Sectorial ship lock self-cleaning system

Abstract

This invention relates to a self-cleaning system for a fan-shaped lock. The system includes a lock with a side-mounted water inlet at the upper lock head and a side-mounted water outlet at the lower lock head. The side-mounted water inlet has lock head inlets and outlets located upstream and downstream of the upper lock gate, while the side-mounted water outlet has lock head inlets and outlets located upstream and downstream of the lower lock gate. The side-mounted water inlet also has a lock chamber outlet, and the side-mounted water outlet also has a lock chamber inlet. Energy dissipation pools are located upstream and downstream of each working lock gate, between their respective lock head inlets or outlets, and connected to the lock head inlets or outlets. The intersection line of the energy dissipation pools is a convex curve on the side away from the lock gate and a concave curve on the side adjacent to the lock gate. This invention achieves self-cleaning of the lock chamber while reducing the complexity of the lock structure and facilitating construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a self-cleaning system for a sector-shaped ship lock, belonging to the field of water conservancy engineering technology. Background Technology

[0002] Dredging and sand removal within lock chambers primarily employ hydraulic flushing methods, mainly still-water sand removal and lock chamber discharge flushing. In some cases, corridor flushing can also be implemented. For example, Chinese patent document CN119571786A discloses an anti-siltation device for river and waterway locks and its usage method. A lock chamber is formed between the upstream and downstream gates. Both the upstream and downstream gates have a connecting vessel at their bottom. Multiple flow-dispersing mechanisms are installed between the connecting vessel's channel and the upstream waterway. These mechanisms have pipes connecting the channel and the upstream waterway. Multiple flow-dispersing mechanisms are installed at the bottom of the lock chamber at the channel outlet of the connecting vessel. Each flow-dispersing mechanism has a flow-dispersing cylinder and an inclined base. The inclined base is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lock chamber, and the flow-dispersing cylinder is fixedly installed on the inclined base. The flow-dispersing cylinder discharges water entering from the connecting vessel's channel into the lock chamber. By employing the flow-dispersing structures of the lock chamber and the connecting vessel, silt and sand accumulation at the bottom of the lock chamber and the connecting vessel is prevented. Chinese patent document CN114592494A discloses a type of lock for a silty, meandering river, including: an inbound channel, an offshore lock, an underground channel, a berthing lock, and several corresponding flushing and drainage systems. The inbound channel and the offshore lock, the offshore lock and the underground channel, and the underground channel and the berthing lock are separated by several gates. The gates separate the inbound channel and the lock from the main channel to prevent silt from entering. The flushing and drainage systems enable the raising and lowering of ships. Chinese patent document CN212561458U discloses a lock with flood discharge and sediment removal functions. A gate concealment groove, shaped to match the working gate, is provided on the lock's bottom plate. The working gate is installed at one end of the gate concealment groove via a gate bottom shaft. The working gate can rotate around the gate bottom shaft and can be entirely housed within the gate concealment groove. A silt flushing mechanism is provided at the bottom of the gate concealment groove. Symmetrical water filling and emptying channels are provided in the side walls on both sides of the lock, connecting the upstream and downstream sides of the working gate and equipped with pump stations. These existing technologies each have their own characteristics, enabling silt removal and sediment removal from the lock chamber based on the water flow, giving the lock chamber a self-cleaning function. However, they still have certain limitations, such as significantly increasing the complexity of the lock structure, making construction complex, time-consuming, and costly. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to reduce the complexity of the lock structure and facilitate construction while achieving self-cleaning of the lock chamber.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a fan-shaped lock self-cleaning system, comprising a lock, a lock-side water filling corridor at the upper lock head, and a lock-side water discharge corridor at the lower lock head. The lock-side water filling corridor is provided with lock head inlets (located at the corresponding lock head inlets) and lock head outlets (located at the corresponding lock head outlets) on the upstream and downstream sides of the upper gate (upper lock head working gate). The lock-side water discharge corridor is provided with lock head inlets and lock head outlets on the upstream and downstream sides of the lower gate (lower lock head working gate). The key feature is that the lock-side water filling corridor is also provided with a lock chamber outlet (located at the lock chamber outlet), and the lock-side water discharge corridor is also provided with a lock chamber inlet (located at the lock chamber inlet). Each working gate (upper and lower gates) has a stilling basin on the lock head bottom plate on the upstream and downstream sides. Each stilling basin is located between its corresponding lock head inlet or lock head outlet, and is connected to the lock head inlets or lock head outlets on both sides.

