Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a control unit configured to determine a configuration of a sensing signal using a first pattern in which the sensing signal is distributed at a constant frequency interval using a specific comb size or a second pattern in which the sensing signal is not distributed at a constant frequency interval, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the sensing signal to a target. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the performance of wireless sensing can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving upon LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The development of successor systems to LTE is also underway (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] Wireless sensing in future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR) is being researched.

[0009] However, the details of wireless sensing have not been fully studied. If the details of wireless sensing are unclear, there are concerns about a reduction in sensing / communication quality.

[0010] Therefore, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations that improve the performance of wireless sensing.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] The terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by comprising: a control unit that uses a first pattern or a second pattern to determine the configuration of sensing signals, wherein in the first pattern the sensing signals are distributed at constant frequency intervals using a specific comb size, and in the second pattern the frequency intervals of the sensing signals are not constant; and a transmitting unit that transmits the sensing signals to a target.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one method disclosed herein, the performance of wireless sensing can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1A as well as Figure 1B Examples of scenarios representing monostatic sensing in a BS or UE.

[0016] Figure 2A as well as Figure 2B Examples of bistatic sensing scenarios between BSs or UEs.

[0017] Figure 3A as well as Figure 3B Examples of dual-station sensing scenarios between BS and UE or between UE and UE.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing an example of the RS pattern for feature 2.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing an example of the RS pattern representing feature 3.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of sensing RS patterns in steps 1 and 2 of the first embodiment.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of determining the location of the target using steps 1 and 2 of the first embodiment.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a diagram of Example 1 showing the RS pattern of the second embodiment.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram of Example 2 showing the RS pattern of the second embodiment.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram of Example 3 showing the RS pattern of the second embodiment.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing an example of a combination of RS patterns according to the second embodiment.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a diagram representing an example of an irregular perceptual RS pattern.

[0028] Figure 14 This is a diagram representing an example of a regular perceptual RS pattern.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of representation method 3-2.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of representation 3-2.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 3 of method 3-2.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern in variation 3-2.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in a variation of representation 3-2.

[0034] Figure 20A as well as Figure 20B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS rule representing mode 3-3.

[0035] Figure 21A , Figure 21B ,as well as Figure 21C This is a diagram illustrating an example of irregular RS in representation 3-3.

[0036] Figures 22A-22DThis is a diagram illustrating an example of the relative RB offset between two comb patterns RS.

[0037] Figure 23 This is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern according to the fourth embodiment.

[0038] Figure 24A This is a diagram illustrating an example of option 1 in method 4-1. Figure 24B This is a diagram showing an example of option 2-1 of method 4-1. Figure 24C This is a diagram showing an example of option 2-2 of representation 4-1.

[0039] Figure 25 This is a diagram showing other examples of representation 4-1.

[0040] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS resource in representation 4-2.

[0041] Figure 27 This is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for which FDM was used on two comb tooth patterns RS.

[0042] Figure 28A as well as Figure 28B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of representation method 4-3.

[0043] Figure 29A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of representation 4-3. Figure 29B This is a diagram showing examples of RS patterns for options 1 and 2 of method 4-3.

[0044] Figure 30A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 3 of representation 4-3. Figure 30B This is a diagram showing an example of the RS pattern combining options 1 and 3 of method 4-3. Figure 30C This is a diagram showing an example of the RS pattern combining options 2 and 3 of method 4-3.

[0045] Figures 31A-31D This is a diagram of an example of an RS pattern within a time slot in option 3 of representation 4-3.

[0046] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern representing method 5-1.

[0047] Figure 33A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of representation method 5-2. Figure 33B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of representation 5-2.

[0048] Figure 34A as well as Figure 34BThis is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of representation method 5-3.

[0049] Figure 35A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of representation 5-3. Figure 35B This is a diagram showing examples of RS patterns for options 1 and 2 of method 5-3.

[0050] Figure 36 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 3 of representation 5-3.

[0051] Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a combination of RS in representation 7-2.

[0052] Figure 38 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0053] Figure 39 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0054] Figure 40 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0055] Figure 41 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0056] Figure 42 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0057] (ISAC)

[0058] The motivation behind Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and new / enhanced services by using a wide variety of frequencies and cellular NW devices, and to optimize NW parameters through the analysis of real-time sensing data. Research is underway on: providing sensing services for various industries / applications to address multiple objectives; enhanced use cases and possible requirements for 5G systems; and several use cases that may also include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, cameras).

[0059] For example, use case 1 is sensing for traffic management at tourist attractions. For example, use case 2 is intruder detection in smart home environments.

[0060] As for ISAC, sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing are being investigated. For sensing-assisted communication, sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation are being studied. For communication-assisted sensing, network sensing and coordinated sensing are being investigated. To achieve these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operated radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are being investigated. Furthermore, for shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms used in ISAC, higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing are being investigated.

[0061] In ISAC, the following are research topics: unified waveforms that simultaneously meet the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals); beamforming-based communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals), sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals); ISAC beamforming that simultaneously achieves interference suppression between them; and CSI mining (AI-based CSI mining) that extracts sensing information from channel information of communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals) via AI / DL networks.

[0062] Whether communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bandwidth is being investigated in three types of radar and communication systems. These three types are: independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following focuses on ISAC systems that share hardware and bandwidth between radar and communication systems.

[0063] (Wireless Sensing)

[0064] Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is an important means to make the vision of 6G cyber-physical systems (CPS) possible. ISAC can be implemented through the development of 5G-advanced (A) and 6G with higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) are the main technologies used to realize wireless sensing.

[0065] As use cases for ISAC, there are metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) perception, crowd estimation, etc. HAPS can be an aircraft at an altitude of about 20km or it can be used for non-terrestrial networks (NTN).

[0066] HAPS sensing enables ultra-remote-distance sensing using echo signals, supported by communication capabilities. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the strength of the echo signal, an extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sensing waveform or sequence is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal at a given transmit power.

[0067] (Perception mode / method)

[0068] Conventional communication systems typically involve communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, as well as joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE. Conventional radar systems typically include monostatic radar (one radar transmitting radar signals and receiving echoes from a sensed object), and bistatic / multistatic radar (one radar transmitting radar signals and one or more radars receiving echoes from a sensed object).

[0069] Independent systems use dedicated hardware and frequency bands for both radar and communications. This dedicated hardware can be installed either in the same location or in a dedicated area.

[0070] Joint systems use the same hardware and dedicated frequency bands for both radar and communications.

[0071] The unified system uses the same hardware and frequency band for both radar and communications.

[0072] Sensing in the ISAC system can be achieved through any of the following sensing methods.

[0073] ◇Monostatic Sensing: Monostatic sensing utilizes the concept of monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one base station (BS) or one user equipment (UE) and senses the signal via echo signals. In this method, there is no cooperation between BSs, between UEs, or between BSs and UEs. An example use case for this method is terahertz imaging.

[0074] ◇ Bistatic / Multistatic Sensing: This method utilizes bistatic / multistatic radar for sensing. It requires two or more Base Stations (BSs) or User Equipments (UEs) to detect signals through reflected signals. A use case for this method is, for example, localization.

[0075] ◇UE-Assisted Sensing: This method utilizes the concept of NR positioning and is UE-assisted sensing. It requires both a Base Station (BS) and a UE, and sensing is achieved through communication (UL / DL) signals. This method operates within the existing 5G NR framework. However, it requires a UE, and the computational complexity involved in sensing both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) distances is significant. A potential use case for this method is breath monitoring.

[0076] [Single-station perception]

[0077] This sensing method includes BS (gNB) single-station sensing ( Figure 1A ) and UE single-site perception ( Figure 1B ( ) perception methods.

[0078] Scenarios suitable for single-station sensing have the following characteristics.

[0079] ◇The target being sensed is near the BS / UE being sensed, and requires a high or medium level of SNR in the echo signal.

[0080] ◇The target may also lack communication capabilities.

[0081] The requirements for single-station sensing capabilities have the following characteristics.

[0082] ◇Due to the full duplex nature of BS or UE, high capability is required.

[0083] The performance of single-station sensing has the following characteristics.

[0084] ◇Accuracy is increased by not using quantization.

[0085] ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal.

[0086] ◇Short delay.

[0087] [Dual-station sensing / Multi-station sensing]

[0088] The sensing method includes bi-station sensing from BS to BS (gNB-gNB, BS-BS, BS1-BS2, gNB-to-gNB, gNB1-to-gNB2). Figure 2A Dual-site awareness from UE to BS (UE-gNB, UE-BS, UE-to-gNB) Figure 2B Dual-station sensing from BS to UE (gNB-UE, BS-UE, gNB-to-UE) Figure 3A ), and dual-site sensing from UE to UE (UE-UE, UE1-UE2, UE-to-UE, UE1-to-UE2) Figure 3B ( ) perception methods.

[0089] The scenarios suitable for BS-BS dual-station sensing have the following characteristics.

[0090] It requires close synchronization and collaboration between BSs, as well as scheduling and coordination among multiple BSs.

[0091] ◇The target may also lack communication capabilities.

[0092] The requirements for BS-BS dual-station sensing capabilities have the following characteristics.

[0093] ◇Because of half duplex, it can be achieved even with low power.

[0094] ◇High capability is required due to the synchronization between BS.

[0095] The performance of BS-BS dual-station sensing has the following characteristics.

[0096] ◇Accuracy is increased by not using quantization.

[0097] ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal.

[0098] ◇The delay is moderate.

[0099] Scenarios suitable for UE-BS dual-site awareness, BS-UE dual-site awareness, and UE-UE dual-site awareness have the following characteristics.

[0100] ◇A communication UE needs to be present around the target.

[0101] The requirements for UE-BS dual-site awareness capability have the following characteristics.

[0102] ◇Because of half duplex, it can be achieved even with low power.

[0103] ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0104] The requirements for the capability of BS-UE dual-site sensing and UE-UE dual-site sensing have the following characteristics.

[0105] ◇Because of half duplex, it can be achieved even with low power.

[0106] ◇The UE requires sufficient computing resources and high precision in detecting reflected signals.

[0107] ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0108] The performance of UE-BS dual-site sensing, BS-UE dual-site sensing, and UE-UE dual-site sensing has the following characteristics.

[0109] ◇Due to the quantification of feedback values, the accuracy becomes moderate.

[0110] ◇Accuracy is related to the configured resources and UE location.

[0111] ◇Long delay.

[0112] In the embodiments described below, the following scenarios and ideas may also be used.

[0113] ◇In the ISAC scenario, communication and sensing functions are required.

[0114] ◇For the sake of low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half-duplex) can also be conceived as an alternative to full-duplex in both BS and UE.

[0115] In a TDD-based ISAC system, it is preferable that the sensed signal and the reflected / echo signal are transmitted and received in different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing, including single-site BS sensing and dual-site sensing from BS1 to BS2, it is preferable that the sensed signal is transmitted in the DL time resource and the reflected / echo signal is received in the UL time resource. Similarly, in UE-based sensing, including single-site UE sensing and dual-site sensing from UE1 to UE2, it is preferable that the sensed signal is transmitted in the UL time resource and the reflected / echo signal is received in the DL time resource. In dual-site sensing from BS to UE, it is preferable to use the DL time resource during sensing. In dual-site sensing from UE to DL, it is preferable to use the UL time resource during sensing.

[0116] (ISAC scenario and requirements in Rel.19)

[0117] In the ISAC scenario of Rel.19, various requirements are being studied. Furthermore, the range of KPI values ​​does not consider angle-related indicators. Additionally, requirements such as the following are being studied.

