Beam management in communications

Abstract

A method is disclosed, comprising: sending a (201) command from a device (104) to a terminal device (100) requesting the terminal device (100) to operate in a selected operating mode; and receiving from the terminal device (104) information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including the corresponding beam identifier and the optional corresponding reference signal received power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following example embodiments relate to wireless communication and beam management. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication, beam management can be used to optimize beam transmission and reception. It can involve beamforming, beam selection, beam switching, and / or beam tracking. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The scope of protection sought with respect to the various exemplary embodiments is set forth in the independent claims. Exemplary embodiments and features (if any) described in this specification that are not within the scope of the independent claims are to be interpreted as examples useful for understanding the various embodiments.

[0004] According to one aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the apparatus to at least: Send a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0005] According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising: Send a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0006] According to another aspect, a method is provided, comprising: The device sends a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam from the terminal device. The information includes the corresponding beam identifier and the optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0007] According to another aspect, a computer program including instructions is provided that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Send a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0008] According to another aspect, a computer-readable medium including program instructions is provided, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Send a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0009] According to another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Send a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0010] According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the apparatus to at least: Receives a command from the device requesting that the device operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, a corresponding beam identifier, and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0011] According to another aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising: Receives a command from the device requesting that the device operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, a corresponding beam identifier, and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0012] According to another aspect, a method is provided, comprising: The terminal device receives a command from the device requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode; The terminal device performs beam prediction using a subset of beams configured by the device for the terminal device in a selected operating mode. Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, a corresponding beam identifier, and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0013] According to another aspect, a computer program including instructions is provided that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Receives a command from the device requesting that the device operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, a corresponding beam identifier, and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0014] According to another aspect, a computer-readable medium including program instructions is provided, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Receives a command from the device requesting that the device operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, a corresponding beam identifier, and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0015] According to another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Receives a command from the device requesting that the device operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, a corresponding beam identifier, and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Attached Figure Description

[0016] In the following description, various exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network is shown; Figure 2 An example embodiment for beam prediction is shown; Figures 3 to 4 The execution was shown Figure 2 Various embodiments of the process; and Figure 5 A block diagram illustrating the structure of the apparatus according to an embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the specification may refer to "a," "an," or "some" embodiments in several places in the text, this does not necessarily mean that every reference is made to the same embodiment, or that a particular feature is applicable only to a single embodiment. Individual features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments.

[0018] Some exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented in wireless communication networks that include radio access networks based on one or more of the following radio access technologies (RATs): Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or any other second-generation radio access technology, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS, 3G) based on Basic Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced, Fourth Generation (4G), Fifth Generation (5G), 5G New Radio (NR), 5G Advanced (i.e., 3GPP NR Rel-18 and above), or Sixth Generation (6G). Some examples of radio access networks include Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Radio Access Network (UTRAN), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRA), or Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN). The wireless communication network may also include a core network, and some example embodiments may also be applied to the network functions of the core network.

[0019] It should be noted that the embodiments are not limited to the wireless communication network given as an example, but those skilled in the art can also apply the solution to other wireless communication networks or systems with the necessary properties. For example, some example embodiments can also be applied to communication systems based on the IEEE 802.11 standard or communication systems based on the IEEE 802.15 standard. IEEE is an abbreviation for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

[0020] Figure 1 An example of a simplified wireless communication network is depicted, showing some physical and logical entities. Figure 1The connections shown can be physical or logical. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the wireless communication network may also include, in addition to... Figure 1 Other physical and logical entities besides the entities and logical entities shown.

[0021] However, the exemplary embodiments described herein are not limited to the wireless communication networks given as examples, but those skilled in the art can apply the exemplary embodiments described herein to other wireless communication networks with the necessary properties.

[0022] Figure 1 The example wireless communication network shown includes a radio access network (RAN) and a core network 110.

[0023] Figure 1 User equipment (UE) 100, 102 is shown in a wireless connection configured with access node 104 of a radio access network on one or more communication channels in a radio cell.

[0024] Access node 104 may include a computing device configured to control the radio resources of access node 104 and wirelessly connected to one or more UEs 100, 102. Access node 104 may also be referred to as a base station, base transceiver station (BTS), access point, cell site, network node, radio access network node, or RAN node. Access node 104 may be, for example, an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB), a next-generation evolved NodeB (ng-eNB), or a next-generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), thereby providing a radio cell. Access node 104 may include or be coupled to a transceiver. A connection may be provided from the transceiver of access node 104 to an antenna element that establishes a bidirectional radio link to one or more UEs 100, 102. The antenna element may include an antenna or antenna element, or multiple antennas or antenna elements.

