Flexible template filling equipment and method for coal mining in side slope

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of open-pit mine side slope coal mining, and discloses a flexible template filling device and method for side slope coal mining, which comprises a filling forklift, the front end of which holds a filling frame, the filling frame is provided with a vertical lifting rod and a horizontal telescopic rod, and an independent flexible filling mold bag is hung below the filling frame; during operation, the filling forklift transports the filling frame to the far end of the mining tunnel, the independent flexible filling mold bag is unfolded against the rock wall through the telescopic rod, material is injected into the mold bag and solidified to form a first filling body, the filling frame is anchored to the far end of the mining tunnel as a stress anchor point, and the anchor point is used to stretch and tension the filling pipeline suspension steel wire rope and the mold bag suspension steel wire rope outside the mining tunnel, the filling pipeline and the partition type flexible filling mold bag provided with a physical spacing layer are introduced in suspension, and the independent filling spaces in the partition type flexible filling mold bag are filled in a far-to-near segmented retreat manner. The present application completes pipeline laying without personnel entering, and limits material backflow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of open-pit coal mining technology, specifically to flexible template filling equipment and methods for coal mining tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mines, due to the spatial difference between the surface boundary and the deep boundary, the sidewalls between adjacent mines can cover coal resources. Sidewall coal mining technology involves deploying excavation equipment at the exposed coal seam on the sidewall of the open-pit mine. Operators operate the tunneling device outside the mining chamber to excavate inward to form the mining chamber and extract coal. After mining is completed, the entire equipment is removed from the mining chamber.

[0003] To support the roof of a mining tunnel and ensure the geological stability of the slope, paste filling technology is typically used to fill the internal space of the tunnel. The resulting filling material, along with the remaining coal pillars, shares the roof pressure. In actual operations, the length of a mining tunnel is usually between 100 and 300 meters, a physical distance exceeding the gravity flow radius of conventional paste filling. Current paste filling technology mainly relies on gravity flow and is only suitable for mining tunnels with a large downward dip angle formed by subduction mining. When applied to mining tunnels with a smaller dip angle, near-horizontal, or upward dip formed by inverted mining, due to fluid dynamics limitations, the paste cannot spontaneously flow to the far end of the tunnel, resulting in the internal space not being effectively filled.

[0004] Existing technologies that employ mechanical filling pipelines within the mining tunnel for point-filling face multiple objective physical limitations. During tunnel excavation, the roof is not anchored, posing safety risks to personnel entering. Furthermore, under unmanned operation conditions, there is a lack of mechanical means to linearly lay flexible or rigid pipelines hundreds of meters away from the distant end of the tunnel and spatially position them. Simultaneously, to ensure the filling material ultimately contacts and supports the roof surface, the filling pipeline must be continuously suspended or supported at a high spatial position near the roof, making it difficult to achieve pipeline suspension and fixation without human intervention. Moreover, in the geometry of upsloping mining tunnels, even if the filling pipeline reaches the designated location, the injected fluid material will be affected by gravity and flow backward towards the lower-lying tunnel exit. The backflowing material will first accumulate and solidify at the entrance of the tunnel, cutting off the air exchange channel between the inside and outside. This prevents the air sealed below the roof at the far end of the tunnel from being discharged, ultimately forming a large-volume wedge-shaped cavity without material, which cannot meet the physical structural requirements for roof support.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a flexible template filling device and method for side coal mining tunnels to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a flexible template filling device and method for side coal mining tunnels, which solves the problems of the inability to lay filling pipelines suspended in long-distance near-horizontal or upward-sloping mining tunnels without personnel entering the tunnel, and the formation of unfilled cavities at the far end caused by the backflow of filling material towards the tunnel entrance due to gravity.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a flexible template filling device for a side-side coal mining tunnel, including a filling forklift. A filling frame is supported at the front end of the filling forklift, and a filling material box, divided into two independent compartments, is fixedly connected to the rear end. The bottom of the filling frame is a rigid base with a certain weight. A vertical lifting rod, whose height can be adjusted by vertical extension and retraction, is installed on the side of the filling frame near the filling forklift. A support beam parallel to the direction of travel of the filling forklift is installed at the top of the vertical lifting rod, and reinforcing ribs are installed on the bottom surface of the support beam. A horizontal telescopic rod is installed on each side of the support beam, and wire rope guide rings are installed at both ends of the horizontal telescopic rod near the filling forklift. A wire rope fixing device is installed at the end of the support beam near the filling forklift. An independent flexible filling template bag, open at the top and closed at the bottom, is suspended below the horizontal telescopic rod. The width of the independent flexible filling template bag is adjusted with the extension and retraction of the horizontal telescopic rod, and its unfolded height is the same as the height of the mining tunnel to be filled. The filling forklift is equipped with a filling pump, which pumps filling material from the filling material box, which has a volume larger than the volume of the independent flexible filling mold bag after it is fully expanded, into the independent flexible filling mold bag.

