Optical-electric composite cable for subsea cable burying machine and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a special photoelectric composite cable for a submarine cable burying machine and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of submarine cables. A technical scheme: an outer photoelectric composite unit (1) is provided with a zinc-plated high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer (2), the outer zinc-plated high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer is provided with an intermediate buffer damping isolation layer (4), the outer intermediate buffer damping isolation layer is provided with a chain alloy steel belt armor (5), the outer chain alloy steel belt armor is provided with a silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire (3), and the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire is located between the chain alloy steel belt armor and an outer protective layer. The application is adapted to the harsh working conditions of deep-sea cable burying operation, can synchronously realize high-power power transmission, high-capacity optical communication signal high-speed transmission and real-time online monitoring of the operation state of the cable itself, solves the technical problems of insufficient reliability, low intelligentization and poor cable dynamic fatigue resistance of the existing cable for the cable burying machine in the deep-sea complex environment, and fully meets the actual engineering requirements of the deep-sea cable burying operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines and its manufacturing method, belonging to the field of submarine cable technology. Background Technology

[0002] Cable burying machines are core equipment in submarine cable laying operations. During operation, key parameters such as equipment attitude, operating water depth, water jet pressure, and burial depth need to be monitored and controlled in real time through an underwater monitoring system. With the iterative development of marine communication and automation technologies, cable burying machines have achieved integrated collaborative control of the human-machine interface between the surface and underwater environments. This places higher performance requirements on the accompanying towed cables—in addition to ensuring a stable power supply, they also need to have efficient and lossless fiber optic communication capabilities to meet the real-time transmission needs of large-capacity operational data.

[0003] However, through long-term research, the applicant has discovered that the specialized cables currently used in cable-laying machine towing operations generally suffer from the following three core technical defects in actual deep-sea applications, and these defects have become common industry bottlenecks restricting the improvement of reliability in deep-sea cable-laying operations: First, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve both bending resistance and drag resistance. When cable-laying machines travel and bury cables on the seabed, the cables must withstand complex dynamic alternating loads, including axial tensile stress caused by long-length traction, torsional shear stress from path adjustments, and repeated bending stress caused by terrain undulations. Existing submarine cables mostly employ single-layer steel wire armor or steel tape armor structures, resulting in a simplistic mechanical configuration. If tensile strength is prioritized, flexibility is insufficient, and the armor layer is prone to plastic deformation or even breakage under repeated bending and torsion conditions. Conversely, if flexibility is prioritized, drag resistance and lateral pressure resistance are weak. Furthermore, a single rigid armor layer lacks an effective stress buffer medium, and the fragile internal optical fiber units are prone to micro-bending losses or even breakage under external pressure, severely affecting the transmission quality and stability of communication signals.

[0004] Secondly, the reliability of dynamic sealing under high pressure in deep-sea environments is insufficient. Existing deep-sea cables generally employ a passive radial water-blocking structure consisting of an insulation layer and a simple water-blocking layer. With increasing operating water depth and dynamic changes in burial depth, the cable must withstand alternating external water pressures ranging from several megapascals to tens of megapascals. Traditional static sealing structures struggle to match such large-gradient water pressure fluctuations, easily creating tiny water vapor penetration channels in the gaps between the armor layer and sheath, and between conductors. This leads to a sharp drop in insulation resistance and can even cause short-circuit faults. This is one of the main causes of cable failure during deep-sea cable laying operations.

[0005] Third, there is a lack of online sensing methods for cable sheath integrity. The complex geological environment of the seabed makes the cable sheath highly susceptible to damage from sharp rocks, abrasion from seabed sediment, or biting by marine life. Currently, the industry generally lacks real-time monitoring methods for sheath status, and maintenance is mostly done through "post-incident repair" or "passive troubleshooting." Often, problems are only discovered after a serious grounding or short-circuit fault has occurred, causing the cable-laying machine to stop. This not only leads to a surge in offshore maintenance costs but can also, in severe cases, cause secondary major accidents such as cable breakage, water ingress, and equipment burnout, resulting in incalculable economic losses.

[0006] Therefore, in order to address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, it is urgent to develop a special optoelectronic composite cable for use in submarine cable-laying towing systems, so as to comprehensively improve the structural reliability, environmental durability and operational status of the cable in the dynamic deep-sea operating environment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention proposes a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines and its manufacturing method, which is suitable for the harsh working conditions of deep-sea cable laying operations. It can simultaneously realize high-power power transmission, high-speed transmission of high-capacity optical communication signals, and real-time online monitoring of the cable's own operating status. It solves the technical problems of existing cables for cable laying machines in the complex environment of deep sea, such as insufficient reliability, low level of intelligence, poor resistance to dynamic fatigue, unreliable high-pressure sealing, and lack of monitoring for damage. It fully meets the actual engineering needs of deep-sea cable laying operations.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is: A method for manufacturing a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines includes the following steps: From the inside out, a photoelectric composite unit, a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer, an intermediate buffer damping isolation layer, an interlocking alloy steel tape armor, and an outer sheath are coaxially arranged. The photoelectric composite unit is at the center, surrounded by a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer. Outside the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer is an intermediate buffer damping isolation layer. Outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer is an interlocking alloy steel tape armor. Outside the interlocking alloy steel tape armor is a silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire, located between the interlocking alloy steel tape armor and the outer sheath.

[0009] The optoelectronic composite unit comprises a communication optical signal unit, a power transmission unit, and an inner sheath arranged coaxially from the inside out. The communication optical signal unit consists of a communication signal unit, an optical cable unit, and a helical spring-type flexible core rod. The communication signal unit includes a communication signal unit conductor, which is made of tinned copper wire stranded together. An insulated core is formed by insulating the communication signal unit conductor. Two insulated cores and two sets of elastic buffer devices are cabled together. The elastic buffer device is composed of an elastic buffer plate and an elastic buffer column, and is filled with water-blocking paste. After cable formation, the communication signal unit is wrapped with hot-melt Mylar tape. A layer of tinned copper wire braided shielding is set on the hot-melt Mylar tape. A protective layer of the communication signal unit is extruded on the outside of the tinned copper wire braided shielding layer.

[0010] The optical cable unit is composed of a single-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber protective layer, a buffer plate, a buffer post, a protective layer, and filler material. The single-mode optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber, and a protective layer is placed outside the single-mode optical fiber to form the optical fiber. Three sets of buffer plates and buffer posts are placed outside the optical fiber. The three sets of buffer plates surround the three optical fibers in the center, and buffer posts are placed outside the three sets of buffer plates. The entire unit is filled with filler material. The three sets of buffer plates and buffer posts are wrapped with a cable wrapping layer, and a protective layer is placed outside the cable wrapping layer in conjunction with the filler material.

