A method for precise oil exchange in minimally invasive vitrectomy and a control system thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to vitrectomy technical field, specifically disclose a kind of accurate oil exchange method and its control system in minimally invasive vitrectomy, to the problems of mutual interference, intraocular pressure fluctuation, artificial push and team cooperation caused by the same channel shared by silicon oil injection and perfluorocarbon liquid suction in prior art, the present application is physically connected by three-way component silicon oil catheter and the silicon oil perfusion control interface of vitrectomy equipment, using gas-liquid exchange air pump to provide continuous stable air pressure power source, to drive silicon oil injection with constant working pressure;At the same time, by the single manual control of surgeon suction path, according to visual observation real-time adjustment suction speed, realize the independent double-channel control and dynamic balance of silicon oil injection and perfluorocarbon liquid suction.The present application is based on the high viscosity of silicon oil and the stable voltage characteristics of air pressure power source, significantly improves the accuracy, stability and safety of operation, reduces the operation difficulty and team cooperation dependence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vitrectomy technology, and more particularly to a method and control system for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy. Background Technology

[0002] Retinal detachment is a serious fundus disease that leads to blindness and poses a great threat to the patient's visual function. Minimally invasive vitrectomy is currently the mainstream surgical method for treating complex retinal detachment. It involves making a minimally invasive incision to perform intravitreal operations, aiming to restore the normal position and function of the retina.

[0003] Currently, in minimally invasive vitrectomy, especially for complex cases such as giant retinal tears, silicone oil, as a single, transparent oil bubble with high surface tension, fills the vitreous cavity. It can push the detached retina from the inside, making it adhere tightly to the choroid behind it. For retinal tears, the surface tension of the silicone oil bubble can block the tear, preventing intraocular fluid from flowing under the retina again through the tear, thus preventing the retina from detaching again.

[0004] In existing technologies, perfluorocarbon liquid is typically used for retinal reattachment. However, during silicone oil injection, the perfluorocarbon liquid needs to be aspirated from the vitreous cavity. Currently, the injection of silicone oil and the aspiration of perfluorocarbon liquid usually share the same channel. This leads to interference between the silicone oil and perfluorocarbon liquid within the same channel, resulting in poor individual adjustment of injection or aspiration rates and causing drastic fluctuations in intraocular pressure. Furthermore, the irrigation pressure of the vitrectomy equipment is currently adjusted using a foot pedal, and accidental touches or errors in pedal operation can also cause fluctuations in intraocular pressure, reducing the stability and safety of the vitrectomy surgery. Additionally, existing technologies also employ a two-person approach for oil exchange, where an assistant injects the silicone oil while the surgeon aspirates it. However, this method has inherent flaws: the high viscosity of silicone oil makes manual injection extremely difficult for the assistant, making it hard to maintain a uniform flow rate and easily generating "pulsating" thrusts that cause sudden and drastic fluctuations in intraocular pressure. Meanwhile, the assistant cannot visually see the situation inside the eye and can only rely on the surgeon's verbal instructions to adjust the thrust, resulting in a significant "perception-execution" delay and an inability to achieve true dynamic pressure balance.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the field for a method for oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy that can achieve higher precision, higher stability and higher safety, in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, this invention provides a precise oil-fluid exchange method and its control system for minimally invasive vitrectomy, which overcomes the problem in the prior art where the injection of silicone oil and the aspiration of perfluorinated carbon liquid share a single channel, causing silicone oil and perfluorinated carbon liquid to easily interfere with each other in the same channel, resulting in poor ability to adjust the injection or aspiration speed individually, as well as errors in accidentally touching or stepping on the foot pedal, ultimately leading to drastic fluctuations in intraocular pressure and reducing the stability and safety of vitrectomy.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy, comprising: S1, Fill the vitreous cavity with perfluorocarbon liquid until the perfluorocarbon liquid covers the retinal tear and fills the vitreous cavity; S2, the silicone oil conduit is physically connected to the silicone oil injection control interface of the vitrectomy device through the three-way assembly, and the built-in gas-liquid exchange pump of the vitrectomy device provides a non-human, continuous and stable air pressure power source. S3, start the pneumatic power source and control the vitrectomy device to drive the silicone oil at a preset and locked constant working pressure, so that the silicone oil overcomes the pipeline resistance and enters the vitreous cavity at a uniform flow rate, replacing manual injection. S4. While the silicone oil is being injected, the operator manually controls the suction path and adjusts the suction speed in real time according to the liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid observed by the operator and the injection speed of the silicone oil, so as to achieve the replacement of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil. S5, based on the high viscosity of silicone oil and the pressure stabilizing characteristics of the pneumatic power source, maintains dynamic stability of the pressure inside the vitreous cavity without human intervention until the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil have been exchanged.