[0118] Range: Horizontal positioning accuracy 10m-0.02m, vertical positioning accuracy 10m-0.2m, distance resolution 10m-0.375m.

[0119] Speed: Horizontal speed accuracy 15m / s~0.03m / s, vertical speed accuracy 1.5m / s~0.1m / s, speed resolution 10m / s~0.1m / s.

[0120] Other: latency of 60000ms to 5ms, refresh rate of 60s to 0.1s, false negative rate of 10% to 1%, and false positive rate of 5% to 1%.

[0121] (NR RS pattern)

[0122] In NR, the positioning reference signal (PRS) is a suitable candidate for distance sensing due to its wide bandwidth and pattern design to avoid range ambiguity. Furthermore, the bandwidth of the PRS is, for example, 24 to 272 Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs). As a pattern design for the PRS, a permuted interlaced comb pattern is used, for example. This is equivalent to Comb 1. The features 1 to 3 of the pattern design used for the PRS will be explained below.

[0123] Feature 1 (Comb Pattern): RS are configured at specific intervals along the frequency direction. By applying the comb pattern, both frequency reuse and full bandwidth can be achieved. However, the comb pattern may narrow the range of TOA (Time of Arrival of PRS / SRS).

[0124] Feature 2 (Staggered comb pattern): To overcome the problem described in Feature 1, a staggered comb pattern is proposed. In this pattern, no sidepeaks are generated in the cross-correlation function, thus enabling the full distance to be obtained.

[0125] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for feature 2. (Example:) Figure 4 Thus, in feature 2, the frequency direction position (start position) of the comb pattern is shifted by 1 subcarrier in each symbol.

[0126] In addition, Figure 4 In this diagram, one cell represents one resource element (RE), which is one symbol and one subcarrier resource. Furthermore, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency. Unless otherwise specified, this applies to other diagrams representing RS patterns. Additionally, in... Figure 4 The diagram shows an RS pattern with 14 symbols (1 time slot) and 12 subcarriers (1RB).

[0127] Feature 3 (Permuted staggered comb pattern): A pattern is proposed that makes the time-frequency grid distribution more uniform. In this pattern, the accumulated signal gradually contains symbols with higher density.

[0128] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for feature 3. (Example) Figure 5 Thus, in feature 3, the position (starting position) of the frequency direction of the comb pattern differs in each symbol. The position (starting position) of the frequency direction of the comb pattern is shifted in different directions in each symbol.

[0129] (analyze)

[0130] In wireless sensing / ISAC for 5G-A (Advanced) / 6G, distance perception of the target (non-communication / communication UE) is a key requirement. To achieve good performance in terms of sensing range (i.e., unambiguous long distance) and sensing resolution / accuracy (i.e., large effective bandwidth), the sensing signal / RS pattern needs to be appropriately designed. For example, an NR PRS designed for positioning a communication UE might be used as a sensing RS.

[0131] In the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) of NR, to achieve full-range coverage, if the size of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain is set to L... PRS Then the comb tooth size K comb PRS L needs to be satisfied PRS ≥K comb PRS Combination {L PRS , K comb PRS For example, it could also be any one of {2, 2}, {4, 2}, {6, 2}, {12, 2}, {4, 4}, {12, 4}, {6, 6}, {12, 6}, and {12, 12}. Here, consider topics like Observation 1 and Observation 2 below.

[0132] Observation 1: The requirements L of NR PRS PRS ≥K comb PRS Increase the duration (i.e., delay).

[0133] Observation 2: The positioning function is independent of PDSCH / PUSCH transmission. The time-frequency resources required become very large, and the overhead becomes very large.

[0134] NR PRS is a candidate RS for application in sensing. However, if NR PRS is used directly in sensing, the overhead may increase, which may not be optimal for ISAC systems. Therefore, it is preferable to achieve full-range sensing coverage with low overhead (i.e., increase the distance for ambiguity removal).

[0135] To mitigate the impact on the sensing of the communication system, a low-overhead sensing RS design is preferred. However, low-overhead sparse RS can cause ambiguity, thus affecting the sensing coverage. Therefore, it is preferable to remove ambiguity (multi-peak autocorrelation) to achieve the desired sensing range.

[0136] If the comb tooth dimensions of two RSs are coprime, then range ambiguity can be eliminated. For example, consider RSs with comb tooth dimensions of 1 and N, RSs with comb tooth dimensions of N and N+1, RSs with comb tooth dimensions of N-1 and N+1 (when N is even), etc. Existing NR RSs (including NR PRSs) typically consider one comb tooth dimension for one structure, and the comb tooth dimensions that can be used for different structures are not coprime.

[0137] Therefore, the study investigated the application of two comb patterns (RS) with coprime comb sizes. When the ambiguity function for each distance was graphically represented, only one common peak was observed across all comb sizes. This common peak is used in distance estimation. Furthermore, at an SCS of 15 kHz, no range ambiguity was generated in a region with a radius of 10 km. Moreover, even with a comb size of 1, the ambiguity performance remained the same, but the beamwidth was very narrow (i.e., high accuracy).

[0138] The preferred approach in the sensing RS design is to employ the sensing method described later, thereby reducing overhead while maintaining the same sensing performance.

[0139] Therefore, the inventors of this invention conceived of a method to improve the performance of wireless sensing.

[0140] The embodiments disclosed herein will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods described in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0141] (Various rewrites)

[0142] In this disclosure, terms enclosed in parentheses "()" may also indicate explanations of the preceding term (e.g., spelling notes), alternative names, specific examples, supplementary information, etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms enclosed in square brackets "[]" may be included in the meaning of the entire article, or may be excluded (ignored) while still conveying the meaning of the entire article. Additionally, "()" and "[]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than these.

[0143] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0144] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0145] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0146] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol messages, such as NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages), or combinations thereof.

[0147] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0148] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0149] In this disclosure, the terms mute, discard, abort, cancel, puncture, rate matching, postpone, and do not send can also be rewritten.

[0150] In this disclosure, the terms location (location determination), positioning (location), location, location measurement, location estimation, measured value, estimated value, measurement result, perception, perceived information, quantity, measurement content, and measurement type can be interchanged.

[0151] In this disclosure, the terms "object," "sensing object," "target," "non-UE target," "UE target," and "sensing object" can be interchanged. In this disclosure, a sensing object may or may not have communication capabilities. In this disclosure, a sensing object may also include a UE. In this disclosure, the terms "UE target," "target with communication capabilities," "target device," and "UE" can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, a non-UE target and a target without communication capabilities can also be interchanged.

[0152] In this disclosure, the first signal, communication signal, RS, radar signal, mixed signal of communication and radar, integrated signal, ISAC signal, sensing signal, and signal transmitted by the transmitter can also be rewritten in relation to each other. In this disclosure, the second signal, echo signal, signal impacted by an object, signal reflected by an object, signal refracted by an object, signal diffracted by an object, signal transmitted and received by a sensing transmitter / receiver, and signal received by a receiver can also be rewritten in relation to each other.

[0153] In this disclosure, the base station (BS), NG-RAN node, gNB, ng-eNB, NG-RAN, RAN, network (NW), TRP, TP, and RP can also be rewritten.

[0154] In this disclosure, the wireless communication method and the sensing method can also be rewritten in relation to each other.

[0155] In this disclosure, RS and RSs can be interchanged. Localization, location detection, and location estimation can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, the settings / instructions for defined XX, set / indicated XX, and UE receiving XX can also be interchanged.

[0156] Furthermore, the sensing described herein can also be applied to single-station sensing or dual-station sensing (e.g., Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3A ,or Figure 3BThat is, the UE or base station transmits the RS (Sensing RS) as described in this disclosure, and the echo signal of the RS is received by the same or different UEs or base stations. The UE in this disclosure may also refer to UE1 or UE2 in the above figure. The base station in this disclosure may also refer to gNB1 or gNB2 in the above figure. In this disclosure, the UE and base station (gNB) can also be interchanged.

[0157] TRS can also be a CSI-RS (periodic CSI-RS) within an NZP CSI-RS resource set that has TRS information (high-level parameter trs-Info) set.

[0158] (Wireless communication method)

[0159] The first UE (UE1 or UE2) / base station (gNB1 or gNB) receives settings related to the sensing RS. The first UE (UE1 or UE2) / base station (gNB1 or gNB) determines the configuration of the sensing RS and transmits the sensing RS in the determined configuration. The second UE (UE1 or UE2) / base station (gNB1 or gNB) receives the echo signal from the target. The second UE / base station may also receive the settings related to the sensing RS in advance from the first UE / base station.

[0160] The following is a summary of the sensing RS disclosed herein.

[0161] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS pattern in this disclosure. Figure 6 (a) is a diagram representing the RS pattern of NR PRS, which essentially configures one OFDM symbol with a comb size of 1 in one time slot. The overhead of (a) is set to OH1 = 1 / 14.

[0162] exist Figure 6 In (b) and (c), two comb tooth patterns RS are applied. These two comb tooth patterns RS are novel RS patterns used for sensing in this disclosure and have coprime comb tooth dimensions. Figure 6 In (b), RSs with comb tooth sizes of 4 and 5 are configured alternately per symbol. The overhead in this case becomes OH2 = 45% × OH1. Figure 6 In (c), RSs with comb tooth sizes of 6 and 7 are configured alternately for each symbol. The overhead in this case becomes OH3 = 31% × OH3.

[0163] Figure 6 (a) and Figure 6 The unambiguity range (coverage) and estimation accuracy are the same in (b) and (c), but as mentioned above, Figure 6 (b) and (c) are compared Figure 6 (a) Low cost.

[0164] As described above, in order to reduce overhead, this disclosure studies the use of two or more comb teeth RS as sensing RS, and sets the comb tooth size to coprime to configure the RS and perform sensing.

[0165] <First Implementation Method>

[0166] In the first embodiment, a two-step sensing method based on RS, capable of high-accuracy distance estimation with low overhead, will be described. The UE / base station determines a configuration using a first sensing signal (RS) with a first comb tooth size (step 1), and determines a configuration using a second sensing signal (RS) with a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size (step 2), and transmits both the first and second sensing signals to the target. The comb tooth size represents the configuration interval (e.g., number of SCS) in the frequency direction of the RS. This two-step sensing method will be described in detail below.

[0167] <<An Example of Two-Step Perception>>

[0168] Step 1: The UE performs coarse localization based on RS with small comb size and small bandwidth in the frequency domain. Full coverage "based on beam scanning" is required for both target detection and coarse localization.

[0169] Step 2: Perform accurate location determination based on RS with large comb size and large bandwidth in the frequency domain. In Step 2, the location (or potential area) roughly estimated in Step 1 can be used or not.

[0170] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates an example of the sensing RS pattern used in steps 1 and 2 of the first embodiment. In the RS pattern used in step 1, the comb tooth size K... comb The value is 1, and the bandwidth (BW) used is 4 subcarrier spaces (SCS). In the RS pattern used in step 2, the comb tooth size K comb The values ​​are 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and the bandwidth (BW) is 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 SCS.

[0171] Additionally, the effective SCS of the perceived RS is denoted as SCS. S =K comb SCS. The length of the sensing RS is N. rs In this case, the bandwidth occupied by the sensing RS is represented as BW=N rs SCS S =N rs K comb SCS.