[0025] The radio connection (e.g., a radio link) from UE 100, 102 to access node 104 may be referred to as an uplink (UL) or reverse link, and the radio connection (e.g., a radio link) from access node 104 to UE 100, 102 may be referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link. UE 100 may also communicate directly with another UE 102 via a radio connection commonly referred to as a side link (SL), and vice versa. It should be understood that access node 104, or its functionality, may be implemented using any node, host, server, access point, or other entity suitable for providing such functionality.

[0026] A radio access network may include more than one access node 104, in which case the access nodes may also be configured to communicate with each other via wired or wireless links. These links between access nodes may be used to send and receive control plane signaling, and also to route data from one access node to another.

[0027] Access node 104 can also connect to core network (CN) 110. Core network 110 may include evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or 5G network. th The UE core network (5GC) may include network entities such as the Serving Gateway (S-GW for routing and forwarding data packets), the Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) for providing connectivity to external packet data networks, and / or the Mobility Management Entity (MME). The 5GC may include one or more network functions, such as at least one of the following: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), User Plane Function (UPF), Location Management Function (LMF), and / or Session Management Function (SMF).

[0028] The core network 110 may also be able to communicate with or utilize services provided by one or more external networks 113, such as the public switched telephone network or the Internet. For example, in a 5G wireless communication network, the UPF of the core network 110 may be configured to communicate with an external data network via the N6 interface. In an LTE wireless communication network, the P-GW of the core network 110 may be configured to communicate with an external data network.

[0029] It should also be understood that, compared to LTE or 5G, the functional distribution between core network operations and access node operations may differ in future wireless communication networks, or may not even exist.

[0030] The UEs 100 and 102 shown are a type of device to which resources on the air interface can be allocated and assigned. UEs 100 and 102 may also be referred to as wireless communication devices, subscriber units, mobile stations, remote terminals, access terminals, user terminals, terminal equipment, or user equipment, to name just a few. UEs 100 and 102 may be computing devices operating with or without a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), including but not limited to the following types of computing devices: mobile phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices, computing devices including wireless modems (e.g., alarm or measuring devices), laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, game consoles, notebooks, multimedia devices, redcap devices, wearable devices with radio components (e.g., watches, headphones, or glasses), sensors including wireless modems, or computing devices including wireless modems integrated into vehicles.

[0031] It should be understood that UE 100, 102 can also be virtually exclusive uplink-only devices, examples of which could be cameras or video cameras that load images or video clips onto the network. UE 100, 102 can also be devices capable of operating in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which are scenarios where the ability to deliver data over the network to objects can be provided without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction is required.

[0032] Wireless communication networks can also support the use of cloud services. For example, at least a portion of core network operations can be performed as a cloud service (this is in...). Figure 1 (Depicted by "cloud" 114). UEs 100 and 102 can also utilize cloud 114. In some applications, computations for a given UE can be performed in cloud 114 or in another UE.

[0033] Wireless communication networks can also include a central control entity, such as a Network Management System (NMS). An NMS is a centralized software and hardware suite used to monitor, control, and manage network infrastructure. The NMS is responsible for various tasks, such as fault management, configuration management, security management, performance management, and billing management. The NMS enables network operators to effectively manage and optimize network resources, thereby ensuring that the network delivers high performance, reliability, and security.

[0034] 5G enables the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in access node 104 and / or UEs 100, 102, a much larger number of base stations or access nodes than LTE networks (the so-called small cell concept), including macro sites that operate in conjunction with smaller stations and employ various radio technologies depending on service requirements, use cases, and / or available spectrum. 5G wireless communication networks can support a wide range of use cases and related applications, including video streaming, augmented reality, different data sharing methods, and various forms of machine-type applications such as (massive) machine-type communication (mMTC), including vehicle safety, various sensors, and real-time control.

[0035] In 5G wireless communication networks, access nodes and / or UEs can have multiple radio interfaces, such as sub-6 GHz, centimeter wave (cmWave), and millimeter wave (mmWave), and can also be integrated with traditional radio access technologies such as LTE. Integration with LTE can be implemented, for example, in a system where macro coverage can be provided by LTE, and 5G radio interface access can originate from small cells via aggregation to LTE. In other words, 5G wireless communication networks can support inter-RAT interoperability (such as interoperability between LTE and 5G) and inter-RI interoperability (inter-radio interface interoperability, such as sub-6 GHz, cmWave, and mmWave).

[0036] 5G wireless communication networks can also apply network slicing, where multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances) can be created within the same physical infrastructure to run services with different requirements for latency, reliability, throughput, and mobility.

