A hitching device for an electrically driven tractor

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tractor uncoupling, and particularly relates to a kind of uncoupling device of electric tractor, including towing seat, support seat, hook assembly, uncoupling mechanism, locking mechanism and control unit.Uncoupling mechanism includes first electric push rod, linear guide, connecting seat and swing assembly, first electric push rod drives connecting seat to move along linear guide, swing assembly is swung around support seat hinged point by connecting rod, so that towing pin is curved and enters or exits hook assembly.Swing assembly is connected with support seat by tension spring.Locking mechanism includes second electric push rod, fixed seat and locking seat, locking seat is provided with limit block and spring.Locking mechanism includes second electric push rod, fixed seat and locking seat, locking seat is provided with limit block and spring.Second electric push rod drives locking seat to press down when locking, limit block pops out and is locked below the top of towing pin locking block to complete locking;when unlocking, locking seat continues to press down and makes limit block be locked below unlocking block, then moves up through unlocking block and makes limit block retract to realize unlocking.The present application is reliable, and realizes the automatic operation of tractor uncoupling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tractor uncoupling technology, and particularly to an uncoupling device for an electric tractor. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial logistics, airport ground handling, and factory transfers, electric tractor units are used to tow wheeled equipment such as baggage carts and flatbed trucks. The tractor unit and the trailer behind it are typically engaged and disengaged via a tow pin and hook.

[0003] Currently, most tractor-trailer uncoupling devices are operated manually. This requires the driver to stop the vehicle, get out, and manually move the locking lever or insert / remove the pin to engage or disengage the trailer. This method has the following problems: First, it is inefficient, as frequent getting in and out of the vehicle disrupts the work cycle, especially during peak logistics periods when high-efficiency transport demands are difficult to meet. Second, it is labor-intensive, as the manual mechanism is prone to jamming or wear after prolonged use, increasing the difficulty of operation. Third, it poses safety risks, as the driver must operate between the tractor and trailer, creating personal safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a decoupling device for an electric tractor, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a decoupling device for an electric tractor, comprising a traction seat, a support seat, a hook assembly, a decoupling mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a control unit, wherein the decoupling mechanism is fixed on the traction seat, and the support seat is fixed below the traction seat. The disengagement mechanism includes a first electric push rod, a linear guide rail, a connecting seat, and a swing assembly. The fixed end of the first electric push rod is fixed to the top of the traction seat, and its telescopic end is connected to the connecting seat. The linear guide rail is fixed to the side wall of the traction seat, and a slider is slidably connected to the linear guide rail. The connecting seat is fixedly connected to the slider. The middle part of the swing assembly is hinged to the support base, the top of the swing assembly is connected to the bottom of the connecting base, and a traction pin is fixedly connected to its bottom end. A tension spring is also connected between the swing assembly and the support base; The locking mechanism is fixed on the support base and is used to lock the traction pin after the traction pin is engaged with the hook assembly. The disengagement mechanism and the locking mechanism are electrically connected to the control unit.

[0006] Preferably, the support base has first bearing seats on both sides of its bottom, and the swing assembly is hinged to the first bearing seats. The linear motion of the first electric push rod is converted into the rotational swing of the traction pin around the hinge point by the swing assembly, so that the traction pin enters or exits the hook assembly in a rotating manner. The swing assembly and the connecting seat are connected by a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat, and the other end is hinged to the swing assembly.

[0007] Preferably, the swing assembly includes a first swing arm, a second swing arm, a first connecting plate, and a second connecting plate, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are disposed on the left and right sides of the first swing arm and the second swing arm; The bottom end of the first swing arm is fixedly connected to the first connecting plates on both sides, and its top end is hinged to the second connecting plates on both sides. The bottom end of the second swing arm is hinged to the first connecting plates on both sides, and its top end is hinged to the second connecting plates on both sides.

[0008] Preferably, the second connecting plate is provided with a first fixing post, and the support base is fixed with a second fixing post, and the first fixing post and the second fixing post are connected by a tension spring.

