving unit 220 receives PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH from other terminals 20.

[0236] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received by the receiving unit 220 from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 in a storage device, and reads it from the storage device as needed. In addition, the setting unit 230 also stores preset setting information. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to D2D communication settings.

[0237] As described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 controls the D2D communication for establishing RRC connections with other terminals 20. Furthermore, the control unit 240 performs processing related to power saving. Additionally, the control unit 240 performs HARQ processing related to D2D and DL communication. Furthermore, the control unit 240 sends information to the base station 10 regarding HARQ responses for D2D and DL communication scheduled from the base station 10 for other terminals 20. Furthermore, the control unit 240 can also schedule D2D communication for other terminals 20. Furthermore, the control unit 240 can autonomously select resources for D2D communication from the resource selection window based on sidelink monitoring results, or it can perform reassessment or preemption. Additionally, the control unit 240 performs power saving processing related to D2D communication transmission and reception. Furthermore, the control unit 240 performs processing related to inter-terminal coordination in D2D communication. Furthermore, the control unit 240 performs LBT processing related to D2D communication. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functional units in the control unit 240 can be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the signal reception-related functional units in the control unit 240 can be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0238] (Hardware structure)

[0239] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 29 as well as Figure 30 The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (components) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within the aforementioned single or multiple devices.

[0240] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural part) that performs the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0241] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 may also be configured as a computer device that physically includes a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0242] Furthermore, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of base station 10 and terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to not include any of them.

[0243] The functions of base station 10 and terminal 20 are implemented by reading predetermined software (program) into hardware such as processor 1001 and storage device 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0244] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140 and control unit 240 described above can also be implemented using the processor 1001.

[0245] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage devices 1003 and communication devices 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program is used that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the actions described in the above embodiments. For example, Figure 29 The control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown can be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Alternatively, for example, Figure 30 The control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Although it has been described that the various processes described above are executed by one processor 1001, the various processes described above can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented by more than one chip. In addition, the program can also be sent from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0246] Storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. Storage device 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. Storage device 1002 can store programs (program code), software modules, etc., that are executable for implementing the communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0247] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of the following: CD-ROM (CompactDisc ROM) or other optical discs, hard disks, floppy disks, magneto-optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs), smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), floppy disks, magnetic stripes, etc. The aforementioned storage medium may, for example, be a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0248] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It may also be referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may, for example, be configured to include a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, transceiver antennas, amplifiers, transceiver units, transmission path interfaces, etc., can also be implemented using the communication device 1004. The transceiver unit may also be physically or logically separated into a transmitting unit and a receiving unit.

[0249] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0250] Furthermore, the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, among other devices, are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured using a single bus or different buses can be used between each device.

[0251] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0252] Figure 32 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 32 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0253] The drive unit 2002 may be composed, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a steering wheel) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0254] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0255] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that monitors the current of the motor, speed signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depress signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depress signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signal obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0256] The Information Service Unit 2012 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (such as keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.), and may also include output devices that perform output to external sources (such as displays, speakers, LED lights, touch panels, etc.).

[0257] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0258] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 29 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0259] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0260] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2028 described above, the information obtained based on those signals, and the information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user) to an external device. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0261] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit for outputting information (for example, outputting information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH). In addition, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0262] (Summary of implementation methods)

[0263] As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a terminal is provided, comprising: a communication unit that performs communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with a base station in a TN (Terrestrial Network) or NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); and a control unit that controls direct inter-terminal communication based on the communication related to direct inter-terminal communication, wherein the communication unit performs direct inter-terminal communication with other terminals, and the other terminals perform communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with the base station or other base stations.

[0264] With the above structure, the BS in the TN or NTN can control the SL communication between UEs via Uu communication. That is, the network can control direct communication between terminals.

[0265] If the communication unit is unable to communicate with the base station in the TN or NTN, the control unit may also refrain from performing direct inter-terminal communication. Through this structure, the BS in the TN or NTN can control SL communication between UEs via Uu communication.

[0266] The communication unit can also receive information from the base station indicating whether direct inter-terminal communication based on the base station is possible. Through this structure, the BS in a TN or NTN can control SL communication between UEs via Uu communication.

[0267] The control unit can also preferentially connect to the base station connected to the other terminals. Through this structure, the BS in a TN or NTN can control SL communication between UEs via Uu communication.

[0268] The control unit can be connected to the same or a different PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) as the other terminals. Through this structure, the BS in the TN or NTN can control SL communication between UEs via Uu communication.

[0269] In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a communication method is provided, in which a terminal performs the following steps: performing communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with a base station in a TN (Terrestrial Network) or NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network); controlling direct inter-terminal communication based on the communication related to direct inter-terminal communication; and performing direct inter-terminal communication with other terminals, wherein the other terminals perform communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with the base station or other base stations.

[0270] With the above structure, the BS in the TN or NTN can control the SL communication between UEs via Uu communication. That is, the network can control direct communication between terminals.

[0271] (Supplement to the implementation method)

[0272] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and replacements. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The distinctions between items in the above description are not essential to the present invention. Items described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical components. Multiple functional units may be operated by a single physical component, or a single functional unit may be operated by multiple physical components. Regarding the processing described in the embodiments, the order of processing may be interchanged unless there is a contradiction. For ease of explanation, a functional block diagram is used to illustrate the base station 10 and terminal 20, but such a device may also be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the base station 10 and the software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the terminal 20 may also be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server and other suitable storage media, respectively.

