Cladding deformation control method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of welding, and provides a surfacing deformation control method and system. The surfacing deformation control method comprises the following steps: assembling a pair of positioning arm base plates side by side on a lower cover plate of a side beam assembly; and welding the pair of positioning arm base plates on the lower cover plate in a welding sequence of short first and long later. The surfacing deformation control method and system are used to solve the defects in the related art, such as low welding process efficiency of the positioning arm assembly, easy operation deviation, and difficulty in meeting the requirements of high precision and high reliability. Compared with the previous operation method, the assembly sequence and the welding sequence of the positioning arm base plate are optimized, the positioning arm base plate after welding can effectively reduce the unmelted joint defects, reduce the repair, and further improve the process production efficiency and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding, and provides a method and system for controlling weld overlay deformation. Background Technology

[0002] The side beam of a railway vehicle bogie is one of the key load-bearing components, and the positioning arm is usually welded to the lower cover plate of the side beam. As one of the positioning structures of the side beam, the welding quality between the positioning arm and the side beam directly affects the driving safety and the service life of the bogie.

[0003] In existing bogie structures, the connection between the positioning arm and the lower cover plate of the side beam typically features an arc-shaped structure. However, due to the unique characteristics of the arc-shaped structure, existing positioning arm welding methods suffer from complex welding procedures, high operational difficulty, and increased welding time. Furthermore, the welding process of the positioning arm is limited by the curved surface, preventing fully automated robotic welding of the entire perimeter. It relies on manual assistance or semi-automated welding, resulting in low efficiency and susceptibility to operational errors. This makes it difficult to meet high precision and high reliability requirements and fails to fully leverage the advantages of automated robotic welding. This has become a bottleneck restricting the production efficiency and product quality of the entire production line.

[0004] Furthermore, existing side beam positioning arm welding methods suffer from at least the following drawbacks: poor control of welding deformation and uneven thermal expansion and contraction caused by concentrated heat input lead to dimensional and positional deviations; post-weld correction difficulties further exacerbate the complexity and excessive time required for the process; and failures such as weld layer peeling and substrate cracking are caused by excessive residual stress, along with poor process stability and insufficient batch production consistency. These problems severely affect process stability, increase production costs, and make it difficult for the welded side beam positioning arm, side beam, and the entire bogie to meet the process design standards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method and system for controlling welding deformation, which addresses the shortcomings of low welding efficiency and easy operational deviations in the positioning arm assembly in related technologies, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high reliability.

[0006] This invention provides a method for controlling weld overlay deformation, comprising the following steps: A pair of positioning arm seat plates are assembled side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly; Following the welding sequence of shorter to longer sections, the pair of positioning arm base plates are welded to the lower cover plate respectively.

[0007] According to a method for controlling welding deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in a welding sequence of first the shorter ones and then the longer ones further includes the following steps: A short-side weld is welded, which connects the short-side welded portion of the positioning arm base plate to the lower cover plate; A long-side weld is welded, which connects the long-side welded portion of the positioning arm base plate to the lower cover plate.

[0008] According to a method for controlling welding deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding a short-side weld, wherein the short-side weld connects the short-side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate, further includes the following steps: A welding pretreatment layer is provided, which is connected between the short side welding portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate. A grinding auxiliary layer is welded onto the pretreatment layer.

[0009] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, the pretreatment layer includes at least two layers of pretreatment weld beads, each layer of pretreatment weld beads is welded together from bottom to top, and each layer of pretreatment weld beads is located at least on the short side welding portion of the positioning arm seat plate.

[0010] According to a method for controlling welding deformation provided by the present invention, at least one layer of the pre-treatment weld has both ends located on the long side welding portions on both sides of the positioning arm base plate.

[0011] According to a method for controlling weld overlay deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding and grinding auxiliary layer on the pretreatment layer to form short-side weld further includes the following steps: Two auxiliary weld lines are welded between the short side welded portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate, respectively. A filler weld bead is welded between the two auxiliary weld beads.

[0012] According to a method for controlling weld overlay deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding two auxiliary weld passes between the short side weld portion of the positioning arm seat plate and the lower cover plate further includes: The short side welding portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate are respectively provided with the arc starting position of the auxiliary weld bead and the arc ending position of the auxiliary weld bead.

[0013] According to a method for controlling weld overlay deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding a filler weld between the two auxiliary weld beads to form the grinding auxiliary layer further includes: As the welding torch travels along the length of the two auxiliary weld beads, it reciprocates between the two auxiliary weld beads to weld the filler weld bead between them.

[0014] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, the short side weld includes at least two grinding auxiliary layers, and each grinding auxiliary layer is welded together from bottom to top.

[0015] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, in two adjacent grinding auxiliary layers, the coverage area of ​​the lower grinding auxiliary layer is greater than or equal to the coverage area of ​​the upper grinding auxiliary layer.

[0016] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, the arc initiation joint and arc termination joint of each grinding auxiliary layer are exposed.

[0017] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, the two end joints of the pretreatment layer are both located outside the grinding auxiliary layer.

[0018] According to the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, after the step of connecting the welding pretreatment layer between the short side welding portion of the positioning arm seat plate and the lower cover plate, the method further includes the following steps: The joints at both ends of the pretreatment layer are subjected to preliminary grinding treatment.

[0019] According to a method for controlling welding deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding a long-side weld, wherein the long-side weld connects the long-side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate, further includes the following steps: Weld the long side weld along the long side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate; The positioning arm base plate is connected to the lower cover plate on both sides along the width direction through the long side weld. The long side weld has joints at both ends, and the two joints are located on the short side welds at the corresponding ends.

[0020] According to a method for controlling welding deformation provided by the present invention, the long side weld includes at least two layers of long side weld beads, and each layer of long side weld beads is welded together from bottom to top.

[0021] According to a method for controlling weld deformation provided by the present invention, the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in a welding sequence of short to long, further includes: The pretreatment layer of the short-side weld is obtained by manual welding; The side beam assembly and positioning arm base plate, after the pretreatment layer has been welded, are hoisted to the robot welding station; The auxiliary layer is automatically welded and polished using a robotic welding torch. Adjust the position of the side beam assembly so that the positioning arm base plate is placed flat on the robot welding station; The long side weld is automatically welded using a robotic welding torch.

