Efficient waste heat recycling type dry-type transformer for power distribution room

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to an efficient waste heat recycling type dry-type transformer for a power distribution room, which comprises a transformer, a waste heat utilization structure is arranged on one side of the transformer, the waste heat utilization structure comprises a water storage tank located on one side of the transformer, the water storage tank serves as a supporting component and a hollow box is fixed to the top of the water storage tank, a water pump is installed at the bottom of the water storage tank, when hot gas passes through the contraction section of the conical hopper, the airflow speed is increased, the condensing piece is convenient for cooling a first heat extraction pipe, the gas flow rate is increased to make the gas quickly move to the position where the condensing piece is located, the time of phase change condensation is shortened, the hot gas discharged from the narrow end of the conical hopper flows along the surface of the flow guide block to the inner wall of the first heat extraction pipe, the efficiency of phase change condensation is increased, the liquid water generated by phase change condensation flows to the inside of the hollow box, the water is discharged to the inside of the water storage tank through the inclined water discharge chute, the waste heat of the transformer is used to extract condensed water, and the waste heat is recycled and utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transformer technology, and in particular to a dry-type transformer for efficient waste heat recovery in power distribution rooms. Background Technology

[0002] Fires in dry-type transformers in power distribution rooms have become an increasingly concerning risk in recent years. Although dry-type transformers do not contain flammable insulating oil, greatly reducing the risk of "pool fires," their internal coil windings and insulating materials (such as epoxy resin, fiberglass, and polyimide film) can still become ignition sources under certain extreme operating conditions. When a dry-type transformer experiences localized overheating of the windings due to prolonged overload operation, aging and cracking of the insulating materials causing inter-turn or inter-layer short circuits, insulation breakdown due to external overvoltage (such as lightning strikes or switch operation overvoltages), or partial discharge due to manufacturing defects, these factors can cause the transformer's internal temperature to rise sharply, exceeding the heat resistance limit of the insulating materials. Once the ignition point is reached, these organic insulating materials will decompose, carbonize, or even burn, releasing smoke and toxic gases. Although the fire spreads more slowly in dry-type transformers than in oil-immersed transformers, the heat and smoke generated by their combustion can still quickly ignite other adjacent cables, switch cabinets, plastic pipes, or building decoration materials in the distribution room, leading to the overall combustion of the entire distribution room, causing serious equipment damage and safety threats. Existing dry-type transformers lack an integrated "cooling-waste heat recovery and utilization-fire extinguishing" mechanism, resulting in the waste of heat energy generated by the transformer and the inability to actively extinguish fires on the transformer. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by proposing a high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-efficiency waste heat recovery type dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms, comprising: a transformer, a waste heat utilization structure provided on one side of the transformer, the waste heat utilization structure including a water storage tank located on one side of the transformer, the water storage tank serving as a supporting component with a hollow box fixed to its top, a water pump installed at the bottom of the water storage tank, the end of the water pump's suction pipe located inside the water storage tank, the water pump connected to a first drain pipe, a communicating heat dissipation pipe fitted to the outside of the transformer, the first drain pipe communicating with the heat dissipation pipe, a hollow box fixed to the bottom of the hollow box, and the interior of the hollow box... Equipped with an exhaust fan, the hollow box has an inclined drainage hopper at its bottom, which extends into the interior of the water storage tank. One end of the hollow box is connected to a No. 1 heat extraction pipe, which extends into the interior of the transformer. The No. 1 heat extraction pipe is connected to a No. 2 heat extraction pipe. A conical hopper is installed inside the No. 1 heat extraction pipe and a support rod is fixed thereon. A flow interception groove is formed between the conical hopper and the No. 1 heat extraction pipe. A conical guide block is fixed to the support rod, with one end of the guide block located inside the conical hopper. A cavity is provided in the wall of the No. 1 heat extraction pipe, and a condenser plate is installed inside the cavity. Fire extinguishing structures are provided at both ends inside the hollow box.