[0008] Furthermore, the physical connection of the silicone oil conduit to the silicone oil infusion control interface of the vitrectomy device via the three-way assembly includes: Connect the main inlet of the three-way assembly to the air / infusion fluid outlet line of the vitrectomy device; Connect the side inlet of the three-way assembly to the silicone oil delivery line of the vitrectomy device; Connect the output port of the three-way connector to the infusion cannula pre-placed in the scleral incision of the eyeball.

[0009] Furthermore, the constant working pressure that conforms to the viscosity characteristics of silicone oil is 35-45 mmHg.

[0010] Furthermore, the pneumatic power source can automatically compensate for pressure loss in the pipeline to eliminate the pulsatile intraocular pressure fluctuations caused by manual injection of silicone oil in traditional two-person collaborative surgery methods.

[0011] Furthermore, the suction path is a whistle needle that meets a preset diameter range.

[0012] Furthermore, the manual control of the suction path includes: A needle is inserted into the vitreous cavity through an incision in the sclera of the eyeball, and the tip of the needle is positioned and maintained above the surface of the target liquid. The target liquid is then drawn into the corresponding container by the suction force of the needle.

[0013] Furthermore, the real-time adjustment of the aspiration rate based on the visually observed liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the injection rate of the silicone oil refers to the operator adjusting the negative pressure control hole of the needle to maintain a steady descent of the liquid level based on the liquid level and the injection rate of the silicone oil.

[0014] Furthermore, when the connection between the silicone oil injection paths accidentally becomes loose, the fluid blocking effect generated by the high viscosity of the silicone oil naturally slows down the rate of intraocular pressure decline and prevents eyeball collapse.

[0015] This invention also provides a precise oil exchange control system for minimally invasive vitrectomy, the system being used to implement any of the aforementioned precise oil exchange methods for minimally invasive vitrectomy, comprising: A filling unit for filling the vitreous cavity with perfluorocarbon liquid until the perfluorocarbon liquid covers the retinal tear and fills the vitreous cavity; The connection unit, connected to the filling unit, is used to physically connect the silicone oil conduit to the silicone oil injection control interface of the vitrectomy device through the three-way assembly. The built-in gas-liquid exchange pump of the vitrectomy device provides a non-human, continuous and stable air pressure power source to form a silicone oil injection path. The injection unit, connected to the connection unit, is used to start the pneumatic power source and control the vitrectomy device to drive the silicone oil at a preset and locked constant working pressure, so that the silicone oil overcomes the pipeline resistance and enters the vitreous cavity at a uniform flow rate, replacing manual injection. The suction unit, connected to the injection unit, is used to allow the operator to manually control the suction path while silicone oil is being injected. The suction speed is adjusted in real time based on the liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid observed visually and the injection speed of the silicone oil, so as to achieve the replacement of perfluorocarbon liquid and silicone oil. The control unit, connected to the suction unit, is used to maintain the dynamic stability of the pressure inside the vitreous cavity without human intervention, based on the high viscosity of silicone oil and the pressure stabilizing characteristics of the pneumatic power source, until the exchange of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil is completed.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Firstly, by replacing manual injection with machine-generated constant pressure, intraocular pressure fluctuations are eliminated at the source. This invention utilizes the air pump built into the vitrectomy machine as a power source, providing a non-human, absolutely constant air pressure driving force. This completely eliminates the problem of severe intraocular pressure fluctuations caused by the unavoidable muscle tremors, uneven injection speed, and "pulsating" fluctuations in the injection force that occur in traditional two-person surgeries when the assistant manually injects silicone oil, thus ensuring absolute stability at the injection end from a physical principle perspective.