[0022] According to a method for controlling weld deformation provided by the present invention, the step of assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly further includes the following steps: The pair of positioning arm base plates are assembled to the lower cover plate by manual spot welding. The projections of the pair of positioning arm base plates formed on the lower cover plate are arranged side by side, and the projections of the pair of positioning arm base plates are both arranged along the length direction of the side beam assembly.

[0023] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, after the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in a welding sequence of short to long, the method further includes the following steps: The stiffening plates are assembled and welded between the pair of positioning arm base plates.

[0024] According to a welding deformation control method provided by the present invention, after the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in a welding sequence of short to long, the method further includes the following steps: All weld joints of the positioning arm seat plate are removed by grinding in one go.

[0025] The present invention also provides a weld overlay deformation control system for performing the weld overlay deformation control method described above; The weld overlay deformation control system includes: An assembly unit is used to perform the step of assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly; A welding unit is used to perform the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in the order of shortest to longest welding.

[0026] According to a welding deformation control system provided by the present invention, the welding unit includes: The manual welding module is used to perform the pretreatment layer step for welding short-side welds; The robotic automatic welding module is used to perform the steps of grinding the auxiliary layer for welding short-side welds and welding long-side welds.

[0027] According to a weld overlay deformation control system provided by the present invention, the weld overlay deformation control system further includes: The assembly and welding unit is used to perform the steps of assembling and welding the stiffeners between a pair of positioning arm base plates.

[0028] According to a weld overlay deformation control system provided by the present invention, the weld overlay deformation control system further includes: An automatic grinding unit is used to perform the step of grinding away all the weld joints of the positioning arm seat plate in one operation.

[0029] The welding deformation control method of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The welding deformation control method of the present invention includes the following steps: assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly; welding the pair of positioning arm seat plates onto the lower cover plate respectively according to the welding sequence of shortest to longest. The welding deformation control method and system of the present invention are used to solve the defects of low efficiency and easy operation deviation in the welding process of positioning arm assemblies in related technologies, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high reliability. Compared with the previous operation method, the present invention optimizes the assembly sequence and welding sequence of the positioning arm seat plates, freeing manual labor from the heavy joint grinding, interlayer cleaning, and multi-layer multi-pass welding in the traditional welding process, reducing the defects of incomplete fusion of weld joints, reducing rework, and thus effectively improving the process production efficiency of positioning arm seat plates and side beam assemblies, and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

[0030] The weld deformation control system of the present invention is used to execute the above-described weld deformation control method. The weld deformation control system includes an assembly unit and a welding unit. By correspondingly executing the above-described weld deformation control method, the weld deformation control system possesses all the beneficial effects of the above-described weld deformation control method, which will not be elaborated further here. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the positioning arm assembly provided by the present invention on the side beam assembly.

[0034] Figure 3 This is an installation diagram of the positioning arm assembly provided by the present invention. Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic along the AA direction.

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure along direction B.

[0036] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the operation sequence of the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pretreatment layer structure of the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 The diagram shows a magnified view of point C.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding auxiliary layer in the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the welding sequence of the first auxiliary layer in the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a welding schematic diagram of the long side weld of the welding deformation control method provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure label: 100. Side beam assembly; 110. Lower cover plate; 200. Positioning arm assembly; 210. Positioning arm seat plate; 220. Rib plate; 310. Short side weld section; 311. Pretreatment layer; 3111. First pretreatment weld; 3112. Second pretreatment weld; 3113. Third pretreatment weld; 312. Grinding auxiliary layer; 3121. First auxiliary layer; 3122. Second auxiliary layer; 3123. Third auxiliary layer; 320. Long side weld section; 321. First long side weld; 322. Second long side weld; 323. Third long side weld; 330. Joint section; I. First auxiliary weld; II. Second auxiliary weld; III. Filler weld; 1-1~1-4. Welding operation. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the welding deformation control method described in this embodiment of the invention (hereinafter referred to as the "control method" or "method") includes the following steps.

[0045] Step 1: Assemble a pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 side-by-side onto the lower cover plate 110 of the side beam assembly 100. (Reference) Figure 6 The welding operation is shown in Figure 1-1.

[0046] Step 2: Following the welding sequence of shorter to longer sections, weld the pair of positioning arm base plates 210 to the lower cover plate 110 respectively. (Reference) Figure 6Welding operations 1-2 and 1-3.

[0047] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the control method of this embodiment optimizes the assembly and welding sequence of the positioning arm base plate 210, freeing manual labor from the arduous joint grinding, interlayer cleaning, and multi-layer, multi-pass welding processes of traditional welding. This method prioritizes the positioning and assembly of a single positioning arm base plate 210 in step 1, eliminating the need for additional process beams. Through optimized integration of the welding operation process, it concentrates the processing of all complete welds on the short-side welding portion 310 and the long-side welding portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210 in step 2, thereby improving welding efficiency. Furthermore, by welding the short side welding portion 310 and the long side welding portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210 in a short-to-long order in step 2, the short side welding portion 310 is used first to quickly position and fix the positioning arm base plate 210, and then the efficient welding of the long side welding portion 320 is used to ensure that the arc structure connection portion of the positioning arm base plate 210 is more intuitively and accurately matched with the surface of the lower cover plate 110 during the welding process. This allows for a more complete and concentrated use of robotic automatic welding to efficiently complete the circumferential welding of the positioning arm base plate 210, replacing manual operation, saving labor costs, reducing the production time of a single piece, and improving the overall welding production efficiency of the frame.