[0005] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the No. 1 fire extinguishing structure includes a placement frame, inside which a nitrogen tank is placed, and a rotary switch is provided on the top of the nitrogen tank. An empty chamber is provided inside the placement frame. The water pump is connected to a No. 2 drain pipe, and the top end of the No. 2 drain pipe is connected to the empty chamber. An exhaust duct is fixed on one side of the placement frame, and an exhaust fan is installed inside the exhaust duct. The exhaust port of the nitrogen tank is connected to a No. 1 exhaust pipe, and the end of the No. 1 exhaust pipe is located inside the exhaust duct and in front of the exhaust fan.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the No. 1 fire extinguishing structure also includes a worm gear fixed to the top of a rotary switch. A dual-axis motor is installed inside the hollow box and rotatably connected to a worm. The first output end of the dual-axis motor is fixedly connected to the worm gear. A sliding groove is provided on the front of the hollow box, and a nozzle is slidably connected along the sliding groove. The water pump is connected to a No. 3 drain pipe, and the top end of the No. 3 drain pipe is connected to the nozzle. A first connecting rod is fixed to one end of the worm at the second output end of the dual-axis motor. A second connecting rod is rotatably connected to both sides of the nozzle. The bottom of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod. An auxiliary fire extinguishing component that is linked with the No. 1 fire extinguishing structure is provided inside the hollow box on one side of the exhaust duct.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary fire extinguishing component includes a hollow frame fixed inside a hollow box, the opening of the hollow frame is sealed by a first airbag, a second airbag is provided inside the hollow frame, a push rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow frame, and a needle is fixed to the push rod.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary fire extinguishing assembly also includes a second exhaust pipe connected to the first exhaust pipe, one end of the second exhaust pipe being connected to the second airbag, and a second fire extinguishing structure being provided in the middle of the hollow box.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second fire extinguishing structure includes a support plate fixed inside a hollow box, a rotating shaft rotatably connected inside the support plate, a square slot provided on the rotating shaft, a rotary motor installed on the back of the hollow box, a square plug fixed at the output end of the rotary motor, the square plug located inside the square slot and movable inside the square slot, and a fan blade fixed at one end of the rotating shaft.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second fire extinguishing structure also includes a hollow inclined column fixed to the inner wall of the hollow box. The inclined column is provided with an inclined groove, and a movable vertical rod is provided inside the inclined column. One end of the vertical rod is provided with a circular slot, and an electromagnet is installed inside the circular slot. A fixing rod is fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft, and a circular insert is slidably connected inside the fixing rod.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the circular slot and the circular plug cooperate with each other, and the circular plug is made of pure iron and an electromagnet.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a dustproof net is installed at the bottom of the second heat extraction tube, and the dustproof net is designed to be detachable.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor is installed on the outer wall of the transformer, and a smoke sensor is installed inside the hollow box.

[0014] The present invention proposes a high-efficiency waste heat recovery type dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms, which has the following advantages: 1. Through the waste heat utilization structure, the control system activates the exhaust fan inside the hollow box. Heat from both inside and outside the transformer is extracted through the No. 1 and No. 2 heat extraction pipes. The heat extracted by the No. 1 heat extraction pipe enters from the wide end of the conical hopper and exits from the narrow end. According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass flow rate through any cross-section per unit time must remain constant. This means that when the flow cross-sectional area decreases, the average velocity of the airflow must increase to maintain the same mass flow rate. Therefore, when the hot gas passes through the concave section of the conical hopper, the airflow velocity increases, facilitating the cooling of the No. 1 heat extraction pipe by the condenser. By increasing the gas velocity, the gas moves quickly towards the condenser, shortening the phase change condensation time. The hot gas exiting from the narrow end of the conical hopper flows along the surface of the guide block towards the inner wall of the No. 1 heat extraction pipe, increasing the efficiency of phase change condensation. The liquid water generated by phase change condensation flows into the interior of the hollow box and is then drained into a storage tank via an inclined drain hopper for collection and storage. By extracting condensate from the transformer's waste heat, the recovery and utilization of waste heat is achieved.

[0015] 2. The water pump draws condensate and injects it into the heat dissipation pipes through drain pipe No. 1. The condensate then flows and absorbs heat from the transformer, achieving cooling. The heat dissipation pipes are also equipped with drain pipes to discharge the heated water into underground drainage pipes. In summary, the heat is drawn in through heat extraction pipes No. 1 and No. 2, absorbed by the heat dissipation pipes, and blown away by the fan blades; these three processes work together to effectively cool the transformer. Drain pipes No. 1 and No. 3 are closed by valves. The condensate drawn by the water pump enters the empty chamber through drain pipe No. 2 to cool the nitrogen tank, thus... The nitrogen tank temperature is always maintained within a safe range below 50 degrees Celsius. The dual-shaft motor starts, driving the worm gear to rotate, which in turn opens the nitrogen tank's rotary switch. The nitrogen gas inside is then discharged through exhaust pipe number one and enters the exhaust duct. At this time, the exhaust fan starts, blowing the nitrogen gas towards the transformer. Simultaneously, the worm gear and dual-shaft motor rotate the first connecting rod, which in turn moves the nozzle along the slide rail via the second connecting rod. The water pump draws water into drain pipe number three, and then water is sprayed from the bottom to the top of the transformer through drain pipe number three. The sprayed water adheres to the transformer surface, extinguishing the fire and reducing smoke.