[0017] Secondly, it solves the problem of full-diameter blockage and achieves micron-level suction control. This invention precisely positions and dynamically maintains the tip of the fine-diameter needle above the surface of the perfluorocarbon liquid. Through negative pressure suction, the perfluorocarbon liquid forms a column that is then drawn out. This solves the problem in traditional methods where the needle is typically inserted directly into the liquid, easily causing full-diameter blockage suction, leading to sudden changes in flow rate and difficulty in adjustment. By controlling the distance between the needle and the liquid surface and the magnitude of the negative pressure, the discharge rate can be precisely adjusted.

[0018] Third, a single-person closed-loop control system was established, eliminating team coordination delays. Because the injection end receives constant pressure from the machine, the operator does not need to be distracted by directing the assistant or worrying about delays in the assistant's coordination; they can focus solely on the aforementioned hovering and suction operation. This machine-controlled pressure + manual flow adjustment mode eliminates communication and execution delays in two-person coordination, achieving millisecond-level dynamic balance of intraocular pressure and reducing intraocular pressure fluctuations from 10–15 mmHg in traditional methods to less than 5 mmHg. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the precise oil exchange method during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the precise oil exchange control system in minimally invasive vitrectomy according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-way component of the precise oil exchange control system in minimally invasive vitrectomy according to an embodiment of the present invention; Attached reference numerals: 1. Output port, 2. Side input port, 3. Main input port. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a precise oil-fluid exchange method during minimally invasive vitrectomy, specifically including the following steps: Step S1: Fill the vitreous cavity with perfluorocarbon liquid until the perfluorocarbon liquid covers the retinal tear and fills the vitreous cavity; For example, the target liquid can be a perfluorocarbon liquid or a novel intraocular filler with a density that matches the eyeball.

[0026] Specifically, in complex cases such as giant retinal tears, where the retina may be flipped or rolled up, perfluorinated liquid can stably flatten the posterior edge of the tear, preventing further retinal slippage. In practice, perfluorinated liquid with a density of 1.76 g / cm³ to 1.94 g / cm³ is used. Since the density of perfluorinated carbon is much higher than that of water or other fluids in the vitreous cavity, when the perfluorinated liquid is injected into the vitreous cavity, the resulting liquid bubble, under the influence of gravity, pushes the detached or floating retina back into the vitreous cavity and presses it firmly against the eyeball wall, thus repositioning the retina.

[0027] For example, the vitreous cavity can be the human vitreous cavity or the vitreous cavity of other organisms.

[0028] Specifically, the injection continues until the perfluorocarbon liquid completely covers the posterior margin of all retinal tears and the anterior boundary rises to about 1-2 optic disc diameters below the plane of the posterior capsule of the lens, to ensure complete retinal repositioning.

[0029] Step S2: The silicone oil conduit is physically connected to the silicone oil injection control interface of the vitrectomy device through the three-way assembly, and the built-in gas-liquid exchange pump of the vitrectomy device provides a non-human, continuous and stable air pressure power source. Specifically, the connection of the silicone oil conduit to the silicone oil infusion control interface of the vitrectomy device via the three-way assembly includes: Connect the main inlet of the three-way assembly to the air / infusion fluid outlet line of the vitrectomy device; Connect the side inlet of the three-way assembly to the silicone oil delivery line of the vitrectomy device; Connect the output port of the three-way connector to the infusion cannula pre-placed in the scleral incision of the eyeball.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main inlet 3 of the standard infusion three-way assembly is connected to the infusion fluid outlet of the vitrectomy device for maintaining intraocular pressure; the side inlet 2 of the three-way assembly is connected to the silicone oil delivery line of the vitrectomy device; and the outlet 1 of the three-way assembly is connected to the infusion cannula pre-placed in the scleral incision of the eyeball.

[0031] Step S3: Start the pneumatic power source and control the vitrectomy device to drive the silicone oil at a preset and locked constant working pressure, so that the silicone oil overcomes the pipeline resistance and enters the vitreous cavity at a uniform flow rate, replacing manual injection. The constant working pressure that meets the viscosity characteristics of silicone oil is 35-45 mmHg.

[0032] Optionally, the range of constant working pressure is [35 mmHg, 45 mmHg], and preferably, the preferred embodiment of constant working pressure is 40 mmHg.

[0033] Specifically, a pressure setting of 35-45 mmHg provides a sufficient but not excessive initial driving force for silicone oil injection. This pressure range ensures that the silicone oil enters the vitreous cavity at a stable and controllable flow rate, allowing for smooth injection at an ideal flow rate within this pressure range.