[0009] Preferably, the hook assembly includes a hook seat and a traction plate, the traction plate being fixedly connected to the hook seat, and the traction plate having a rectangular groove for the traction pin to pass through.

[0010] Preferably, guide plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the end of the support base to guide the traction plate into the hook position.

[0011] Preferably, a fixing rod is fixed to the top of the traction pin, the locking block is fixed to the top of the fixing block, and an unlocking block is slidably connected to the fixing rod.

[0012] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a fixed base, a second electric push rod, and a locking seat. The fixed base is mounted on a support base, the second electric push rod is fixed on the fixed base, and the locking seat is fixed to the telescopic end of the second electric push rod. The locking seat has a vertical groove and a horizontal groove inside. The vertical groove is located in the center of the locking member and is used to accommodate the fixing rod at the top of the traction pin. The horizontal groove is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the locking seat. Both sides of the transverse groove are equipped with a fixing block, a guide rod and a spring. One end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the fixing block, and the other end extends out of the locking seat and is fixedly connected to the limit block. The spring is sleeved on the guide rod, with one end fixedly connected to the fixing block and the other end fixedly connected to the inner wall of the transverse groove.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention provides a disengagement device for an electric tractor, which has the following advantages: The first electric push rod drives the swing assembly to rotate and swing around the hinge point on the support base, causing the towing pin to screw into the rectangular groove of the hook assembly along an arc path, thus improving the engagement success rate compared to a vertical lifting method. The guide plates symmetrically installed on both sides of the support base guide the towing plate as the trailer approaches, allowing it to smoothly enter the engagement position below the support base, further improving the engagement success rate.

[0014] The swing assembly consists of a first swing rod, a second swing rod, and connecting plates on both sides. The bottom of the first swing rod is fixed and the top is hinged. Both ends of the second swing rod are hinged, forming a stable parallel four-bar linkage. This allows the traction pin to maintain a stable posture during the swing, ensuring smooth engagement and disengagement. At the same time, the structure has good rigidity and can withstand the traction load after engagement.

[0015] The second electric push rod drives the locking seat to press down. The limit blocks on both sides inside the locking seat automatically pop out under the action of the spring and lock into the bottom of the top locking block of the traction pin, thus completing the mechanical locking. The locking is reliable and highly safe.

[0016] During unlocking, the second electric push rod first drives the locking seat to continue pressing down, and the limit block is stuck below the unlocking block. Then, the second electric push rod drives the locking seat to move up, and the unlocking block moves up with it under the support of the limit block until it abuts against the limit block, forcing the limit block to retract into the transverse groove. The locking seat continues to move up to complete the unlocking. The second electric push rod is used to drive the automatic locking and unlocking, which has a high degree of automation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a detachment device for an electric tractor in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of an electric tractor uncoupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the locking structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the locking structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the locking structure before unlocking in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the locking structure after unlocking in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electric tractor uncoupling device from a second perspective in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure Labels 1. Traction seat; 2. Support seat; 21. First shaft seat; 22. Second fixed column; 3. Hook assembly; 31. Hook seat; 32. Traction plate; 321. Rectangular channel; 4. Unhooking mechanism; 41. First electric push rod; 42. Linear guide rail; 421. Slider; 43. Connecting seat; 44. Swing assembly; 441. First swing rod; 442. Second swing rod; 443. First connecting plate; 444. Second connecting plate; 445. First fixed column; 5. Locking mechanism; 51. Fixed seat; 52. Second electric push rod; 53. Locking seat; 531. Vertical slot; 532. Horizontal slot; 533. Fixed block; 534. Guide rod; 535. Spring; 536. Limiting block; 6. Traction pin; 61. Fixed rod; 62. Locking block; 63. Unlocking block; 7. Connecting rod; 8. Tension spring; 9. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0021] Example like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention discloses an electric tractor uncoupling device, comprising a traction seat 1, a support seat 2, a hook assembly 3, an uncoupling mechanism 4, a locking mechanism 5, and a control unit (not shown in the figure). The uncoupling mechanism 4 is fixed to the traction seat 1, the support seat 2 is fixed below the traction seat 1, and the hook assembly 3 is mounted on the trailer to be towed. The control unit is electrically connected to the uncoupling mechanism 4 and the locking mechanism 5, and is used to coordinate and control the entire coupling and uncoupling process to achieve fully automated operation.