[0016] 3. Through the auxiliary fire extinguishing components, nitrogen gas entering the No. 1 exhaust pipe enters the No. 1 airbag through the No. 2 exhaust pipe. After the No. 1 airbag is inflated, it expands rapidly and pushes the push rod and needle to puncture the No. 2 airbag, opening the hollow frame. Then, as inflation continues, the No. 2 airbag reaches its maximum volume and begins to burst. The airflow generated after the burst sprays guanidine nitrate from the hollow frame onto the transformer surface. It is then evenly adhered to the outside of the transformer by water droplets on the transformer surface. This is to prevent guanidine nitrate from falling to the bottom of the transformer after conventional spraying, which would reduce the fire extinguishing effect. After the No. 2 airbag explodes, the nitrogen gas inside is also sprayed onto the transformer. When the temperature of the transformer's spontaneous combustion or smoke reaches the oxidation temperature of guanidine nitrate, the guanidine nitrate is oxidized and reduced to produce nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas discharged through the nitrogen tank and the nitrogen gas produced by the oxidation and reduction of guanidine nitrate increase the nitrogen content around the transformer. Then, the nitrogen gas dilutes the oxygen concentration in the transformer's combustion area, making it lower than the combustion limit, thereby preventing the combustion reaction and achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an external view of the transformer proposed in this invention; Figure 2 The present invention proposes Figure 1 Side view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water storage tank and hollow box structure proposed in this invention; Figure 4 The present invention proposes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a partial structure; Figure 5 The present invention proposes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a partial structure; Figure 6 The present invention proposes Figure 5 Sectional view; Figure 7 The present invention proposes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the planar structure; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the placement frame proposed in this invention; Figure 9 The present invention proposes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a partial structure; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the hollow frame proposed in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the No. 2 fire extinguishing structure proposed in this invention; Figure 12 The present invention proposes Figure 11 Partially split diagram.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Transformer; 2. Waste heat utilization structure; 201. Water storage tank; 202. Hollow box; 203. Water pump; 204. Drainage pipe No. 1; 205. Heat dissipation pipe; 206. Hollow box; 207. Exhaust fan; 208. Drainage hopper; 209. Heat extraction pipe No. 1; 210. Heat extraction pipe No. 2; 211. Conical hopper; 212. Support rod; 213. Guide block; 214. Cavity; 215. Condenser; 216. Interceptor trough; 3. Fire extinguishing structure No. 1; 301. Placement frame; 302. Nitrogen tank; 303. Rotary switch; 304. Empty chamber; 305. Drainage pipe No. 2; 306. Exhaust duct; 307. Exhaust fan; 308. Exhaust pipe No. 1; 309. Spiral 310. Wheel; 311. Dual-shaft motor; 312. Worm gear; 313. Slide groove; 314. Nozzle; 315. First connecting rod; 316. Second connecting rod; 317. Hollow frame; 318. No. 3 drain pipe; 3161. No. 1 airbag; 3162. No. 2 airbag; 3163. Push rod; 3164. Needle; 3165. No. 2 exhaust pipe; 4. No. 2 fire extinguishing structure; 401. Support plate; 402. Rotating shaft; 403. Square slot; 404. Rotary motor; 405. Square insert rod; 406. Fan blade; 407. Inclined column; 408. Inclined groove; 409. Vertical rod; 410. Circular slot; 411. Fixing rod; 412. Circular insert rod; 5. Dustproof net; 6. Smoke sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] A high-efficiency waste heat recovery type dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms includes: a transformer 1; a waste heat recovery structure 2 is provided on one side of the transformer 1; the waste heat recovery structure 2 includes a water storage tank 201 located on one side of the transformer 1; the water storage tank 201 serves as a supporting component and a hollow box 202 is fixed to its top; a water pump 203 is installed at the bottom of the water storage tank 201; the end of the water pump 203's suction pipe is located inside the water storage tank 201; the water pump 203 is connected to a first drain pipe 204; a connecting heat dissipation pipe 205 is fitted to the outside of the transformer 1; the first drain pipe 204 is connected to the heat dissipation pipe 205; a hollow box 206 is fixed to the bottom of the hollow box 202; an exhaust fan 207 is installed inside the hollow box 206; and an inclined exhaust fan is provided at the bottom of the hollow box 206. A water hopper 208 extends into the interior of a water storage tank 201. One end of a hollow box 206 is connected to a first heat extraction pipe 209, which extends into the interior of a transformer 1. A second heat extraction pipe 210 is connected to the first heat extraction pipe 209. A conical bucket 211 is installed inside the first heat extraction pipe 209 and a support rod 212 is fixed thereon. A flow interception groove 216 is formed between the conical bucket 211 and the first heat extraction pipe 209. A conical guide block 213 is fixed to the support rod 212. One end of the guide block 213 is located inside the conical bucket 211. A dustproof net 5 is installed at the bottom of the second heat extraction pipe 210. The dustproof net 5 is detachable. A temperature sensor is installed on the outer wall of the transformer 1. A smoke sensor 6 is installed inside the hollow box 202.