[0048] It should be noted that the reference Figure 2As shown, the side beam assembly 100 of the present invention has a pair of positioning arm assemblies 200 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis along the longitudinal direction (i.e., the vehicle length direction) of the bogie. The pair of positioning arm assemblies 200 are respectively welded to the arc structure of the lower cover plate 110 of the side beam assembly 100, that is, the positioning arm assemblies 200 are connected to the side beam assembly 100 near the wheelset axle box. The positioning arm assembly 200 is the core component of the swing arm type axle box positioning device, used in the bogie to connect the frame and the wheelset axle box, to achieve elastic positioning of the wheelset and transmit force and motion. In the traditional assembly and welding process of the side beam assembly 100, process beams are required to prevent deformation, and these process beams need to be removed in subsequent processes. Furthermore, because the stiffening plate 220 is installed first, the circumferential welding of the positioning arm base plate 210 is divided into multiple short weld seams. This necessitates repeated switching between manual welding and automated robotic welding. Each welding operation also requires additional processes for joint grinding and cleaning interlayer slag inclusions. This results in numerous welding layers, numerous welding joints, heavy manual welding and joint handling work, and fails to leverage the advantages of robotic welding. Consequently, the welding process of the positioning arm assembly 200 is excessively time-consuming, becoming a bottleneck restricting the efficiency of the entire production line. The method described in this embodiment solves the shortcomings of related technologies where the welding process of the positioning arm is limited by the curved surface, preventing fully automated robotic circumferential welding, resulting in low efficiency, susceptibility to operational deviations, and difficulty in meeting high precision and high reliability requirements. Compared with previous methods, the method in this embodiment can effectively reduce defects such as incomplete fusion of welded joints and reduce rework through process integration and optimization. This effectively improves the production efficiency of the positioning arm seat plate 210 and the side beam assembly 100 and reduces the labor intensity of workers.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, in the method described in the embodiment of the present invention, preferably after the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates 210 to the lower cover plate 110 in the order of welding the shorter ones first and the longer ones as described in step 2 above, the method further includes the following steps.

[0050] Step 3: Assemble and weld the stiffening plate 220 between the pair of positioning arm base plates 210. (Reference) Figure 6 Welding operations 1-4.

[0051] Therefore, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to assemble the stiffener plate 220 in advance before welding the positioning arm base plate 210. Instead, the assembly and welding process of the stiffener plate 220 is removed in step 3 and left to the final processing. This avoids the welding of the stiffener plate 220 dividing the long side welding portion 320 on both sides of the positioning arm base plate 210 into multiple short welds. The long side welding portion 320 can be continuously and centrally welded, thereby improving the continuity and integrity of the circumferential welding of the positioning arm base plate 210.

[0052] It should be noted that the reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the short-side welded portion 310 of the positioning arm seat plate 210 of the present invention is provided at the end of the positioning arm seat plate 210. In other words, the projection formed on the lower cover plate 110 of the side beam assembly 100 at the connection surface between the positioning arm seat plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110 is the projection of the positioning arm seat plate 210 on the lower cover plate 110. The two ends of the positioning arm seat plate 210 along the length direction of this projection are respectively provided as the short-side welded portion 310 of the positioning arm seat plate 210, that is, the two ends of the positioning arm seat plate 210 are respectively provided with the short-side welded portion 310. Correspondingly, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the long side welding portion 320 of the positioning arm seat plate 210 of the present invention is provided on the inner side and outer side of the positioning arm seat plate 210. In other words, the long side welding portion 320 of the positioning arm seat plate 210 is formed on both sides along the projected width direction, that is, the long side welding portion 320 is provided on the inner side and outer side of the positioning arm seat plate 210 respectively.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the step of assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 side by side onto the lower cover plate 110 of the side beam assembly 100, as described in step 1 above, further includes the following steps.

[0054] Step 11: Assemble the pair of positioning arm base plates 210 to the lower cover plate 110 by manual spot welding. (Reference) Figure 6 The welding operation is shown in Figure 1-1.

[0055] In step 11 above, it is preferable that the projections of a pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 formed on the lower cover plate 110 are arranged side by side, and the projections of the pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 are both arranged along the length direction of the side beam assembly 100. Therefore, it can be ensured that the positioning arm assembly 200 is positioned accurately on the lower cover plate 110. The relative position of the positioning arm assembly 200 can be quickly and accurately positioned by manual spot welding, ensuring that the wheelbase, lateral position and angle meet the requirements and avoiding displacement during formal welding. The method of this embodiment preferably uses spot welding first and then segmented welding, which can make stress release more even and avoid excessive local stress and increased crack tendency caused by welding all at once. In addition, the spot welding has small weld points and moderate restraint force, and slight correction can be made if dimensional deviations are found. Moreover, spot welding is equivalent to rigid pre-fixing. The positioning arm assembly 200 pre-assembled by spot welding does not need to rely on manual support or tooling clamping for a long time. After completing step 1, the tooling can be released to realize subsequent processes and transfer, ensuring parallel operation of multiple workstations, improving the overall process efficiency, and effectively reducing angular deformation, lateral bending and shrinkage deformation during formal welding, ensuring the flatness of the side beam assembly 100 and the installation accuracy of the positioning arm assembly 200.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the step 2 above, in which a pair of positioning arm base plates 210 are welded to the lower cover plate 110 in the order of welding shorter ones first and then longer ones, further includes the following steps.

[0057] Step 21: Weld the short-side weld, which connects the short-side welded portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 to the lower cover plate 110. (Reference) Figure 6 Welding operation 1-2.

[0058] Step 22: Weld the long side weld, which connects the long side weld portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210 to the lower cover plate 110. (Reference) Figure 6 Welding operations 1-3.

[0059] Therefore, the long side welds are retained to the maximum extent possible, and the short side welds are welded before the long side welds. The short side welds are used to accurately position and fix the end of the positioning arm base plate 210, and then the circumferential welding of the positioning arm base plate 210 is achieved by concentrating on the long side welds. This maximizes the welding efficiency of the positioning arm base plate 210 while ensuring welding quality.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the step 21 above, which involves welding the short side weld seam and connecting the short side weld seam between the short side welded part 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110, further includes the following steps.

[0061] Step 21-1: Weld the pretreatment layer 311, which is connected between the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110. (Reference) Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0062] Step 21-2: Weld and grind the auxiliary layer 312 onto the pretreatment layer 311. (Reference) Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown.

[0063] based on Figure 2 and Figure 3 As can be seen from the installation position of the positioning arm base plate 210, due to the arc structure of the lower cover plate 110, a stress concentration zone will form at the connection point between the end of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110 during the welding process. Direct automatic welding by the robot can easily cause delayed cracks, affecting the welding quality. Therefore, the method described in this embodiment, through the pretreatment layer 311 in step 21-1, can preheat the base material, refine the grains, and improve the fusion quality at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210, significantly reducing the risk of cracks in the automatic welding process.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 8As shown, the preferred pretreatment layer 311 includes at least two pretreatment weld layers. Each pretreatment weld layer is welded together from bottom to top, effectively improving the structural strength of the pretreatment layer 311. Each pretreatment weld layer is located at least on the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210. The multi-layer pretreatment layer 311 can form a more reliable root-lay transition structure at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210, reinforcing and sealing the root gap, ensuring the penetration depth and forming quality of subsequent automatic welding processes.