[0008] The independent flexible filling mold bag is deployed at the far end of the mining tunnel and abuts against the rock wall surface through the mechanical linear movement of the vertical lifting rod and horizontal telescopic rod. Filling material is injected into the mold bag and allowed to solidify, which rigidly anchors the reinforcing ribs at the bottom of the supporting beam and the entire filling frame to the far end of the mining tunnel, thereby establishing a physical base point at the end of the mining tunnel to withstand the tension of the wire rope.

[0009] Furthermore, one end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope is fixedly connected to the wire rope fixing device, and the other end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope is connected to the automatic rope release device on the filling forklift. One end of each of the two mold bag suspension wire ropes passes through two wire rope guide rings and is fixedly connected to the filling forklift. The filling material box is connected to the independent flexible filling mold bag through a filling hose.

[0010] Furthermore, a lifting ring is slidably installed on the suspension wire rope of the filling pipeline, and the filling pipeline is suspended on the suspension wire rope through the lifting ring.

[0011] Furthermore, a partitioned flexible filling mold bag is connected to the suspension wire rope of the mold bag. The partitioned flexible filling mold bag is a flexible filling device with several internal partition layers. After unfolding within the mining tunnel, it forms a bag-like structure with closed sides and bottom plate, and an open top plate. The partition layers divide the partitioned flexible filling mold bag into several independent filling spaces, and the spacing between the partition layers is the same as the filling step distance. The two sides of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag are fixedly connected to the suspension wire rope of the mold bag by fixing devices that cannot move relative to each other. The interval between the fixing devices on the suspension wire rope of the mold bag does not exceed one filling step distance.

[0012] The wire rope guide ring changes the direction of tension transmission of the wire rope suspending the formwork bag. Workers outside the mining chamber pull the free end of the wire rope suspending the formwork bag outwards, generating an inward traction force to drag the partitioned flexible filling formwork bag into the mining chamber. The partitioned flexible filling formwork bag's internal spacers physically block the filling material, limiting the large-scale diffusion of liquid material along the mining chamber's axial direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the horizontal telescopic boom after retraction is greater than the width of the filling forklift and the filling material box. When fully extended, the width of the horizontal telescopic boom is greater than the width of the mining chamber. When fully raised, the vertical lifting boom is greater than the height of the mining chamber. These dimensional constraints ensure sufficient operating space for the equipment inside the mining chamber and reliable physical contact with the rock wall after deployment.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for filling a side coal mining tunnel with a flexible template, using the aforementioned flexible template filling equipment for side coal mining tunnels, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The filling frame is deployed at the far end of the mining tunnel, and filling material is pumped into the independent flexible filling mold bag to solidify the filling material to form the first filling body. The filling frame is then fixed at the far end of the mining tunnel. Using the filling frame fixed at the far end of the mining pit as an anchor point, the filling pipeline is suspended and introduced into the mining pit by the steel wire rope of the filling pipeline; The partitioned flexible filling mold bag is introduced into the mining chamber and unfolded by suspending steel wire ropes through the mold bag; The filling pipes are used to fill each independent filling space in the partitioned flexible filling mold bag one by one, from far to near, until the entire mining tunnel is filled.

[0016] By generating the first filling body at the far end to form a structural anchor point, and stretching the suspension steel wire rope, the pipeline and the manhole bag are delivered outside the hole without contacting the bottom plate. Combined with the partitioned structure of the manhole bag, grouting is performed in a backward-moving manner, solving the problems of personnel being unable to enter the mining chamber and material flowing outwards by gravity.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step of forming the first filling body: control the vertical lifting rod to rise and abut against the top plate of the mining chamber, control the horizontal telescopic rod to extend and abut against the two sides of the mining chamber, so that the independent flexible filling mold bag unfolds; after the first filling body is formed, the reinforcing rib is embedded inside the first filling body; then disconnect the connection of the filling hose, the filling forklift reverses and releases the filling pipeline suspension wire rope and the mold bag suspension wire rope and exits the mining chamber; the two mold bag suspension wire ropes are reversed through the wire rope guide ring so that both ends of the two mold bag suspension wire ropes are outside the mining chamber.