[0037] In one embodiment, access node 104 may include: a radio unit (RU) comprising a radio transceiver (TRX), i.e., a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx); one or more distributed units (DUs) 105, which may be used for so-called Layer 1 (L1) processing and real-time Layer 2 (L2) processing; and a central unit (CU) 108 (also referred to as a centralized unit), which may be used for non-real-time L2 and Layer 3 (L3) processing. CU 108 may be connected to one or more DUs 105, for example, via an F1 interface. This embodiment of access node 104 enables the centralization of the CU relative to the cell site and the DU, while the DU may be more distributed and may even remain at the cell site. CU and DU together may also be referred to as baseband or baseband unit (BBU). CU and DU may also be included in a radio access point (RAP).

[0038] CU 108 may be a logical node hosting Radio Resource Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) for the NR protocol stack of Access Node 104, and / or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP). CU 108 may include a control plane (CU-CP), which may be a logical node hosting the control plane portion of the RRC and the PDCP protocol for the NR protocol stack of Access Node 104. CU 108 may also include a user plane (CU-UP), which may be a logical node hosting the user plane portion of the SDAP and PDCP protocols for the CU of Access Node 104.

[0039] DU 105 may be a logical node hosting the Radio Link Control (RLC), Media Access Control (MAC), and / or Physical (PHY) layers of the NR protocol stack used by Access Node 104. The operation of DU 105 may be controlled at least partially by CU 108. It should also be understood that the functional distribution between DU 105 and CU 108 may vary depending on the embodiment.

[0040] Cloud computing systems can also be used to provide CU 108 and / or DU 105. CUs provided by cloud computing systems can be referred to as virtualized CUs (vCUs). In addition to vCUs, virtualized DUs (vDUs) provided by cloud computing systems can also exist. Furthermore, combinations can exist where DUs can be implemented on so-called bare-metal solutions, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or customer-specific standard product (CSSP) system-on-chips (SoCs).

[0041] Edge cloud can be brought into the radio access network by leveraging Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). Using edge cloud can mean performing access node operations, at least partially, on a computing system operatively coupled to a Remote Radio Head (RRH) or Radio Unit (RU) at access node 104. Access node operations can also be performed on a distributed computing system or cloud computing system located at access node 104. The application of a cloud RAN architecture enables real-time RAN functions to be performed at the radio access network (e.g., in DU 105), while non-real-time functions are performed centrally (e.g., in CU 108).

[0042] 5G (or New Radio, NR) wireless communication networks can support multiple tiers, where multi-access edge computing (MEC) servers can be placed between the core network 110 and access nodes 104. It should be understood that MEC can also be applied to LTE wireless communication networks.

[0043] 5G wireless communication networks (“5G networks”) may also include non-terrestrial communication networks, such as satellite communication networks, to enhance or supplement the coverage of 5G radio access networks. For example, satellite communications can support data transmission between the 5G radio access network and the core network 110, thereby achieving broader network coverage. Possible use cases may include providing service continuity for machine-to-machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (IoT) devices or for passengers on transportation vehicles, or ensuring the service availability of critical communications and future rail, sea, or air communications. Satellite communications can utilize geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite systems, but can also utilize low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems, particularly mega-constellations (i.e., systems in which hundreds of (nanometer) satellites are deployed). A given satellite 106 in a large constellation can cover several satellite-enabled network entities that create a terrestrial cell. Terrestrial cells can be created via ground-based relay access nodes or via access nodes located on the ground or in satellites.

[0044] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that Figure 1 The access node 104 depicted is merely an example of a portion of a radio access network, and in practice, a radio access network may include multiple access nodes 104, UEs 100 and 102 may access multiple radio cells, and the radio access network may also include other devices, such as physical layer relay access nodes or other entities. At least one of the access nodes may be a home eNodeB or a home gNodeB. A home gNodeB or home eNodeB is an access node that can be used to provide indoor coverage in a home, office, or other indoor environment.

[0045] In addition, multiple different types of radio cells and multiple radio cells can be provided within the geographical area of ​​the radio access network. Radio cells can be macrocells (or umbrella cells), which can be areas with diameters of up to tens of kilometers, or smaller cells such as micro, femtocells, or picocells. Figure 1 Access node 104 can provide any type of these cells. A cellular radio network can be implemented as a multi-layered access network comprising several radio cells. In a multi-layered access network, one access node can provide one or more radio cells, thus multiple access nodes may be required to provide such a multi-layered access network.

[0046] To meet the need for improved performance in radio access networks, the concept of "plug-and-play" access nodes can be introduced. Besides home eNodeBs or home gNodeBs, radio access networks capable of using "plug-and-play" access nodes can include home node B gateways (HNB-GW). Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). An HNB-GW, which can be installed in an operator's radio access network, can aggregate traffic from a large number of home eNodeBs or home gNodeBs back to the operator's core network 110.