[0172] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates an example of determining the target's location using steps 1 and 2 of the first embodiment. (Example) Figure 8 As shown, the perceived distance interval corresponds to the comb tooth size (the interval in the frequency direction of RS). Figure 8 The box A represents the potential distance (potential location) of the target. A wider A indicates a larger estimation error, while a narrower A indicates a smaller estimation error. The box B represents the correct target location. However, if only step 2 is used, the UE may detect incorrect targets. But by using step 1 to perform an approximate distance estimate that eliminates ambiguity, the ambiguity of step 2 can be eliminated, resulting in an accurate estimation.

[0173] Furthermore, the selection / combination of steps 1 and 2 is determined based on sensing requirements related to range coverage (or unambiguous distance) and distance estimation accuracy. For services with a large range coverage but low distance estimation accuracy, step 1 alone is sufficient. For services with a small range coverage but high distance estimation accuracy, step 2 alone is sufficient. For services requiring both wide range coverage and high distance estimation accuracy, both steps 1 and 2 are necessary. The processing order of steps 1 and 2 is arbitrary. That is, step 2 can be performed after step 1, or step 1 can be performed after step 2, yielding the same sensing result.

[0174] The UE can also determine the number of comb teeth used based on perception requirements (e.g., distance coverage / distance estimation accuracy). For example, the higher the required distance estimation accuracy, the more comb teeth the UE uses.

[0175] That is, the UE can also decide, based on the sensing requirements, whether to send only the first sensing signal using the first comb tooth size, or only the second sensing signal using the second comb tooth size which is larger than the first comb tooth size, or to send both the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal.

[0176] <<RS Applied in 2-Step Sensing>>

[0177] Multiple RS patterns with different patterns (e.g., comb tooth size) and different effective bandwidths can also be applied to two-step sensing. Ambiguity performance is limited by RS patterns with smaller comb tooth sizes, while resolution and accuracy performance are limited by RS patterns with larger bandwidths. Compared to conventional methods that set only one RS pattern in a single sensing measurement, using multiple RS patterns with different settings in a single measurement can improve ambiguity performance, resolution, and accuracy. For example, RS1 with a comb tooth size of 2 and an effective bandwidth of 1000 BW and RS2 with a comb tooth size of 4 and an effective bandwidth of 2000 BW can be used in a single sensing measurement.

[0178] <<<Option 1>>>

[0179] The UE can also receive multiple settings for each resource set and RS for each sensing measurement. For example, for one sensing measurement, two resource sets and two RSs (different comb sizes / different bandwidths) can be set / indicated. For these two resource sets and RSs, only one sensing measurement result is reported or exchanged.

[0180] <<<Option 2>>>

[0181] The UE can also receive a single setting for the resource set and RS for each sensed measurement. In this case, multiple sensed measurements can be used jointly in the sensing of a single target. For example, two sensed measurements and their associated resource sets / RS are set / indicated to the UE, and the two sensed measurements are used jointly in the estimation of a single target. Alternatively, the base station (BS) can decide whether to use multiple measurements without notifying the UE or coordinating with the BS. The timing relationships between multiple settings can also be flexibly configured.

[0182] <<<Option 3>>>

[0183] RS can also be redefined to meet requirements for multiple comb tooth sizes and bandwidths. This option can also be combined with examples from the second to fourth embodiments.

[0184] <<<Changes in Options 1 and 2>>>

[0185] Relationships in the time domain:

[0186] Multiple settings for a resource set and RS can have the same period, the same period, or different periods in the time domain. Ideally, the multiple settings for the resource set and RS should be consecutive time slots / symbols, but they can also be discontinuous time slots / symbols.

[0187] Relationships in the frequency domain:

[0188] The comb size for the first setting of the resource set and RS can also be greater than (or less than) the second setting of the resource set and RS. The BW / RE number in the frequency domain of the first setting of the resource set and RS can be equal to, or greater than (or less than) the BW / RE number in the second setting of the resource set and RS.

[0189] Relationships in the spatial domain:

[0190] Multiple settings for a resource set and a RS can have the same QCL relationship (i.e., can be set to QCL through the same RS), or they can have the same or different QCL relationships (i.e., can be set to QCL through the same or different RS).

[0191] According to this embodiment, by using multiple RS patterns with different settings in a single measurement, fuzziness performance, resolution, and accuracy performance can be improved.

[0192] <Second Implementation Method>

[0193] The UE design generates L combined patterns of sensing RS with different comb tooth sizes. The comb tooth size of each combined pattern is set to K. comb, 1 ,...K comb, L This embodiment corresponds to option 3 of the first embodiment. As described above, it is preferable that the comb tooth sizes of the multiple sensing RSs used simultaneously are coprime. Hereinafter, examples of the comb tooth sizes used will be specifically described.

[0194] For example, the comb tooth size could be K. comb, 1 The RS pattern is applied in step 1 of the first embodiment, where the comb tooth size is K. comb, 2 ,...K comb, L The RS pattern is applied to step 2 of the first embodiment.

[0195] <<Option 1>>

[0196] To achieve full-range coverage, it is preferable to use the comb tooth size K of the L comb tooth patterns RS. comb, 1 ,...K comb, L Coprime. For example, consider Examples 1 to 4 below when L=2. A comb pattern RS means a configuration pattern in which RS is configured at specific intervals in at least a portion of a specific frequency domain.

[0197] Example 1: K comb, 1 =1 (i.e., no comb teeth), K comb, 2 >=1. That is, all integers are coprime to 1.

[0198] Example 2: K comb, 2 =K comb, 1+1 (K) comb, 1 >=1). That is, adjacent integers are coprime.

[0199] Example 3: K comb, 2 =K comb, 1 +2 (K) comb, 1 >=1, K comb, 1 (where is any odd number). That is, adjacent odd numbers are coprime.

[0200] Example 4: K comb, 1 =2, and K comb, 2 It is an odd integer. That is, all odd integers are relatively prime to 2.

[0201] Furthermore, when using comb tooth sizes of 3 or more, either all comb tooth sizes can be coprime, or at least two comb tooth sizes can be coprime. The UE can also decide whether to make all comb tooth sizes coprime based on perceived requirements.

[0202] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating Example 1 of the RS pattern in the second embodiment. The comb tooth size of the first RS pattern is K. comb, 1 =1, the comb tooth size of the second RS pattern is K comb, 2 =4. Additionally, with Figure 8 Similarly, Figure 9 Box A represents the potential distance (potential location) of the target, and box B represents the correct location of the target. The same applies to the other attached figures.

[0203] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating Example 2 of the RS pattern in the second embodiment. The comb tooth size of the first RS pattern is K. comb, 1 =3, the comb tooth size of the second RS pattern is K comb, 2 =4.

[0204] Figure 11 This is a diagram of Example 3 illustrating the RS pattern of the second embodiment. The comb tooth size of the first RS pattern is K. comb, 1 =3, the comb tooth size of the second RS pattern is K comb, 2 =5.

[0205] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a combination of RS patterns according to the second embodiment. Figure 12 The diagram shows a combination (K) of coprime comb tooth sizes (where the tooth size of one comb tooth is any one of 1 to 5) that are coprime to it. comb, 1 , K comb, 2 Examples of ).

[0206] <<Option 2>>

[0207] L RS comb tooth size Kcomb, 1 , ..., K comb, L As long as they are not exactly the same, K can be any integer. That is, for any i and j, K comb, i ≠K comb, j .

[0208] A sequence of L comb patterns RS can be generated either independently or in combination.

[0209] RS combination patterns can also be generated at the OFDM symbol level (refer to the third embodiment) / slot level (method 4-4). The number L of the comb pattern RS and the set X of supported comb sizes... comb, i (K) comb, 1 , ...,K comb, L At least one combination of these can be predefined in the specification, set / instructed to the UE via signaling defined in methods 3-4, or follow the UE capability information sent by the UE.

[0210] According to this embodiment, by using a comb tooth size that is coprime RS pattern in a single measurement, fuzziness performance, resolution, and accuracy performance can be improved.

[0211] <Third Implementation Method>

[0212] The UE / base station can also use a first RS pattern (regular RS pattern) or a second RS pattern (irregular RS pattern) to determine the configuration of the sensing signal (RS) and send a signal using the first RS pattern or the second RS pattern to the target. The first RS pattern uses a specific comb size and is distributed at a certain frequency interval, while the frequency direction interval of the RS in the second RS pattern is not constant.

[0213] The third implementation can also be combined with the first and second implementations. That is, the UE / base station can also determine the configuration of the first sensing signal (RS) using the first comb tooth size (step 1), determine the configuration of the second sensing signal (RS) using the second comb tooth size which is larger than the first comb tooth size (step 2), and send the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the target. Regular RS patterns or irregular RS patterns can also be applied to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal. The first comb tooth size and the second comb tooth size can also be coprime.

[0214] <<Method 3-1>>

[0215] The frequency domain resources of L comb pattern RS in a single sensing RS are described.

[0216] Regular and irregular perceptual RS patterns can also be defined based on whether continuous REs are occupied by perceptual RSs.

[0217] The rule-aware RS pattern means that all REs in the full bandwidth have a specific comb tooth size K. comb, i A pattern that is uniformly distributed (at constant frequency intervals).

[0218] Irregularly perceived RS pattern, i.e., group-based comb tooth pattern RS and comb tooth size K. comb, i N RS, i Each RE is defined not for the entire bandwidth, but for one RB (or a portion of an RB). All REs are not uniformly distributed across the entire bandwidth.

[0219] In the frequency domain resources of a sensing RS consisting of L comb teeth RS, the following parameters can also be defined.

[0220] • The number N of RBs with RS RB, i Or the total number N of REs with RS RE, i (i=1, .., L).

[0221] • The number N of REs that sense RS in 1 RB RS, i Comb tooth size K comb, i (i=1, ..., L).

[0222] • In the case of a regular perceptual RS pattern, N RS, i K comb, i ≥12, (N) RS, i – 1)K comb, i <12 holds true. In the case of irregular perceptual RS patterns, N RS, i K comb, i <12 is established.

[0223] N RB, i N RE, i At least one of them can also be set / indicated based on methods 3-4. K comb, i and N RS, i The setting / indication is related to the sensing RS pattern. In the case of a regular sensing RS pattern, N can also be set / indicated based on method 3-4. RS, i Or comb tooth size K comb, i Any one of them. In the case of irregular sensing RS patterns, N can also be set / indicated based on methods 3-4. RS, i and K comb, i Both.

[0224] Figure 13This is a diagram representing an example of an irregular perceptual RS pattern. In an irregular perceptual RS pattern, there exist consecutive REs without RS (No RS). Figure 13 In the first symbol, the comb tooth size K is distributed in a portion of the frequency domain. comb, i The RS pattern with a value of 2, which is not configured with RS in other frequency domains, has comb tooth size K distributed throughout the full RB (full bandwidth) of the second symbol. comb, i =3 RS pattern.

[0225] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a regular perceptual RS pattern. In a regular perceptual RS pattern, RS are regularly distributed across all RBs (full bandwidth). Figure 14 In the first symbol, the comb tooth size K is distributed throughout the entire RB (full bandwidth). comb, i The RS pattern with a value of 2 has K distributed throughout the full RB (full bandwidth) of the second symbol. comb, i =3 RS pattern.

[0226] exist Figure 13 , Figure 14 In this context, the total number of REs with RS becomes N. RE, i =N RS, i N RB, i Furthermore, the effective BW becomes 12N. RB, i .

[0227] According to this method, for example, it can flexibly respond even when using irregular sensing patterns where RS is not configured in some areas, but other RS ​​are configured. Furthermore, by using regular sensing RS patterns, sensing accuracy can be improved.

[0228] <<Method 3-2>>

[0229] The combination pattern in the frequency domain of L comb patterns RS that form one sensing RS is explained.