[0018] Furthermore, in the step of introducing the filling pipeline: the suspension wire rope of the filling pipeline is tensioned outside the mining chamber and kept close to the top plate of the mining chamber; the filling pipeline is suspended on the suspension wire rope through the lifting ring; the filling pipeline is connected section by section and pushed into the mining chamber; in the step of introducing the partitioned flexible filling mold bag: the end of the mold bag suspension wire rope that is not connected to the partitioned flexible filling mold bag is dragged, and the partitioned flexible filling mold bag is gradually dragged into the far end of the mining chamber; two mold bag suspension wire ropes are tensioned outside the mining chamber respectively, and the two mold bag suspension wire ropes are fixed at the two adjacent shoulder corners of the top plate and the two sides of the mining chamber respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, in the step of filling each independent filling space one by one: one end of the filling pipeline is inserted into the farthest independent filling space of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag for filling; after the farthest independent filling space is filled to form the subsequent filling body and before the filling material solidifies, the filling pipeline is withdrawn outward by one filling step distance, and the next independent filling space is filled.

[0020] Furthermore, the filling material in the filling material box is a two-component chemical slurry, which shortens the material setting time; throughout the filling operation, the steel wire ropes suspending the filling pipeline and the steel wire ropes suspending the mold bag are kept under tension.

[0021] This invention provides a flexible template filling device and method for side coal mining tunnels. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention deploys an independent flexible filling mold bag at the far end of the mining chamber using a vertical lifting rod and a horizontal telescopic rod, and injects material to solidify and form the first filling body. This filling body rigidly anchors the filling frame inside the mining chamber, providing a far-end physical base point for the steel wire ropes suspending the filling pipeline and the mold bag. The above structure allows tension to be applied to the steel wire ropes outside the mining chamber, so that the pipeline and mold bag suspension positions are close to the top plate contour, completing the high-level erection of the pipeline and mold bag without personnel entering the mining chamber.

[0022] 2. The partitioned flexible filling mold bag of the present invention has an internal partition layer that divides the internal volume into several independent filling spaces. The filling pipeline is kept axially sliding on the steel wire rope suspended by the lifting ring. During the grouting operation, the partition layer forms a physical barrier to the fluid material, blocking the overall flow of the material towards the mine outlet under gravity. The sliding and suspended pipeline, in conjunction with the independent filling spaces, performs segmented backward discharge from far to near, avoiding unfilled cavities formed in the upward-sloping mine due to the inability of air to be discharged.

[0023] 3. The filling and receiving cavities of the present invention are all made of flexible material mold bags. Under the action of fluid pressure provided by the filling pump, the flexible bag will undergo geometric deformation and directly conform to the irregular rock surface morphology inside the mining chamber. After the filling material is solidified, the mold bag remains in place, eliminating the steps of erecting and disassembling mechanical parts, which meets the process flow restriction of no human intervention in the mining chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the filling forklift entering the mining chamber according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the filling pipeline laying according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the partition-type flexible filling mold bag of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the subsequent filling process of the present invention.