[0034] Step S4: While the silicone oil is being injected, the operator manually controls the suction path and adjusts the suction speed in real time according to the liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid observed visually and the injection speed of the silicone oil, so as to achieve the replacement of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil. Specifically, the suction path is a whistle needle within a preset range that meets the preset diameter.

[0035] Specifically, manually controlling the suction path includes: A needle is inserted into the vitreous cavity through an incision in the sclera of the eyeball, and the tip of the needle is positioned and maintained above the surface of the target liquid. The target liquid is then drawn into the corresponding container by the suction force of the needle.

[0036] The adjustment of the aspiration rate based on the visually observed liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the injection rate of the silicone oil refers to the operator adjusting the negative pressure control hole of the needle to maintain a steady descent of the liquid level based on the liquid level and the injection rate of the silicone oil.

[0037] In one possible implementation, a fine-diameter 25G needle with a specification diameter of 0.50 mm or a 27G needle with a specification diameter of 0.40 mm is used, with the inner wall of the tube treated with an ultra-smooth finish to reduce fluid resistance and prevent cell or tissue adhesion.

[0038] The minimally invasive nature of the fine-diameter needles in the range of 0.40mm-0.50mm, and the increased fluid resistance resulting from the smaller tube diameter, actually helps to naturally limit the maximum suction flow rate, avoiding the impact of excessive suction on the vitreous cavity, thus providing a physical basis for achieving precise pressure control.

[0039] During the procedure, a selected fine-diameter needle is inserted into the vitreous cavity through a pre-established minimally invasive scleral incision. Under lateral illumination via fiber optics, the surgeon positions the tip of the needle and maintains it stably about 0.3mm-0.8mm directly above the surface of the perfluorocarbon liquid. This position ensures that the opening of the needle does not directly contact the surface of the perfluorocarbon liquid, but rather the liquid is aspirated by forming a column of liquid under negative pressure.

[0040] The removal path involves collecting the perfluorinated liquid within the vitreous cavity into a corresponding container via a needle.

[0041] Specifically, a dedicated suction pump for the whistle needle sets the negative pressure inside the needle tube within the range of 100-300 mmHg. This negative pressure generates suction through the internal tubes of the needle, drawing the perfluorocarbon liquid below to form an upward liquid column, which then flows steadily into the needle opening. The suctioned perfluorocarbon liquid is then transported to a sterile waste liquid collection container through a separate tube connected to the tail of the needle.

[0042] This invention, through a hovering aspiration method, effectively prevents turbulence and needle blockage that may occur when the needle is directly inserted into the perfluorocarbon liquid. The fine-diameter needle, combined with adjustable negative pressure, allows the surgeon to precisely control the drainage rate of the perfluorocarbon liquid at the milliliter level. By observing the shape and flow rate of the liquid column, the surgeon can adjust the negative pressure or needle height in real time to match the silicone oil injection rate, thereby reducing intraoperative intraocular pressure fluctuations from the traditional ±10 mmHg to ±5 mmHg. This improves the accuracy and stability of the perfluorocarbon liquid aspiration process. Based on this stability, this invention stabilizes the core stage of oil exchange within 8-12 minutes, significantly superior to traditional methods.

[0043] In existing technologies, perfluorinated liquid is usually aspirated before silicone oil is injected. This method relies on the assistant's predictive synchronization with the surgeon and cannot respond to instantaneous changes in the eye in real time. However, this invention allows the surgeon to control both injection and aspiration simultaneously, forming a real-time closed-loop feedback. The surgeon can visually observe the fluid flow at the needle tip, the position of the retina, and subtle changes in intraocular pressure, and process and adjust the manual aspiration operation in real time. Combined with constant injection, the injection volume matches the drainage volume. Based on this improvement, the intraocular pressure fluctuation range during surgery is reduced from 10-15 mmHg in the traditional method to 5 mmHg in this method, creating a stable internal environment for the surgical process.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the surgeon uses a fiber optic cable for illumination in one hand and a needle in the other, inserting it into the vitreous cavity through a scleral incision. Under lateral illumination from the fiber optic cable, the needle is positioned directly above the surface of the perfluorocarbon liquid, while maintaining dynamic pressure balance within the vitreous cavity. As silicone oil is continuously injected, the perfluorocarbon liquid level slowly decreases. Simultaneously, the surgeon subtly withdraws the needle towards the eyeball wall, keeping the needle tip suspended above the perfluorocarbon liquid level. The needle can be equipped with a distance sensor or optical marker to monitor the distance between the needle tip and the liquid surface in real time, providing feedback to the surgeon via a display device. The vitrectomy device can integrate an image-guided system, displaying the needle position and liquid level in real time via optical coherence tomography. When the perfluorocarbon liquid level has dropped to the bottom of the eyeball, the suction is slightly increased to remove any remaining perfluorocarbon liquid, at which point the oil exchange is complete.