[0047] The following uses the principles and terminology of 5G radio access technology to describe some example embodiments; however, the example embodiments are not limited to 5G radio access technology.

[0048] To support AI / ML-enabled radio interfaces for cellular systems, AI / ML-based beam management aims to reduce overhead and latency through spatial and / or temporal beam prediction. AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) can improve the performance of air interface functions. The goal is to implement AI / ML technologies for the air interface. Model training and inference on the NW (Network) and / or UE (User Equipment) sides can be applied to AI / ML beam management. Beam management can be used for spatial and / or temporal beam prediction. Spatial beam prediction enables the prediction of the optimal Tx / Rx beam in different spatial locations. Temporal beam prediction enables the prediction of the most likely beam to be used at the next moment, e.g., beam prediction in the spatial domain.

[0049] Artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) for air interfaces can be used for aspects such as performance enhancement, reduced complexity, enhanced CSI feedback, reduced overhead, improved accuracy, beam management, beam prediction (e.g., beam prediction in the time and / or spatial domains for reduced overhead and latency, beam selection, accuracy improvement, enhanced positioning accuracy for different scenarios including those with heavy NLOS conditions, and / or support for gNB-UE collaboration).

[0050] Metrics / KPIs that can be used to evaluate beam management inference performance or beam prediction requirements / tests include RSRP accuracy, beam prediction accuracy (Top-1 (%), Top-K (%)), and the success rate of correct beam prediction. In correct beam prediction, the maximum RSRP of the Top-K predicted beams is considered to be greater than the RSRP of the strongest beam - x dB, where the relevant measurement accuracy can be taken into account to determine x and / or overhead / wait time reduction.

[0051] The testing mechanism for beam ID prediction impacts the UE-TE interface and low-overhead testing mechanisms. For model training on the NW side and / or UE side, and model inference for AI / ML beam management, KPIs for testing the output of AI / ML model / feature training / inference can be defined. For AI / ML beam management, KPIs based on beam prediction accuracy can be Top-1 (%) and Top-K / 1% (%) and RSRP prediction. When the UE runs AI / ML RSRP and beam ID prediction inference or training in the spatial and / or temporal domains, the network (NW) or test equipment (TE) can test the prediction accuracy of RSRP and beam ID with reduced overhead under favorable side conditions. The testing mechanism can target Top-1 (%) and Top-K (%) beam ID and RSRP prediction, with reduced reporting mechanism overhead. The testing mechanism can have some impact on the interface between the UE and the test equipment (TE) / NW to verify and validate beam prediction and RSRP prediction with KPIs from the protocol.

[0052] Figure 2 A signaling flow diagram according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0053] refer to Figure 2At point 201, a device such as TE / NW 104 sends a command to a terminal device such as User Equipment 100, requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode. The selected operating mode can be at least one of AI / ML-based beam management mode, AI / ML positioning mode, or AI / ML CSI compression mode. At point 202, the terminal device can send an acknowledgment to the device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the terminal device. At point 203, the device can receive the acknowledgment 202 from the terminal device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the terminal device. At point 204, the device can send a configuration to the terminal device configuring it to report information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam or the Top-1 and Top-K predicted beams, including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power. Furthermore, at 204, the device can send a configuration to the terminal device, configuring the terminal device to report information about the strongest beam simultaneously with information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power; or the device can obtain the theoretical value of the strongest beam at 203 or 207. At 205, the terminal device can receive the configuration instruction 204 and perform beam prediction using a subset of beams configured for the terminal device by the device in a selected operating mode. At 206, based on the beam prediction, the terminal device reports information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, or the Top-1 and Top-K strongest predicted beams (including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power), to the device for beam prediction verification. Additionally, at 206, the terminal device can report information about the strongest beam or information related to the strongest beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. At point 207, the device receives information from the terminal device regarding the Top-1 strongest predicted beam or the Top-1 and Top-K strongest predicted beams, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Furthermore, at point 207, the device can receive information from the terminal device regarding the strongest beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Furthermore, at point 207, the device can determine whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam. Furthermore, at point 207, the device can perform a beam prediction test based on whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam.If the strongest beam is not the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the device can define the beam prediction test as failed. If the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the device can compare the received power of the strongest beam reference signal with the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal. If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal is within the tolerance range, the device can define the beam prediction test as passed. If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal is outside the tolerance range, the device can define the beam prediction test as failed.

[0054] Figure 3 It shows that according to the Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates an example embodiment of the method performed by the apparatus 9800 depicted. For example, apparatus 9800 may be, include, or be incorporated into radio access network nodes 104, 104 B, 104 C, or distributed units 105, 105 B, or central units 108, 108 B, or the access and mobility management function (AMF) of the core network 110 or network function virtualization infrastructure, or user equipment 100, 102. For example, apparatus 9800 may be, include, or be incorporated into a TE / NW (Test Equipment / Network).