[0025] The components include: 1. Filling forklift; 2. Filling frame; 2-1. Base; 2-2. Vertical lifting rod; 2-3. Support beam; 2-4. Horizontal telescopic rod; 2-5. Independent flexible filling mold bag; 2-6. Reinforcing rib; 2-7. Wire rope fixing device; 2-8. Wire rope guide ring; 2-9. Filling hose; 3. Filling material box; 4. Mining chamber; 5. Filling pipeline suspension wire rope; 6. Mold bag suspension wire rope; 7-1. Filling body; 7-2. Subsequent filling body; 8. Filling pipeline; 9. Lifting ring; 10. Fixing device; 11. Partitioned flexible filling mold bag; 11-1. Independent filling space. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 5 This invention provides a flexible template filling device and method for side coal mining tunnels, including a filling forklift 1. A filling frame 2 is supported at the front end of the filling forklift 1, and a filling material box 3, consisting of two independent compartments, is fixedly connected to the rear end. The bottom of the filling frame 2 is a rigid base 2-1 with a certain weight. A vertical lifting rod 2-2, whose height can be adjusted by vertical extension and retraction, is installed on the side of the filling frame 2 near the filling forklift 1. A support beam 2-3, parallel to the traveling direction of the filling forklift 1 and with reinforcing ribs 2-6 installed on its bottom surface, is installed on the top of the vertical lifting rod 2-2. A horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 is installed on each side of the support beam 2-3, near... Steel wire rope guide rings 2-8 are installed at both ends of the horizontal telescopic bar 2-4 on one side of the filling forklift 1; a steel wire rope fixing device 2-7 is installed at the end of the support beam 2-3 near the filling forklift 1; an independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 with an open top and closed bottom is suspended under the horizontal telescopic bar 2-4. The width of the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 is adjusted with the extension and retraction of the horizontal telescopic bar 2-4, and its height after unfolding is the same as the height of the mining chamber 4 to be filled. A filling pump is installed on the filling forklift 1. The filling pump pumps the filling material in the filling material box 3, which has a volume larger than the volume of the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 after it is fully unfolded, into the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5.

[0028] Specifically, the filling forklift 1 serves as the power platform, with its forks physically supporting the base 2-1 of the filling frame 2. The base 2-1 is made of cast iron or internally counterweighted metal plates, ensuring that the overall physical center of gravity of the filling frame 2 is lower than its geometric center, thus maintaining vertical stability during transportation. The vertical lifting rod 2-2 and the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 are hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders, with their power source connected to the fluid output interface of the filling forklift 1. They achieve linear telescopic movement by relying on fluid pressure. The filling material box 3 is internally divided into two independent cavities by a physical partition, storing the two components of the two-component chemical slurry or a pre-mixed single-component paste. The independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 is made of waterproof flexible fabric, with its upper sides physically suspended below the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4. When the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 extends outward in a straight line, it stretches the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 laterally to unfold it. The reinforcing ribs 2-6 are multiple metal rods welded to the bottom surface of the supporting beam 2-3, extending toward the internal space of the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5.

[0029] One end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 is fixedly connected to the wire rope fixing device 2-7, and the other end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 is connected to the automatic rope release device on the filling forklift 1; one end of the two mold bag suspension wire ropes 6 passes through two wire rope guide rings 2-8 respectively and is fixedly connected to the filling forklift 1; the filling material box 3 is connected to the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 through the filling hose 2-9.

[0030] Specifically, the automatic rope release device is an electric or hydraulic winch installed on the body of the filling forklift 1. The wire rope fixing device 2-7 is a metal shackle. The end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 is physically sleeved on the wire rope fixing device 2-7 by crimping. The wire rope guide ring 2-8 is a rigid ring with a central circular hole, which physically changes the force and extension direction of the mold bag suspension wire rope 6. The filling hose 2-9 is a flexible pressure-resistant pipeline. Its input end is connected to the discharge port of the filling pump, and its output end hangs into the upper opening of the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 to establish a fluid transport channel.

[0031] A lifting ring 9 is slidably installed on the suspension wire rope 5 of the filling pipeline, and the filling pipeline 8 is suspended on the suspension wire rope 5 of the filling pipeline through the lifting ring 9.

[0032] Specifically, the lifting ring 9 is a metal ring or a hook with an opening. The upper hole of the lifting ring 9 is fitted onto the outer circumference of the steel wire rope 5 suspending the filling pipeline. Under the application of external force, it can slide relative to the steel wire rope along its axial direction. The filling pipeline 8 is composed of multiple sections of rigid pipe spliced ​​together, and the lower end of the lifting ring 9 is fixed to the outer wall of the filling pipeline 8. The sliding suspension physical structure avoids the pipeline from directly contacting the ground, solving the problem of excessive friction and easy deviation of the pipeline when advancing on a rough rock base.