[0045] Optionally, the preset pressure range can be [35 mmHg, 45 mmHg], and preferably, the preferred embodiment of the preset pressure range is [38 mmHg, 42 mmHg].

[0046] Specifically, when the pressure value inside the vitreous cavity is greater than or equal to a preset pressure range by less than 0.5 mmHg, the aspiration rate of the target liquid is adjusted to 1.1 times the current aspiration rate. When the pressure value inside the vitreous cavity is greater than or equal to a preset pressure range by more than 0.5 mmHg, the aspiration rate is increased by 0.01 times for every 0.1 mmHg increase. In a specific embodiment, the pressure value inside the vitreous cavity is 43 mmHg, the preset pressure range is [38 mmHg, 42 mmHg], and the current aspiration rate of the target liquid is 0.4 ml / min. Therefore, the increased aspiration rate of the target liquid is 0.4 ml / min × [1.1 + (43 mmHg - 42 mmHg - 0.5 mmHg) ÷ 0.1 mmHg × 0.01] = 0.46 ml / min. Similarly, if the pressure value inside the vitreous cavity is less than the preset pressure range, the aspiration rate of the target liquid is reduced using the same adjustment method.

[0047] Thanks to the automated management of the injection end by the constant pressure drive of the machine, this invention optimizes the traditional 15-20 minute process that requires an assistant to complete into a single, efficient, and continuous procedure within 8-12 minutes by a single surgeon. It integrates the three core tasks of illumination, oil injection, and drainage into one person, eliminating delays and errors caused by communication and coordination, and improving the accuracy, stability, and safety of minimally invasive vitrectomy. It simplifies the complex balancing process into specific steps that can be learned and trained by a single person, thereby reducing the learning difficulty of minimally invasive vitrectomy, increasing its adoption rate, and accelerating its promotion and application.

[0048] Step S5: Based on the high viscosity of silicone oil and the pressure stabilizing characteristics of the pneumatic power source, the pressure inside the vitreous cavity is kept dynamically stable without human intervention until the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil have been exchanged.

[0049] When the connection between the silicone oil injection paths accidentally becomes loose, the fluid blockage effect generated by the high viscosity of silicone oil naturally slows down the rate of intraocular pressure decline and prevents the eyeball from collapsing.

[0050] This invention elevates the oil exchange step in vitrectomy from a skill that relies on individual touch and teamwork into a standardized and precise technical system that can be analyzed, taught, and replicated. This enhances the digitalization and standardization of surgical procedures and provides an operational paradigm for future surgical robots to perform such complex tasks.

[0051] To verify the effectiveness and safety of the precise oil-fluid exchange method based on three-way component connection and constant pressure control proposed in this invention in clinical practice, this study collected cases of minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery performed using the precise oil-fluid exchange method described in this invention from 2019 to 2024. A total of 43 patients diagnosed with giant retinal detachment and undergoing vitrectomy were collected. All patients used the oil-fluid exchange technology described in this invention during vitrectomy. The specific operation was as follows: the silicone oil tubing was connected to the equipment infusion interface through the three-way component, a constant infusion pressure (35-45 mmHg) was set, and the surgeon simultaneously performed foot-operated oil injection and manual needle aspiration. This embodiment focuses on the safety and effectiveness indicators related to the oil-fluid exchange process, and the results are as follows: Silicone oil was successfully injected into the vitreous cavity in all 43 patients (100%). Zero cases of interface detachment or oil leakage occurred. No silicone oil splashing or pressure interruption events due to unstable pipeline connections occurred during the procedure, verifying the mechanical stability of the tee assembly and Luer locking connection under constant pressure infusion. No cases of ocular deformation caused by intraocular pressure fluctuations were observed. Throughout the oil exchange process, thanks to the physical balance between the constant pressure source and the viscosity of the silicone oil, no ocular collapse or sudden increase in intraocular pressure, which is common in the traditional injection method, was observed, and the ocular shape remained full and stable. No heavy water residue was found in any case. Postoperative examination showed no visible perfluorinated fluid vesicles in the fundus of any patient. This indicates that the surgeon, through a dual-channel control strategy of visual feedback and manual adjustment, was able to achieve more precise fluid level tracking and complete aspiration than automated procedures. The retinal reattachment rate was 100%. Postoperative follow-up showed that the retina was well anatomically reattached in all 43 patients, and the retinal tear was effectively closed. Silicone oil removal: All patients successfully underwent silicone oil removal surgery after reaching the filling period, with no related complications.