[0055] Reference Figure 3In block 501, a device such as a TE / NW sends a command to a terminal device such as a user equipment (UE) requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode. The selected operating mode can be at least one of an AI / ML-based beam management mode, an AI / ML positioning mode, or an AI / ML CSI compression mode. At block 502, the device can receive an acknowledgment from the terminal device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the terminal device. At block 504, the device can send a configuration to the terminal device configuring it to report information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Furthermore, at block 504, the device can send a configuration to the terminal device configuring it to report information about the strongest beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power, simultaneously with the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam; or the device can obtain the theoretical value of the strongest beam at blocks 503, 504, 505, or 506. At point 505, the device receives information from the terminal device regarding the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Additionally, at point 505, the device receives information from the terminal device regarding the strongest beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. At point 506, the device can determine whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam. Furthermore, at point 506, the device can perform a beam prediction test based on whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam. If the strongest beam is not the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the device can define the beam prediction test as failed. If the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the device can compare the received power of the strongest beam reference signal with the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal. If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal is within the tolerance range, the device can define the beam prediction test as passed. If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal is outside the tolerance range, the device can define the beam prediction test as failed.

[0056] In one embodiment, an apparatus such as TE / NW is configured to or include means for performing the method.

[0057] Figure 4 It shows that according to the Figure 5 The flowchart illustrates an example embodiment of the method performed by the device 9800 or user equipment 100, 102. For example, the device 9800 may be, include, or be incorporated into user equipment 100, 102 or a terminal device.

[0058] refer to Figure 4 In block 601, the terminal device receives a command from a device such as TE / NW requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode. The selected operating mode can be at least one of an AI / ML-based beam management mode, an AI / ML positioning mode, or an AI / ML CSI compression mode. At block 602, the terminal device can send an acknowledgment to the device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the terminal device. At block 603, the terminal device can receive a configuration from the device configuring the terminal device to report information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Furthermore, at block 603, the terminal device can receive a configuration from the device configuring the terminal device to report information about the strongest beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power, simultaneously with the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam. At block 604, the terminal device performs beam prediction in the selected operating mode using a subset of beams configured for the terminal device by the device. At point 605, based on the beam prediction, the terminal device reports information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam to the device for verifying the beam prediction. This information includes the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power. Furthermore, at point 605, the terminal device can report information about the strongest beam to the device, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0059] In one embodiment, a terminal device, such as a user equipment, is configured to include means for performing the method.

[0060] Therefore, to ensure that the UE's operating mode is known on the TE / NW side, command 201 can be sent from the TE / NW to the UE to enable the UE to operate in a specific mode. For example, the TE / NW can send command 201 to the UE to enable AI / ML-based beam management mode. The UE can then confirm the activation of the requested mode at 202. The TE / NW can then configure the UE at 204 to simultaneously report (multiple) strongest measured beams and (multiple) predicted beams. The theoretical value of the strongest beam may already be known on the TE / NW side. It can be obtained from the test setup configuration. The UE can start beam prediction at 205 using the beam subset configured by the TE / NW. The UE can report (multiple) strongest measured beams and Top-1 or Top-1 / Top-K (multiple) strongest predicted beams to the TE / NW at 206, including (multiple) beam IDs and optional (multiple) RSRPs. Finally, the TE / NW can verify whether the strongest beam ID is one of the Top-1 predicted beams.

[0061] In one example embodiment, the TE / NW can send a command to the UE to switch the UE to an AI / ML-based mode. The UE can send an acknowledgment to the NW / TE, instructing the UE to operate in AI / ML BM mode. Optionally, the UE can send a function indication, such as indicating whether the UE is performing inference or training for Top-1 or Top-K DL beam management in the spatial domain, or Top-1 or Top-K DL beam management in the temporal domain. The TE / NW can check this indication to determine whether the UE is performing inference for RSRP and beam ID prediction of the Top-1 / Top-K(multiple) beams in set A. The TE / NW can send the UE a configuration for measuring the entire set A. The TE / NW can send the UE a configuration and CSI-RS resources for fixing the set B beams. For example, the UE can be configured to use 16 set B beams to predict the Top-1 beams in 64 set A beams. The TE / NW can send a request to the UE to prepare the RSRP values ​​for the(multiple) Top-1 strongest beams in set A. The TE / NW can configure the UE to report the RSRP and beam ID predictions for (multiple) Top-1 beam results, and to report the RSRP value of the strongest beam in set A measurements. The theoretical value of the strongest beam may already be known on the TE / NW side. It can be obtained from the test setup configuration. The UE can use the L1-RSRP of set B beams as input to the neural network to perform predictions of the RSRP and beam IDs for (multiple) Top-1 beams in set A. The UE can report the predicted RSRP and beam IDs of (multiple) Top-1 beams in set A to the TE / NW. The UE can also report the RSRP measurements of the Top-1 beams in set A to the TE / NW. The TE / NW can verify whether the predicted (multiple) Top-1 beams include the strongest beam. If the strongest beam is located in the predicted (multiple) Top-1 beams, the TE / NW can check the predicted RSRP for the predicted (multiple) beam IDs. If the predicted RSRP of the strongest beam matches the measured RSRP of the strongest beam, there is no error. If the predicted RSRP of the Top-1 beam ID does not match the RSRP of the strongest beam, the TE / NW can check the tolerance margin.