[0033] A partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 is connected to the mold bag suspension steel wire rope 6. The partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 is a flexible filling device with several partition layers inside. After unfolding in the mining chamber 4, it forms a bag-shaped structure with closed sides and bottom plate and open top plate. The partition layers divide the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 into several independent filling spaces 11-1. The spacing between the partition layers is the same as the filling step distance. The two sides of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 are connected to the mold bag suspension steel wire rope 6 by fixing devices 10 without relative movement. The spacing of the fixing devices 10 on the mold bag suspension steel wire rope 6 does not exceed one filling step distance.

[0034] Specifically, the cross-sectional profile of the partitioned flexible filling molded bag 11 after unfolding is consistent with the cross-sectional dimensions of the mining chamber 4. The partition layer is an internal flexible baffle that is sewn or heat-fused to the outer bag body. The height of the partition layer is lower than the maximum height of the outer bag body, so that each independent filling space 11-1 is connected at the top but physically isolated in the middle and lower parts. The fixing device 10 is a U-bolt fastener or clamp, which locks the side of the partitioned flexible filling molded bag 11 to the molded bag suspension steel wire rope 6. The design with an interval not exceeding one filling step distance limits the axial displacement of the bag body when subjected to the gravity compression of the filling material.

[0035] The width of the horizontal telescopic boom 2-4 after retraction is greater than the width of the filling forklift 1 and the filling material box 3; the width of the horizontal telescopic boom 2-4 after it is fully extended is greater than the width of the mining chamber 4; the height of the vertical lifting boom 2-2 after it is fully raised is greater than the height of the mining chamber 4.

[0036] Specifically, when the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 is in its minimum retracted state of mechanical stroke, the physical distance between its two ends is greater than the maximum lateral physical width of the filling forklift 1 and the filling material box 3, so as to retain the operating clearance of the drag wire rope inside the mining chamber; when the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 is in its maximum extended stroke and the vertical lifting rod 2-2 is in its maximum lifting stroke, its upper limit of geometric stroke is greater than the actual width and height of the mining chamber 4 section, so as to ensure that the end of the rod must make physical contact with the top plate or side rock surface of the mining chamber 4 and generate contact stress, thereby realizing mechanical support positioning.

[0037] The present invention also provides a flexible template filling method for side coal mining tunnels, including the following steps: unfolding the filling frame 2 at the far end of the mining tunnel 4, pumping filling material into the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5, so that the filling material solidifies to form the first filling body 7-1, and fixing the filling frame 2 at the far end of the mining tunnel 4. Using the filling frame 2 fixed at the far end of the mining chamber 4 as an anchor point, the filling pipeline 8 is suspended and introduced into the mining chamber 4 through the steel wire rope 5 of the filling pipeline suspension. The partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 is introduced into the mining chamber 4 and unfolded by the steel wire rope 6 suspended by the mold bag; The filling pipeline 8 is used to fill each independent filling space 11-1 in the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 one by one from far to near, until the entire mining chamber 4 is filled.

[0038] Specifically, firstly, by using the filling frame 2 in conjunction with the solidified filling material, the first filling body 7-1 with tensile strength is created at the end of the mining chamber 4. This filling body serves as a static anchor point to resist the outward tensile force. Subsequently, based on this, axial tensile stress is applied to the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 and the mold bag suspension wire rope 6 to suspend and tension them. Filling material is then introduced into the independent filling space 11-1 segment by segment from the inside out. Through physical isolation, the overall diffusion of the fluid material towards the mining chamber outlet direction is restricted, achieving the result of segmented solidification.

[0039] In the step of forming the first filling body 7-1: control the vertical lifting rod 2-2 to rise and abut against the top plate of the mining chamber 4, control the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 to extend and abut against the two sides of the mining chamber 4, so that the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 unfolds; after the first filling body 7-1 is formed, the reinforcing rib 2-6 is embedded inside the first filling body 7-1; then disconnect the connection of the filling hose 2-9, the filling forklift 1 retreats and releases the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 and the mold bag suspension wire rope 6 and exits the mining chamber 4; the two mold bag suspension wire ropes 6 are reversed through the wire rope guide ring 2-8 so that both ends of the two mold bag suspension wire ropes 6 are outside the mining chamber 4.