[0011] The helical spring-type flexible core rod is placed at the center of the cable. Four sets of communication signal units and two sets of optical cable units are set outside the helical spring-type flexible core rod. During cable formation, communication optical signal unit filling material is filled in and polyethylene tape is wrapped around it. Hot melt Mylar tape is wrapped around the polyethylene tape. A total shielding layer for communication optical signal units is set outside the hot melt Mylar tape. An outer sheath for communication optical signal units is set outside the total shielding layer for communication optical signal units.

[0012] The communication optical signal unit has a power transmission unit installed outside its outer sheath. The power transmission unit consists of a power transmission unit conductor and power transmission unit insulation. The power transmission unit conductor is made of tin-plated copper wire twisted together, and power transmission unit insulation is extruded over the conductor. An inner sheath is installed outside the power transmission unit. Outside the inner sheath is a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer. Outside the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer is an intermediate buffer damping isolation layer. Outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer is an interlocking alloy steel strip armor. Outside the interlocking alloy steel strip armor are two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires arranged symmetrically at 180°. The ends of the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are respectively led out to connect to external detection circuits, forming a complete monitoring circuit. An outer sheath is installed outside the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires, with wear-resistant stripes on the outer sheath. The outer sheath is formed in one step using a sheath extrusion die.

[0013] A special optical-electric composite cable for submarine cable laying machines is arranged coaxially from the inside out as follows: a helical spring-type flexible core rod, an inner sheath layer, a double-layer gradient armor layer, a leakage detection layer, and an outer sheath layer. A deep-sea high-pressure adaptive sealing insulation structure is also provided at the cable end to achieve integrated performance of core load-bearing, power optical communication transmission, graded protection, and intelligent monitoring.

[0014] The helical spring-type flexible core rod is located at the geometric center of the cable, forming a helical spring-like structure. This flexible core rod, acting as an elastic skeleton within the cable, effectively absorbs, neutralizes, and disperses localized concentrated stresses generated during bending and torsion, preventing structural damage to the optoelectronic composite unit due to excessive compression or stretching. Simultaneously, the helical structure endows the cable with excellent shape memory recovery capabilities, allowing for rapid and automatic reset after dynamic load removal, significantly reducing the cumulative effect of plastic deformation and thus greatly extending the cable's fatigue life.

[0015] The communication optical signal unit, power transmission unit, and inner sheath layer are combined to form an optoelectronic composite unit; the communication optical signal unit includes at least four sets of communication signal pairs and at least one optical cable unit, with the communication signal pairs and optical cable unit tightly wrapped around the outside of the helical spring-type flexible core rod; its characteristics are as follows: ① Communication signal pair structure: Each communication signal pair consists of two insulated cores twisted together with two sets of elastomeric buffer devices; the communication signal unit conductor of the insulated core is made of multiple strands of tin-plated soft copper wire concentrically twisted; the outer layer of the communication signal unit conductor is extruded with a modified thermoplastic polyester elastomer insulation layer; ② Elastomer buffer device: It is composed of an arc-shaped elastomer buffer plate and an elastomer buffer post, assembled between the insulated core and the shielding layer, with a gap maintained between the elastomer buffer plate and the elastomer buffer post; ③ Optical cable unit structure: It contains multiple single-mode optical fibers, and the multiple single-mode optical fibers are externally covered with... A polyurethane elastomer buffer layer forms the optical fiber; multiple optical fibers are twisted together with the optical cable unit buffer plate and the optical cable unit buffer column, and an external modified polyurethane protective layer is extruded; ④ Cabling and shielding: the communication signal line pairs and the optical cable unit are cabled around the helical spring-type flexible core rod, the gaps are filled with hydrophobic water-blocking paste or water-blocking yarn, and the outside is wrapped with polyethylene tape and hot-melt Mylar tape, and a total shielding layer for the communication optical signal unit is set; adjacent communication signal line pairs adopt a reverse twisting process; ⑤ The power transmission unit is set outside the communication optical signal unit and is composed of multiple power cores twisted together.

[0016] The inner sheath layer, also known as the inner protective layer, covers the outside of the power transmission unit and is made of high-elasticity neoprene rubber or similar high-performance elastomer through extrusion.

[0017] The double-layer gradient armor layer consists of, from the inside out: an inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer, a middle buffer damping isolation layer, and an outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer, also known as a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer, a middle buffer damping isolation layer, and an interlocking alloy steel strip armor; ① Inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer: multiple galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires are used for unidirectional gap spiral armoring, with the twisting direction being left-hand; ② Middle buffer damping isolation layer: extruded from a composite modified material of high-density elastic rubber and glass fiber short filaments, which completely fills the gaps between the inner galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires in the process, and physically completely isolates the inner and outer armor layers; ③ Outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer: high-strength alloy steel strips are selected and spirally wrapped with a 50% overlap rate using an interlocking armoring process.

[0018] The leakage detection layer is located in the interface area between the double-layer gradient armor layer and the outer sheath layer, and two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are embedded in it, arranged parallel to each other along the cable axis. The two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are symmetrically embedded at 180°, and wires are led out from the ends of the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires for connecting the shipborne online resistance detection module.

[0019] The leakage detection layer mechanism is as follows: Hierarchical early warning monitoring mechanism: When the outer sheath layer is damaged and seawater (conductive medium) infiltrates into the leakage detection layer, two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are instantly connected. The external detection circuit performs the following logical judgments based on the magnitude of the resistance value (R) measured in real time: ① First-level early warning (slight damage): 10 kΩ < R ≤ 100 kΩ. It indicates that there are microcracks or pinhole damages on the surface of the outer sheath layer, and it is recommended to strengthen observation; ② Second-level alarm (moderate damage): 1 kΩ < R ≤ 10 kΩ. It indicates that the damage to the outer sheath layer has expanded and seawater has invaded the cable structure. It is recommended to reduce the speed of operation and prepare for salvage and repair; ③ Third-level emergency alarm (severe damage): R ≤ 1 kΩ; It indicates that the outer sheath layer is severely torn and a large amount of seawater has poured in. Immediately stop the machine for disposal to prevent cable core failure and equipment damage.