[0005] Preferably, the bottom of the stilling basin is cylindrical with a horizontally straight generatrix, and its intersection line (the intersection line of the plane perpendicular to the generatrix) is a smooth curve. The bottom of the basin smoothly transitions with the gate head plate on the side away from the gate, and connects to the water-retaining structure of the storage pit on the side adjacent to the gate. The connection point is usually on the side of the water-retaining structure, lower than the top of the water-retaining structure, for example, at the same level as the gate head plate. Preferably, the stilling basin's orthogonal intersection line is a convex curve on the side away from the gate and a concave curve on the side adjacent to the gate. The longitudinal length (longitudinal dimension) of the convex curve portion accounts for one-third of the longitudinal length of the orthogonal intersection line (differences that do not have a substantial impact in practice are allowed), and the longitudinal length of the concave curve portion (which is allowed to be a horizontal straight line or nearly a horizontal straight line in the bottom area of ​​the stilling basin) accounts for two-thirds of the longitudinal length of the intersection line (differences that do not have a substantial impact in practice are allowed).

[0006] Furthermore, the longitudinal span of the stilling basin should generally exceed the longitudinal span of the corresponding gate inlet or outlet. That is, the longitudinal dimension of the stilling basin is greater than the longitudinal dimension (which can be called the longitudinal length) of the gate inlet or outlet, and the longitudinal region of the gate inlet or outlet is located within the longitudinal region of the corresponding stilling basin.

[0007] Preferably, the longitudinal length of the stilling basin can be 2-3 times the longitudinal length of the corresponding gate inlet or gate outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the lower edge of the gate head inlet or the lower edge of the gate head outlet is at the same height as the bottom area (the lowest area of ​​the pool bottom) of the corresponding stilling basin (the elevations are equal, but differences that have no substantial impact in practice are allowed).

[0009] The bottom area of ​​the stilling basin is usually the area within the longitudinal region of the stilling basin and the gate head inlet or outlet. The lowest point of the stilling basin should be located within the bottom area, and the height difference (vertical distance) between the highest and lowest points of the bottom area should usually not exceed 10% or 15% of the depth of the stilling basin.

[0010] The area at which the height difference between the bottom of the pool and the lowest point of the pool is within 10% or 15% of the depth of the stilling pool can be considered as the bottom area of ​​the stilling pool.

[0011] The elevation of the lowest point in the bottom zone can be regarded as the elevation of the bottom zone.

[0012] Preferably, a stilling basin located downstream of the working gate in the same gate head is provided with a stilling sill.

[0013] Furthermore, the stilling basin located upstream of the working gate in the same gate head may or may not be equipped with a stilling sill.

[0014] Preferably, the stilling basin has a notch in the middle. For example, if the same stilling basin is divided into two sections with a gap between them, this gap is the notch in the middle of the stilling basin. The longitudinal positions of the notches in the stilling basins in the same stilling pool are consistent, corresponding to the middle of the inlet or outlet of the corresponding gate.

[0015] Furthermore, the longitudinal length of the notch in the middle of the stilling sill can be one-twelfth to one-tenth of the longitudinal length of the corresponding gate head inlet or outlet.

[0016] Preferably, in the two sections separated by the notch in the same energy dissipation sill (which may be referred to as the adjacent gate section and the distant gate section, respectively), the longitudinal length of the adjacent gate section is equal to or greater than the longitudinal length of the distant gate section.

[0017] Preferably, the sump / maintenance drainage pit of the gate head is located in the middle (lowest point) of the bottom area of ​​the stilling basin.

[0018] Furthermore, when there is only one outlet in the gate chamber of the same gate-side irrigation corridor, the flow rate of the outlet (flow rate under stable irrigation conditions) is preferably 20%-30% of the total flow rate of the gate-side irrigation corridor.

[0019] Preferably, the number of gate chamber outlets in the same gate-side irrigation corridor is one, and the number of gate chamber inlets in the same gate-side spillway corridor is one.

[0020] Furthermore, when there is only one gate chamber inlet in the same gate-side spillway, the flow rate (flow rate under stable discharge conditions) of a single gate chamber inlet in the gate-side spillway is preferably 20%-30% of the total flow rate of the gate-side spillway.

[0021] The flow area of ​​each section of the gate-side irrigation and drainage corridors, as well as the size of each outlet and inlet, can be calculated / set based on the flow ratio requirements of each inlet and outlet in the water conveyance corridor. If necessary, a simulation model can be constructed and / or a simulation experiment can be conducted, and the design and optimization of the above-mentioned structure and other components can be implemented based on the simulation or experimental data.

[0022] Any working gate can be of any suitable form.