[0040] Specifically, the hydraulic system is activated by a control signal, causing the vertical lifting rod 2-2 to rise and the horizontal telescopic rod 2-4 to extend outward, stopping upon contact with the rock wall. Fluid material is continuously pumped into the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5. As the material solidifies from a liquid state to a solid state, the first filling body 7-1 is rigidly encased inside the reinforcing rib 2-6. The physical joint of the filling hose 2-9 is disassembled, and the filling forklift 1 travels in the opposite direction. At the same time, the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 on the winch is released, and the fixing points of the two mold bag suspension wire ropes 6 on the vehicle body are released. Since the mold bag suspension wire rope 6 passes through the wire rope guide ring 2-8 installed at the far end, the wire rope undergoes a 180-degree bend at the guide ring, forming a U-shaped physical topology structure with both ends located outside the mining chamber.

[0041] In the step of introducing the filling pipeline 8, the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 is tensioned outside the mining chamber 4 and kept close to the top plate of the mining chamber 4. The filling pipeline 8 is suspended on the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 through the lifting ring 9. The filling pipeline 8 is connected section by section and pushed into the mining chamber 4. In the step of introducing the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11, the end of the mold bag suspension wire rope 6 that is not connected to the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 is dragged and the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 is gradually dragged into the far end of the mining chamber 4. Two mold bag suspension wire ropes 6 are tensioned outside the mining chamber 4 respectively and fixed to the top plate of the mining chamber 4 and the two adjacent shoulder corners of the two sides.

[0042] Specifically, outside the mining chamber, a tensioning device is used to pull the outer end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 to overcome the sag caused by the weight of the wire rope itself, so that its straight section is close to the top surface of the mining chamber 4. After the workers splice two sections of filling pipeline 8 at the orifice through flanges or threads, they push it inward along the wire rope using a sliding lifting ring 9. The splicing and pushing actions are repeated. The free end of the wire rope 6 suspended by the formwork bag is pulled outward in a U-shape. The pulley effect of the guide ring generates an inward traction force, which drives the partitioned flexible filling formwork bag 11 connected to the other end into the mining chamber. After the formwork bag is in place, the two wire ropes are fixed to the anchor rods on the outer rock wall to maintain the tension.

[0043] In the step of filling each independent filling space 11-1 one by one: one end of the filling pipe 8 in the mining chamber 4 is inserted into the farthest independent filling space 11-1 of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 for filling; after the farthest independent filling space 11-1 is filled to form the subsequent filling body 7-2 and before the filling material solidifies, the filling pipe 8 is withdrawn by one filling step distance, and the next independent filling space 11-1 is filled.

[0044] Specifically, the filling equipment is started, and the filling material is discharged into the farthest independent filling space 11-1 through the filling pipeline 8. The space is judged to be completely filled by calculating the pumping volume or observing the overflow phenomenon. Before the filling material undergoes the initial solidification reaction, an outward axial pulling force is applied to the filling pipeline 8 from the outside, so that the whole pipeline slides back along the lifting ring by a physical distance equal to the filling step distance, so that the pipeline outlet moves to the top of the next adjacent independent filling space 11-1, and the next filling cycle begins.

[0045] The filling material in the filling material box 3 is a two-component chemical slurry; throughout the filling operation, the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 and the mold bag suspension wire rope 6 are both in a taut state.

[0046] Specifically, the filling material uses a two-component chemical slurry. The chemical curing reaction time after the two components are mixed is shorter than that of conventional single-component pastes, which reduces the time threshold for waiting for the first filling body 7-1 to reach the designed tensile strength. The entire process is under tension, which means that the axial tensile stress on the wire rope is continuously greater than the gravitational component added by the pipeline and the mold bag system. This stress keeps the filling pipeline 8 and the bottom plate of the mining chamber 4 at a vertical distance, while the bag wall of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag 11 is stretched outward and the top opening is tightly attached to the surface of the top plate.

[0047] Working principle: In the first stage of filling body formation, the filling forklift 1 pushes the filling frame 2, which is lifted at the front end, into the far end of the interior of the mining chamber 4. The bottom of the filling frame 2 is provided with a rigid base 2-1 that provides the center of gravity. The vertical lifting rod 2-2 is controlled to extend upward and abut against the top plate of the mining chamber 4, and the horizontal telescopic rods 2-4 at both ends of the support beam 2-3 are controlled to extend outward and abut against the two sides of the mining chamber 4, so that the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 suspended below unfolds to the same height as the interior of the mining chamber 4.