[0020] The outer sheath layer, also known as the outer protective layer, is the outermost protection of the cable and is extruded with a modified polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material with high wear resistance and seawater aging resistance; spiral or annular wear-resistant stripes are formed on the surface of the outer sheath layer through a mold.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Excellent dynamic mechanical properties: The first-invented "spiral spring mandrel + double-layer gradient armor" mechanical structure realizes the dynamic stress management of combining rigidity and flexibility, effectively solves the industry pain point that a single armor cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of anti-repeated bending and anti-strong dragging, and greatly extends the fatigue life of the cable under dynamic dragging conditions.

[0022] Intelligent perception and active operation and maintenance: The built-in leakage detection layer combined with the hierarchical resistance criterion realizes the millisecond-level perception and accurate diagnosis of the damage degree of the cable "skin", filling the technical gap in the online health monitoring of the cable of the cable burying machine.

[0023] High survival rate guarantee for optical fibers: Using polyurethane elastomer to directly coat optical fibers instead of traditional rigid sleeves, supplemented by a multi-layer spiral buffer structure, greatly reduces the fracture risk of optical fibers under armor extrusion and dynamic bending, ensuring the long-term stability of a large-capacity communication link.

[0024] Improvement of electrical transmission efficiency: Based on the power conductor structure of T-shaped strand tight compression stranding, it has lower AC resistance, better heat dissipation characteristics and longer anti-bending fatigue life under the same conductor cross-section. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic composite unit of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a communication optical signal unit of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optical cable unit of the optoelectronic composite unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the communication signal unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the conductor bundle forming die of the power transmission unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inner layer of the conductor bundle forming mold in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the conductor stranding mold for the power transmission unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the outer layer of the conductor bundle forming mold in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the middle layer of the conductor bundle forming mold for the power transmission unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission unit bundle forming process according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the armor shape according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the armor structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Optoelectronic composite unit; 2. Galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer; 3. Silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire; 4. Intermediate buffer damping isolation layer; 5. Interlocking alloy steel tape armor; 6. Outer sheath; 101. Communication optical signal unit; 102. Power transmission unit; 103. Inner sheath; 101-1. Optical cable unit; 101-2. Helical spring type flexible core rod; 101-3. Communication signal unit; 101-4. Polyethylene wrapping tape; 101-5. Hot melt Mylar tape; 101-6. Overall shielding layer of communication optical signal unit; 101-7. Outer sheath of communication optical signal unit; 101-8. Filling material of communication optical signal unit; 102-1. Conductor of power transmission unit; 102-2. Insulation of power transmission unit; 101-1-1. Single-mode optical fiber of optical cable unit; 101-1-2. Buffer plate of optical cable unit; 101-1-3. ; Optical cable unit protective layer 101-1-4; Optical cable unit buffer post 101-1-5; Optical cable unit filling material 101-1-6; Optical cable unit wrapping layer 101-1-7; Communication signal unit conductor 101-3-1; Elastomer buffer post 101-3-2; Elastomer buffer plate 101-3-3; Communication signal unit hot-melt Mylar tape 101-3-4; Tinned copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5; Communication signal unit protective layer 101-3-6; Water-blocking paste 101-3-7; Communication signal unit insulation 101-3-8; Power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold inner layer 7; Power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold middle layer 8; Power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold outer layer 9; Power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold 10; Power transmission unit conductor stranding mold 11; Sheath abrasion-resistant stripes 12. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] A method for manufacturing a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines includes an optoelectronic composite unit 1, a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2, an intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4, an interlocking alloy steel tape armor 5, and an outer sheath 6 arranged coaxially from the inside out. The optoelectronic composite unit 1 is at the center, and the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2 is arranged outside the optoelectronic composite unit 1. The intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4 is arranged outside the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2, the interlocking alloy steel tape armor 5 is arranged outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4, and the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire 3 is arranged outside the interlocking alloy steel tape armor 5. The silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire 3 is located between the interlocking alloy steel tape armor 5 and the outer sheath 6.

[0028] The optoelectronic composite unit 1 includes a communication optical signal unit 101, a power transmission unit 102, and an inner sheath 103 arranged coaxially from the inside out. The communication optical signal unit 101 consists of a communication signal unit 101-3, an optical cable unit 101-1, and a spiral spring-type flexible core rod 101-2. The communication signal unit 101-3 includes a communication signal unit conductor 101-3-1, which is formed by stranding tin-plated copper wire. A communication signal unit insulation 10 is provided outside the communication signal unit conductor 101-3-1. 1-3-8 constitutes the insulated wire core. Two insulated wire cores and two sets of elastic buffer devices are cabled. The elastic buffer device is composed of an elastic buffer plate 101-3-3 and an elastic buffer post 101-3-2, and is filled with water-blocking paste 101-3-7. After cable formation, the communication signal unit is wrapped with heat-fused Mylar tape 101-3-4. A tinned copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5 is set on the heat-fused Mylar tape 101-3-4 of the communication signal unit. The communication signal unit protective layer 101-3-6 is extruded on the outside of the tinned copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5.

[0029] The optical cable unit 101-1 is composed of a single-mode optical fiber 101-1-1, a single-mode optical fiber protective layer 101-1-2, a buffer plate 101-1-3, a buffer post 101-1-5, a protective layer 101-1-4, and a filler material 101-1-6. The single-mode optical fiber 101-1-1 is a single-mode optical fiber, and a single-mode optical fiber protective layer 101-1-2 is placed outside the single-mode optical fiber 101-1-1 to form an optical fiber. Three sets of buffer plates 101-1-3 and optical fiber buffers are placed outside the optical fiber. The cable unit buffer post 101-1-5; three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3 surround the three optical fibers in the center, and optical cable unit buffer posts 101-1-5 are respectively set outside the three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3. At the same time, the whole is filled with optical cable unit filling material 101-1-6. The three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3 and optical cable unit buffer posts 101-1-5 are wrapped with optical cable unit wrapping layer 101-1-7, and in conjunction with the optical cable unit filling material 101-1-6, an optical cable unit protective layer 101-1-4 is set outside the optical cable unit wrapping layer 101-1-7.

[0030] The helical spring flexible core rod 101-2 is placed at the center of the cable. Four sets of communication signal units 101-3 and two sets of optical cable units 101-1 are arranged outside the helical spring flexible core rod 101-2. During cable formation, communication optical signal unit filling material 101-8 is filled in and polyethylene wrapping tape 101-4 is wrapped around it. Hot melt Mylar tape 101-5 is wrapped around the polyethylene wrapping tape 101-4. A total shielding layer 101-6 for communication optical signal units is arranged outside the hot melt Mylar tape 101-5. An outer sheath layer 101-7 for communication optical signal units is arranged outside the total shielding layer 101-6 for communication optical signal units.