[0065] In some specific embodiments, preferably, at least one pre-treated weld bead has both ends located on the long side weld portions 320 of both sides of the positioning arm base plate 210. That is, at least one pre-treated weld bead forms a corner-shaped weld bead structure at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210, as shown in the reference. Figure 8 As shown. Considering that the bogie bears high-frequency dynamic loads during vehicle operation, the end of the positioning arm seat plate 210 is a significant fatigue weak point. By setting a corner-shaped first pre-treatment weld bead 3111, a symmetrical small line energy pre-fix can be formed on the short side weld portion 310 of the positioning arm seat plate 210, which can reliably constrain angular deformation and reduce end twisting. This avoids the end warping and angle deviation of the positioning arm seat plate 210 due to the auxiliary layer of the short side weld and the long side weld being too long, thus ensuring the reliable installation reference accuracy of the positioning arm assembly 200.

[0066] For example, refer to Figure 8 As shown, a first pretreatment weld 3111, a second pretreatment weld 3112, and a third pretreatment weld 3113 are sequentially welded to the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210. Preferably, the first pretreatment weld 3111 is located at the bottom layer, the second pretreatment weld 3112 is connected to the outside of the first pretreatment weld 3111, and the third pretreatment weld 3113 covers and connects to the top of the first pretreatment weld 3111 and the second pretreatment weld 3112. These three layers of pretreatment welds form a smooth transition rounded corner structure at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210, eliminating sharp notches, significantly reducing the stress concentration factor, and improving fatigue life.

[0067] For example, refer to Figure 8As shown, the preferred arc-starting position of the first pre-treatment weld bead 3111 is located on the long side welding portion 320 on one side of the positioning arm base plate 210, and is situated at a position greater than or equal to 10 mm from the short side welding portion 310. After passing through the short side welding portion 310, the first pre-treatment weld bead 3111 forms an arc-ending position on the long side welding portion 320 on the other side of the positioning arm base plate 210, and the arc-ending position is situated at a position greater than or equal to 10 mm from the short side welding portion 310, thereby forming a corner-shaped weld bead structure at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210. The arc-starting and arc-ending positions of the remaining pre-treatment weld beads are all located on the short side welding portion 310. This setting prioritizes welding the first pre-treatment weld bead 3111 in a corner shape at the bottom layer of the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210, thereby effectively improving the stress distribution at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210. It also makes some unavoidable defects in the early stage of welding easier to expose, so that it can intervene and correct them in advance before automatic welding, avoiding the generation of root defects that are difficult to detect in subsequent welds and improving the reliability of weld quality.

[0068] For example, preferably, both ends of the pretreatment layer 311 are located outside the grinding auxiliary layer 312. Exposed joints facilitate subsequent one-time grinding processes, optimize the operation process, and improve welding efficiency.

[0069] Alternatively, after the step of connecting the welding pretreatment layer 311 described in step S12-1 to the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110, the following steps may be further included.

[0070] Step S12-1-1: Perform preliminary grinding treatment on the joints at both ends of the pretreatment layer 311.

[0071] By performing preliminary grinding, the joints generated by the manual welding pretreatment layer 311 can be easily and quickly processed before step S12-2, eliminating step and undercut defects caused by the joints due to the connection between manual and automatic welding, avoiding stress concentration problems in the pretreatment layer 311, reducing the risk of fatigue crack formation, and reliably improving the reliability and welding quality of subsequent welding processes. This effectively improves the weld formation quality and controls welding deformation, thereby enhancing the continuity and reliability of the connection between the manual welding pretreatment layer 311 and the robot automatic welding grinding auxiliary layer 312.

[0072] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, the step of welding and grinding auxiliary layer 312 on pretreatment layer 311 to form short side weld as described in step 21-2 above further includes the following steps.

[0073] Step 21-2-1: Weld two auxiliary weld lines between the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110. (Reference) Figure 9 The first auxiliary weld bead I and the second auxiliary weld bead II are shown.

[0074] Step 21-2-2: Weld a filler pass between the two auxiliary passes. (Reference) Figure 9 The filler weld bead III is shown.

[0075] The two auxiliary welds described in step 21-2-1 above reliably connect the short-side welded portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 to the lower cover plate 110, forming a rigid fixation. This prevents warping or displacement of the short-side welded portion 310 and the lower cover plate 110 during subsequent filler weld application, ensuring assembly accuracy. The filler weld described in step 21-2-2 above achieves substantial filler welding between the two auxiliary welds, providing a more reliable connection strength for the weld of the grinding auxiliary layer 312 to cover the connection between the short-side welded portion 310 and the lower cover plate 110.

[0076] For example, the step of welding two auxiliary weld beads between the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110 as described in step 21-2-1 above is preferably further comprising: one of the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110 is provided with an arc starting position for the auxiliary weld bead, and the other is provided with an arc ending position for the auxiliary weld bead. Figure 9 The arrows shown indicate the exemplary welding directions in this embodiment of the invention. Welding can be performed in either the forward or reverse direction of the arrows indicating the first auxiliary weld bead I and the second auxiliary weld bead II, respectively. Therefore, the arc initiation and termination positions of the auxiliary weld bead can be flexibly adjusted according to the placement of the positioning arm base plate 210 in the robot's automatic welding module and the specific position of the robot welding torch.

[0077] For example, the preferred step 21-2-2 above, which involves welding a filler weld between two auxiliary weld beads to form a polishing auxiliary layer 312, further includes: during the process of driving the welding torch to travel along the length direction of the two auxiliary weld beads, driving the welding torch to reciprocate between the two auxiliary weld beads to weld a filler weld between the two auxiliary weld beads. (Refer to...) Figure 9 As shown, welding can be performed in either the forward or reverse direction of the arrow in the three auxiliary weld bead III, and steps 21-2-2 can be executed accordingly. Therefore, the starting and ending positions of the filler weld bead can be flexibly adjusted based on the placement of the positioning arm base plate 210 in the robot's automatic welding module and the specific position of the robot welding torch.