[0048] The filling pump on the filling forklift 1 pumps the two-component chemical slurry from the filling material tank 3, which is divided into two independent tanks, into the independent flexible filling mold bag 2-5 through the filling hose 2-9; when the filling material solidifies to form the first filling body 7-1, the reinforcing rib 2-6 on the bottom surface of the supporting beam 2-3 is embedded in the first filling body 7-1, so that the filling frame 2 is fixed at the far end of the mining tunnel 4, forming a physical anchor point that bears the tensile force.

[0049] During the wire rope deployment phase, the physical connection of the filling hose 2-9 is disconnected, and the filling forklift 1 retreats out of the mining chamber 4. During this retreat, the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5, fixed to the wire rope fixing device 2-7, and the two mold bag suspension wire ropes 6, passing through the wire rope guide rings 2-8 on both sides, are simultaneously released, ensuring that the remaining ends of each wire rope are outside the mining chamber 4. During the pipeline and mold bag suspension phase, the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 is stretched outwards from outside the mining chamber 4 to maintain tension and close to the top plate of the mining chamber 4. The filling pipeline 8 is then passed through the slidingly installed lifting ring 9, suspended on the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5, and pushed into the mining chamber 4 section by section.

[0050] Meanwhile, the flexible filling mold bag 11 is dragged into the mining chamber 4 by the external dragging of the mold bag suspension steel wire rope 6. The two mold bag suspension steel wire ropes 6 are fixed to the shoulder angle positions of the top plate and the two sides respectively and tension is applied to tighten them. The flexible filling mold bag 11 is connected to the mold bag suspension steel wire rope 6 by the fixing device 10 and cannot move relative to each other. Under the action of tension, it unfolds and forms multiple independent filling spaces 11-1 divided by the internal partition layer.

[0051] During the segmented filling stage, the end of the filling pipeline 8 extends into the furthest independent filling space 11-1 to pump filling material. Before the filling material solidifies and the independent filling space 11-1 is filled to form the subsequent filling body 7-2, the filling pipeline 8 is retracted one filling step distance to the outside, and the next adjacent independent filling space 11-1 is filled. Throughout the entire filling process, the filling pipeline suspension wire rope 5 and the formwork bag suspension wire rope 6 are kept taut until all independent filling spaces 11-1 are filled from far to near. Through the combination of the above physical structures and the sequential execution of the steps, the suspension and positioning of the filling pipeline 8 are completed without allowing personnel to enter the mining chamber 4. The spatial segmentation structure of the partitioned flexible filling formwork bag 11 restricts the overall flow of filling material throughout the area, ensuring that each segmented subsequent filling body 7-2 has a uniform volume and conforms to the top plate of the mining chamber 4.

Claims

1. A flexible template filling device for side coal mining tunnels, characterized in that, The system includes a filling forklift (1), which has a filling frame (2) supported at the front end and a filling material box (3) consisting of two independent boxes fixedly connected at the rear end. The bottom of the filling frame (2) is a rigid base (2-1) with a certain weight. A vertical lifting rod (2-2) with adjustable height is installed on the side of the filling frame (2) near the filling forklift (1). A support beam (2-3) parallel to the direction of travel of the filling forklift (1) and with reinforcing ribs (2-6) installed on the bottom surface is installed on the top of the vertical lifting rod (2-2). A horizontal telescopic rod (2-4) is installed on both sides of the support beam (2-3). A wire rope guide ring (2-8) is installed on both ends of the horizontal telescopic rod (2-4) near the filling forklift (1). A wire rope fixing device (2-7) is installed at one end of the supporting beam (2-3) near the filling forklift (1). An independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5) with an open top and closed bottom is suspended under the horizontal telescopic rod (2-4). The width of the independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5) is adjusted with the extension and retraction of the horizontal telescopic rod (2-4), and its height after unfolding is the same as the height of the mining chamber (4) to be filled. A filling pump is installed on the filling forklift (1). The filling pump pumps the filling material in the filling material box (3) with a volume greater than that of the independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5) after it is fully unfolded into the independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5).

2. The flexible template filling equipment for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) is fixedly connected to the wire rope fixing device (2-7), and the other end of the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) is connected to the automatic rope release device on the filling forklift (1). One end of each of the two steel wire ropes (6) suspending the plastic bags passes through two steel wire rope guide rings (2-8) and is fixedly connected to the filling forklift (1); The filling material box (3) is connected to the independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5) via the filling hose (2-9).