[0273] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, information notification may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. In addition, RRC signaling may also be referred to as an RRC message, for example, an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, etc.

[0274] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to systems utilizing LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The system may include at least one of 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems based on, modified, created, or defined by these systems. Furthermore, multiple systems may be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.).

[0275] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this specification may be rearranged in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order for the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0276] In this specification, certain actions performed by base station 10 may sometimes also be performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having base station 10, it is obvious that various actions performed to communicate with terminal 20 can be performed by at least one of base station 10 and other network nodes besides base station 10 (e.g., considering MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is only one other network node besides base station 10, but other network nodes can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0277] The information or signals described in this disclosure can be output from a higher (or lower) layer to a lower (or higher) layer. They can also be input or output via multiple network nodes.

[0278] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0279] The determination in this disclosure can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0280] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0281] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a webpage, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0282] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0283] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0284] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0285] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can be indicated using indexes.

[0286] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0287] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0288] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station RRH: Remote Radio Head). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0289] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control / actions.

[0290] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "User Terminal (user terminal)," "User Equipment (UE)," and "Terminal" can be used interchangeably.

[0291] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0292] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object with an arbitrary speed of movement. It also includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of mobile bodies include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, Drone (registered trademark), multi-rotor helicopters, quadcopter helicopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them. Additionally, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., car, airplane), a mobile body that moves unmanned (e.g., drone, autonomous vehicle), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0293] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a user terminal. For example, the communication between the base station and the user terminal can be replaced by communication between multiple terminals 20 (e.g., D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.), and various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied. In this case, the terminal 20 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. can also be replaced with side channel.

[0294] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of the aforementioned user terminal.

[0295] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." Moreover, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered as actions of "determining" or "determining." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include matters that are considered as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0296] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0297] The reference signal can be simply called RS (Reference Signal), or, depending on the standard applied, pilot.

[0298] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0299] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to a first element and a second element does not imply that only two elements can be used, or that in any form the first element must precede the second element.

[0300] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0301] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0302] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. In the time domain, one or more frames can be called subframes. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0303] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0304] In the time domain, a time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0305] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0306] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0307] For example, one subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and one time slot or one mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., symbols 1-13), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI can also be called a time slot, mini-time slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0308] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each terminal 20) in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0309] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than that TTI.

[0310] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can also be controlled.

[0311] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a regular TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0312] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can be understood as a TTI with a duration of more than 1ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can be understood as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1ms.

[0313] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0314] Furthermore, the temporal domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, and can be 1 time slot, 1 mini-time slot, 1 subframe, or 1 TTI in length. 1 TTI, 1 subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0315] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0316] Furthermore, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, 1RE can be a radio resource area with 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.

[0317] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0318] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. Terminal 20 can also be configured with one or more BWPs within a single carrier.

[0319] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and terminal 20 does not intend to transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., used in this disclosure can be replaced with "BWP."

[0320] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained in a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0321] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0322] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Furthermore, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0323] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually, in combination, or switched during execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0324] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0325] Label Explanation

[0326] 10 base stations

[0327] 110 Dispatch Department

[0328] 120 Receiving Department

[0329] 130 Setting Department

[0330] 140 Control Department

[0331] 20 terminals

[0332] 210 Sending Department

[0333] 220 Receiving Department

[0334] 230 Setting Department

[0335] 240 Control Department

[0336] 1001 processor

[0337] 1002 Storage device

[0338] 1003 Auxiliary storage device

[0339] 1004 Communication device

[0340] 1005 Input Device

[0341] 1006 Output Device

[0342] Vehicle 2001

[0343] 2002 Drive Unit

[0344] 2003 Steering Unit

[0345] 2004 Accelerator Pedal

[0346] 2005 Brake Pedal

[0347] 2006 gearshift lever

[0348] 2007 front wheel

[0349] 2008 rear wheel

[0350] 2009 axle

[0351] 2010 Electronic Control Department

[0352] 2012 Information Service Department

[0353] 2013 Communication Module

[0354] 2021 Current Sensor

[0355] 2022 Speed ​​Sensor

[0356] 2023 Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0357] 2024 vehicle speed sensor

[0358] 2025 Accelerometer

[0359] 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor

[0360] 2027 Gearshift sensor

[0361] 2028 Object Detection Sensor

[0362] 2029 Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0363] 2030 Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0364] 2031 microprocessor

[0365] 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0366] 2033 Communication Port (IO Port)

Claims

1. A terminal having: The communications department performs communications with base stations in a TN or NTN related to direct communication between terminals; where TN refers to a terrestrial network and NTN refers to a non-terrestrial network; and The control unit controls the direct communication between terminals based on the aforementioned communication related to direct communication between terminals. The communication unit performs direct inter-terminal communication with other terminals, and the other terminals perform communication related to direct inter-terminal communication with the base station or other base stations.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, If the communication unit is unable to communicate with a base station in a TN or NTN, the control unit will not perform direct communication between terminals.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The communication unit receives information from the base station indicating whether direct inter-terminal communication based on the base station can be performed.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit preferentially connects to the base station connected to the other terminals.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit is connected to the same or a different PLMN as the other terminals, where PLMN refers to a Public Land Mobile Network.

6. A communication method, wherein, The terminal performs the following steps: The base station in the TN or NTN performs communication related to direct communication between terminals. The TN refers to a terrestrial network and the NTN refers to a non-terrestrial network. Based on the communication related to direct communication between terminals, control direct communication between terminals; as well as It can communicate directly with other terminals, and the other terminals can perform communications related to the direct communication between terminals with the base station or other base stations.

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