[0021] It should be noted that when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of transformer 1 exceeds the safety threshold, the control system of transformer 1 receives a high-temperature danger signal. The control system then activates the exhaust fan 207 inside the hollow box 206. Heat from both inside and outside the transformer 1 is extracted through heat extraction pipes 209 and 210. The heat extracted by heat extraction pipe 209 enters from the wide end of the conical hopper 211 and exits from the narrow end. The condenser fins 215, with their high thermal conductivity and low-temperature surface, come into contact with the hot air. This causes water vapor in the hot air (since heat extraction pipe 210 extracts external hot air containing water vapor, the water vapor mixes with the hot air entering through heat extraction pipe 209, resulting in water vapor in the hot air) to condense into liquid water due to the rapid temperature drop below the dew point. Simultaneously, the accelerated airflow (speeded up by the conical hopper 211) enhances the heat exchange efficiency, thus rapidly achieving the condensation and recovery of moisture from the hot air. The liquid water generated by phase change condensation flows into the hollow box 206, and then is discharged into the water storage tank 201 through the inclined drain hopper 208 for collection and storage. The condensate is extracted using the waste heat from the transformer 1, thus achieving waste heat recovery and utilization. Over time, the water level in the water storage tank 201 increases. When the collected water level reaches its maximum, the drain pipe connected to the water storage tank 201 opens, and the excess water is discharged through the drain pipe to the drainage pipe underground in the power distribution room. The water pump 203 draws the condensate and injects it into the heat dissipation pipe 205 through the first drain pipe 204. The condensate then flows and absorbs heat from the transformer 1. The water is cooled down, and the heat dissipation pipe 205 is also equipped with a drain pipe, which can discharge the water that has absorbed heat and increased in temperature in the heat dissipation pipe 205 to the underground drainage pipe. In summary, the heat is drawn in by the first heat extraction pipe 209 and the second heat extraction pipe 210, the heat is absorbed by the heat dissipation pipe 205, and the heat is blown away by the fan blade 406. The three work together to achieve effective cooling of the transformer 1. The first drain pipe 204 and the third drain pipe 317 are closed by valves. The condensate pumped by the water pump 203 enters the interior of the empty chamber 304 through the second drain pipe 305 to cool the nitrogen tank 302, so that the temperature of the nitrogen tank 302 is always kept in the safe temperature range below fifty degrees.

[0022] Furthermore, the wall of the first heat extraction pipe 209 is provided with a cavity 214, and a condenser fin 215 is installed inside the cavity 214. A first fire extinguishing structure 3 is provided at both ends inside the hollow box 202. The first fire extinguishing structure 3 includes a placement frame 301, inside which a nitrogen tank 302 is placed. A rotary switch 303 is provided on the top of the nitrogen tank 302. An empty chamber 304 is provided inside the placement frame 301. The water pump 203 is connected to a second drain pipe 305, and the top end of the second drain pipe 305 communicates with the empty chamber 304. An exhaust duct 306 is fixed on one side of the placement frame 301, and an exhaust fan 307 is installed inside the exhaust duct 306. The exhaust port of the nitrogen tank 302 is connected to a first exhaust pipe 308, and the end of the first exhaust pipe 308 is located at the exhaust... Inside the channel 306 and in front of the exhaust fan 307, the first fire extinguishing structure 3 also includes a worm gear 309 fixed to the top of the rotary switch 303. Inside the hollow box 202, a dual-axis motor 310 is installed and rotatably connected to a worm gear 311. The first output end of the dual-axis motor 310 is fixedly connected to the worm gear 311. A sliding groove 312 is provided on the front of the hollow box 202, and a nozzle 313 is slidably connected along the sliding groove 312. The water pump 203 is connected to a third drain pipe 317, and the top end of the third drain pipe 317 is connected to the nozzle 313. The second output end of the dual-axis motor 310 is fixed to one end of the worm gear 311 with a first connecting rod 314. The two sides of the nozzle 313 are rotatably connected to a second connecting rod 315, and the bottom of the first connecting rod 314 is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod 315.

[0023] Specifically, when transformer 1 spontaneously combusts, it first produces smoke. Smoke sensor 6 detects the smoke and then the control system starts the dual-axis motor 310 to drive the worm gear 311 to rotate. Then, the rotation of the worm wheel 309 opens the rotary switch 303 of the nitrogen tank 302. The nitrogen inside is then discharged through the first exhaust pipe 308 and enters the interior of the exhaust duct 306. At this time, the exhaust fan 307 starts to blow the nitrogen towards transformer 1. The worm gear 311 and the dual-axis motor 310 rotate the first connecting rod 314 and move the nozzle 313 along the slide 312 through the second connecting rod 315. The water pump 203 draws water into the third drain pipe 317 and then sprays water from the bottom to the top of transformer 1 through the third drain pipe 317. The sprayed water adheres to the surface of transformer 1 to extinguish the fire and reduce smoke.