3. The flexible template filling equipment for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, A lifting ring (9) is slidably installed on the suspension wire rope (5) of the filling pipeline, and the filling pipeline (8) is suspended on the suspension wire rope (5) of the filling pipeline through the lifting ring (9).

4. The flexible template filling equipment for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, A partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) is connected to the suspension steel wire rope (6) of the mold bag. The partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) is a flexible filling device with several partition layers inside. After being unfolded in the mining chamber (4), it forms a bag-shaped structure with the two sides and bottom plate closed and the top plate partially open. The partition layers divide the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) into several independent filling spaces (11-1). The spacing between the partition layers is the same as the filling step distance. The two sides of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) are connected to the mold bag suspension steel wire rope (6) by a fixing device (10) in a non-movable manner. The spacing of the fixing device (10) on the mold bag suspension steel wire rope (6) does not exceed one filling step length.

5. The flexible template filling equipment for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the horizontal telescopic rod (2-4) after retraction is greater than the width of the filling forklift (1) and the filling material box (3); When the horizontal telescopic rod (2-4) is fully extended, its width is greater than the width of the mining tunnel (4); When the vertical lifting rod (2-2) is fully raised, it is higher than the height of the mining tunnel (4).

6. A method for flexible template filling in side coal mining tunnels, using the flexible template filling equipment for side coal mining tunnels as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: At the far end of the mining chamber (4), the filling frame (2) is deployed, and filling material is pumped into the independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5) to solidify the filling material and form the first filling body (7-1). The filling frame (2) is fixed at the far end of the mining chamber (4). Using the filling frame (2) fixed at the far end of the mining chamber (4) as an anchor point, the filling pipeline (8) is suspended and introduced into the mining chamber (4) by the steel wire rope (5) of the filling pipeline; The partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) is introduced into the mining chamber (4) and unfolded by means of a steel wire rope (6) suspended by the mold bag; The filling pipeline (8) is used to fill each independent filling space (11-1) in the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) one by one from far to near until the entire mining chamber (4) is filled.

7. The flexible template filling method for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the step of forming the first filling body (7-1): Control the vertical lifting rod (2-2) to rise and abut against the top plate of the mining chamber (4), and control the horizontal telescopic rod (2-4) to extend and abut against the two sides of the mining chamber (4), so that the independent flexible filling mold bag (2-5) unfolds; After the first filling body (7-1) is formed, the reinforcing rib (2-6) is embedded inside the first filling body (7-1); Then disconnect the filling hose (2-9), the filling forklift (1) reverses and releases the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) and the mold bag suspension wire rope (6) and exits the mining chamber (4). Both of the two steel wire ropes (6) for suspending the molded bags are reversed through the steel wire rope guide rings (2-8) so that both ends of the two steel wire ropes (6) for suspending the molded bags are located outside the mining tunnel (4).

8. The flexible template filling method for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the step of introducing the filling pipeline (8), the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) is tensioned outside the mining chamber (4) and the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) is kept close to the top plate of the mining chamber (4). The filling pipeline (8) is suspended on the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) by the lifting ring (9). The filling pipeline (8) is connected section by section and pushed into the mining chamber (4). In the step of introducing the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11), the end of the mold bag suspension steel wire rope (6) that is not connected to the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) is dragged and the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) is gradually dragged into the far end of the mining tunnel (4). Two steel wire ropes (6) for suspending the molded bag are tensioned outside the mining chamber (4) and the two steel wire ropes (6) for suspending the molded bag are fixed at the two shoulder corners adjacent to the top plate and the two sides of the mining chamber (4).

9. The flexible template filling method for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the step of filling each of the individual filling spaces (11-1) one by one: One end of the filling pipeline (8) inside the mining chamber (4) is inserted into the independent filling space (11-1) at the farthest end of the partitioned flexible filling mold bag (11) for filling. After the farthest independent filling space (11-1) is filled to form the subsequent filling body (7-2) and before the filling material solidifies, the filling pipeline (8) is retracted by one filling step distance to fill the next independent filling space (11-1).

10. The flexible template filling method for side coal mining tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filling material in the filling material box (3) is a two-component chemical slurry; Throughout the filling operation, both the filling pipeline suspension wire rope (5) and the mold bag suspension wire rope (6) are kept taut.

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