[0062] In one example embodiment, the TE / NW can send a command to the UE to switch the UE to an AI / ML-based mode. The UE can send an acknowledgment to the NW / TE, instructing the UE to operate in AI / ML BM mode. The UE can send a function indication, such as whether the UE is performing inference or training in Top-K DL beam management in the spatial domain or in the temporal domain. The TE / NW checks this indication to determine whether the UE is performing inference for Top-K beam ID prediction. The NW / TE sends the configuration for measuring fixed set B and SSB or CSI-RS resources to the UE. For example, the UE can be configured to use 16 set B beams to predict the Top-1 beams in 64 set A beams, where set B beams are wide beams and set A beams are narrow beams. The NW / TE can send a pointer indicating whether the configured set B is CSI-RS or SSB. The TE / NW can send the configuration of the SSB or CSI-RS resources for set A beams. The TE / NW can configure the UE to report the predicted RSRP and beam ID of the beam results, and to report the RSRP values ​​of the (multiple) strongest beams in set A measurements. The theoretical value of the strongest beam may already be known on the TE / NW side. It can be obtained from the test setup configuration. The UE can use the L1-RSRP of set B beams as input to the neural network to perform RSRP and beam ID predictions for the (multiple) beams in set A. The UE can report the predicted RSRP and beam ID of the (multiple) Top-1 strongest predicted beams in set A to the TE / NW. The UE can also report the RSRP measurements of the (multiple) Top-1 strongest predicted beams in set A to the TE / NW. The TE / NW can verify whether the predicted Top-1 beams include the strongest beam. If the strongest beam is in the predicted Top-1 beams, the NW / TE can check the predicted RSRP against the (multiple) beam IDs. If the predicted RSRP of the strongest beam matches the measured RSRP of the strongest beam, there is no error. If the predicted RSRP of the (multiple) Top-1 beam IDs does not match the RSRP of the Top-1 strongest beam, the TE / NW can check the tolerance margin.

[0063] The above text uses Figures 2 to 4 The described blocks, related functions, and information exchanges (messages) do not have an absolute chronological order, and some of them may be executed simultaneously or in a different order than described. Other functions may also be executed between or within them, and other information may be sent and / or other rules may be applied. Some blocks or parts of blocks, or one or more messages, may also be omitted or replaced by corresponding blocks or parts of blocks, or one or more messages.

[0064] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”, means at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements.

[0065] Figure 5 An example of an apparatus 9800 including units for performing one or more of the example embodiments described above is shown. For example, apparatus 9800 may be, include, or be included in the access and mobility management functions (AMF) of user equipment 100, 102, radio access network nodes 104, 104B, 104C, or distributed units 105, 105B, or central units 108, 108B, or core network 110 or network function virtualization infrastructure. For example, apparatus 9800 may be, include, or be included in TE / NW (Test Equipment / Network).

[0066] Apparatus 9800 may include, for example, circuitry or chipsets suitable for implementing one or more of the example embodiments described above. Apparatus 9800 may be an electronic device including one or more electronic circuits. Apparatus 9800 may include communication control circuitry 9810 (such as at least one processor) and at least one memory 9820 storing instructions 9822, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause apparatus 9800 to perform one or more of the example embodiments described above. Such instructions 9822 may, for example, include computer program code (software). The at least one processor storing the instructions and the at least one memory may provide components for providing or causing execution of any of the methods and / or blocks described above.

[0067] The processor is coupled to memory 9820. The processor is configured to read data from memory 9820 and write data to memory 9820. Memory 9820 may include one or more memory cells. Memory cells may be volatile or non-volatile. It should be noted that one or more units of non-volatile memory and one or more units of volatile memory may be present, or alternatively, one or more units of non-volatile memory, or alternatively, one or more units of volatile memory. Volatile memory may be, for example, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM). Non-volatile memory may be, for example, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, optical storage, or magnetic storage. Generally, memory may be referred to as a non-transitory computer-readable medium. As used herein, the term "non-transitory" is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not tactile), rather than a limitation of the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM versus ROM). Memory 9820 stores computer-readable instructions that are executed by the processor. For example, non-volatile memory stores computer-readable instructions, and the processor uses volatile memory to execute instructions for temporary storage of data and / or instructions.