[0024] In addition, an auxiliary fire extinguishing component that is linked to the first fire extinguishing structure 3 is provided inside the hollow box 202 on one side of the exhaust duct 306. The auxiliary fire extinguishing component includes a hollow frame 316 fixed inside the hollow box 202. The opening of the hollow frame 316 is sealed by a first airbag 3161. A second airbag 3162 is provided inside the hollow frame 316. A push rod 3163 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow frame 316. A needle 3164 is fixed to the push rod 3163. The auxiliary fire extinguishing component also includes a second exhaust pipe 3165 connected to the first exhaust pipe 308. One end of the second exhaust pipe 3165 is connected to the second airbag 3162. A second fire extinguishing structure 4 is provided in the middle of the hollow box 202.

[0025] Specifically, the nitrogen gas entering the first exhaust pipe 308 enters the first airbag 3161 through the second exhaust pipe 3165. After the first airbag 3161 is inflated, it expands rapidly and pushes the push rod 3163 and the needle 3164 to move. When the needle 3164 moves, it punctures the second airbag 3162, causing it to burst into pieces. The purpose is to open the hollow frame 316. Then, as inflation continues, the second airbag 3162 reaches its maximum volume and begins to burst. The airflow generated after the bursting propels the guanidine nitrate inside the hollow frame 316 onto the surface of the transformer 1, where it is evenly adhered by water droplets on the surface of the transformer 1. The purpose of placing the gas on the outside of transformer 1 is to prevent guanidine nitrate from falling to the bottom of the transformer after conventional spraying, which would reduce the fire extinguishing effect. After the explosion of the second gasbag 3162, the nitrogen gas inside will also be sprayed towards transformer 1. When the temperature of the spontaneous combustion or smoke of transformer 1 reaches the oxidation temperature of guanidine nitrate, the guanidine nitrate will be heated and oxidized to produce nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas discharged through nitrogen tank 302 and the nitrogen gas produced by the oxidation and reduction of guanidine nitrate will increase the nitrogen content around transformer 1. Then the nitrogen gas will dilute the oxygen concentration in the combustion area of ​​transformer 1, making it lower than the combustion limit, thereby preventing the combustion reaction and achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing.

[0026] Furthermore, the second fire extinguishing structure 4 includes a support plate 401 fixed inside a hollow box 202. A rotating shaft 402 is rotatably connected inside the support plate 401. The rotating shaft 402 has a square slot 403. A rotary motor 404 is mounted on the back of the hollow box 202. A square insert 405 is fixed to the output end of the rotary motor 404. The square insert 405 is located inside the square slot 403 and can move within the square slot 403. A fan blade 406 is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 402. A spring is installed inside the square slot 403. Not shown, the second fire extinguishing structure 4 also includes a hollow inclined column 407 fixed to the inner wall of the hollow box 202. The inclined column 407 is provided with an inclined groove 408. A movable vertical rod 409 is provided inside the inclined column 407. A circular slot 410 is provided at one end of the vertical rod 409. An electromagnet is installed inside the circular slot 410. A fixing rod 411 is fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft 402. A circular insert rod 412 is slidably connected inside the fixing rod 411. The circular slot 410 and the circular insert rod 412 cooperate with each other. The circular insert rod 412 is made of pure iron and cooperates with the electromagnet.

[0027] As demonstrated, when transformer 1 is working normally, the rotating motor 404 drives the shaft 402 and fan blade 406 to rotate via the square insert 405. The fan blade 406 provides daily cooling. During normal cooling, there is a three-millimeter gap between the circular insert 412 and the vertical rod 409. In the event of a fire, the control system energizes the electromagnet inside the circular slot 410. The strong magnetic field generated by the electromagnet attracts the circular insert 412, causing it to extend into the circular slot 410, thus connecting the fixing rod 411 and the vertical rod 409. Since one end of the vertical rod 409 is located inside the inclined slot 408, the shaft 402 rotates while carrying the vertical rod 409. The rotating shaft 402 and the square slot 403 extend and retract outside the square insert 405 through the height difference generated by the inclined slot 408. When the rotating shaft 402 retracts, it compresses the spring inside the square slot 403. The spring enables the fan blade 406 (made of alloy material and resistant to high temperature) to reciprocate forward and backward. The alloy fan blade 406 strikes the fire position of the transformer 1 by moving forward and backward. Specifically, when the transformer 1 is working normally, the function of the fan blade 406 is to cool the transformer 1. When the transformer 1 catches fire, the fan blade 406 acts as a fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. The fire is extinguished to the maximum extent through the cooperation of the first fire extinguishing structure 3 and the second fire extinguishing structure 4.