[0031] A power transmission unit 102 is disposed outside the outer sheath 101-7 of the communication optical signal unit. The power transmission unit 102 is composed of a power transmission unit conductor 102-1 and a power transmission unit insulation 102-2. The power transmission unit conductor 102-1 is made of tin-plated copper wire stranded together, and the power transmission unit insulation 102-2 is extruded over the power transmission unit conductor 102-1. An inner sheath 103 is disposed outside the power transmission unit 102, and a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2 is disposed outside the inner sheath 103. An intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4 is set outside the outer layer 2. An interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5 is set outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4. A silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire 3 is set outside the interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5. Two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires 3 are embedded in the leakage detection layer in a 180° symmetrical manner. The ends of the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are respectively led out as wires for connecting to the external detection circuit, forming a complete monitoring circuit. An outer protective layer 6 is set outside the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire 3. A sheath wear-resistant stripe 12 is set outside the outer protective layer 6. The sheath is formed in one step by a sheath extrusion mold.

[0032] A special optical-electric composite cable for submarine cable laying machines is arranged coaxially from the inside out as follows: a helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2, an inner sheath layer, a double-layer gradient armor layer, a leakage detection layer, and an outer sheath layer. A deep-sea high-pressure adaptive sealing insulation structure is also provided at the cable end to achieve integrated performance of core load-bearing, power optical communication transmission, graded protection, and intelligent monitoring.

[0033] The helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2 is located at the geometric center of the cable and has a helical spring-like structure. This flexible core rod, acting as an elastic skeleton within the cable, effectively absorbs, neutralizes, and disperses localized concentrated stress generated during bending and torsion, preventing structural damage to the optoelectronic composite unit due to excessive compression or stretching. Simultaneously, the helical structure endows the cable with excellent shape memory recovery capabilities, allowing for rapid and automatic reset after dynamic load removal, significantly reducing the cumulative effect of plastic deformation and thus greatly extending the cable's fatigue life.

[0034] The communication optical signal unit 101, the power transmission unit 102, and the inner sheath layer combine to form an optoelectronic composite unit 1; the communication optical signal unit 101 includes at least four sets of communication signal pairs and at least one optical cable unit 101-1, the communication signal pairs and optical cable unit being tightly wrapped around the outside of the helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2; its characteristics are as follows: ① Communication signal pair structure: Each communication signal pair consists of two insulated cores twisted together with two sets of elastomeric buffer devices; the communication signal unit conductor of the insulated core is made of multiple strands of tin-plated soft copper wire concentrically twisted; the outer layer of the communication signal unit conductor is extruded with a modified thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) insulation layer; ② Elastomer buffer device: It is composed of an arc-shaped elastomeric buffer plate and an elastomeric buffer post, assembled between the insulated core and the shielding layer, with a gap maintained between the elastomeric buffer plate and the elastomeric buffer post; ③ Optical cable unit 101-1 structure: It contains multiple single-mode optical fibers, and the outer layer of the multiple single-mode optical fibers... A polyurethane elastomer buffer layer is used to form an optical fiber; multiple optical fibers are twisted together with the optical cable unit buffer plate and the optical cable unit buffer column, and a modified polyurethane protective layer is extruded on the outside; ④ Cabling and shielding: the communication signal line pairs are cabled with the optical cable unit 101-1 around a helical spring-type flexible core rod, the gaps are filled with hydrophobic water-blocking paste or water-blocking yarn, and the outside is wrapped with polyethylene tape and hot-melt Mylar tape, and a total shielding layer for the communication optical signal unit is set; adjacent communication signal line pairs adopt a reverse twisting process; ⑤ The power transmission unit 102 is set outside the communication optical signal unit and is composed of multiple power cores twisted together.

[0035] The inner sheath layer, also known as the inner protective layer, covers the outside of the power transmission unit and is made of high-elasticity neoprene rubber or similar high-performance elastomer through extrusion.

[0036] The double-layer gradient armor layer consists of, from the inside out: an inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer, a middle buffer damping isolation layer, and an outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer, also known as a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2, a middle buffer damping isolation layer 4, and an interlocking alloy steel strip armor layer 5; ① Inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer: multiple galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires are used for unidirectional gap spiral armoring, with the twisting direction being left-hand; ② Middle buffer damping isolation layer: extruded from a composite modified material of high-density elastic rubber and glass fiber short filaments, which completely fills the gaps between the inner galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires in the process, and physically completely isolates the inner and outer armor layers; ③ Outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer: high-strength alloy steel strips are selected and spirally wrapped with a 50% overlap rate using an interlocking armoring process.

[0037] The leakage detection layer is located in the interface area between the double-layer gradient armor layer and the outer sheath layer, and two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are embedded in it, arranged parallel to each other along the cable axis. The two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are symmetrically embedded at 180°, and wires are led out from the ends of the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires for connecting the shipborne online resistance detection module.

[0038] The leakage detection layer mechanism is as follows: 5-level warning and monitoring mechanism: When the outer sheath layer is damaged and seawater (conductive medium) penetrates into the leakage detection layer, two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are instantly conducted. The external detection circuit performs the following logical judgments based on the magnitude of the resistance value (R) measured in real time: ① Primary warning (slight damage): 10 kΩ < R ≤ 100 kΩ. It indicates that there are microcracks or pinhole damages on the surface of the outer sheath layer, and it is recommended to strengthen observation; ② Secondary alarm (moderate damage): 1 kΩ < R ≤ 10 kΩ. It indicates that the damage to the outer sheath layer has expanded and seawater has invaded the cable structure. It is recommended to reduce the speed of operation and prepare for salvage and maintenance; ③ Tertiary emergency alarm (severe damage): R ≤ 1 kΩ; It indicates that the outer sheath layer is severely torn and a large amount of seawater has poured in. Immediately stop the machine for disposal to prevent the cable core from failing and the equipment from being damaged.

[0039] The outer sheath layer, also known as the outer protective layer, is the outermost protection of the cable and is extruded with a modified polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material with high wear resistance and seawater aging resistance; spiral or annular wear-resistant stripes are formed on the surface of the outer sheath layer through a mold.