[0230] Option 1: L comb patterns RS can also occupy the same bandwidth. In this case, although the same range resolution and accuracy can be obtained with the same bandwidth, the overhead becomes greater.

[0231] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of method 3-2. Figure 15 In the two symbols, the effective BW is the same (1RB), but the number of REs (the number of REs with sense RS) is different (6RE, 4RE).

[0232] Option 2: L comb pattern RSs can also occupy the same number of REs. In this case, the same frequency reuse can be achieved in the two comb pattern RSs. The sequence lengths of the two comb pattern RSs are the same. For example, to achieve the maximum frequency reuse rate (i.e., K) supported by the two comb pattern RSs... comb, 1 K comb, 2 Alternatively, both CDM and offset methods can be used. Furthermore, if the required frequency reuse factor is min(K)... comb, 1 , K comb, 2 Below that, the offset method can also be used.

[0233] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of method 3-2. Figure 16 In the RS of the rule, the number of REs (the number of REs with perceptual RS) is the same in two symbols (12REs), but the effective BWs are different (2RB, 3RB). Figure 16 In the irregular RS, the number of REs (the number of REs with sensing RS) is the same in 2 symbols (4REs), but the effective BW is different (8 subcarriers, 1 RB).

[0234] Option 3: L comb pattern RSs can also occupy different RE numbers and different bandwidths. In this case, the flexibility in selecting the comb size and bandwidth of the two comb pattern RSs increases. For example, if the available bandwidth in a symbol within a single time slot is different, options 1 and NR PRS may not operate, but option 3 can.

[0235] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 3 of method 3-2. Figure 17 In the rule-based sensing RS pattern, the number of REs (the number of REs with sensing RS) differs in two symbols (6RE, 8RE), and the effective bounding width (BW) also differs (1RB, 2RB). Figure 17 In the irregular sensing RS pattern, the number of REs (the number of REs with sensing RS) is different in the two symbols (3RE, 4RE), and the effective BW is also different (6 subcarriers, 1RB).

[0236] Regarding options 1-3, the UE can also be explicitly indicated, but it can also be indicated via the parameters (N). RE, i N RS, i N RB, i K comb, i (etc.) are implicitly indicated.

[0237] Variations: Frequency reuse can also be used for multiple orthogonal sensing RS ports, or in different sensing transmitters within a single cell, or allocated to neighboring cells to reduce interference. As the examples show, the frequency reuse coefficients and methods differ for options 1-3.

[0238] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern in a variation of mode 3-2. The UE / base station can also configure signals from multiple ports within a single symbol. Figure 18 In this configuration, three RS ports are configured within one symbol. In symbol 1, comb size 1 is applied; in symbol 2, comb size 3 is applied; and within one RB, the frequency domain is reused by the three RS ports. CDM can also be applied to each port.

[0239] exist Figure 18 In symbol 2, due to the offset of 3RE, the RS of port 2 is offset upwards relative to the RS of port 2 in symbol 1. Therefore, in symbol 2, the same number of RSs of ports 1 to 3 can be configured within the same bandwidth as in symbol 1.

[0240] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern in a variation of method 3-2. Figure 19 In this configuration, six RS ports are configured within one symbol. In symbol 1, comb size 2 is applied, and in symbol 2, comb size 3 is applied. Within one RB, the frequency domain is reused by the six RS ports. Alternatively, in symbol 1, CDM is applied to ports 1 and 2, and ports 3 and 4, and in symbol 2, CDM is applied to ports 1, 2, 3, and ports 4, 5, and 6.

[0241] exist Figure 19 In symbol 2, due to the offset of 6RE, the RS of port 3 is offset upwards relative to the RS of port 3 in symbol 1. Therefore, in symbol 2, the same number of RSs of ports 1 to 6 can be configured within the same bandwidth as in symbol 1.

[0242] exist Figure 18 and Figure 19 In this context, RSs in different ports can be either different types of RSs or the same type of RSs.

[0243] <<Method 3-3>>

[0244] To form one sensing RS, the frequency offset of L comb pattern RS can also be defined.

[0245] For frequency offset k offset, iLet i = 1, …, L. Consider L comb patterns RS, which can be the same or different.

[0246] In the case of a regular perceptual RS pattern, if I=1, …, L, then the frequency offset is less than (or below) the comb tooth size. That is, k offset,i ∈{0,1,…,K comb,i -1}.

[0247] Figure 20A as well as Figure 20B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a perceptual RS pattern representing the rule of mode 3-3. In Figure 20A In the code, the comb tooth size K is applied to each symbol. comb =2, offset is 1. That is, the offset in RS of each comb pattern is the same. Figure 20B In code element 1, the comb tooth size K is applied. comb =2, offset is 1. In symbol 2, the comb tooth size K is applied. comb =3, offset is 2. That is, the offset in RS is different for each comb pattern.

[0248] In the case of irregular sensing RS patterns, a portion of the RE after the comb operation is effectively occupied in order to detect RS in one RB, with a frequency shift greater than the comb size. That is, k offset, i ∈{0, 1, …, 11-(N RS, i -1)K comb, i}. Here, N RS, i This indicates the number of REs with RS within one RB.

[0249] Figure 21A , Figure 21B ,as well as Figure 21C This is a diagram illustrating an example of an irregular perceptual RS pattern, representing method 3-3. Figure 21A In code element 1, the comb tooth size K is applied. comb =2, offset is 5. In symbol 2, the comb tooth size K is applied. comb =3, offset is 0.

[0250] exist Figure 21B In code element 1, the comb tooth size K is applied. comb =1, offset is 2. In symbol 2, apply the comb tooth size K. comb =3, offset is 0. That is, the offset in RS is different for each comb pattern.

[0251] exist Figure 21C In code element 1, the comb tooth size K is applied. comb =1, offset is 8. In symbol 2, apply comb tooth size K. comb =3, offset is 0.

[0252] As mentioned above, in Figure 21A , Figure 21B ,as well as Figure 21C In the case of irregular RS configuration, the frequency offset is greater than the comb tooth size.

[0253] In options 2 and 3 of method 3-2, the two comb patterns RS occupy different effective bandwidths. In this case, the relative RB offset between the L comb patterns RS can be defined as k. offset, RB, i , …, k offset, RB, L-1 .

[0254] k offset,RB,i The range of values ​​is related to the total RB occupied by the L comb patterns RS. For example, equation (1) holds. Here, ceil((N RS, i k comb, i ) / 12) represents the number of RBs actually occupied by the i-th comb pattern RS.

[0255] [Mathematical Expression 1]

[0256]

[0257] Frequency offset k in 1 RB offset, i and relative RB offset k offset, RB, i It can be used together by regular perceptual RS patterns. In addition, in the case of irregular perceptual RS patterns, the total number of RBs occupied by L comb-shaped RSs can also be the same as option 2 of method 3-2.

[0258] Figures 22A-22D This is a diagram illustrating an example of the relative RB offset between two comb patterns RS. Figure 22A Corresponding to Option 1 of Mode 3-2 with irregular perceptual RS patterns, an example is shown where the effective bandwidth of the RS patterns of each symbol is the same and there is no relative RB offset. Figures 22B-22D Options 2 and 3, corresponding to mode 3-2 with regular perceptual RS patterns, show that the effective bandwidth of the RS patterns of each symbol is different, with examples of relative RB offset.

[0259] <<Methods 3-4>>

[0260] The relevant parameters and setting / indication signaling for sensing RS used in the frequency domain are explained.

[0261] At least one of the following parameters can also be defined for combined sensing RS in the frequency domain. The UE / base station can also receive at least one of the following parameters via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling. The parameter names are not limited to those shown below.

[0262] The number L of comb patterns RS used to form one sensing RS is given by the parameter sensingRS-ComposedRsNum.

[0263] • The perceived RS pattern (regular or irregular) of L comb patterns RS is given by the sensingRS-Pattern parameter.

[0264] • The comb tooth size K of L comb teeth RS comb, 1 , K comb, 2 , ..., K comb, L The parameter sensingRS-CombSizeN is given.

[0265] • The number N of RBs that sense RS RB, 1 , ..., N RB, L The total number N of REs perceived by RS RE, 1 , ..., N RE, L The parameter sensingRS-Bandwidth is given.

[0266] • The number N of REs detected in RS within one RB RS, 1 , ..., N RS, L The parameter sensingRS-NumRePerRB is given.

[0267] Frequency offset k offset, 1 , ..., k offset, L The value is given by the sensingRS-ReOffset parameter.

[0268] • Relative RB offset k offset, RB, i , …, k offset, RB, L The parameter is given by sensingRS-RbOffset.

[0269] The parameters of the L comb-shaped RS can be set either jointly or separately. When set jointly, for example, one parameter may correspond to multiple values ​​(e.g., two or more of the following: L, RS pattern index, comb size, number of RBs, number of REs, frequency offset, and relative RB offset). In this case, the table representing the relationship between parameters and values ​​can be defined in the specification or pre-set to the UE / base station via higher-layer signaling.

[0270] When configured separately, the BS can decide on L without notifying the UE or coordinating with the BS. The measurement / feedback / UE operations differ depending on the configuration. The timing relationships between multiple configurations can also be flexibly set.

[0271] Existing sensing methods can also be applied when only one comb pattern RS is set (i.e., L=1).

[0272] For the setting / indication parameters (related parameters) as described above that are related to this embodiment, at least one of the following signaling may also be applied.

[0273] • In gNB-to-UE dual-site sensing and UE single-site sensing, the UE can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, or from the LMF / SensingFunction (SF) via LPP.

[0274] • In the case of UE1-to-UE2 dual-site sensing, UE2 can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via side link.

[0275] • In the case of dual-site sensing of gNB1-to-gNB2, gNB2 can also receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource.

[0276] • In the case of UE-to-gNB dual-site sensing, the gNB can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0277] Changes: Some parameters can be predefined in the specification, set / indicated through the above signaling, or set according to UE capability information.

[0278] Alternatively, the frequency domain design of the third embodiment can also be applied using TDM or FDM. For example, options 1 or 2 below can also be applied.

[0279] Option 1 (TDM): By combining the OFDM symbol level combined sensing RS of the fourth embodiment and the time slot level combined sensing RS of the fifth embodiment, multiple comb pattern RS are combined in a TDM manner for one sensing RS.

[0280] Option 2 (FDM): For a single sensing RS, multiple comb pattern RSs are combined via FDM, either explicitly or implicitly. For example, the relative RB offsets of L sensing RSs satisfy koffset, RB, i ≥k offset, RB, i-1 +BW i-1 .

[0281] According to the third embodiment, the design in the frequency domain (frequency direction offset, gap, etc.) can be flexibly set, so that sensing can be appropriately implemented according to sensing requirements, etc.

[0282] <Fourth Implementation Method>

[0283] The formation and setting of a single sensing RS after combining L comb patterns RS in each time slot in the time domain are explained.

[0284] For example, the UE / base station (gNB) may also configure a first pattern sensing signal (comb pattern RS1) using a first comb tooth size and a second pattern sensing signal (comb pattern RS2) using a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size in different time domains, and send the first pattern sensing signal and the second pattern sensing signal to the target.

[0285] For example, in slot 1, at least 2 OFDM symbols can be used for L comb patterns RS. That is, L≥2, but in the following examples, the case of L=2 will be explained.

[0286] For each comb tooth pattern RS, staggered pattern and permuted staggered pattern can also be considered. Similarly, for two comb tooth patterns RS, staggered pattern and permuted staggered pattern can also be considered.