[0022] The disengagement mechanism 4 includes a first electric push rod 41, a linear guide rail 42, a connecting seat 43, and a swing assembly 44. The fixed end of the first electric push rod 41 is fixed to the top of the traction seat 1, and its telescopic end is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 43. The linear guide rail 42 is fixed vertically to the side wall of the traction seat 1, and a slider 421 is slidably connected to the linear guide rail 42. The connecting seat 43 and the slider 421 are fixedly connected by bolts. When the first electric push rod 41 extends or retracts, the telescopic end drives the connecting seat 43 to perform linear reciprocating motion along the linear guide rail 42. The linear guide rail 42 guides and supports the movement of the connecting seat 43, ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of the movement.

[0023] The middle part of the swing assembly 44 is hinged to the support base 2, and the top of the swing assembly 44 is connected to the bottom of the connecting base 43. A traction pin 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the swing assembly 44. First bearing seats 21 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the support base 2, and the swing assembly 44 is hinged to the first bearing seats 21 through a hinge shaft. The swing assembly 44 and the connecting base 43 are connected by a connecting rod 7. One end of the connecting rod 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting base 43, and the other end is hinged to the top of the swing assembly 44.

[0024] When the first electric push rod 41 extends or retracts, it drives the connecting seat 43 to move up and down along the linear guide rail 42. The connecting seat 43 drives the swing assembly 44 to rotate and swing around the hinge point of the first shaft seat 21 through the connecting rod 7, thereby converting the linear motion of the first electric push rod 41 into the rotational swing of the traction pin 6 around the hinge point. The traction pin 6 screws into or out of the hook assembly 3 in an arc path. Compared with the vertical lifting method, this rotational hooking method has a higher tolerance for the alignment deviation of the trailer and improves the hooking success rate.

[0025] The swing assembly 44 includes a first swing rod 441, a second swing rod 442, a first connecting plate 443, and a second connecting plate 444. The first connecting plate 443 and the second connecting plate 444 are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the first swing rod 441 and the second swing rod 442, arranged symmetrically. The bottom end of the first swing rod 441 is fixedly connected to the first connecting plates 443 on both sides, and its top end is hinged to the second connecting plates 444 on both sides; the bottom end of the second swing rod 442 is hinged to the first connecting plates 443 on both sides, and its top end is hinged to the second connecting plates 444 on both sides. The lower end of the connecting rod 7 is hinged to the second connecting plate 444.

[0026] The above structure forms a parallel four-bar linkage, with the first swing arm 441, the second swing arm 442, and the connecting plates on both sides forming a stable parallelogram frame. When the first electric push rod 41 drives the swing assembly 44 to swing around the first shaft seat 21, this four-bar linkage ensures that the traction pin 6 remains vertical during the swing process, and the actions of engaging and disengaging the hook assembly 3 are smooth and stable without deflection or jamming. At the same time, the structure has good rigidity and can withstand the traction load after engagement.

[0027] A first fixing post 445 is provided on the second connecting plate 444, and a second fixing post 22 is fixed on the support base 2. The first fixing post 445 and the second fixing post 22 are connected by a tension spring 8. The function of the tension spring 8 is to provide auxiliary restoring force when the first electric push rod 41 retracts, to help the traction pin 6 smoothly exit the hook assembly 3, to reduce the load on the first electric push rod 41, and at the same time to keep the swing assembly 44 in a stable initial position under no-load conditions.

[0028] The hook assembly 3 includes a hook base 31 and a towing plate 32. The towing plate 32 is fixedly connected to the hook base 31, and a rectangular channel 321 is provided on the towing plate 32 for the towing pin 6 to pass through. The opening direction of the rectangular channel 321 corresponds to the rotational swing path of the towing pin 6, so that the towing pin 6 can smoothly enter or exit the rectangular channel 321 during swing. Guide plates 9 are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the end of the support base 2. When the trailer approaches, the guide plates 9 guide the towing plate 32, so that the towing plate 32 can smoothly enter the hooking position under the support base 2, further improving the smoothness and success rate of the hooking operation.