[0040] In an embodiment, a manufacturing method of an optoelectronic composite cable dedicated for a submarine cable burying machine includes an optoelectronic composite unit 1, a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2, an intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4, an interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5, and an outer protective layer 6 coaxially arranged from the inside out in sequence; the optoelectronic composite unit 1 is at the center, the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2 is arranged outside the optoelectronic composite unit 1, the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4 is arranged outside the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2, the interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5 is arranged outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4, a silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire 3 is arranged outside the interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5, and the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire 3 is located between the interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5 and the outer protective layer 6.

[0041] The optoelectronic composite unit 1 includes a communication optical signal unit 101, a power transmission unit 102, and an inner sheath 103 arranged coaxially from the inside out. The communication optical signal unit 101 consists of a communication signal unit 101-3, an optical cable unit 101-1, and a spiral spring-type flexible core rod 101-2. The communication signal unit 101-3 includes a communication signal unit conductor 101-3-1, which is composed of 19 strands of 0.18mm tin-plated copper wires twisted together with a pitch of 9mm-11mm. Communication signal unit insulation 101-3-8 is provided outside the communication signal unit conductor 101-3-1 to form an insulated core. The communication signal unit insulation 101-3-8 is a 0.4mm layer of modified thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). Two insulated wire cores and two sets of elastomeric buffer devices are cabled together. The elastomeric buffer devices are composed of elastomeric buffer plates 101-3-3 and elastomeric buffer columns 101-3-2. The cable pitch ratio is 10-12, and water-blocking paste 101-3-7 is filled in, which can significantly improve the impact resistance of the communication signal unit. After cabling, a 0.1mm heat-fused Mylar tape 101-3-4 for the communication signal unit is wrapped around it. A tinned copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5 is set on the heat-fused Mylar tape 101-3-4. The tinned copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5 has a single wire of 0.1mm and a braiding density of ≥85%. A 0.6mm modified polyurethane sheath is extruded on the outside of the tinned copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5 to become the communication signal unit protective layer 101-3-6. The structural design of the overall communication signal unit 101-3 significantly improves its impact and compression resistance, while the tin-plated copper wire braided shielding layer 101-3-5 can greatly prevent electromagnetic interference from external high current to the communication signal unit.

[0042] Optical cable unit 101-1 is composed of single-mode optical fiber 101-1-1, single-mode optical fiber protective layer 101-1-2, buffer plate 101-1-3, buffer post 101-1-5, protective layer 101-1-4, and filler material 101-1-6. Specifically, single-mode optical fiber 101-1-1 is a single-mode optical fiber, and a single-mode optical fiber protective layer 101-1-2 is set outside single-mode optical fiber 101-1-1 to form an optical fiber; the single-mode optical fiber protective layer 101-1-2 uses a polyurethane elastomer buffer layer instead of the traditional plastic loose tube, which can better absorb external impact and compression, protecting the optical fiber from damage. Three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3 and optical cable unit buffer posts 101-1-5 are installed outside the single-mode fiber protective layer 101-1-2 of the optical cable unit. The three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3 surround the three optical fibers in the center, and optical cable unit buffer posts 101-1-5 are respectively installed outside the three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3. At the same time, the whole is filled with optical cable unit filling material 101-1-6, and the optical cable unit filling material is 101- 1-6 are water-blocking paste. The three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates 101-1-3 and optical cable unit buffer posts 101-1-5 are wrapped with optical cable unit wrapping layer 101-1-7. Optical cable unit wrapping layer 101-1-7 is a 0.1mm polyethylene wrapping layer. Polyethylene wrapping has good waterproof properties, and when used with water-blocking paste, it can significantly improve water-blocking performance. A 0.6mm optical cable unit protective layer 101-1-4 is set outside the optical cable unit wrapping layer 101-1-7. Optical cable unit protective layer 101-1-4 is made of polyurethane material. Polyurethane has excellent weather resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and hydrolysis resistance.

[0043] The helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2 is placed in the center of the cable. It is made of 304 stainless steel wire. The outer diameter of the helical spring is 12mm, the pitch is 15mm, and the spring stiffness is 1000N / mm. Four sets of communication signal units 101-3 and two sets of optical cable units 101-1 are arranged outside the helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2. During cabling, the communication optical signal unit filling material 101-8 is filled in, which is a water-blocking paste, and a 0.1mm polyethylene wrapping tape 101-4 is wrapped around it. A 0.05mm hot-melt Mylar tape 101-5 is wrapped around the polyethylene wrapping tape 101-4. A total shielding layer 101-6 for the communication optical signal unit is set outside the hot-melt Mylar tape 101-5. The total shielding layer 101-6 for the communication optical signal unit is woven from tin-plated copper wire with a single wire diameter of 0.1mm and a braiding density of ≥85%. An outer sheath 101-7 for the communication optical signal unit is set outside the total shielding layer 101-6. The outer sheath is a 0.8mm polyurethane material. Ten 70mm diameter wires are set outside the outer sheath 101-7 for the communication optical signal unit.2The power transmission unit 102 consists of a power transmission unit conductor 102-1 and a power transmission unit insulation 102-2. The power transmission unit conductor 102-1 is composed of 342 strands of 0.5mm tin-plated copper wire, with a structure of 19*18 / 0.5 (19 strands), each strand containing 18 wires. The strands are first bundled and then formed. A circular nano-diamond composite coated die is used for bundling, and a T-shaped nano-diamond composite coated pressing die is used on the take-up side for pressing and forming. After the strands are completed, a stranding machine is used for stranding, preferably a frame stranding machine, which can pre-twist to prevent irregularly shaped strands from turning over. The T-shaped nano-die has an inlet angle of 15° and a single-sided angle of 7.5°. The power transmission unit insulation 102-2 is extruded over the power transmission unit conductor 102-1, and the power transmission unit insulation 102-2 is a 1.0mm thick layer of cross-linked polyethylene insulation. An inner sheath 103 is installed outside the power transmission unit 102. The inner sheath 103 is a 2.5mm thick layer of high-elasticity neoprene rubber material. The inner sheath 103 can adaptively tighten and fit with the deep sea water pressure. The higher the water pressure, the tighter the seal. At the same time, it can buffer the mechanical stress generated during the laying process, further improving the sealing reliability. A 1.0mm diameter galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2 is installed outside the inner sheath 103. It adopts a co-directional gap spiral armoring process. The armoring pitch is set to 9 times the outer diameter of the cable. The twisting direction is left-hand. The surface is coated with asphalt, which has wear-resistant and anti-corrosion functions, and provides buffering and protection against external mechanical damage. The co-directional gap spiral armoring process makes the armor layer fit tightly against the deformation of the inner sheath. It focuses on resistance to repeated bending and torsional fatigue performance, which can effectively eliminate the technical shortcomings of existing single-layer armor that are prone to bending and breakage. An intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4 is installed outside the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2. The intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4 is made of a composite material of high-density elastic rubber and glass fiber (component ratio: 80% high-density elastic rubber, 20% glass fiber), extruded to a thickness of 1.8 mm, completely filling the gaps of the inner armor layer and completely separating the inner and outer armor layers. The intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4 can absorb external impact energy and bending stress on the one hand, and avoid dry friction loss between the inner and outer armor layers on the other hand. Its core function is to disperse traction stress and seabed extrusion stress, eliminate stress concentration, and protect the integrity of the internal structure. An interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5 is installed outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer 4. The interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5 is an alloy steel strip with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a width of 19 mm. It is interlocked with a 50% overlap rate. The first armor angle is 75° and the second armor angle is 120°. This design can increase the sway of the interlocking armor and greatly improve the flexibility of the cable. The interlocking armor layer mainly resists the scratches of reefs, the erosion of mud and sand and the drag of large traction forces, significantly improving the overall structural strength of the cable and adapting to the complex underwater operating environment.Two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires 3 are installed outside the interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5. These wires are symmetrically embedded in the leakage detection layer at 180° intervals. The diameter of each wire is 1.0 mm, and the straight-line distance between them is 25 mm to 90 mm. Wires for connecting to external detection circuits are led out from the ends of the two wires, forming a complete monitoring loop. The design is simple and offers high monitoring sensitivity. An outer sheath 6 is installed outside the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires 3. This sheath 6 is a 6 mm thick polyurethane sheath with wear-resistant stripes 12, 1.5 mm high, formed in one step using a dedicated sheath extrusion mold. This effectively reduces frictional resistance with seabed rocks, improves wear resistance, and extends the cable's service life.