[0078] For example, refer to Figure 9As shown, the auxiliary weld bead is preferably a straight weld bead, and the filler weld bead is a continuous Z-shaped weld bead. The auxiliary weld bead serves as a guide and sealing element on both sides of the grinding auxiliary layer 312, ensuring arc stability, controllable molten pool, and uniform weld formation during the filler weld bead welding process, preventing flow deviation and undercut. It also avoids defects such as metal flow, burn-through, and gap expansion during the filler weld bead welding process, ensuring root penetration of the weld in the grinding auxiliary layer 312 without slag inclusions or incomplete penetration. Furthermore, welding the auxiliary weld bead on both sides first and then the filler weld bead in the middle ensures a more uniform welding stress distribution in the grinding auxiliary layer 312, reduces stress concentration at the joint, further improves the connection strength between the short side welded portion 310 of the positioning arm seat plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110, and thus enhances the fatigue crack resistance of key parts of the bogie. Furthermore, the grinding auxiliary layer 312 adopts the welding steps of steps 21-2-1 and 21-2-2 mentioned above, which can better adapt to the robot automatic welding process, realize high-parameter rapid welding, and has the advantages of high efficiency, fewer defects, and high flaw detection pass rate, thus greatly improving the welding quality.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the preferred short-side weld includes at least two layers of the aforementioned grinding auxiliary layer 312. Each grinding auxiliary layer 312 is welded together from bottom to top. The multiple grinding auxiliary layers 312 significantly improve the connection strength between the end of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110, increasing the weld penetration and weld formation quality. Furthermore, the multiple grinding auxiliary layers 312 can form a smooth, rounded corner structure on the short-side weld portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210, eliminating sharp notches, significantly reducing the stress concentration factor, and improving fatigue life.

[0080] For example, refer to Figure 10 As shown, preferably, in two adjacent grinding auxiliary layers 312, the coverage area of ​​the lower grinding auxiliary layer 312 is greater than or equal to the coverage area of ​​the upper grinding auxiliary layer 312. That is, the bottom grinding auxiliary layer 312 covers and connects to the pretreatment layer 311, and the bottom grinding auxiliary layer 312 has the largest weld coverage area among the multiple grinding auxiliary layers 312. The weld coverage area of ​​the multiple grinding auxiliary layers 312 decreases layer by layer from bottom to top. This setting can effectively prevent problems such as coarse grains and large deformation in the weld structure caused by concentrated welding heat input, and improve the overall structural strength and weld quality of the grinding auxiliary layer 312. On the other hand, this setting can ensure that the joints of each grinding auxiliary layer 312 are exposed, that is, preferably the arc starting joint and arc ending joint of each grinding auxiliary layer 312 are exposed, so that the joint grinding process can be optimized and concentrated after welding is completed, and the joint can be quickly removed through one-time grinding, improving work efficiency.

[0081] For example, refer to Figure 10As shown, a first auxiliary layer 3121, a second auxiliary layer 3122, and a third auxiliary layer 3123 are sequentially welded from bottom to top onto the pretreatment layer 311 of the short-side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210. The weld bead distribution of the first auxiliary layer 3121, the second auxiliary layer 3122, and the third auxiliary layer 3123 is performed according to the welding steps 21-2-1 and 21-2-2 described above. These three polished auxiliary layers 312, together with the aforementioned pretreatment layer 311, form a surfacing weld, thereby creating a smooth-transition rounded corner structure short-side weld at the end of the positioning arm base plate 210. This design reliably eliminates sharp notches in the short-side weld, significantly reduces the stress concentration factor, and improves fatigue life.

[0082] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 11 As shown, the step 22 above, which involves welding the long side weld seam between the long side welded portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the lower cover plate 110, further includes the following steps.

[0083] Step 22-1: Weld the long side weld along the long side welding portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210. (Reference) Figure 6 The welding operations 1-3 shown are as follows: Figure 11 The welding position shown is the weld bead at the long side welding section 320.

[0084] The method described in this embodiment of the invention performs centralized welding on all the integrated long-side welding parts 320 through step 22-1, which improves welding efficiency while ensuring welding quality.

[0085] For example, preferably, the positioning arm base plate 210 is connected to the lower cover plate 110 on both sides along its width direction via long-side welds. That is, step 22-1 ensures that both sides of the projection of the positioning arm base plate 210 onto the lower cover plate 110 in the width direction are connected to the lower cover plate 110 via a full-length weld, improving connection strength while ensuring sufficient weld penetration and aesthetically pleasing, uniform weld formation. Therefore, this step sequence better adapts to the welding operations of the robot's automatic welding module, improving overall operational efficiency.

[0086] For example, each end of the long side weld is provided with a joint portion 330, and the two joint portions 330 are respectively located on the corresponding short side welds. That is, through the welding operation of the long side weld described in step 22-1, it is ensured that the joint portions 330 at both ends of the long side weld cover the short side welds, and the long side weld presses on the short side weld, which can eliminate defects such as arc craters, lack of fusion, and stress concentration points that are prone to occur in the long side weld, making the strength of the joint portion 330 more reliable. Moreover, the joint portion 330 of the long side weld can achieve a smooth transition between the long side weld and the short side weld on the short side weld, thereby avoiding excessive stress in the long side weld due to continuous welding, which could lead to fatigue cracks, and significantly improving the fatigue resistance of the weld of the circumferential weld of the positioning arm seat plate 210, thus improving fatigue life. Furthermore, by combining the long-side weld with the aforementioned short-side weld, the end restraint force and deformation of the positioning arm base plate 210 can be controlled by first welding the short-side weld. Then, the long-side weld is used to perform a one-time continuous overall welding for efficient forming, thereby reducing welding deformation, improving the positioning arm base plate 210's resistance to angular deformation and torsion, and significantly reducing complex welding procedures, especially reducing repetitive operations such as arc stopping, cleaning, and grinding, thus improving work efficiency.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the preferred long-side weld includes at least two layers of long-side weld beads, with each layer of long-side weld beads stacked and connected from bottom to top, effectively improving the overall structural strength of the long-side weld. Multiple layers of long-side weld beads can form a more reliable connection structure on both sides of the positioning arm base plate 210, reinforcing and sealing the root gap of the long-side weld, and improving the welding penetration and weld formation quality of continuous automatic welding. Furthermore, the multiple layers of long-side weld beads form a rounded edge stacking structure on the long-side welding portions 320 on both sides of the positioning arm base plate 210, resulting in a continuous and smooth long-side weld with a uniform appearance, low stress concentration, better fatigue resistance, and superior load-bearing capacity and impact resistance. Moreover, the joint portions 330 of the long-side welds are all located on the grinding auxiliary layer 312 of the short-side welds. Continuous welding by the welding gun of the robot's automatic welding module can significantly reduce the number of weld joints and the possibility of crater formation, ensuring a stable arc, reliable root fusion, and reducing the risk of incomplete fusion, porosity, and cracks.