[0029] A fixing rod 61 is fixed to the top of the traction pin 6, and a locking block 62 is fixed to the top of the fixing rod 61. An unlocking block 63 is also slidably connected to the fixing rod 61. The unlocking block 63 can slide freely along the axial direction on the fixing rod 61. The outer diameter of the locking block 62 is larger than the outer diameter of the fixing rod 61, and a stepped surface is formed below the locking block 62 for the limiting block to engage.

[0030] The locking mechanism 5 is fixed to the support base 2 and is used to lock the traction pin 6 after it is engaged with the hook assembly 3, preventing it from accidentally coming off during traction. The locking mechanism 5 includes a fixed base 51, a second electric push rod 52, and a locking seat 53. The fixed base 51 is fixedly mounted on the support base 2, the cylinder of the second electric push rod 52 is fixed to the fixed base 51, and the locking seat 53 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second electric push rod 52. The second electric push rod 52 is electrically connected to the control unit, and its telescopic movement is controlled by the control unit.

[0031] The locking seat 53 has a vertical groove 531 and a horizontal groove 532 inside. The vertical groove 531 is located in the center of the locking seat 53 and runs vertically through it to accommodate the fixing rod 61, locking block 62, and unlocking block 63 at the top of the traction pin 6. The horizontal grooves 532 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the vertical groove 531 and communicate with the vertical groove 531.

[0032] Both sides of the transverse groove 532 are equipped with a fixing block 533, a guide rod 534, and a spring 535. The guide rod 534 is arranged transversely, with one end fixedly connected to the fixing block 533 and the other end extending out of the locking seat 53 and fixedly connected to the limit block 536. The spring 535 is sleeved on the guide rod 534, with one end abutting against the fixing block 533 and the other end abutting against the inner wall of the transverse groove 532. In the free state, the elastic force of the spring 535 pushes the fixing block 533 to move inward, causing the fixing block 533 to extend into the vertical groove 531. When the fixing block 533 is subjected to an outward pushing force, it can overcome the elastic force of the spring 535 and retract outward into the transverse groove 532.

[0033] After the trailer is in place, the control unit first controls the first electric push rod 41 to extend, driving the connecting seat 43 to move downward along the linear guide rail 42. Through the connecting rod 7, the swing assembly 44 rotates downward around the first axle seat 21, and the towing pin 6 screws into the rectangular groove 321 of the towing plate 32 in an arc path, completing the engagement action. At this time, the fixing rod 61, locking block 62, and unlocking block 63 at the top of the towing pin 6 enter the vertical groove 531 of the locking seat 53 along with the towing pin 6. Subsequently, the control unit controls the second electric push rod 52 to extend, driving the locking seat 53 to move downward. During the downward pressing of the locking seat 53, the fixing blocks 533 on both sides first contact the top conical or arc surface of the locking block 62 and are pushed into the retractable transverse groove 532; when the locking seat 53 continues to press down until the fixing blocks 533 pass the locking block 62, the fixing blocks 533 are ejected inward under the elastic force of the spring 535, and are stuck below the locking block 62 and against the outside of the fixing rod 61, thus completing the mechanical locking.

[0034] In the locked state, the fixing block 533 is firmly held below the locking block 62 by the elastic force of the spring 535, supporting the locking block 62 from below and preventing the traction pin 6 from moving upward and exiting the rectangular channel 321, thus achieving reliable mechanical locking.

[0035] When disengagement is required, the control unit first controls the second electric push rod 52 to extend further, driving the locking seat 53 to move downwards a certain distance. During this process, the locking seat 53 continues to press down, locking under the unlocking block 63. Subsequently, the control unit controls the second electric push rod 52 to retract, driving the locking seat 53 to move upwards. Since the fixing block 533 is now located below the unlocking block 63, as the locking seat 53 moves upwards, the fixing block 533 supports the unlocking block 63 and moves upwards along with it.