[0044] A special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines is arranged coaxially from the inside out as follows: a helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2, an optoelectronic composite unit 1, a power transmission unit 102, an inner sheath layer, a double-layer gradient armor layer, a leakage detection layer, and an outer sheath layer. A deep-sea high-pressure adaptive sealing insulation structure is also provided at the cable end to achieve integrated performance of core load-bearing, power and optical communication transmission, graded protection, and intelligent monitoring.

[0045] The spiral spring-type flexible mandrel 101-2 is located at the geometric center of the cable and is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant stainless steel wire, forming a spiral spring structure. Its outer diameter ranges from 8mm to 15mm, the pitch is 10mm to 20mm, and the spring stiffness coefficient is 500N / mm to 1500N / mm. The parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific water depth and tension requirements.

[0046] Mechanism of action: This flexible core rod, acting as an elastic skeleton within the cable, effectively absorbs, neutralizes, and disperses localized concentrated stress generated during bending and torsion, preventing structural damage to the optoelectronic composite unit due to excessive compression or stretching. Simultaneously, the helical structure endows the cable with excellent shape memory recovery capabilities, allowing for rapid and automatic reset after dynamic load removal, significantly reducing the cumulative effect of plastic deformation and thus greatly extending the cable's fatigue life.

[0047] The optoelectronic composite unit 1 is tightly wrapped around the outside of the helical spring-type flexible core rod 101-2, and is composed of a communication optical signal unit 101 and a power transmission unit 102.

[0048] The communication optical signal unit 101 includes at least four sets of communication signal pairs and at least one optical cable unit 101-1; its design features are as follows: Communication signal wire pair structure: Each communication signal wire pair consists of two insulated cores twisted together with an elastomer buffer device; the conductors of the insulated cores are made of multi-strand tinned soft copper wire concentrically twisted (e.g., 19 / 0.18mm), with a twist pitch controlled between 9mm and 11mm; the outer layer of the conductor is extruded with a modified thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) insulation layer, with a thickness of 0.4mm. This TPEE material has extremely low water absorption, excellent hydrolysis resistance, and high and low temperature impact resistance, ensuring the dielectric stability of electrical signal transmission in deep-sea environments. Elastomer buffer device: Composed of an arc-shaped buffer plate and a supporting buffer column, it is assembled between the insulated wire core and the shielding layer, with a gap maintained between the buffer column and the buffer plate. This structure utilizes the high resilience and low dielectric constant characteristics of elastomeric materials to significantly improve the unit's resistance to lateral pressure and impact, and by introducing an air gap to reduce the equivalent dielectric constant, it effectively solves the capacitance imbalance problem of signal pairs and improves the quality of high-frequency signal transmission.

[0049] The optical cable unit 101-1 structure consists of multiple single-mode optical fibers. Each fiber abandons the traditional rigid PBT loose tube and is instead covered with a polyurethane elastomer buffer layer to directly absorb external compressive stress. Multiple optical fibers and the elastomer buffer device are twisted together, and a modified polyurethane protective layer is extruded on the outside, which greatly enhances the survival rate of the optical fiber unit under repeated stress conditions.

[0050] Cabling and Shielding: The communication signal pairs and optical cable unit 101-1 are cabled around the core rod, with the gaps filled with hydrophobic water-blocking paste or water-blocking yarn. The outside is wrapped with polyester tape and hot-melt Mylar tape, and a tinned copper wire braided overall shielding layer is installed. Adjacent communication signal pairs are twisted in reverse to effectively cancel electromagnetic coupling and improve anti-interference capabilities.

[0051] See attached document Figure 7-12 The power transmission unit 102 is located outside the communication optical signal unit and is composed of multiple stranded power wire cores. Its conductor adopts an optimized structure based on a T-shaped strand compaction process: first, multiple tin-plated soft copper wires are bundled together using a circular nano-mold and simultaneously pressed using a T-shaped mold to form T-shaped cross-section strands; then, multiple T-shaped strands are reverse-stranded to form a circular compacted conductor. This structure greatly reduces the internal gaps and AC resistance of the conductor, provides a uniform surface electric field, and also possesses excellent flexibility and fatigue resistance. A modified TPEE insulation layer is extruded onto the outside of the conductor.

[0052] The molds required to manufacture the power transmission unit 102 are as follows: inner layer 7 of the power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold; middle layer 8 of the power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold; outer layer 9 of the power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold; 10 of the power transmission unit conductor bundle forming mold; and 11 of the power transmission unit conductor stranding mold.