[0028] The water storage tank 201, the heat dissipation pipe 205, the empty chamber 304 are connected to a drain pipe, which is connected to the drainage pipe underground in the power distribution room. The drain pipe is controlled to open and close by an electric valve.

[0029] Working principle: Through the waste heat utilization structure 2, the first heat extraction pipe 209 is located in the center part (copper core or aluminum coil) of the winding inside the transformer 1 to extract heat. This is because the heat generated in this part is the highest, and the connection between the two adopts an efficient sealing design. The first heat extraction pipe 209 extracts heat inside the transformer 1, and the second heat extraction pipe 210 extracts heat outside the transformer 1. Specifically, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the transformer 1 exceeds the safety threshold, the control system of the transformer 1 receives a high temperature danger signal. Then, the control system controls the exhaust fan 207 inside the hollow box 206 to start the exhaust. Then, the heat inside and outside the transformer 1 is extracted through the first heat extraction pipe 209 and the second heat extraction pipe 210. The heat extracted by the first heat extraction pipe 209 enters from the wide end of the conical bucket 211 and is discharged from the narrow end of the conical bucket 211. According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass flow rate through any cross-section per unit time must remain constant. This means that when the flow cross-sectional area decreases, the average velocity of the airflow must increase to maintain the same mass flow rate. Therefore, when hot gas passes through the contracting cross-section of the conical hopper 211, the airflow velocity will increase. The condenser fins 215 facilitate the cooling of the first heat extraction tube 209. By increasing the gas flow rate, the gas moves quickly towards the location of the condenser fins 215, shortening the phase change condensation time. It should be noted that the condenser plate 215, through its high thermal conductivity material and low-temperature surface, comes into contact with the high-temperature hot air. This causes the water vapor in the hot air (since the second heat extraction pipe 210 extracts external hot air, which contains water vapor, this water vapor mixes with the hot air entering through the first heat extraction pipe 209, resulting in water vapor in the hot air) to undergo a phase change and condense into liquid water as the temperature drops rapidly below the dew point. Simultaneously, the accelerated airflow (speeded up by the conical hopper 211) enhances the heat exchange efficiency, thus rapidly... The process achieves the condensation and recovery of moisture in the hot air. Additionally, the hot air discharged from the narrow end of the conical hopper 211 flows along the surface of the guide block 213 towards the inner wall of the first heat extraction tube 209. This is because the inner wall of the first heat extraction tube 209 has a low temperature due to the action of the condenser fins 215. Without the guide block 213, the hot air would flow towards the middle of the first heat extraction tube 209, preventing sufficient contact between the hot air and the cooled inner wall of the first heat extraction tube 209. This would significantly reduce the efficiency of phase change condensation. Furthermore, since a flow-blocking groove 216 is formed between the conical hopper 211 and the first heat extraction tube 209, any backflow of hot gas will be blocked by the flow-blocking groove 216. When hot gas flows back, it must move from the narrow end to the wide end, which increases the airflow pressure. The combined effect of the conical hopper 211 and the flow-blocking groove 216 prevents the backflow of extracted heat (backflow of hot gas leads to a reduction in heat and a decrease in phase change condensation efficiency). Because hot gas moves upwards, even without the conical hopper 211 and the flow-blocking groove 216, backflow of hot gas will not occur in the second heat extraction tube 210. The liquid water generated by phase change condensation flows into the hollow box 206, and then is discharged into the water storage tank 201 through the inclined drainage hopper 208 for collection and storage. The condensate is extracted using the waste heat from the transformer 1, thus achieving waste heat recovery and utilization. Over time, the water level in the storage tank 201 increases. When the collected water level reaches its maximum, the drain pipe connected to the storage tank 201 opens, and the excess water is discharged through the drain pipe into the underground drainage pipe of the power distribution room. Alternatively, other larger containers can be used to collect the water for cooling other equipment in the power distribution room. The uses are not limited and will not be elaborated further here. Then, water pump 203 draws condensate and injects it into the interior of heat dissipation pipe 205 through drain pipe 204. The condensate then flows and absorbs heat from transformer 1 to achieve cooling. Heat dissipation pipe 205 is also equipped with a drain pipe to discharge the water that has absorbed heat and increased in temperature into the underground drainage pipe. In summary, heat is drawn in by heat extraction pipe 209 and heat extraction pipe 210, heat is absorbed by heat dissipation pipe 205, and heat is blown away by fan blade 406. The three work together to achieve effective cooling of transformer 1. Then, drain pipe 204 (number one) and drain pipe 317 (number three) are closed by valves. The condensate pumped by pump 203 enters the interior of empty chamber 304 through drain pipe 305 to cool nitrogen tank 302, ensuring that the temperature of nitrogen tank 302 remains below 50 degrees Celsius, a safe temperature range. Additionally, the heated water is discharged from empty chamber 304 through a drain pipe. When transformer 1 spontaneously combusts, smoke is first generated by the first fire extinguishing structure 3. Smoke sensor 6 detects the smoke and then the control system starts the dual-axis motor 310, which drives the worm gear 311 to rotate. The rotation of the worm wheel 309 then opens the rotary switch 303 of the nitrogen tank 302. The nitrogen inside is then discharged through exhaust pipe 308 and enters the exhaust duct 306. At this time, the exhaust fan 307 starts and blows the nitrogen towards transformer 1. Simultaneously, the worm gear 311 and the dual-axis motor 310 rotate the first connecting rod 314, and through the second connecting rod 315, the nozzle 313 moves along the slide 312. The water pump 203 draws water into the third drain pipe 317, and then sprays water from the bottom to the top of the transformer 1 through the third drain pipe 317. The sprayed water adheres to the surface of the transformer 1 to extinguish the fire and reduce smoke. Simultaneously, through the auxiliary fire extinguishing components, nitrogen gas entering the first exhaust pipe 308 enters the first gasbag 3161 through the second exhaust pipe 3165. After inflation, the first gasbag 3161 rapidly expands, pushing the push rod 3163 and needle 3164. As the needle 3164 moves, it punctures the second gasbag 3162, causing it to burst into pieces. This is to open the hollow frame 316. Then, with continued inflation, the second gasbag 3162 reaches its maximum capacity and begins to explode. The resulting airflow propels the guanidine nitrate inside the hollow frame 316 towards the surface of transformer 1. The guanidine nitrate is then evenly adhered to the outside of transformer 1 by water droplets on its surface, preventing it from falling to the bottom of the transformer after conventional spraying and reducing the fire extinguishing effect. The nitrogen gas inside the second gasbag 3162 after its explosion also sprays towards transformer 1. When the temperature of the spontaneous combustion or smoke from transformer 1 reaches the oxidation temperature of guanidine nitrate, the guanidine nitrate undergoes thermal oxidation-reduction to produce nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas discharged through nitrogen tank 302 combines with the nitrogen gas produced by the oxidation-reduction of guanidine nitrate, increasing the nitrogen content around transformer 1. This nitrogen gas then dilutes the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone of transformer 1, bringing it below the combustion limit, thereby preventing the combustion reaction and achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire. Through the No. 2 fire extinguishing structure 4, when the transformer 1 is working normally, the rotating motor 404 drives the shaft 402 and the fan blade 406 to rotate via the square insert rod 405. When the fan blade 406 rotates, it provides daily cooling. During normal cooling, there is a three-millimeter gap between the circular insert rod 412 and the vertical rod 409. In the event of a fire, the control system energizes the electromagnet in the circular slot 410. The strong magnetic field generated by the electromagnet attracts the circular insert rod 412 to extend into the circular slot 410, thereby connecting the fixed rod 411 and the vertical rod 409. Since one end of the vertical rod 409 is located inside the inclined groove 408, when the shaft 402 rotates, it moves the vertical rod 409 within the inclined groove 408. The height difference generated by the inclined groove 408 causes the shaft 402 and the square slot 403 to extend and retract outside the square insert rod 405. When the shaft 402 retracts, it compresses the spring inside the square slot 403. The spring enables the fan blade 406 (made of high-temperature resistant alloy material) to reciprocate forward and backward. The alloy fan blades 406 strike the fire location of transformer 1 by moving forward and backward. Specifically, when transformer 1 is working normally, the function of fan blades 406 is to cool transformer 1. When transformer 1 catches fire, fan blades 406 act as fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire. The fire is extinguished to the maximum extent by cooperating with fire extinguishing structure 3 and fire extinguishing structure 4. In addition, an electric slide rail can be installed at the bottom of water tank 201 to move hollow box 202 so that fan blades 406 can accurately strike the fire location.