[0287] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern according to the fourth embodiment. Figure 23 The image shows an example of an RS pattern that combines comb pattern RS1 and comb pattern RS2.

[0288] For example, it shows the use of 2 or 4 comb tooth patterns RS1 (L) RS, 1 =2 or 4), 2 or 3 comb pattern RS2 (L RS, 2 Examples of staggered patterns (=2 or 3). That is, the comb pattern RS1 of the first symbol is staggered along a specific frequency direction for each symbol to form multiple (multiple symbol) RS patterns.

[0289] Furthermore, for example, it is shown that a pattern RS1 (L) using four comb teeth is employed. RS, 1 =4) and 3 comb pattern RS2 (L RS, 2=3) Permuted staggered pattern. That is, the comb pattern RS1 of the first symbol is staggered along a specific frequency direction in the next symbol, and staggered along the opposite frequency direction in the next symbol after that, and so on, to form multiple (multiple symbols) RS patterns.

[0290] Furthermore, for example, combined RS A is a direct combination of L RS, 1 =4, the comb pattern RS1 and L RS, 2 =3 is the pattern of the comb pattern RS2 with a permutation interlaced pattern. Furthermore, for example, combined RS B is the pattern of alternating L per symbol. RS, 1 =4, the comb pattern RS1 and L RS, 2 =3 is a pattern that combines the comb pattern RS2 of the permutation and interlacing pattern.

[0291] <<Method 4-1>>

[0292] The formation of a single sensing RS is explained by combining L (L≥2) comb patterns RS in each time slot in the time domain.

[0293] <<<Option 1>>>

[0294] In L comb patterns RS, consecutive OFDM symbols can also be used. In this case, L can also be defined. start, i As the initial symbol (starting position) of the sensing RS within the time slot, L RS, 1 , …, L RS, L These are respectively the dimensions of the sensed RS resources in the time domain of the L comb-tooth patterns RS. The UE can also receive the initial symbols and the settings for the dimensions of each sensed RS resource through higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0295] Figure 24A This is a diagram illustrating an example of option 1 in method 4-1. In Figure 24A In the middle, the starting positions of the comb pattern RS1 are defined respectively (l start =2), the size of the comb pattern RS1 (L) RS,1 =4) and the size of the comb pattern RS2 (L) RS,2 =3).

[0296] <<<Option 2>>>

[0297] OFDM symbols that are discontinuous in the time direction can also be used for L comb patterns RS. In this case, for example, options 2-1 or 2-2 can also be applied.

[0298] Option 2-1: L is defined respectively start, i As the initial symbol of the i-th comb pattern RS within the time slot, L RS, i The size of the sensing RS resource in the time domain of the i-th comb pattern RS. The UE can also receive the initial symbols of each comb pattern RS and the size settings of each sensing RS resource through higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0299] Compared to option 2-2, this option allows for proper setting even when the gap between adjacent comb patterns RS is not constant.

[0300] Figure 24B This is a diagram illustrating an example of option 2-1 in method 4-1. Figure 24B In the middle, the starting positions of the comb pattern RS1 are defined respectively (l start, 1 =2), the starting position of the comb pattern RS2 (l start, 2 =9), the size of the comb pattern RS1 (L) RS, 1 =4) and the size of the comb pattern RS2 (L) RS, 2 =3).

[0301] Option 2-2: can also be defined as L start As the initial symbol of the sensing RS within the time slot, L gap As the gap between adjacent comb patterns RS, L RS, 1 , …, L RS, L These dimensions serve as the time-domain dimensions of the sensing RS resources for each of the L comb patterns RS. The UE can also receive the initial symbols of the sensing RS, the gaps between adjacent comb patterns RS, and the dimensions of each sensing RS resource via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling.

[0302] When the number of comb patterns RS is large and the gap between adjacent comb patterns RS is constant, the setting parameters can be reduced compared to option 2-1.

[0303] L gap Different values ​​(L) can also be set according to the interval (gap) between each comb tooth pattern RS. gap, 1 , …,L gap, n In this case, it can be applied even when the gap between the comb tooth patterns RS is not constant.

[0304] Figure 24C This is a diagram illustrating an example of option 2-2 in method 4-1. In Figure 24C In the middle, the starting positions of the comb pattern RS1 are defined respectively (l start, 1 =2), the gap between adjacent comb tooth patterns RS (l gap=3), the size of the comb pattern RS1 (L) RS, 1 =4) and the size of the comb pattern RS2 (L) RS, 2 =3).

[0305] Compared to Option 1, Option 2 offers greater flexibility in configuring resources for the sensing RS. Furthermore, due to its longer effective duration, speed estimation performance is improved.

[0306] <<<Other>>>

[0307] Figure 25 These are diagrams illustrating other examples of method 4-1. For example... Figure 25 As in the example, L comb-shaped patterns RS can also be used alternately and combined according to each symbol.

[0308] <<Method 4-2>>

[0309] The formation of one sensing RS for each time slot using L (L≥2) comb pattern RS in the temporal domain is explained.

[0310] For time-domain resources of the sensing RS, the repetition and muting methods defined in NR PRS can also be utilized.

[0311] For example, when a sensing RS with two comb-pattern RS is used in each time slot, the UE can also receive the setting of at least one of the following through higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling: the period of the sensing RS / sensing RS resource set, the offset of the sensing RS resource / sensing RS resource set, the time slot offset of the sensing RS resource, the repetition factor, the repetition interval, and the muting repetition factor.

[0312] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an RS resource in method 4-2. For example... Figure 26 As shown, the resource index represents the index of the perceived RS resource. In resource index #1, the repetition factor is set to 2, so it is repeated twice. In addition, as mentioned above, the offset of the perceived RS resource, the offset of the perceived RS resource set, the repetition interval (resource time gap), and the period of the perceived RS resource set are set.

[0313] As Figure 26The RS pattern for resource index #1 (e.g., slots 3, 5, 13, 15) can also use an RS pattern that uses TDM on two comb pattern RS (e.g., Figure 24A ), or RS patterns using FDM (e.g., described later). Figure 27 Any one of them.

[0314] Figure 27 This is a diagram showing an example of an RS pattern for which FDM was used on two comb tooth patterns RS. Figure 27 Showing will Figure 23 The comb pattern RS1 (L) shown RS, 1 =4) and comb pattern RS2 (L RS, 2 =3) Examples of multiplexing in the frequency direction.

[0315] For example, TDM and FDM can also be used in combination. For example, in the case of four comb patterns, comb patterns RS1 and RS2 can be reused by TDM, comb patterns RS1 and RS3 can be reused by FDM, comb patterns RS2 and RS4 can be reused by FDM, and comb patterns RS3 and RS4 can be reused by TDM.

[0316] <<Method 4-3>>

[0317] The design of the muting bit pattern for the sensing RS at the OFDM symbol level is explained. The UE / base station can also determine whether to mute the sensing signal (RS) configured in a specific time domain based on the muting bit set in that specific time domain. For example, the muting bit can also be set to the UE via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling in order to mute the sensing RS, even when channels / signals other than the sensing RS are being transmitted.

[0318] <<<Option 1>>>

[0319] Each binary bit of the silent bit pattern can also be defined and used at the instance level (period) (e.g., 10 slots) of a single sensing RS resource set. The silent bit repetition factor can also be further defined at the instance level of the sensing RS resource set. The silent bit repetition factor refers to the number of times the same silent bit is repeated.

[0320] Figure 28A as well as Figure 28B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of method 4-3. Figure 28A as well as Figure 28BIn the table, resource indices #t1 and #t2 are the indices of the sending instances of the sensing RS resources, and resource indices #m1 and #m2 are the silent instances of the sensing RS resources.

[0321] Additionally, in time slots #t1 and #t2 of resource indices, the sensing RS is transmitted, while in time slots #m1 and #m2 of resource indices, the sensing RS is silenced (not transmitted). Furthermore, a silence bit of 1 indicates that no silence is performed, and a silence bit of 0 indicates that silence is performed. These definitions are also consistent in the other accompanying figures.

[0322] exist Figure 28A In the context, the silent bit pattern is [1 0], and the silent bit pattern at the instance level of the perceived RS resource set is [1 0 1 0 1 0...].

[0323] exist Figure 28B In the context, the silent bit pattern is [1 0], the silent bit repetition factor is 2, and the silent bit pattern at the instance level of the perceived RS resource set is [1 1 0 0...].

[0324] <<<Option 2>>>

[0325] Each binary bit of the silence bit pattern is defined and used for one sensing RS resource (containing one time slot of one sensing RS). The valid silence bit pattern is also repeated when considering the repetition element for the sensing RS resource.

[0326] Figure 29A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of method 4-3. Figure 29A In this context, the silent bit pattern is [0 1], the silent bit repetition factor is 2, and the silent bit pattern at the perceived RS repetition level is [0 0 1 1...].

[0327] <<<Options 1 and 2>>>

[0328] When both options 1 and 2 are set, in order to determine the final silence bit pattern, the UE can also perform a bit-based AND / OR operation on the silence bit patterns of options 1 and 2, and use the bits of the result as the silence bit.

[0329] Figure 29B This is a diagram illustrating examples of RS patterns for options 1 and 2 of method 4-3. Figure 29B In option 1, the silent bit pattern is [1 0], and in option 2, the silent bit pattern for the perceived RS repetition level is [0 0 1 1...]. That is, the application... Figure 28A silent bits and Figure 29AThe result is obtained by performing an AND operation on the silent bits.

[0330] <<<Option 3>>>

[0331] Each binary bit of a silent bit pattern can also be defined and used for a comb pattern RS of a perceptual RS resource [set].

[0332] For example, in the case where one sensing RS resource contains two comb pattern RSs, the silent bit pattern requires two binary bits. The silent bit pattern at the comb pattern RS level enables flexible selection and combination of multiple comb pattern RSs, making the two steps of the first implementation possible.

[0333] The repetition factor of the silent bit can also be further defined for at least one of the detection at the RS resource set instance level and the RS resource level. When considering the repetition factor for sensing RS resources, an effective silent bit pattern can also be repeated.

[0334] Figure 30A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 3 of method 4-3. Figure 30A In this context, the silent bit pattern is [1 0]. This means that, for example, in the time slots of resource indices #t1 and #t2, the comb pattern RS1 is used for sensing, while the comb pattern RS2 is silent (not used).

[0335] <<<Options 1 / 2 / 3>>>

[0336] Options 1, 2, and 3 can also be combined. For example, when multiple options are set for the UE, in order to determine the final silence bit pattern, bit-unit AND / OR operations can be performed on the silence bit patterns of options 1, 2, and 3.

[0337] Figure 30B This diagram illustrates an example of an RS pattern combining options 1 and 3 of method 4-3. Figure 30B In the example, the silent bit pattern for option 3 is [1 0], and the silent bit pattern for option 1 is [1 0]. An AND operation is then performed. That is, as shown... Figure 28A As shown, the instance-level silent bit pattern of the perceived RS resource set in Option 1 is [1 0 1 0], which is obtained by... Figure 30A The AND operation of the silent bits was performed, and time slots 13, 15, 16, 18, 33, 35, 36, and 38 were silenced.

[0338] Figure 30C This diagram illustrates an example of the RS pattern combining options 2 and 3 of method 4-3. Figure 30CIn the example, the silent bit pattern for option 3 is [1 0], and the silent bit pattern for option 2 is [0 1]. An AND operation is applied. That is, as shown... Figure 29A As shown, the silent bit pattern of the perceived RS repetition level in option 2 is [0 0 1 1...], which is obtained by comparing with... Figure 30A The AND operation of the silent bits silences time slots 3, 5, 13, 15, 23, 25, 33, and 35.