[0088] For example, refer to Figure 11As shown, the first long-side weld 321, the second long-side weld 322, and the third long-side weld 323 are sequentially welded from bottom to top on the long-side weld portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210. These three layers of long-side welds form a surfacing weld on one side of the long-side weld portion 320 of the positioning arm base plate 210, thus better adapting the long-side weld of the arc structure on the side of the positioning arm base plate 210. This allows for a smooth transition at the connection between the positioning arm base plate 210 and the arc structure of the long-side weld portion 320 of the lower cover plate 110, without sharp corners or protrusions. This significantly improves the fatigue resistance of the positioning arm assembly 200 and the side beam assembly 100 to dynamic loads, effectively controls the deformation resistance of the long-side weld, and improves welding quality.

[0089] For example, refer to Figure 11 As shown, preferably, the joint portions 330 formed by the arc initiation and arc termination of the first long side weld 321, the second long side weld 322, and the third long side weld 323 are all located on the short side welds at the corresponding ends of the positioning arm base plate 210. That is, the joint portions 330 at both ends of the first long side weld 321, the joint portions 330 at both ends of the second long side weld 322, and the joint portions 330 at both ends of the third long side weld 323 are all correspondingly set on the surface of the grinding auxiliary layer 312 at the corresponding ends of the positioning arm base plate 210, thereby ensuring that all joint portions 330 of the long side welds are exposed, providing convenience for the subsequent one-time joint grinding process.

[0090] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, in order to further improve the welding quality, the method described in this embodiment of the invention optimizes all the grinding processes of the welded joints of the positioning arm seat plate 210 to be completed after the welding step of the positioning arm seat plate 210. That is, preferably after the step described in step 2 above, in which a pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 are welded to the lower cover plate 110 in the order of shortest to longest welds, the method further includes the following steps.

[0091] Step 4: Grind away all weld joints of the positioning arm seat plate 210 in one go.

[0092] Therefore, the method described in this embodiment of the invention achieves the one-time grinding removal of all weld joints of the positioning arm base plate 210 through step 4, making the process more concentrated, avoiding multiple grinding between layers, reducing unnecessary repetitive labor, simplifying the process, reducing working hours, and improving production efficiency. Moreover, the welding process involved in step 2 above has already reduced interlayer joint defects through various technical means. Therefore, the one-time concentrated grinding treatment can ensure the welding strength while avoiding dimensional deviations caused by interlayer grinding, ensuring that the final product's assembly accuracy meets the requirements. In addition, the operation of welding first and then concentrated grinding treatment can ensure that the welding thermal cycle is not interrupted, ensuring that the stress release of the peripheral weld of the positioning arm base plate 210 is more uniform, reducing the generation of cold work hardening and local stress concentration. Concentrated welding and concentrated grinding treatment can also ensure that the weld contour is smooth and uniform, avoiding weld defects such as uneven steps caused by multiple grinding between layers. The smooth weld surface can also ensure high weld flaw detection sensitivity, making subsequent maintenance more accurate in judging defects. Understandably, completing the grinding process in one go, rather than interspersing it with the welding steps, can effectively improve the working environment and avoid excessive fumes and dust that could negatively impact welding quality.

[0093] For example, it is preferable to assemble and weld the stiffener 220 between a pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 as described in step 3, and then place it before the step of removing all weld joints of the positioning arm seat plates 210 by grinding in one go as described in step 4. This arrangement is to integrate and optimize the assembly and welding sequence of the positioning arm assembly 200, completing the assembly and welding of all components of the positioning arm assembly 200 first, and then removing all joints at once. This maximizes the concentration of processes, avoids multiple grinding between layers, reduces unnecessary repetitive labor, simplifies processes, reduces working hours, and improves production efficiency.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown, the following are the specific operation steps of an exemplary weld overlay deformation control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, step 1 is the same as the method described above, and will not be repeated here. Further execution details are provided in step 2.

[0095] For example, the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates 210 to the lower cover plate 110 in the order of welding shorter ones first and then longer ones, as described in step 2 above, further includes the following:

[0096] First step: Refer to Figure 7 The pretreatment layer 311 is shown as a short-side weld weld created manually. Specifically, after manually tack welding the positioning arm base plate 210, no process beams or stiffening plates 220 are added. The short-side weld portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 is first... Figure 7The first pretreatment weld 3111, the second pretreatment weld 3112, and the third pretreatment weld 3113 are welded sequentially. The first pretreatment weld 3111 begins with an arc on the long side welding portion 320 on one side of the positioning arm seat plate 210, passes through the short side welding portion 310, and ends with an arc on the long side welding portion 320 on the other side of the positioning arm seat plate 210. The arc-starting and arc-ending positions of the first pretreatment weld 3111 are both 10mm away from the short side welding portion 310. The overall structure of the first pretreatment weld 3111 is a U-shaped corner weld structure. The second and third pretreatment welds 3112 and 3113 both begin with an arc on one side of the short side welding portion 310 and end with an arc on the other side. It can be seen that the side beam assembly 100 has two sets of positioning arm assemblies 200, that is, a total of four positioning arm seat plates 210, and a total of eight short side welding portions 310. In this process, eight pretreatment layers 311 are welded manually using a welding module, with each pretreatment layer 311 welded with three pretreatment weld passes. After the welding of the pretreatment layers 311 is completed, the joint can be simply ground. This process can be completed at the positioning arm assembly station in the assembly unit of the weld overlay deformation control system described below.

[0097] The second step involves hoisting the side beam assembly 100 and the positioning arm base plate 210, after the pre-treatment layer 311 has been welded, to the robot welding station. Specifically, the workpiece (i.e., the positioning arm assembly 200 assembled on the side beam assembly 100) is hoisted to the robot welding station of the robot's automatic welding module, and then... Figure 7 The side beam assembly 100 and the positioning arm assembly 200 are placed on the automatic welding turntable of the robot welding station at the angle shown, ensuring that the positioning arm assembly 200 is located above the lower cover plate 110 of the side beam assembly 100.