[0052] The above-mentioned 43 cases with a long clinical span fully demonstrate the technical advantages of the present invention: High safety: It completely solves the problems of drastic fluctuations in intraocular pressure and eyeball deformation caused by traditional manual injection of silicone oil, with an adverse event rate of 0, effectively protecting the structure of the eyeball; High reliability: Compared to complex electronic feedback systems, the physical connection-based solution of this invention exhibits extremely high stability over long clinical periods, with an interface failure rate of 0. Precision: The surgeon's single-person closed-loop operation achieves a zero-residue replacement effect, ensuring a high success rate for the surgery.

[0053] Example 2 The above are some specific implementations of the precise oil-fluid exchange method in minimally invasive vitrectomy provided in the embodiments of this application. Based on this, this application also provides a corresponding precise oil-fluid exchange control system for minimally invasive vitrectomy. The system provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below from the perspective of functional modularity. Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the precise oil exchange control system for minimally invasive vitrectomy provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0054] The precise oil exchange control system in minimally invasive vitrectomy includes: A filling unit for filling the vitreous cavity with perfluorocarbon liquid until the perfluorocarbon liquid covers the retinal tear and fills the vitreous cavity; The connecting unit, connected to the filling unit, is used to connect the silicone oil conduit to the silicone oil injection control interface of the vitrectomy device through the three-way assembly, and to provide a pneumatic power source through the injection control interface to form a silicone oil injection path. The injection unit, connected to the connection unit, controls the vitrectomy device to output silicone oil at a constant working pressure conforming to the viscosity characteristics of silicone oil, so that the silicone oil is introduced into the vitreous cavity through the silicone oil conduit. The suction unit, connected to the injection unit, is used to manually control the suction path while injecting silicone oil into the vitreous cavity. The suction speed is adjusted according to the liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid observed visually and the injection speed of the silicone oil, so as to achieve the replacement of perfluorocarbon liquid and silicone oil. The control unit, connected to the suction unit, is used to maintain the dynamic stability of the pressure inside the vitreous cavity based on the high viscosity of silicone oil and a constant working pressure that conforms to the viscosity characteristics of silicone oil, until the exchange between the target liquid and the silicone oil is completed.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the filling unit includes: Perfluorocarbon liquid storage bottle: for containing sterile perfluorocarbon liquid; Perfluorocarbon liquid delivery line: Connected to a perfluorocarbon liquid storage bottle, it is a chemically inert special conduit with a spiral connector; Perfluorocarbon liquid injection needle: Connected to the perfluorocarbon liquid infusion line, it is a 23G or 25G blunt needle used to inject perfluorocarbon liquid through the scleral incision.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the connection unit includes: Silicone oil conduit: A silicone oil injection conduit specifically designed for vitrectomy equipment; Three-way assembly: It can be a dedicated disposable three-way valve provided by the vitrectomy equipment manufacturer, or a general medical three-way valve.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the switching unit includes: Injection assembly: Connected to the control assembly, used to inject silicone oil from the vitrectomy device into the vitreous cavity; Suction assembly: Connected to the control assembly, it includes a fine-diameter needle for suctioning perfluorocarbon liquid from the vitreous cavity; and a dedicated suction pump for the needle to provide the negative pressure environment required for suctioning perfluorocarbon liquid.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the control unit includes: The vitrectomy device has a built-in pressure control system for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the silicone oil injection pressure.