[0339] Figures 31A-31D This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern within a time slot in option 3 of representation 4-3. Bit "1" indicates that the corresponding sensing RS (comb pattern RS) is used, and bit "0" indicates that the corresponding sensing RS (comb pattern RS) is not used (is muted).

[0340] Right now, Figure 31A This means that the silent bit pattern is [1 0], the comb pattern RS1 is used, and the comb pattern RS2 is silent. Figure 31B This means that the silent bit pattern is [0 1], the comb pattern RS1 is silent, and the comb pattern RS2 is used. Figure 31C This means that the silent bit pattern is [1 1], the comb pattern RS1 is used, and the comb pattern RS2 is used. Figure 31D This means that the silent bit pattern is [0 0], the comb pattern RS1 is silent, and the comb pattern RS2 is silent.

[0341] <<Method 4-4>>

[0342] The relevant parameters and setting / indication signaling of the OFDM symbol level combined with the sensing RS are explained. The UE can also receive at least one of the following parameters through higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0343] The UE / base station may also receive at least one of the following parameters for time-domain pattern setting / indication.

[0344] • The initial symbol l of the sensing RS within the time slot start, 1 , …, l start, L The initial codeword and the gap between codewords l start, 1 , l gap, 1 , …, l gap, L-1 It is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSymbolOffset. In the value l start When only one is set, consecutive OFDM symbols can also be used, similar to option 1 in method 4-1.

[0345] • Size L of the perceived RS resource in the time domain RS, 1 , …, L RS, LThe parameter sensingRS-NumSymbols is given. RS, i and k comb,, i Combinations of values ​​can also be given through specific parameters.

[0346] The UE / base station may also receive at least one of the following parameters for the setting / indication of time domain resources (sets).

[0347] • Periodicity and slot offset can also be given by a single parameter, sensingRS-Periodicity-and-ResourceSetSlotOffset. Alternatively, they can be given as other parameters such as sensingRS-Periodicity and sensingRS-ResourceSetSlotOffset.

[0348] • The sensing RS resource slot offset can also be given via the sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset parameter.

[0349] • The repetition factor can also be given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor.

[0350] The silent repetition factor can also be given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor.

[0351] • The time gap can also be given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceTimeGap.

[0352] For the setting / indication parameters (related parameters) related to this embodiment as described above, at least one of the following signaling may also be applied.

[0353] • In gNB-to-UE dual-site sensing and UE single-site sensing, the UE can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, or from the LMF / SensingFunction (SF) via LPP.

[0354] • In the case of UE1-to-UE2 dual-site sensing, UE2 can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via side link.

[0355] • In the case of dual-site sensing of gNB1-to-gNB2, gNB2 can also receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource.

[0356] • In the case of UE-to-gNB dual-site sensing, the gNB can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0357] Changes: Some parameters can be predefined in the specification, set / indicated through the above signaling, or set according to UE capability information.

[0358] Variations: The parameters of the L comb patterns RS can be defined / set either publicly for multiple comb patterns RS or separately. When set separately, the BS can determine L without notifying the UE or coordinating with the BS. Different definitions / settings result in different measurement, feedback, and UE operations. The timing relationships between multiple settings can also be flexibly configured.

[0359] <Examples of Sensing RS within Sensing RS resources>

[0360] Regarding the second and third implementation methods, and methods 4-1 and 4-4, an example of mapping to physical resources for sensing RS resources is shown below. Additionally, the UE can also receive at least one of the following parameters via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling. Parameter names are not limited to those shown below.

[0361] Regarding the configured sensing RS resources, the sensing receiver (coordinating BS or UE) envisions: the sequence r of the i-th comb pattern RS. i (m) Through factor β senseRS, i It is scaled and mapped to resource elements (k, l) according to the following formula. p, u .

[0362] α k, l (p, u) =β senseRS, i r i (m)

[0363] m=0, 1, ...

[0364] k=mK comb, i +((12k offset, RB, i +k offset, i +k')modK comb, i )

[0365] l=l start, i , l start, i +1, ..., l start, i +L RS, i -1

[0366] Related to the above formula, the following conditions can also be satisfied.

[0367] • Resource element (k,l) p, u Located within the resource block occupied by the sensing RS resources configured with a sensing receiver (coordinating BS or UE).

[0368] • Symbol 1 is not used by the following SS / PBCH blocks: SS / PBCH blocks used by the serving cell for sensing RS transmitted from the same serving cell, or SS / PBCH blocks from non-serving cells. The time-frequency position of the SS / PBCH block is provided by the higher layer to the sensing receiver (coordinating BS or UE) for sensing RS transmitted from the same non-serving cell. Furthermore, in 5G-A or 6G radio sensing, as also described in the seventh embodiment, this condition can be relaxed.

[0369] • The time slot number satisfies the conditions of both method 4-2 and method 4-3.

[0370] • The comb pattern RS index i satisfies the condition of option 3 in method 4-3.

[0371] • If the i-th comb pattern RS is silenced as discussed in option 3 of mode 4-3, the above generation and mapping to physical resources are also silenced.

[0372] • Antenna port p=6000.

[0373] • The number of comb-patterns used to form one sensing RS, L≥1, is given by the parameter sensingRS-ComposedRsNum.

[0374] ·l start, 1 It is the initial symbol of the i-th comb parameter RS ​​that is sensed within the time slot, given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSymbolOffset.

[0375] • The size l of the i-th comb RS of a sensing RS resource in the time domain RS, 1 ≤K comb, i The parameter sensingRS-NumSymbols is given.

[0376] • Comb tooth size K comb, iThe parameters sensingRS-CombSizeN-AndReOffset of the RS resource are given.

[0377] • Resource RB offset K offset, RB, i It is obtained from the parameter sensingRS-RbOffset.

[0378] • Resource-Element Offset K offset, i Obtained from the sensingRS-ReOffset parameter.

[0379] •Quantity k' is designed for permutation.

[0380] <Examples of Sensing RS within Sensing RS resources>

[0381] Based on methods 4-2, 4-3, and 4-4, the following shows an example of "mapping of the sensing RS to time slots within the sensing RS resource set".

[0382] Regarding the sensed RS resources within the sensed RS resource set, a sensed receiver (coordinating BS or UE) may also be expected to transmit sensed RS resources if the slot number and frame number satisfy the following formula and at least one of the following conditions.

[0383] [Mathematical Expression 2]

[0384]

[0385] The condition is at least one of the following.

[0386] • No parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1, sensingRS-MutingOption2, and sensingRS-MutingOption3 were provided.

[0387] • The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption1 and the bitmap {b 1} are provided together, but not with bitmap {b 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2 and the bitmap {b 3 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption3, and the set bit b i 1 .

[0388] • The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption2 and the bitmap {b 2} are provided together, but not with bitmap {b 1The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1 and the bitmap {b 3 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption3, and the set bit b i 2 .

[0389] • The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption3 and the bitmap {b 3} are provided together, but not with bitmap {b 1 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1 and the bitmap {b 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2, and the set bit b i 3 .

[0390] • Provided with bitmap {b 1 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1 and the bitmap {b 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2 is provided, but it is not provided with the bitmap {b}. 3 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption3, and the set bit b i 1 and b i 2 Both.

[0391] • Provided with bitmap {b 1 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1 and the bitmap {b 3 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption3 is provided, but it is not provided with the bitmap {b}. 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2, and the set bit b i 1 and b i 3 Both.

[0392] • Provided with bitmap {b 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2 and the bitmap {b 3 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption3 is provided, but it is not provided with the bitmap {b}. 1 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1, and the set bit b i2 and b i 3 Both.

[0393] · With bitmap {b 1 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1 and bitmap {b 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2, and the bitmap {b 3 All corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption3 are provided, bit b i 1 b i 2 and b i 3 Everything is set.

[0394] Below, for bit b i 1 b i 2 b i 3 And the relevant parameters are explained.

[0395] b i 1 The bits within the bitmap are given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingOption1. K is the size of the bitmap. i is given as follows.

[0396] [Mathematical Expression 3]

[0397]

[0398] b i 2 The bits within the bitmap are given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingOption2. K is the size of the bitmap. i is given as follows.

[0399] [Mathematical Expression 4]

[0400]

[0401] b of length L i 3 The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption3 is given, b i 3It is contained in the bitmap defined for the i-th comb tooth RS of a 1 sensing RS resource. L (L≥1) is the number of comb tooth patterns RS that form a 1 sensing RS, given by the parameter sensingRS-ComposedRsNum.

[0402] Period T per sensingRS and time slot offset T offset sensingRS ∈{0,1,...,T per sensingRS -1} is given by the parameter sensingRS-Periodicity-and-ResourceSetSlotOffset.

[0403] Sensing RS resource time slot offset T offset,res sensingRS The parameter sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset is given.

[0404] Repeat factor T rep sensingRS The parameter sensingRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor is given.

[0405] Silent repetition factor T muting sensingRS The parameter sensingRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor is given.

[0406] Time gap T gap sensingRS The parameter sensingRS-ResourceTimeGap is given.

[0407] According to the fourth embodiment, the design in the time domain (time direction offset, gap, etc.) can be flexibly set, so that perception can be appropriately implemented according to the perception requirements, etc.

[0408] <Fifth Implementation Method>

[0409] <<Method 5-1>>

[0410] The time-frequency domain pattern and parameters of the slot-level composite sensing RS are described. One comb pattern RS is used in one slot, and the comb pattern dimensions are coprime.

[0411] For example, the comb pattern size K comb,1 The RS is inserted into the sensing RS resource set #1, with a comb pattern size K. comb,2The RS is inserted into the sensing RS resource set #2. Then, sensing based on RSs #1 and #2 can achieve full-range coverage with low overhead.

[0412] Regarding the time-domain pattern of L time slots, the UE can also receive at least one of the following parameters. L can also refer to the number of comb pattern RS.

[0413] • The initial symbol (offset) of the sensing RS within L time slots start, 1 , …, l start, L It is given by the parameter sensingRS-ResourceSymbolOffset.

[0414] • Size L of the perceived RS resource in the time domain RS, 1 , …, L RS, L The parameter `sensingRS-NumSymbols` is given. Additionally, `L` can also be set. RS, i , K comb, i A combination of values.

[0415] • Time gap between adjacent time slots l gap, 1 , …, l gap, L-1 The parameter sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset is given.

[0416] The parameters defined in methods 3-4 can also be used for frequency domain settings.

[0417] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern in mode 5-1. Figure 32 In this configuration, Sensing RS resource #1 is configured in time slots numbered 3, 5, 13, and 15, and Sensing RS resource #2 is configured in time slots numbered 6, 8, 16, and 18. The offset, time slot, and L value are set as shown in the diagram.

[0418] Among them, the comb tooth size (e.g., K) of RS slots numbered 3, 6, 13, and 16 com, 1 The comb tooth size (e.g., K) of RS slots 5, 8, 15, and 18. com, 2 () can also be different. For example, let's say K. comb, 1 =3, K comb, 2 =4. In addition, comb tooth size can also refer to equivalent comb tooth size, for example, it can also be the comb tooth size of an interlaced RS pattern or a comb tooth size of a replacement RS pattern.

[0419] <<Method 5-2>>

[0420] The period of the sensing RS / sensing RS resource set, the offset of the sensing RS resource set, the slot offset of the sensing RS resource, and the time interval between repetitions (repetition interval), which were described in the fourth embodiment, can also be applied in this method. It is possible to design the repetition factor and repetition pattern of the composite sensing RS at the slot level.