[0023] Preferably, both the upper and lower gates are downward-flipping (or settling type, where the arc-shaped gate leaf flips downwards to fully open when it reaches the bottom of the gate pit) fan-shaped gates (or arc-shaped gates). Therefore, when necessary, these upper and / or lower gates can be used as overflow dams. By adjusting the angle of the corresponding working gates to set / adjust the overflow height, a single-stage overflow dam can be constructed using one of the working gates (with the other gate in the open state), or a two-stage overflow dam can be constructed using both the upper and lower gates simultaneously.

[0024] Preferably, the gate-side water filling gallery is equipped with a water filling valve and a bypass for the water filling valve. The two ends of the bypass are connected to the gate-side water filling gallery on the water inlet side of the water filling valve and the gate-side water filling gallery on the water outlet side of the water filling valve, respectively. A bypass is provided on the bypass. Thus, when the water filling valve is closed, the bypass is open, and the water discharge valve of the gate-side water filling gallery is open, the gate-side water filling gallery is connected through the bypass. Water upstream of the lock flows through the gate-side water filling gallery (via the bypass), the lock chamber, and the gate-side water filling gallery (and the water inlets of each gallery, etc.) to the downstream of the lock, thereby realizing submerged discharge between the upstream and downstream of the lock.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Since the gate-side water intake and discharge corridors are respectively equipped with gate head inlets and outlets corresponding to the upstream and downstream sides of the corresponding gates, and stilling basins are set between the opposing gate head inlets and outlets, with multiple stilling sills installed within the stilling basin at the gate head outlet, this not only achieves a good stilling effect, but also, through the specific shape of the stilling basin and its interaction with the gate head inlets and outlets, forms a specific water flow organization. This improves the water flow's ability to scour sediment settled on the bottom surface, provides the water flow's ability to prevent sediment settling, and enhances the water flow's ability to transport sediment. This effectively consumes water flow energy, adjusts and improves the flow pattern, reduces water flow turbulence damage and cavitation, while effectively avoiding or mitigating sediment deposition within the lock, achieving a significant degree of self-cleaning for the lock. Furthermore, since the gate-side water intake corridor also has one or more outlets located in the lock chamber, and the lock chamber outlets are angled downstream, this not only facilitates… The stable rise of water levels in all parts of the gate chamber allows for a more effective and smoother push of sediment settled on the gate chamber floor downstream. Because the spillway on the side of the gate also has one or more gate chamber outlets located within the gate chamber, and these outlets are angled upstream, this not only facilitates a stable drop in water levels in all parts of the gate chamber but also more effectively and smoothly pulls sediment settled on the gate chamber floor downstream. Furthermore, because the bottom surfaces of each water conveyance channel are planar, and the sidewalls at points of directional change are flat... The smooth surface helps maintain the stability of the water flow and avoids or reduces turbulence; since the working gate adopts a sunken (or tilting) fan-shaped gate (or arc gate), it sinks into the storage pit at the bottom of the gate when open, which does not affect the aesthetics; since a bypass can also be set on the water filling corridor on the side of the gate, the water can be discharged through the bypass when ships pass through the gate, thereby playing a role in upstream water level control. In some scenarios, it can be used to replace the overflow dam for discharge and the discharge noise is significantly lower than that of the overflow dam.

[0026] This invention can be mainly used in urban or landscape waterways, and can also be used in other suitable occasions, especially in low-head situations of 2-5 meters. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the plan structure of a gate-side irrigation corridor; Figure 2 Is with Figure 1 The corresponding CC diagram (involving the bottom of the stilling basin and the inlet and outlet of the gate-side irrigation corridor); Figure 3 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the plan structure of a gate-side spillway. Figure 4 Is with Figure 3 The corresponding DD schematic diagram (involving the bottom of the stilling basin and the inlet and outlet of the gate-side spillway); Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bypass in accordance with the present invention.