[0059] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems or apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0060] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one" refers to one or more items, and "more" refers to two or more items. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, "at least one" of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms center, longitudinal, transverse, up, down, front, back, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inside, outside, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0062] It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms installation, connection, and linking should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0063] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy, characterized in that, include: S1, Fill the vitreous cavity with perfluorocarbon liquid until the perfluorocarbon liquid covers the retinal tear and fills the vitreous cavity; S2, the silicone oil conduit is physically connected to the silicone oil injection control interface of the vitrectomy device through the three-way assembly, and the built-in gas-liquid exchange pump of the vitrectomy device provides a non-human, continuous and stable air pressure power source. S3, start the pneumatic power source and control the vitrectomy device to drive the silicone oil at a preset and locked constant working pressure, so that the silicone oil overcomes the pipeline resistance and enters the vitreous cavity at a uniform flow rate, replacing manual injection. S4. While the silicone oil is being injected, the operator manually controls the suction path and adjusts the suction speed in real time according to the liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid observed by the operator and the injection speed of the silicone oil, so as to achieve the replacement of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil. S5, based on the high viscosity of silicone oil and the pressure stabilizing characteristics of the pneumatic power source, maintains dynamic stability of the pressure inside the vitreous cavity without human intervention until the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil have been exchanged.

2. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical connection of the silicone oil conduit to the silicone oil infusion control interface of the vitrectomy device via the three-way assembly includes: Connect the main inlet of the three-way assembly to the air / infusion fluid outlet line of the vitrectomy device; Connect the side inlet of the three-way assembly to the silicone oil delivery line of the vitrectomy device; Connect the output port of the three-way connector to the infusion cannula pre-placed in the scleral incision of the eyeball.

3. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant working pressure that conforms to the viscosity characteristics of silicone oil is 35-45 mmHg.

4. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pneumatic power source can automatically compensate for pressure loss in the pipeline to eliminate the pulsatile intraocular pressure fluctuations caused by manual injection of silicone oil in traditional two-person collaborative surgery methods.

5. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suction path is a whistle needle that meets a preset diameter range.

6. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manually controlled suction path includes: A needle is inserted into the vitreous cavity through an incision in the sclera of the eyeball, and the tip of the needle is positioned and maintained above the surface of the target liquid. The target liquid is then drawn into the corresponding container by the suction force of the needle.

7. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phrase "adjusting the suction speed in real time based on the visually observed liquid level of perfluorocarbon liquid and the injection speed of silicone oil" refers to the operator adjusting the negative pressure control hole of the needle to maintain a steady descent of the liquid level based on the liquid level and the injection speed of silicone oil.

8. The method for precise oil exchange during minimally invasive vitrectomy according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the connection between the paths of silicone oil injection accidentally comes loose, the fluid blocking effect generated by the high viscosity of silicone oil naturally slows down the rate of intraocular pressure decline and prevents the eyeball from collapsing.

9. A precise oil exchange control system for minimally invasive vitrectomy, the system being used to implement the precise oil exchange method for minimally invasive vitrectomy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: A filling unit for filling the vitreous cavity with perfluorocarbon liquid until the perfluorocarbon liquid covers the retinal tear and fills the vitreous cavity; The connection unit, connected to the filling unit, is used to physically connect the silicone oil conduit to the silicone oil injection control interface of the vitrectomy device through the three-way assembly. The built-in gas-liquid exchange pump of the vitrectomy device provides a non-human, continuous and stable air pressure power source to form a silicone oil injection path. The injection unit, connected to the connection unit, is used to start the pneumatic power source and control the vitrectomy device to drive the silicone oil at a preset and locked constant working pressure, so that the silicone oil overcomes the pipeline resistance and enters the vitreous cavity at a uniform flow rate, replacing manual injection. The suction unit, connected to the injection unit, is used to allow the operator to manually control the suction path while silicone oil is being injected. The suction speed is adjusted in real time based on the liquid level of the perfluorocarbon liquid observed visually and the injection speed of the silicone oil, so as to achieve the replacement of perfluorocarbon liquid and silicone oil. The control unit, connected to the suction unit, is used to maintain the dynamic stability of the pressure inside the vitreous cavity without human intervention, based on the high viscosity of silicone oil and the pressure stabilizing characteristics of the pneumatic power source, until the exchange of the perfluorocarbon liquid and the silicone oil is completed.

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