[0036] After the unlocking block 63 moves upward a certain distance, it contacts the bottom of the locking block 62 above. At this time, the upper surface of the unlocking block 63 abuts against the bottom surface of the locking block 62, and the lower surface of the unlocking block 63 abuts against the fixing block 533. As the locking seat 53 continues to move upward, the unlocking block 63 exerts a pushing force on the fixing block 533, forcing the fixing block 533 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 535 and retract into the transverse groove 532. After the fixing block 533 is fully retracted, the locking seat 53 continues to move upward to the initial position. At this time, the fixing block 533 has released its constraint on the traction pin 6. The control unit controls the first electric push rod 41 to retract, driving the swing assembly 44 to rotate and swing upward. With the assistance of the tension spring 8, the traction pin 6 rotates out of the rectangular groove 321 in an arc path, completing the disengagement.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A decoupling device for an electric tractor, characterized in that: It includes a towing seat, a support seat, a hook assembly, a disengagement mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a control unit. The disengagement mechanism is fixed on the towing seat, and the support seat is fixed below the towing seat. The disengagement mechanism includes a first electric push rod, a linear guide rail, a connecting seat, and a swing assembly. The fixed end of the first electric push rod is fixed to the top of the traction seat, and its telescopic end is connected to the connecting seat. The linear guide rail is fixed to the side wall of the traction seat, and a slider is slidably connected to the linear guide rail. The connecting seat is fixedly connected to the slider. The middle part of the swing assembly is hinged to the support base, the top of the swing assembly is connected to the bottom of the connecting base, and a traction pin is fixedly connected to its bottom end. A tension spring is also connected between the swing assembly and the support base; The locking mechanism is fixed on the support base and is used to lock the traction pin after the traction pin is engaged with the hook assembly. The disengagement mechanism and the locking mechanism are electrically connected to the control unit.

2. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support base has first bearing seats on both sides of its bottom. The swing assembly is hinged to the first bearing seats. The linear motion of the first electric push rod is converted into the rotational swing of the traction pin around the hinge point by the swing assembly, so that the traction pin enters or exits the hook assembly in a rotating manner. The swing assembly and the connecting seat are connected by a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat, and the other end is hinged to the swing assembly.

3. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The swing assembly includes a first swing arm, a second swing arm, a first connecting plate, and a second connecting plate, with the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate disposed on the left and right sides of the first and second swing arms; The bottom end of the first swing arm is fixedly connected to the first connecting plates on both sides, and its top end is hinged to the second connecting plates on both sides. The bottom end of the second swing arm is hinged to the first connecting plates on both sides, and its top end is hinged to the second connecting plates on both sides.

4. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second connecting plate is provided with a first fixing post, and the support base is fixed with a second fixing post. The first fixing post and the second fixing post are connected by a tension spring.

5. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hook assembly includes a hook base and a traction plate. The traction plate is fixedly connected to the hook base, and a rectangular groove is provided on the traction plate for the traction pin to pass through.

6. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 5, characterized in that: Guide plates are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the end of the support base to guide the traction plate into the hook position.

7. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fixing rod is fixed to the top of the traction pin, the locking block is fixed to the top of the fixing block, and an unlocking block is slidably connected to the fixing rod.

8. The uncoupling device for an electric tractor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a fixed base, a second electric push rod, and a locking seat. The fixed base is mounted on a support base, the second electric push rod is fixed on the fixed base, and the locking seat is fixed to the telescopic end of the second electric push rod. The locking seat has a vertical groove and a horizontal groove inside. The vertical groove is located in the center of the locking member and is used to accommodate the fixing rod at the top of the traction pin. The horizontal groove is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the locking seat. Both sides of the transverse groove are equipped with a fixing block, a guide rod and a spring. One end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the fixing block, and the other end extends out of the locking seat and is fixedly connected to the limit block. The spring is sleeved on the guide rod, with one end fixedly connected to the fixing block and the other end fixedly connected to the inner wall of the transverse groove.

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