[0028] The diagram is marked with the following symbols: 11. Gate head; 12. Gate chamber; 15. Gate slot; 18. Water-retaining structure of the gate pit; 19. Gate pit; 21. Gate-side irrigation corridor; 22. Inlet of the gate head of the gate-side irrigation corridor; 23. Outlet of the gate head of the gate-side irrigation corridor; 24. Outlet of the gate chamber of the gate-side irrigation corridor; 25. Injection valve; 26. Gate-side discharge corridor; 27. Inlet of the gate head of the gate-side discharge corridor; 28. Outlet of the gate head of the gate-side discharge corridor; 29. ​​Outlet of the gate chamber of the gate-side discharge corridor; 32. Stilling basin; 33. Stilling sill; 34. Stilling pier; 36. Notch of the stilling sill; 38. Water collection structure; 41. Discharge bypass; 45. Discharge control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0029] See Figures 1 to 5 This invention can be used for sector locks (locks with sector-shaped working gates) and other suitable types of locks. The lock mainly consists of upper and lower lock heads 11, lock chambers 12, and a water conveyance system. Its water conveyance channels adopt a short channel structure, including a lock-side water filling channel 21 mainly located at the upper lock head and a lock-side water discharge channel 26 mainly located at the lower lock head. The water inlet and outlet of each water conveyance channel can adopt rectangular inlets and rectangular outlets. The lock-side water filling channel is provided with its lock head inlet 22, lock head outlet 23, and lock chamber outlet 24; the lock-side water discharge channel is provided with its lock head inlet 27, lock head outlet 28, and lock chamber inlet 29. The gate chamber outlet and the gate head outlet of the gate-side irrigation corridor work together to irrigate the gate chamber, and the outflow rate of the gate chamber outlet can be controlled at 20%-30% of the irrigation flow rate (total flow rate of the irrigation corridor); the gate chamber inlet and the gate head inlet of the gate-side discharge corridor work together to discharge water from the gate chamber, and the inflow rate of the gate chamber inlet can be controlled at 30%-50% of the discharge flow rate (total discharge flow rate).

[0030] The gate chamber outlet of the gate-side irrigation corridor and the gate chamber inlet of the gate-side spillway corridor are respectively located near their respective working gates.

[0031] Energy dissipation piers 34 may be installed at the inlet end of the gate of the irrigation corridor and / or the drainage corridor (the area near the gate inlet). The number, size and distribution of energy dissipation piers may be based on existing technology.

[0032] Energy dissipation pools 32 are provided on both the upstream and downstream sides of the upper and lower gates inside the lock head inlet. Each energy dissipation pool is located between its corresponding lock head inlet or lock head outlet, and is connected to the lock head inlet or lock head outlet to facilitate the rational organization of water flow within the lock, improve the flow pattern in each area, and achieve good sediment removal effect.

[0033] Based on existing technology, water intake valves (e.g., parallel gate valves) 25 can be installed in the water intake corridor, and water discharge valves (e.g., parallel gate valves) can be installed in the gate-side discharge corridor to achieve control of water intake and discharge. When using parallel gate valves, gate slots 15 can be installed on each water conveyance corridor to cooperate with the water conveyance valves (intake valves or discharge valves) and maintenance valves respectively. When using other types of valves, corresponding supporting structures can also be installed on the water conveyance corridor according to the specific valve type.

[0034] The gate pit 19, which accommodates the gate leaf of the sector gate, is located between the upstream and downstream stilling basins. Water-retaining structures 18 are provided on both the upstream and downstream sides of the gate pit. The water-retaining structure of the gate pit can be a horizontally extending protruding structure, higher than the bottom plate of the gate head, and its outer surface can be a vertical plane or a curved surface.

[0035] The bottom of the stilling basin is a cylindrical surface with a horizontally straight generatrix. The bottom of the upstream stilling basin is initially a convex cylindrical surface (according to the order of water flow) to guide the water flow direction (near the bottom or the overall flow direction) to gradually change downwards, followed by a concave cylindrical surface to guide the water flow direction to gradually change upwards. Simultaneously, since the corresponding gate inlets are located on both sides, the water flow direction also changes to both sides. Because the inflow to the upstream stilling basin is relatively stable, a stilling sill is not required.

[0036] For the downstream stilling basin, since the corresponding gate outlets are located on both sides, the water initially flows laterally opposite each other, then, constrained by the stilling basin and gates, turns to flow downstream. The bottom of the stilling basin initially forms a deep concave cylindrical surface to accommodate the water from the gate outlets, guiding the flow direction (near the bottom or the overall flow direction) gradually upwards, followed by a convex cylindrical surface to guide the flow direction gradually downwards. Simultaneously, due to the more intense and turbulent flow from the gate outlets, a stilling sill 33 should be installed in the downstream stilling basin. Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the example, there are four stilling sills, symmetrically distributed from left to right. The stilling sills near the gate outlet (or near the edge) extend roughly longitudinally to adapt to the flow direction of the gate outlet; the stilling sills near the transverse center of the stilling pool (or near the center) extend obliquely, with the downstream side sloping outward to adapt to changes in the flow direction.

[0037] The same stilling sill is divided into two sections, and the distance between the two sections can be regarded as a gap 36 in the stilling sill. The water flow through the gap is basically unobstructed by the stilling sill. The longitudinal position of the gap on each stilling sill is the same, which is consistent with the longitudinal middle position of the outlet of the gate on both sides, so as to facilitate the rapid distribution of the water flow from the outlet of the corresponding gate in the lateral direction.