[0098] The third step: The auxiliary layer 312 is automatically welded and polished using a robotic welding torch. Specifically, the welding torch driving the robotic welding module is positioned vertically (i.e., above the surface of the lower cover plate 110), and welding begins at the short side welding portion 310 of the positioning arm base plate 210 and proceeds towards the lower cover plate 110 (or vice versa). Following the above... Figure 9The welding sequence shown is as follows: first, weld the first auxiliary weld bead I and the second auxiliary weld bead II along a straight line; then, weld back along the sequence of the filler weld bead III until the pit between the first auxiliary weld bead I and the second auxiliary weld bead II is filled. The first auxiliary weld bead I, the second auxiliary weld bead II, and the filler weld bead III are welded to form a grinding auxiliary layer 312. Three grinding auxiliary layers 312 are welded between the short-side weld portion 310 and the lower cover plate 110. The length of each weld bead in each grinding auxiliary layer 312 decreases sequentially, but the arc-starting and arc-ending joints of all weld beads are exposed and not buried. A pair of positioning arm base plates 210 in the same positioning arm assembly 200 have a total of four short-side welds, each of which includes the aforementioned pretreatment layer 311 and three grinding auxiliary layers 312. To ensure the automatic welding turntable remains in a fixed position during welding, after each short-side weld seam and one layer of grinding auxiliary layer 312 is completed, the turntable jumps to the next short-side weld seam. After all four short-side weld seams have completed the same layer of grinding auxiliary layer 312, the turntable jumps back to the first short-side weld seam to continue welding the next two layers of grinding auxiliary layer 312. This operation avoids the defects of coarse grains and large weld deformation caused by excessive heat input at the same short-side weld seam.

[0099] Step 4: Adjust the position of the side beam assembly 100 so that the positioning arm base plate 210 is placed flat on the robot welding station. Specifically, after all the short side welds of the positioning arm base plates 210 are completed, place the positioning arm base plates 210 flat on the automatic welding turntable, so that any surface of the web of the positioning arm base plate 210 faces upward.

[0100] Step 5: Automatic welding of the long side seam using a robotic welding torch. Specifically, the welding torch of the robotic automatic welding module is configured according to... Figure 11 As shown, the arc begins at the grinding auxiliary layer 312 at one end of the positioning arm base plate 210 in the third step described above, passes through the long side welding portion 320 on the arc-starting side, and ends at the grinding auxiliary layer 312 at the other end of the positioning arm base plate 210, thus completing one long side weld. Three long side welds are welded on each of the two long side welding portions 320 of each positioning arm base plate 210. Because the heat input of the continuous long side welds is uniform, the three long side welds on one side of the positioning arm base plate 210 can be welded first, then the positioning arm base plate 210 can be flipped and the three long side welds on the other side can be welded. More preferably, by using a welding torch and a lifting device, after completing one long side weld on one side of the positioning arm base plate 210, the positioning arm base plate 210 can be flipped, and then one long side weld on the other side of the positioning arm base plate 210 can be welded. This process can be repeated until the long side welds on both sides of the positioning arm base plate 210 are complete. Continuous flipping welding avoids the concentrated heat input that occurs when automatically welding long-side seams, ensuring higher weld quality. Therefore, the entire circumference welding of the positioning arm base plate 210 can be completed using the robot's automatic welding module.

[0101] For example, steps 3 and 4 of the method described in this embodiment include the following:

[0102] Step 6: Hoist the workpiece with the completed circumferential welding of the positioning arm base plate 210 onto the manual welding turntable of the manual welding module, and then... Figure 6 The stiffening plate 220 is manually assembled and welded as shown.

[0103] Step 7: After the overall welding of the workpiece is completed, the workpiece is hoisted to the grinding station of the automatic grinding unit. Since all the joints formed by the automatic welding of the robot are on the grinding auxiliary layer 312, all the joints can be removed at once by rough grinding of all the joints by the sander of the automatic grinding unit, without the need for manual joint cleaning and repair welding.

[0104] The surfacing deformation control system (hereinafter referred to as the "System") provided by the present invention is described below. The surfacing deformation control system described below can be referred to in correspondence with the surfacing deformation control method described above.

[0105] The weld deformation control system described in this embodiment of the invention is used to execute the above-described weld deformation control method. The weld deformation control system includes an assembly unit and a welding unit. The assembly unit is used to execute step 1 of the above method, which involves assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 side-by-side onto the lower cover plate 110 of the side beam assembly 100. The welding unit is used to execute step 2 of the above method, which involves welding the pair of positioning arm seat plates 210 onto the lower cover plate 110 in a short-to-long welding sequence.

[0106] In some embodiments, the welding unit in the system described in this embodiment includes a manual welding module and a robotic automatic welding module. Both the manual welding module and the robotic automatic welding module can be used to perform the step of welding the short side weld as described in step 21 of the above method; and the robotic automatic welding module is also used to perform the step of welding the long side weld as described in step 22 of the above method.

[0107] For example, a manual welding module is preferably used to perform the pretreatment layer 311 for welding the short side weld as described in step 21-1 of the method described above. A robotic automatic welding module is preferably used to perform the grinding auxiliary layer 312 for welding the short side weld as described in step 21-2 of the method described above, and to perform the welding of the long side weld as described in step 22 of the method described above.

[0108] In some embodiments, the system described in this embodiment further includes a welding unit. The welding unit is used to perform step 3 of the method described above, which involves assembling and welding the stiffener 220 between a pair of positioning arm base plates 210.

[0109] In some embodiments, the system described in this embodiment further includes an automatic grinding unit. The automatic grinding unit is used to perform step 4 of the method described above, which involves grinding away all weld joints of the positioning arm base plate 210 in one go.

[0110] By implementing the above-described welding deformation control method, the welding deformation control system achieves all the beneficial effects of the above-described welding deformation control method, which will not be elaborated here.