[0068] The computer-readable instructions may have been pre-stored in memory 9820, or alternatively or additionally, they may be received by the device via an electromagnetic carrier signal and / or copied from a physical entity such as a computer program product. Execution of the computer-readable instructions causes the device 9800 to perform one or more of the functions described above.

[0069] The memory 9820 can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and / or removable memory. The memory may include a configuration database for storing configuration data, such as a current list of neighboring cells, and in some example embodiments, a structure storing frames used in detected neighboring cells.

[0070] The device 9800 may also include or be connected to a communication interface 9830, such as a radio unit, which includes hardware and / or software for implementing a communication connection with one or more wireless communication devices according to one or more communication protocols. The communication interface 9830 includes at least one transmitter (Tx) and at least one receiver (Rx) that can be integrated into or connected to the device 9800. The communication interface 9830 may provide components for performing some of the blocks of the above-described example embodiments. The communication interface 9830 may include one or more components controlled by a corresponding control unit, such as: a power amplifier, a digital front end (DFE), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a frequency converter, a (de)modulator, and / or encoder / decoder circuitry.

[0071] Communication interface 9830 provides the device with radio communication capabilities for communication in a wireless communication network. The communication interface may, for example, provide a radio interface to one or more UEs 100, 102 or access node 104. Device 9800 may also include or connect to another interface toward core network 110 (such as a network coordinator device or AMF 111) and / or to access node 104 of the wireless communication network.

[0072] The apparatus 9800 may also include a scheduler 9840 configured to allocate radio resources. The scheduler 9840 may be configured together with the communication control circuitry 9810, or it may be configured separately.

[0073] It should be noted that the device 9800 may also include various components not shown in FIG98. These components may be hardware components and / or software components.

[0074] In one example embodiment, a computer program including instructions is provided that, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform at least the following operations: sending a command to a terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode; and receiving from the terminal device information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including a corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, a corresponding reference signal received power.

[0075] In one example embodiment, a computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: send a command to a terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode; and receive from the terminal device information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and optionally the corresponding reference signal received power.

[0076] In one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: sending a command to a terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode; and receiving from the terminal device information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including a corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0077] In one example embodiment, a computer program including instructions, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform at least the following operations: receiving from a device a command requesting the device to operate in a selected operating mode; performing beam prediction in the selected operating mode using a subset of beams configured for the device by the device; and reporting to the device, based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam for verification of the beam prediction, the information including a corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

[0078] In one example embodiment, a computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: receive from a means a command requesting the device to operate in a selected operating mode; perform beam prediction in the selected operating mode using a subset of beams configured by the means for the device; and, based on the beam prediction, report to the means information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam for verification of the beam prediction, the information including a corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, a corresponding reference signal received power.

[0079] In one example embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided including program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: receive from a means a command requesting the device to operate in a selected operating mode; perform beam prediction in the selected operating mode using a subset of beams configured for the device by the means; and, based on the beam prediction, report to the means information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam for verification of the beam prediction, the information including a corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, a corresponding reference signal received power.

[0080] As used in this application, the term "circuit" may refer to one or more of the following: a) a hardware circuit implementation only (such as an implementation in analog and / or digital circuits only); and b) a combination of hardware circuits and software, such as (if applicable): i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware, and ii) any part of a hardware processor with software (including multiple digital signal processors, software, and multiple memories that work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone) to perform various functions); and c) multiple hardware circuits and / or multiple processors, such as multiple microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but may be absent when operation is not required.

[0081] This definition of "circuit" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuit" also covers implementations of hardware circuitry or processors (or processors in general) or a portion thereof and their accompanying software and / or firmware. For example, and if applicable to a particular claim element, the term "circuit" also covers baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits used in mobile devices or servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or networking devices.

[0082] The techniques and methods described herein can be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques can be implemented in hardware (one or more devices), firmware (one or more devices), software (one or more modules), or a combination thereof. For hardware embodiments, the devices of exemplary embodiments may be implemented within one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), graphics processing units (GPUs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or combinations thereof. For firmware or software, implementation may be performed by modules (e.g., processes, functions, etc.) of at least one chipset performing the functions described herein. Software code may be stored in memory cells and executed by a processor. Memory cells may be implemented within or outside the processor. In the latter case, as is known in the art, it may be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means. Furthermore, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, the components of the systems described herein may be rearranged and / or supplemented by additional components to facilitate the achievement of various aspects of the description, and are not limited to the precise configuration illustrated in the given figures.