[0038] The longitudinal length of the notch in the middle of the stilling sill can be one-twelfth to one-tenth of the longitudinal length of the corresponding gate head inlet or outlet.

[0039] The water collection structure (e.g., a water collection well or maintenance drainage pit) 38 of the lock head is located in the middle of the bottom area of ​​the stilling basin (at the lowest point). Its specific shape and size are set according to the actual situation and are used to completely drain the water in the lock during maintenance and other occasions.

[0040] A bypass 41 for bypassing the filling valve is provided on the filling channel, and a discharge control valve 45 is installed on each bypass. Thus, when the filling valve is closed, opening the discharge control valve connects the filling channels on both sides of the filling valve. In this case, opening the discharge valve allows water upstream of the lock to first enter the lock chamber through the filling channel, and then flow out of the lock chamber through the discharge channel, thereby achieving discharge from upstream to downstream.

[0041] A bypass corridor or bypass pipeline can be installed in the vicinity of the filling valve to serve as a discharge bypass. When a bypass corridor is used, a circular (circular cross-section) valve chamber can be installed in the bypass corridor for installing the discharge control valve, and the installation of the corresponding valve can be achieved by partially circularizing the corridor.

[0042] A straight section can be set in the venting bypass, and the venting control valve can be installed in the straight section to help reduce damage such as cavitation and extend its service life.

[0043] In practice, for urban landscape waterways and other similar situations, the discharge flow required to maintain the upstream water level is much smaller than the filling and discharge flow of the lock. Therefore, the discharge bypass can use a smaller flow area, and damping (e.g., damping / energy dissipation grid) can be installed at the inlet of the discharge bypass to reduce the flow velocity. Therefore, it is also permissible / suitable to use valves with greater resistance as discharge control valves.

[0044] Valve wells and other facilities can be installed based on existing technology.

[0045] Unless otherwise specified, the preferred and optional technical means disclosed in this invention can be arbitrarily combined to form several different specific embodiments when one preferred or optional technical means is a further limitation of another technical means.

Claims

1. A fan-shaped lock self-cleaning system, comprising a lock, a side water inlet channel at the upper lock head, and a side water outlet channel at the lower lock head. The side water inlet channel has lock head inlets and outlets located upstream and downstream of the upper lock gate, and the side water outlet channel has lock head inlets and outlets located upstream and downstream of the lower lock gate. The system is characterized in that... The gate side irrigation corridor is also equipped with a gate chamber outlet, and the gate side spillway corridor is also equipped with a gate chamber inlet. Each working gate has a stilling pool on both the upstream and downstream sides. Each stilling pool is located between the corresponding gate head inlet or gate head outlet on both sides, and is connected to the gate head inlet or gate head outlet on both sides.

2. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The bottom of the stilling basin is cylindrical with a horizontal straight line as its generatrix, and its positive intersection line is a smooth curve. The bottom of the basin smoothly transitions with the bottom plate of the gate head on the side away from the gate, and connects to the water-retaining structure of the storage pit on the side adjacent to the gate.

3. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The stilling basin's orthogonal intersection line is a convex curve on the side away from the gate and a concave curve on the side adjacent to the gate. The longitudinal length of the convex curve portion accounts for one-third of the longitudinal length of the orthogonal intersection line, and the longitudinal length of the concave curve portion accounts for two-thirds of the longitudinal length of the intersection line.

4. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The lower edge of the gate head inlet or the lower edge of the gate head outlet is at the same height as the bottom of the corresponding stilling basin.

5. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... In the same gate head, the stilling basin located downstream of the working gate is equipped with a stilling sill, while the stilling basin located upstream of the working gate may or may not be equipped with a stilling sill.

6. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The stilling sill has a notch in the middle. The longitudinal position of the notches in the stilling sills in the same stilling pool is the same, corresponding to the middle of the inlet or outlet of the corresponding gate head.

7. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In the two sections of the same energy dissipation sill separated by a notch, the longitudinal length of the section adjacent to the gate is equal to or greater than the longitudinal length of the section away from the gate.

8. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... The number of gate chamber outlets in the same gate-side irrigation corridor is one, and the number of gate chamber inlets in the same gate-side spillway corridor is one.

9. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... Both the upper and lower gates are downward-opening fan-shaped gates.

10. The sector-shaped lock self-cleaning system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... The gate-side water intake corridor is equipped with water intake valves and water intake valve discharge bypasses. The two ends of the discharge bypasses are connected to the gate-side water intake corridor on the water intake side of the water intake valve and the gate-side water intake corridor on the water outlet side of the water intake valve, respectively. A discharge control valve is installed on the discharge bypass.

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