[0053] See attached document Figure 13, 14 The inner sheath layer, covering the outside of the power transmission unit, is extruded from high-elasticity neoprene rubber or similar high-performance elastomers, with a thickness of 2mm-4mm. This inner sheath layer not only serves as a buffer layer to isolate the internal core from the external armor, but also possesses deep-sea pressure adaptive characteristics—when the external water pressure increases, the material itself undergoes micro-elastic deformation, making the interface fit increasingly tighter, achieving a dynamic sealing auxiliary effect that tightens under pressure.

[0054] The double-layer gradient armor layer consists of, from the inside out: an inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer, a middle buffer damping isolation layer, and an outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer, also known as a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer 2, a middle buffer damping isolation layer 4, and an interlocking alloy steel strip armor 5; this three-layer structure works together to achieve a mechanical protection mechanism of inner flexibility and outer rigidity, gradient force application, and coordinated force dissipation.

[0055] Inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer: Utilizing multiple galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires with diameters ranging from φ0.8mm to 1.2mm, these wires are spirally armored with unidirectional gaps at a specific long pitch (approximately 8-10 times the cable's outer diameter), with the stranding direction to the left. This layer primarily resists repeated bending and torsional fatigue deformation. The micro-gap between the steel wires, combined with the surface anti-corrosion coating, gives it excellent adaptability to deformation, preventing stress fracture under large-angle bending conditions characteristic of traditional single-layer armor.

[0056] Intermediate buffer damping isolation layer: extruded from a composite modified material of high-density elastic rubber and glass fiber short filaments, with a thickness of 1.5mm-2.0mm. This layer completely fills the gaps between the inner steel wires during manufacturing, and physically isolates the inner and outer armor layers completely. Its functions are: firstly, to absorb and dissipate externally transmitted impact kinetic energy and bending shear stress through viscoelastic deformation; and secondly, to eliminate dry friction and fretting wear between the inner and outer metal layers, thus playing a role in noise reduction, vibration damping, and stress homogenization.

[0057] Outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer: Utilizing high-strength alloy steel strips of specific specifications, this layer employs an interlocking armoring process with a 50% overlap spiral wrapping. The armor forms specific staggered angles (e.g., alternating between 75° and 120°). This layer is highly rigid and has a high surface hardness, primarily providing a protective barrier against reef impacts and silt erosion, and offering drag-pull resistance exceeding 5000N.

[0058] Technical effect: Through the gradient design of compliant torsion layer + viscoelastic damping layer + hard wear-resistant layer, the contradiction of traditional cables being too rigid but not flexible or too flexible but not protective is completely overcome, and the failure rate during deep-sea laying and recycling is significantly reduced.

[0059] The leakage detection layer is located in the interface area between the double-layer gradient armor layer and the outer sheath layer, and is embedded with two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires arranged parallel to each other along the cable axis.

[0060] Structural features: Two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires, with a diameter of 0.5mm-1.2mm, are symmetrically embedded at 180°. The straight-line insulation distance between the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires is 25mm-60mm. Lead wires extend from their ends for connecting to the shipborne online resistance detection module.

[0061] Tiered early warning and monitoring mechanism: When the outer sheath is damaged, seawater (conductive medium) seeps into the leakage detection layer, instantly activating the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires. The external detection circuit, based on the real-time measured change in resistance (R), performs the following logical judgment: Level 1 Warning (Minor Damage): 10kΩ < R ≤ 100kΩ. This indicates the presence of microcracks or pinholes on the surface of the outer sheath; close monitoring is recommended.

[0062] Level 2 Alarm (Moderate Damage): 1kΩ < R ≤ 10kΩ. This indicates that the damage to the outer sheath has spread and seawater has infiltrated the cable structure. It is recommended to reduce operating speed and prepare for salvage and repair.

[0063] Level 3 Emergency Alarm (Severe Damage): R ≤ 1kΩ. This indicates a severe tear in the outer sheath, with a large influx of seawater. Immediate shutdown is required to prevent cable core failure and equipment damage.

[0064] Technical benefits: For the first time, online, quantitative, and graded monitoring of the integrity of the external physical protection layer in the cable of the buried cable machine has been realized, upgrading the traditional "post-event passive maintenance" to "pre-event proactive early warning", which greatly improves the safety redundancy of deep-sea operations.

[0065] The outer sheath is the outermost layer of protection for the cable. It is made of modified polyether thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material with high wear resistance and seawater aging resistance, and the nominal thickness is 5mm-10mm. The surface of the outer sheath is formed with spiral or annular wear-resistant stripes (about 1mm high) by a special mold, which aims to reduce the contact area and friction coefficient with the seabed bedrock and further improve the towing wear resistance life.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines, characterized in that: During manufacturing, the photoelectric composite unit (1), galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer (2), intermediate buffer damping isolation layer (4), interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5) and outer protective layer (6) are arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside. The center is the photoelectric composite unit (1). The photoelectric composite unit (1) is surrounded by the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer (2). The intermediate buffer damping isolation layer (4) is surrounded by the galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer (2). The interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5) is surrounded by the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer (4). The silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire (3) is surrounded by the interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5). The silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire (3) is located between the interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5) and the outer protective layer (6).

2. The manufacturing method of a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optoelectronic composite unit (1) includes a communication optical signal unit (101), a power transmission unit (102), and an inner sheath (103) arranged coaxially from the inside out. The communication optical signal unit (101) consists of a communication signal unit (101-3), an optical cable unit (101-1), and a spiral spring-type flexible core rod (101-2). The communication signal unit (101-3) includes a communication signal unit conductor (101-3-1), which is made of tin-plated copper wire stranded together. A communication signal unit insulation is provided outside the communication signal unit conductor (101-3-1). The insulated core is formed by two insulated cores and two sets of elastic buffer devices. The elastic buffer device is composed of an elastic buffer plate (101-3-3) and an elastic buffer post (101-3-2), and is filled with water-blocking paste (101-3-7). After cabling, the communication signal unit is wrapped with hot-melt Mylar tape (101-3-4). A tinned copper wire braided shielding layer (101-3-5) is set on the hot-melt Mylar tape (101-3-4). The communication signal unit protective layer (101-3-6) is extruded on the tinned copper wire braided shielding layer (101-3-5).