[0030] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery type dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms, comprising: A transformer (1) is characterized in that: a waste heat utilization structure (2) is provided on one side of the transformer (1), the waste heat utilization structure (2) includes a water storage tank (201) located on one side of the transformer (1), the water storage tank (201) serves as a supporting component and a hollow box (202) is fixed on its top, a water pump (203) is installed at the bottom of the water storage tank (201), the end of the water pump (203)'s pumping pipe is located inside the water storage tank (201), the water pump (203) is connected to a first drain pipe (204), a heat dissipation pipe (205) is provided in close contact with the outside of the transformer (1), the first drain pipe (204) is connected to the heat dissipation pipe (205), a hollow box (206) is fixed at the bottom of the hollow box (202), an exhaust fan (207) is installed inside the hollow box (206), and an inclined drainage bucket (207) is provided at the bottom of the hollow box (206). 8), the drainage hopper (208) extends into the interior of the water storage tank (201), one end of the hollow box (206) is connected to a first heat extraction pipe (209), the first heat extraction pipe (209) extends into the interior of the transformer (1), the first heat extraction pipe (209) is connected to a second heat extraction pipe (210), a conical hopper (211) is installed inside the first heat extraction pipe (209) and a support rod (212) is fixed thereon, the conical hopper (211) A flow intercepting groove (216) is formed between the support rod (212) and the first heat extraction tube (209). A conical guide block (213) is fixed on the support rod (212). One end of the guide block (213) is located inside the conical bucket (211). A cavity (214) is provided on the wall of the first heat extraction tube (209). A condenser plate (215) is installed inside the cavity (214). A fire extinguishing structure (3) is provided at both ends inside the hollow box (202).

2. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fire extinguishing structure (3) includes a placement frame (301), inside which a nitrogen tank (302) is placed, and a rotary switch (303) is provided on the top of the nitrogen tank (302). Inside the placement frame (301) is an empty chamber (304). The water pump (203) is connected to a second drain pipe (305), and the top end of the second drain pipe (305) is connected to the empty chamber (304). An exhaust duct (306) is fixed on one side of the placement frame (301), and an exhaust fan (307) is installed inside the exhaust duct (306). The exhaust port of the nitrogen tank (302) is connected to a first exhaust pipe (308), and the end of the first exhaust pipe (308) is located inside the exhaust duct (306) and in front of the exhaust fan (307).

3. The high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The No. 1 fire extinguishing structure (3) also includes a worm gear (309) fixed on the top of a rotary switch (303). A dual-axis motor (310) is installed inside the hollow box (202) and rotatably connected to a worm gear (311). The first output end of the dual-axis motor (310) is fixedly connected to the worm gear (311). A sliding groove (312) is provided on the front of the hollow box (202), and a nozzle (313) is slidably connected along the sliding groove (312). The water pump (203) is connected to a No. 3 drain pipe (317). The top of the third drain pipe (317) is connected to the nozzle (313). The second output end of the dual-axis motor (310) is fixed to one end of the worm gear (311) with a first connecting rod (314). The two sides of the nozzle (313) are rotatably connected with a second connecting rod (315). The bottom of the first connecting rod (314) is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod (315). The interior of the hollow box (202) is located on one side of the exhaust duct (306) and is equipped with an auxiliary fire extinguishing component that is linked to the first fire extinguishing structure (3).

4. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary fire extinguishing assembly includes a hollow frame (316) fixed inside a hollow box (202). The opening of the hollow frame (316) is sealed by a first airbag (3161). A second airbag (3162) is provided inside the hollow frame (316). A push rod (3163) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the hollow frame (316). A needle (3164) is fixed to the push rod (3163).

5. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery type dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary fire extinguishing assembly also includes a second exhaust pipe (3165) connected to the first exhaust pipe (308). One end of the second exhaust pipe (3165) is connected to the second airbag (3162). The middle part of the hollow box (202) is provided with a second fire extinguishing structure (4).

6. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second fire extinguishing structure (4) includes a support plate (401) fixed inside a hollow box (202). A rotating shaft (402) is rotatably connected inside the support plate (401). A square slot (403) is provided on the rotating shaft (402). A rotary motor (404) is installed on the back of the hollow box (202). A square plug (405) is fixed at the output end of the rotary motor (404). The square plug (405) is located inside the square slot (403) and can move inside the square slot (403). A fan blade (406) is fixed at one end of the rotating shaft (402).

7. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second fire extinguishing structure (4) also includes a hollow inclined column (407) fixed to the inner wall of the hollow box (202). The inclined column (407) is provided with an inclined groove (408). The inclined column (407) is provided with a movable vertical rod (409). One end of the vertical rod (409) is provided with a circular slot (410). An electromagnet is installed inside the circular slot (410). A fixing rod (411) is fixed to the outside of the rotating shaft (402). A circular insert rod (412) is slidably connected inside the fixing rod (411).

8. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 7, characterized in that, The circular slot (410) and the circular rod (412) cooperate with each other. The circular rod (412) is made of pure iron and an electromagnet.

9. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery type dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the second heat extraction tube (210) is equipped with a dustproof net (5), which is detachable.

10. A high-efficiency waste heat recovery dry-type transformer for power distribution rooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, A temperature sensor is installed on the outer wall of the transformer (1), and a smoke sensor (6) is installed inside the hollow box (202).

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