[0083] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, with advancements in technology, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways within the scope of the claims. Embodiments are not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the claims. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly, and they are intended to illustrate rather than limit the embodiments.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by said at least one processor, causing the apparatus to at least: Send a command to the terminal device, the command requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is made to: Determine whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus is made to: Beam prediction tests are performed based on whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein If the strongest beam identifier is not the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the device is configured to define the beam prediction test as failed. If the strongest beam identifier is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, then the device is configured to compare the received power of the strongest beam reference signal with the predicted received power of the strongest beam reference signal, wherein If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the predicted received power of the strongest beam reference signal is within a tolerance range, then the device is configured to define the beam prediction test as passed. If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal is outside the tolerance range, then the device is configured to define the beam prediction test as a failure.

5. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims is further configured such that: Receive confirmation from the terminal device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the terminal device.

6. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims is configured such that: Send a configuration to the terminal device to configure the terminal device to report information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power.

7. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims is further configured such that: Send to the terminal device a configuration to simultaneously report information about the strongest beam with the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information about the strongest beam including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power; or The theoretical value of the strongest beam is obtained from the device.

8. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims is further configured such that: The terminal device receives information about the strongest beam, which includes the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal receiving power.

9. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by said at least one processor, causing the apparatus to at least: Receives a command from the device, the command requesting the device to operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The information includes the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power.

10. The device according to claim 9, further comprising: Send a confirmation to the device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the device.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein: The device receives a configuration that configures the device to report information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power.

12. The device according to claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein: The device receives a configuration that configures the device to report information about the strongest beam simultaneously with the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information about the strongest beam including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power.

13. The device according to any one of claims 9 to 12, further comprising: The device reports information about the strongest beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal reception power.

14. The device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein, The device in question is a terminal device.

15. A method comprising: The device sends a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam from the terminal device. The information includes the corresponding beam identifier and the optional corresponding reference signal received power.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The device determines whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the method comprises: Beam prediction tests are performed based on whether the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein If the strongest beam is not the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the method includes defining the beam prediction test as failed by the device, and If the strongest beam is the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, then the method includes having the apparatus compare the received power of the strongest beam reference signal with the predicted received power of the strongest beam reference signal, wherein... If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the predicted received power of the strongest beam reference signal is within a tolerance range, then the method includes having the device define the beam prediction test as passed, and If, based on the comparison, the difference between the received power of the strongest beam reference signal and the received power of the predicted strongest beam reference signal is outside the tolerance range, then the method includes defining the beam prediction test as a failure by the device.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, further comprising: The device receives confirmation from the terminal device that the selected operating mode in the terminal device has been activated.

20. The method according to any of claims 15 or 19, comprising: The device sends a configuration to the terminal device, the configuration setting the terminal device to report information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, comprising: The device sends a configuration to the terminal device, which configures the terminal device to report information about the strongest beam simultaneously with the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information about the strongest beam including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power; or The theoretical value of the strongest beam is obtained from the device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, further comprising: The device receives information about the strongest beam from the terminal device, the information about the strongest beam including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal receiving power.

23. A method comprising: The terminal device receives a command from the device requesting the terminal device to operate in a selected operating mode; The terminal device performs beam prediction using a subset of beams configured by the device for the terminal device in a selected operating mode. Based on the beam prediction, the terminal device reports information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam to the apparatus for verifying the beam prediction. The information includes the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising: The terminal device sends a confirmation to the device confirming the activation of the selected operating mode in the terminal device.

25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, comprising: The terminal device receives a configuration from the device, the configuration configuring the terminal device to report the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding reference signal received power.

26. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, comprising: The terminal device receives a configuration from the device that configures the terminal device to report information about the strongest beam simultaneously with the information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, the information about the strongest beam including the corresponding beam identifier and, optionally, the corresponding corresponding reference signal received power.

27. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, further comprising: The terminal device reports information about the strongest beam to the apparatus, the information about the strongest beam including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal receiving power.

28. The apparatus, device, or method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the selected operating mode is at least one of the following: AI / ML-based beam management mode, AI / ML positioning mode, or AI / ML CSI compression mode.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Send a command to the terminal device requesting the terminal device to operate in the selected operating mode; The terminal device receives information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam, including the corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the following operations: Receives a command from the device requesting that the device operate in a selected operating mode; In the selected operating mode, beam prediction is performed using a subset of beams configured by the device for the equipment; Based on the beam prediction, information about the Top-1 strongest predicted beam is reported to the device for verification of the beam prediction. The Top-1 strongest predicted beam includes a corresponding beam identifier and an optional corresponding reference signal received power.

Images