3. The manufacturing method of a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The optical cable unit (101-1) is composed of a single-mode optical fiber (101-1-1), a single-mode optical fiber protective layer (101-1-2), a buffer plate (101-1-3), a buffer post (101-1-5), a protective layer (101-1-4), and filling material (101-1-6). The single-mode optical fiber (101-1-1) is a single-mode optical fiber, and a single-mode optical fiber protective layer (101-1-2) is set outside the single-mode optical fiber (101-1-1) to form an optical fiber. Three sets of buffer plates (101-1-3) and optical fiber are set outside the optical fiber. Cable unit buffer post (101-1-5); three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates (101-1-3) surround the three optical fibers in the center, and optical cable unit buffer posts (101-1-5) are respectively set outside the three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates (101-1-3), while the whole is filled with optical cable unit filling material (101-1-6). The three sets of optical cable unit buffer plates (101-1-3) and optical cable unit buffer posts (101-1-5) are wrapped with optical cable unit wrapping layer (101-1-7), and in conjunction with optical cable unit filling material (101-1-6), an optical cable unit protective layer (101-1-4) is set outside the optical cable unit wrapping layer (101-1-7).

4. The manufacturing method of a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral spring-type flexible core rod (101-2) is placed at the center of the cable. Four sets of communication signal units (101-3) and two sets of optical cable units (101-1) are set outside the spiral spring-type flexible core rod (101-2). During cable formation, communication optical signal unit filling material (101-8) is filled in and wrapped with polyethylene tape (101-4). Hot melt Mylar tape (101-5) is wrapped around the polyethylene tape (101-4). A total shielding layer (101-6) for communication optical signal units is set outside the hot melt Mylar tape (101-5). An outer sheath layer (101-7) for communication optical signal units is set outside the total shielding layer (101-6) for communication optical signal units.

5. The manufacturing method of a special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 2, characterized in that: A power transmission unit (102) is provided outside the outer sheath (101-7) of the communication optical signal unit. The power transmission unit (102) is composed of a power transmission unit conductor (102-1) and a power transmission unit insulation (102-2). The power transmission unit conductor (102-1) is made of tin-plated copper wire stranded together, and the power transmission unit insulation (102-2) is extruded outside the power transmission unit conductor (102-1). An inner sheath (103) is provided outside the power transmission unit (102), and a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer (2) is provided outside the inner sheath (103). An intermediate buffer damping isolation layer (4) is set outside the fine steel wire armor layer (2). An interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5) is set outside the intermediate buffer damping isolation layer (4). A silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire (3) is set outside the interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5). Two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires (3) are arranged symmetrically at 180°. The ends of the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are respectively led out to connect to the external detection circuit, forming a complete monitoring circuit. An outer protective layer (6) is set outside the silver-plated conductive leakage detection wire (3). A sheath wear-resistant stripe (12) is set outside the outer protective layer (6). The sheath is formed in one step by the sheath extrusion mold.

6. A special optical-electric composite cable for submarine cable laying machines, characterized in that: The cable is arranged coaxially from the inside out as follows: a helical spring-type flexible core rod (101-2), an inner sheath layer, a double-layer gradient armor layer, a leakage detection layer, and an outer sheath layer. A deep-sea high-voltage adaptive sealing insulation structure is also provided at the cable end to achieve integrated performance of core load-bearing, power optical communication transmission, graded protection, and intelligent monitoring.

7. The special optical-electric composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The helical spring-type flexible core rod (101-2) is located at the geometric center of the cable and has a helical spring-like structure.

8. The special optical-electric composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication optical signal unit (101), the power transmission unit (102), and the inner sheath layer are combined to form an optoelectronic composite unit (1); the communication optical signal unit (101) includes at least four sets of communication signal line pairs and at least one optical cable unit (101-1), and the communication signal line pairs and optical cable units are tightly wrapped around the outside of the helical spring type flexible core rod (101-2); Its characteristics are as follows: ① Communication signal pair structure: Each communication signal pair consists of two insulated wire cores twisted together with two sets of elastomeric buffer devices; the communication signal unit conductor of the insulated wire core is made of multiple strands of tin-plated soft copper wire twisted concentrically; the outer layer of the communication signal unit conductor is extruded with a modified thermoplastic polyester elastomer insulation layer; ② Elastomer buffer device: It is composed of an arc-shaped elastomer buffer plate and an elastomer buffer post, assembled between the insulated wire core and the shielding layer, and a gap is maintained between the elastomer buffer plate and the elastomer buffer post; ③ Optical cable unit (101-1) structure: It contains multiple single-mode optical fibers, and the multiple single-mode optical fibers are covered with a layer of... A polyurethane elastomer buffer layer forms an optical fiber; multiple optical fibers are twisted together with the optical cable unit buffer plate and the optical cable unit buffer column, and a modified polyurethane protective layer is extruded on the outside; ④ Cable formation and shielding: the communication signal line pairs and the optical cable unit (101-1) are cabled around a helical spring-type flexible core rod, the gaps are filled with hydrophobic water-blocking paste or water-blocking yarn, and the outside is wrapped with polyethylene tape and hot melt Mylar tape, and a total shielding layer for the communication optical signal unit is set; adjacent communication signal line pairs adopt a reverse twisting process; ⑤ The power transmission unit (102) is set outside the communication optical signal unit and is composed of multiple power core strands twisted together.

9. A special optical-electric composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The double-layer gradient armor layer consists of the following layers from the inside out: an inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer, a middle buffer damping isolation layer, and an outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer, also known as a galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wire armor layer (2), a middle buffer damping isolation layer (4), and an interlocking alloy steel strip armor (5); ① Inner flexible anti-torsion armor layer: multiple galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires are used for unidirectional gap spiral armoring, with the twisting direction being left-hand; ② Middle buffer damping isolation layer: extruded from a composite modified material of high-density elastic rubber and glass fiber short filaments, which completely fills the gap between the inner galvanized high-carbon passivated fine steel wires in terms of process, and physically completely isolates the inner and outer armor layers; ③ Outer wear-resistant and drag-resistant armor layer: high-strength alloy steel strips are selected and spirally wrapped with a 50% overlap rate using an interlocking armoring process.

10. A special optoelectronic composite cable for submarine cable laying machines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The leakage detection layer is located in the interface area between the double-layer gradient armor layer and the outer sheath layer, and two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are embedded in it, arranged parallel to each other along the cable axis. The two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires are symmetrically embedded at 180°, and wires are led out from the ends of the two silver-plated conductive leakage detection wires for connecting the shipborne online resistance detection module.

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