[0421] Option 1: It can also be repeated at the level of one comb pattern RS. For example, with a repetition factor of 2 defined, the two comb patterns RS become (comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2, comb pattern RS2) in the order of (comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2, comb pattern RS2). That is, at least one of comb pattern RS1 and comb pattern RS2 can also be sent repeatedly.

[0422] Figure 33A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for Option 1 of Method 5-2. Figure 33A In this context, the sensing RS resource #1 is configured in time slots numbered 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, and 19, and the comb tooth size (e.g., K) of the RS in time slots numbered 2, 5, 12, and 15 is... comb,1 The comb tooth size (e.g., K) of RS slots 6, 9, 16, and 19. comb,2 The timeslots can also be different. Furthermore, for example, RSs in time slots 12 and 15, and RSs in time slots 16 and 19, are repeatedly transmitted. RSs in time slots 12 and 16 are used as one sensing RS, and RSs in time slots 15 and 19 are used as one sensing RS.

[0423] Option 2: Repetition can also be performed at the level of one sensing RS (containing multiple comb pattern RS). For example, when the repetition factor is defined as 2, the two comb pattern RS become (comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2, comb pattern RS1, comb pattern RS2). That is, the combination of comb pattern RS1 and comb pattern RS2 can also be repeatedly sent.

[0424] Figure 33B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of method 5-2. Figure 33B Alternatively, it could mean that the sensing RS resource #1 is configured in time slots numbered 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 16, and 17, and the comb size (e.g., K) of the RS in time slots numbered 2, 6, 12, and 16. comb,1 The comb tooth size (e.g., K) of RS slots 3, 7, 13, and 17. comb,2 The differences are as follows. Furthermore, for example, RSs in time slots 12 and 13 use one sensing RS, and RSs in time slots 16 and 17 use one sensing RS. Repeated transmissions are performed in units of this sensing RS.

[0425] <<Method 5-3>>

[0426] The silence option for time-slot level composite sensing RS is explained. For example, in the case of transmitting channels / signals other than the sensing RS, in order to silence the sensing RS, the silence bit can also be set to the UE via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0427] <<<Option 1>>>

[0428] Each binary bit of the silent bit pattern is defined and used at the level of a single-aware RS resource set instance (e.g., 10 slots). The silent bit repetition factor can also be further defined at the level of an awareness RS resource set instance.

[0429] Figure 34A as well as Figure 34B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 1 of method 5-3. Figure 34A as well as Figure 34B In this context, resource indices #t1 and #t2 are the indices of the sending instances of the sensing RS resource, while resource indices #m1 and #m2 are the silent instances of the sensing RS resource. That is, the sensing RS is sent in the time slots of resource indices #t1 and #t2, and is silent (not sent) in the time slots of resource indices #m1 and #m2. Additionally, the comb size index #1 refers to K. comb,1 Comb size index #2 means K comb,2 For other positions, it is the same as option 1 in method 4-3.

[0430] <<<Option 2>>>

[0431] The binary bits of the silent bit pattern are not defined and used for a single time slot as in NR PRS, but rather for a single sensing RS resource containing multiple time slots of a single sensing RS (e.g., two time slots in this example). The silent bit pattern is also repeated when repeating elements are considered for the sensing RS resource.

[0432] Due to the design of the two comb pattern RS, it differs from the silent option 2 of method 4-3 in that each silent bit is used for two time slots of one sensing RS resource.

[0433] Figure 35A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 2 of method 5-3. Figure 35A In the diagram, the silent bit pattern is [0 1], the silent bit repetition factor is 2, and the silent bit pattern at the RS repetition level is [0 1].

[0434] <<<Options 1 and 2>>>

[0435] When both options 1 and 2 are set, in order to determine the final silence bit pattern, the UE can also perform a bit-based AND / OR operation on the silence bit patterns of options 1 and 2, and use the bits of the result as the silence bit.

[0436] Figure 35B This is a diagram illustrating examples of RS patterns for options 1 and 2 of method 5-3. Figure 35B In option 1, the silent bit pattern is [1 0], and in option 2, the silent bit pattern for the perceived RS repetition level is [0 1]. That is, for Figure 34A silent bits and Figure 35A The silent bits are subjected to an AND operation, and the result is applied.

[0437] <<<Option 3>>>

[0438] Each binary bit of the silent bit pattern can also be defined and used in one comb pattern RS within one time slot.

[0439] For example, in the case of two combined pattern RSs containing two time slots in one sensing RS, two binary bits are required in the silent bit pattern.

[0440] The silent bit pattern at the RS level of the comb pattern enables flexible selection and combination of multiple comb patterns RS with the two steps of the first embodiment.

[0441] The repetition factor for silent bits can also be further defined for at least one of the detection at the RS resource set instance level and the RS resource level. When considering the repetition factor for sensing RS resources, an effective silent bit pattern can also be repeated.

[0442] Figure 36 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the RS pattern for option 3 of method 5-3. Figure 36 In this context, the silent bit pattern is

[10] . Sensing. Instances of sent sensing RS resources (#t1, #t2) and instances of silenced sensing RS resources (#m1, #m2) are alternately set. Furthermore, comb size indexes #1 and #2 are alternately set. Therefore, in this example, K comb,1 The perception RS was sent, K comb,2 The perception of RS was silenced.

[0443] <<<Options 1, 2, 3>>>

[0444] In the case of multiple options being set, in order to determine the final silence bit pattern, at least one AND or OR operation can be performed on the bit units of the silence bit patterns for options 1, 2, and 3.

[0445] The iterative methods defined in options 1 and 2 of method 5-2 do not affect the options related to silence, but may affect the generation of silence bits for each option.

[0446] For example, in the case of option 1 in mode 5-2, the repeat factor is 2, and the silent bit pattern of option 3 in mode 5-3 is

[01] , the effective silent bit pattern becomes

[0011] .

[0447] In the case that the silence bit pattern of option 2 in method 5-2 is 2 and option 3 in method 5-3 is [0 1], the effective silence bit pattern becomes

[0101] .

[0448] <<Method 5-4>>

[0449] Define the relevant parameters and setting / indication signaling for the slot-level composite sensing RS. The UE / base station can also receive at least one of the following parameters via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling.

[0450] You can also define at least one of the following parameters.

[0451] The period and slot offset can also be given by a single parameter, sensingRS-Periodicity-and-ResourceSetSlotOffset. Alternatively, other parameters related to the period and offset, such as sensingRS-Periodicity and sensingRS-ResourceSetSlotOffset, can be defined.

[0452] • The sensing RS resource slot offset is given by the sensingRS-ResourceSlotOffset parameter.

[0453] • The repetition factor can also be specified via the parameter sensingRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor.

[0454] The silent repetition factor can also be given by the parameter sensingRS-MutingBitRepetitionFactor.

[0455] • The time gap can also be specified using the sensingRS-ResourceTimeGap parameter.

[0456] • The silence option and the silence bit pattern are given by at least one of the parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and sensingRS-MutingOption2.

[0457] Alternatively, any of the following conditions must be true for the parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and sensingRS-MutingOption2.

[0458] The parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and sensingRS-MutingOption2 were not provided.

[0459] • The parameters sensingRS-MutingOption1 and bitmap {b 1} are provided together, but not with bitmap {b 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2, and the set bit {b i 1}

[0460] • The parameter sensingRS-MutingOption2 and the bitmap {b 2} are provided together, but not with bitmap {b 1 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption1, and the set bit {b i 2}

[0461] • Provided with bitmap {b 1 The corresponding parameters are sensingRS-MutingOption1 and bitmap {b} 2 The corresponding sensingRS-MutingOption2 bits are set to {b} i 1} and {b i 2 Both.

[0462] For the setting / indication parameters (related parameters) associated with this embodiment as described above, at least one of the following signaling may also be applied.

[0463] • In gNB-to-UE dual-site sensing and UE single-site sensing, the UE can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, or from the LMF / SensingFunction (SF) via LPP.

[0464] • In the case of UE1-to-UE2 dual-site sensing, UE2 can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via side link.

[0465] • In the case of dual-site sensing of gNB1-to-gNB2, gNB2 can also receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource.

[0466] • In the case of UE-to-gNB dual-site sensing, the gNB can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0467] Changes: Some parameters can be predefined in the specification, set / indicated through the above signaling, or set according to UE capability information.

[0468] According to the fifth embodiment, the design in the time domain (time direction offset, gap, etc.) can be flexibly set, so that sensing can be appropriately implemented according to sensing requirements, etc.

[0469] <Sixth Implementation Method>

[0470] To implement the slot-level sensing RS of the fifth embodiment using PRS, functional enhancements to the PRS need to be designed. PRS can also be used as the sensing RS of the first to fifth embodiments described above.

[0471] For example, the base station can also configure a first pattern PRS using a first comb tooth size and a second pattern PRS using a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size in different time domains, and send the first pattern PRS and the second pattern PRS to the target. The UE can also receive the first pattern PRS and the second pattern PRS using a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size via the target in different time domains, and detect the target.

[0472] <<Method 6-1>>

[0473] A more flexible PRS pattern can also be defined based on at least one of the examples described below. This makes it possible to implement the slot-level sensing RS of the fifth embodiment using PRS.

[0474] For example, a new comb tooth size K can also be added to {1,3,7,14}. comb PRS (PRS comb tooth size). For example, it can also be set to K. comb PRS ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14}, or the maximum comb tooth size can be set to 14, so that the PRS spans all 14 OFDM symbols in one time slot. Alternatively, it can be done in K comb PRS In the range {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12}, the maximum comb tooth size is set to 12 to avoid comb teeth spanning between RBs. Alternatively, comb tooth patterns RS of {2, 4, 6, 12} can also be supported in NR PRS. Furthermore, the existing comb tooth pattern sizes in NR PRS are not coprime.

[0475] In addition to the combinations defined in NR positioning, the size L of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain can also be added. PRS <K comb PRS The new combination {L PRS , K comb PRS Additionally, in NR PRS, to generate an equivalent comb tooth size of 1, L can also be maintained. PRS ≥K comb PRS Such a requirement. In the sensing method of this disclosure, the size of the equivalent comb teeth can be greater than 1, without requiring L. PRS ≥K comb PRS Such requirements. For example, the new combination {L PRS <K comb PRS For example, it can also include {1, 2}, {1, 4}, {2, 4}, {1, 6}, {2, 6}, {3, 6}, {4, 6}, {5, 6}, etc.

[0476] K comb PRS For example, it could also be K as in the first to fifth embodiments. comb, 1 or K comb, 2 That is, K comb, 1 It can also be larger than the size L of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain of the corresponding RS pattern. PRS, 1 K comb,2It can also be larger than the size L of the downlink PRS resource in the time domain of the corresponding RS pattern. PRS, 2 .

[0477] <<Method 6-2>>

[0478] It can also be configured as a combination structure for PRS patterns of L time slots within 1 resource.

[0479] The PRS can also reuse the slot-level definition of the fifth implementation. The PRS pattern of L slots within resource 1 can be set / indicated jointly or specifically. The difference from the NR PRS structure is the slot-level resource mapping of mode 5-1 / 5-2 and the silent bit pattern of option 2 in mode 5-3.

[0480] <<Method 6-3>>

[0481] The parameters and settings used for PRS enhancement can also be defined as follows.

[0482] <<<Option 1>>>

[0483] The new comb size and combination of Method 6-1, and at least one setting of the new time slot level of Method 6-2, can also be applied to existing PRS. In other words, the same design and parameters can be used for either NR positioning or 5G-A / 6G sensing.