[0111] In summary, the method and system described in this embodiment of the invention can achieve automatic continuous welding of the grinding auxiliary layer 312 of the short side welds at both ends of the positioning arm base plate 210 and the long side welds on both sides through the above steps. Only the pretreatment layer 311 of the short side welds at both ends of the positioning arm base plate 210 is left to manual welding, freeing workers from the heavy work of joint grinding, interlayer cleaning, and multi-layer multi-pass welding. Moreover, all welding joints are left on the outside of the weld, and are completely removed at once through the grinding process in step 4, reducing defects of incomplete fusion of welding joints, reducing rework, thereby improving process production efficiency and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

[0112] The following table shows a comparison of the process times for the experimental example and the comparative example. The method described in this embodiment of the invention is used as the experimental example (i.e., the test example), and the conventional welding method for the positioning arm assembly 200 on the side beam assembly 100 is used as the comparative example (i.e., the comparative example). The process times for the experimental example and the comparative example are compared.

[0113] Table 1. Comparison of process times between the experimental example and the comparative example.

[0114] "Before adjustment" refers to using the traditional welding method; "after adjustment" refers to using the method described in the embodiments of this invention.

[0115] As can be seen from the comparison, compared with the traditional method, the method and system described in the embodiments of the present invention optimize the assembly sequence and welding sequence of the positioning arm base plate 210, freeing manual labor from the heavy joint grinding, interlayer cleaning and multi-layer multi-pass welding in the traditional welding process, reducing the defects of non-fusion of welded joints, reducing rework, and thus effectively improving the process production efficiency of the positioning arm assembly 200 and the side beam assembly 100, and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

[0116] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling weld overlay deformation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A pair of positioning arm seat plates are assembled side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly; Following the welding sequence of shorter to longer sections, the pair of positioning arm base plates are welded to the lower cover plate respectively.

2. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of welding the pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in the order of shortest to longest welding further includes the following steps: A short-side weld is welded, which connects the short-side welded portion of the positioning arm base plate to the lower cover plate; A long-side weld is welded, which connects the long-side welded portion of the positioning arm base plate to the lower cover plate.

3. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of welding the short side weld, wherein the short side weld connects the short side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate to the lower cover plate, further includes the following steps: A welding pretreatment layer is provided, which is connected between the short side welding portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate. A grinding auxiliary layer is welded onto the pretreatment layer.

4. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pretreatment layer includes at least two pretreatment weld beads, each pretreatment weld bead being welded together from bottom to top, and each pretreatment weld bead being located at least on the short side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate.

5. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one layer of the pre-treatment weld has its two ends located on the long side weld portion on both sides of the positioning arm base plate.

6. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of welding and grinding the auxiliary layer on the pretreatment layer to form a short-side weld further includes the following steps: Two auxiliary weld lines are welded between the short side welded portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate, respectively. A filler weld bead is welded between the two auxiliary weld beads.

7. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of welding two auxiliary weld beads between the short side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate further includes: The short side welding portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate are respectively provided with the arc starting position of the auxiliary weld bead and the arc ending position of the auxiliary weld bead.

8. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of welding a filler weld between the two auxiliary weld beads to form the grinding auxiliary layer further includes: As the welding torch travels along the length of the two auxiliary weld beads, it reciprocates between the two auxiliary weld beads to weld the filler weld bead between them.

9. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The short side weld includes at least two grinding auxiliary layers, and each grinding auxiliary layer is welded together from bottom to top.

10. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 9, characterized in that, In two adjacent polishing auxiliary layers, the coverage area of ​​the lower polishing auxiliary layer is greater than or equal to the coverage area of ​​the upper polishing auxiliary layer.

11. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 10, characterized in that, The arc-starting and arc-ending joints of each of the grinding auxiliary layers are exposed.

12. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both ends of the pretreatment layer are located outside the grinding auxiliary layer.

13. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the step of connecting the pre-treatment layer to the short side welding portion of the positioning arm base plate and the lower cover plate, the method further includes the following steps: The joints at both ends of the pretreatment layer are subjected to preliminary grinding treatment.

14. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of welding the long side weld, wherein the long side weld connects the long side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate to the lower cover plate, further includes the following steps: Weld the long side weld along the long side weld portion of the positioning arm base plate; The positioning arm base plate is connected to the lower cover plate on both sides along the width direction through the long side weld. The long side weld has joints at both ends, and the two joints are located on the short side welds at the corresponding ends.

15. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 14, characterized in that, The long side weld includes at least two layers of long side weld beads, and each layer of long side weld beads is stacked and connected from bottom to top.

16. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of welding the pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in the order of shortest to longest welding further includes: The pretreatment layer of the short-side weld is obtained by manual welding; The side beam assembly and positioning arm base plate, after the pretreatment layer has been welded, are hoisted to the robot welding station; The auxiliary layer is automatically welded and polished using a robotic welding torch. Adjust the position of the side beam assembly so that the positioning arm base plate is placed flat on the robot welding station; The long side weld is automatically welded using a robotic welding torch.

17. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that, The step of assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly further includes the following steps: The pair of positioning arm base plates are assembled to the lower cover plate by manual spot welding. The projections of the pair of positioning arm base plates formed on the lower cover plate are arranged side by side, and the projections of the pair of positioning arm base plates are both arranged along the length direction of the side beam assembly.

18. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that, After the step of welding the pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in the order of shortest to longest welds, the method further includes the following steps: The stiffening plates are assembled and welded between the pair of positioning arm base plates.

19. The method for controlling weld overlay deformation according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that, After the step of welding the pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in the order of shortest to longest welds, the method further includes the following steps: All weld joints of the positioning arm seat plate are removed by grinding in one go.

20. A welding deformation control system, characterized in that, For performing the welding deformation control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 19; The weld overlay deformation control system includes: An assembly unit is used to perform the step of assembling a pair of positioning arm seat plates side by side onto the lower cover plate of the side beam assembly; A welding unit is used to perform the step of welding a pair of positioning arm base plates to the lower cover plate in the order of shortest to longest welding.

21. The welding deformation control system according to claim 20, characterized in that, The welding unit includes: The manual welding module is used to perform the pretreatment layer step for welding short-side welds; The robotic automatic welding module is used to perform the steps of grinding the auxiliary layer for welding short-side welds and welding long-side welds.

22. The weld overlay deformation control system according to claim 20, characterized in that, The weld overlay deformation control system also includes: The assembly and welding unit is used to perform the steps of assembling and welding the stiffeners between a pair of positioning arm base plates.

23. The welding deformation control system according to claim 20, characterized in that, The weld overlay deformation control system also includes: An automatic grinding unit is used to perform the step of grinding away all the weld joints of the positioning arm seat plate in one operation.

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