[0484] The relevant parameters (e.g., those defined in methods 5-1 / 5-2 / 5-3) can be set / indicated either through higher-level parameters as in NR PRS, or through sensing parameters defined in method 5-4.

[0485] When the parameters are set / indicated via higher-layer parameters, such as the NR PRS used for downlink positioning, the gNB also needs to inform the UE whether the measurement is for the UE's own positioning or for targets around the UE. For example, a new higher-layer parameter "dl-PRS-MeasureFunction" related to downlink positioning can also be added.

[0486] <<<Option 2>>>

[0487] The NR PRS function can also be defined as "target awareness" or "UE positioning". The new comb size and combination in Method 6-1 (and the existing NR PRS), and the new slot level settings in Method 6-2 are only used for the "target awareness" function. The parameter values ​​and slot settings (NR or future versions) of the PRS definition are reused for the "UE positioning" function.

[0488] In the "UE positioning" function, the higher-layer parameters and signaling defined in the NR can also be reused. For the "target awareness" function, the parameters and signaling defined in the fifth embodiment can also be considered. The function can also be set / indicated together with the relevant parameters or separately from the relevant parameters.

[0489] Some parameters (e.g., at least one combination of L, comb size, and comb tooth size) can be defined in advance by specifications, set / indicated to the UE by higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or follow UE capability information.

[0490] The parameters of the L PRS can be defined and set jointly, or they can be set separately. When set separately, the BS can determine L without notifying the UE / coordinating the BS. With different settings, at least one of the measurement, feedback, and UE operations will differ. The timing relationships between the multiple settings can also be flexibly configured.

[0491] According to the sixth embodiment, not only UE positioning but also PRS can be used for target perception. Furthermore, by allowing {L PRS <K comb PRS Such a combination can reduce the duration (i.e., delay).

[0492] <Seventh Implementation Method>

[0493] <<NR RS> >

[0494] The comb tooth size of NR RS is any one of {1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48}. For example, RS can be used for each comb tooth size as follows.

[0495] • RS with comb tooth size 1: PSS / SSS.

[0496] • RS with comb size 2: DMRS type 1, Remote Interference Management (RIM) - RS, SRS, PRS.

[0497] • RS with comb tooth size 4: CSI-RS (TRS), PRS, SRS for tracking.

[0498] • RS:PRS with comb tooth size 6.

[0499] • RS with comb tooth size 12: CSI-RS per 1RB, 1RS; PRS.

[0500] • RS with comb tooth size 24: CSI-RS with 1 RS per 2RB; PT-RS with CP-OFDM.

[0501] • RS with comb tooth size 48: PT-RS of CP-OFDM.

[0502] The available bandwidth of NR RS (from narrowband to wideband) can also be defined as follows.

[0503] • PSS / SSS: 128 subcarriers (periodic transmission and sensing).

[0504] • RIM-RS: 96RB for SCS 15kHz, 48 or 96RB for SCS 30kHz (used for periodic / aperiodic transmission and sensing).

[0505] • CSI-RS, DMRS, PT-RS, SRS: The bandwidth that activates BWP (dynamically changes based on communication requirements).

[0506] DMRS, PTRS: Opportunistic sensing (on-demand sensing. For example, DMRS corresponds to sending based on a different method than periodic / aperiodic).

[0507] PRS: 24~272 PRB (periodic / non-periodic positioning and sensing).

[0508] To achieve good sensing coverage and sensing resolution / accuracy, the comb size and available bandwidth are selected together.

[0509] • When the comb teeth of PSS / SSS are small and the bandwidth is narrow: the coverage is wide, but the accuracy is low.

[0510] • Remote Interference Management (RIM-RS): Wide sensing range, low accuracy.

[0511] • DMRS Type 1: Large distance coverage, flexible accuracy (based on poor accuracy of activated BWP, or poor accuracy).

[0512] • CSI-RS: Mid-range coverage, flexible accuracy (poor accuracy, or accuracy based on activated BWP).

[0513] • SRS, PRS: Wide coverage and high accuracy (high overhead).

[0514] To reduce the impact of sensing functions on communication systems, this study investigates how to apply existing NR RS to sensing to achieve high performance in sensing coverage and estimation resolution / accuracy.

[0515] In addition to defining new RSs in the fifth embodiment, existing NR RSs (e.g., PRS, PSS / SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, SRS, RIM-RS, etc.) can be combined to enable slot-level sensing RSs.

[0516] <<Method 7-1>>

[0517] Combinations of NR RS (PSS / SSS, CSI-RS, RIM-RS) and new sensing comb patterns RS can also be applied.

[0518] Analysis based on NR RS reveals that existing NR RS suffers from drawbacks such as small bandwidth (poor accuracy) or large comb pattern size (poor coverage). DMRS offers both good accuracy and coverage, but only supports opportunistic sensing.

[0519] To balance sensing accuracy and coverage, new comb pattern RSs can be added to different NR RSs using the same principles as the sensing method in this disclosure. For example, RSs with small comb size and narrow bandwidth, as well as new RSs with large comb size and wide bandwidth, can be jointly set for sensing, similar to PSS / SSS and RIM-RS. Alternatively, RSs with large comb size and wide bandwidth, as well as RSs with small comb size and narrow bandwidth, can also be jointly set for sensing. Sometimes, RSs used together with new RSs are called cooperative NR RSs.

[0520] Preferably, the comb tooth size of the new RS used in combination is coprime with that of the NR RS. For example, a combination of PSS / SSS / RIM-RS with new RSs having comb tooth sizes of 6, 12, or 24... can also be used. Alternatively, a combination of CSI-RS with new RSs having comb tooth sizes of 1, 2, or 4 can also be used.

[0521] The parameters of the new RS can be set / indicated separately from or together with the coordinated NR RS. The relevant parameters of the new comb pattern RS can also include at least one of the following: the index of the starting symbol, symbol size, comb size, frequency offset, and resources (bandwidth, time slot). When the new coordinated RS is set / indicated together with the coordinated NR RS, a relative offset of the new coordinated RS relative to the NR RS can also be defined.

[0522] In the case of coordinated NR RS, at least one of the following parameters can be defined and set / indicated: comb size, bandwidth, period, new functions for sensing of existing NR RS, and related measurements for sensing / communication (e.g., range, speed, angle, delay Doppler-angle mapping, etc.).

[0523] <<Method 7-2>>

[0524] Combinations of NR RS (PSS / SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, SRS, RIM-RS, PRS) with different comb tooth sizes for sensing are described.

[0525] From the perspective of reducing sensing overhead and its impact on communication systems used to meet sensing requirements, several recommended structures related to the combination of RS are described based on the configurable comb size and bandwidth of RS and the sensing method.

[0526] In the case of BS-based sensing methods (BS single-site, BS1-to-BS2, and BS-to-UE dual-site sensing), the following RS structure can also be applied. That is, the base station can also transmit the following RS, and the echo signal can be received by the base station, other base stations, or the UE.

[0527] • PSS / SSS, low-bandwidth DMRS type 1, RIM-RS, low-comb size and low-bandwidth PRS, and low-bandwidth TRS are used for full (or large) sensing coverage.

[0528] • CSI-RS, as well as PRS with large comb tooth size and large bandwidth, were used to obtain accurate performance estimates.

[0529] In the case of UE-based sensing methods (UE single-site, UE1-to-UE2, UE-to-BS dual-site sensing), the following RS structure can also be applied. That is, the UE can also send the following RS, and the echo signal can be received by the UE, other UEs, or the base station.

[0530] SRS and DMRS with small comb size and small bandwidth are used for full (or large) sensing coverage.

[0531] • To make accurate estimates, SRS with large comb teeth are used (e.g., for positioning functions).

[0532] DMRS can also be used only for opportunity-based perception.

[0533] Where more resources can be allocated to an existing RS for sensing, for example, where an RS with large bandwidth and small comb size has already been configured for communication purposes, that RS can also be used directly for sensing. Consider, for example, the following scenario.

[0534] For example, RS systems with large bandwidth, such as DMRS, PRS, SRS, and TRS, can also be used alone for sensing with good coverage and accuracy.

[0535] • PSS / SSS, RIM-RS, and CSI-RS have high coverage or high accuracy. Therefore, they can also be used in conjunction with other RS ​​systems.

[0536] In order to reuse existing RS defined in the communication system in sensing, there exists a case where the comb patterns are not coprime. In this case, the unambiguous distance (or distance coverage) is limited to RS with small comb size, and the distance estimation error is limited to RS with large bandwidth.

[0537] Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a combination of RS in representation 7-2. Figure 37 Specifically, recommended examples of combinations of NR RSs that achieve good sensing coverage / accuracy performance and low overhead are shown. The RS in A is an NR RS with small comb size and small bandwidth, achieving good coverage performance. The RS in B is an NR RS with large bandwidth and large comb size, achieving good estimation performance with low overhead. That is, a combination of RSs in A and RSs in B is recommended.

[0538] <<<Option 1>>>

[0539] In all sensing methods, the joint sensing algorithm is executed in the server, or in the case of dual-site sensing (BS1-to-UE / UE-to-BS1 / BS1-to-BS2), it is executed in BS1. The combination of multiple NR RSs is implicitly implemented, and the parameters and measurements of multiple NR RSs are set / indicated separately.

[0540] <<<Option 2>>>

[0541] In the BS1-to-BS2 scenario, the joint sensing algorithm is executed in BS2; in the BS1-to-UE scenario, the joint sensing algorithm is executed in the UE. The combination of multiple NR RSs is explicitly implemented, and the parameters and measurements of multiple NR RSs are jointly set / indicated.

[0542] <<<Option 3>>>

[0543] Regardless of the joint sensing algorithm and sensing method, the combination of multiple NR RSs is explicitly implemented, and the parameters and measurements of multiple NR RSs are set / indicated jointly or specifically.

[0544] The parameters mentioned above may also include at least the comb size, bandwidth, period, and new features of existing NR RS for sensing. The measurements mentioned above may also be used for sensing (in addition to communication), such as at least one of range, velocity, angle, delay Doppler-angle mapping, etc.

[0545] To explicitly set / indicate multiple NR RSs used for sensing, new parameters can also be defined and set / indicated. For example, a new parameter such as sensingRS-combination can be defined to represent a combination of sensing RSs, and values ​​such as {'PSS / SSS, CSI-RS', 'PSS / SSS, PRS', 'RIM-RS, CSI-RS', 'RIM-RS, PRS'} can be set.

[0546] The above parameters (related parameters) can also be set / indicated based on the perception method, as shown below.

[0547] • In gNB-to-UE dual-site sensing and UE single-site sensing, the UE can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, or from the LMF / SensingFunction (SF) via LPP.

[0548] • In the case of UE1-to-UE2 dual-site sensing, UE2 can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB via SIB / DCI / RRC / MAC CE, from LMF / SF via LPP, or from UE1 via side link.

[0549] • In the case of dual-site sensing of gNB1-to-gNB2, gNB2 can also receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from gNB1 via Xn or from LMF / SF via NRPPa for each sensing channel / signal measurement resource.

[0550] • In the case of UE-to-gNB dual-site sensing, the gNB can also measure resources for each sensing channel / signal and receive settings / instructions containing relevant parameters from the LMF / SF via NRPPa.

[0551] <Supplement>

[0552] <<Information Notification to UE>>

[0553] In the above embodiments, any information [notification from the network (NW) (e.g., base station (BS))] to the UE (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be delivered using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0554] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) that is not specified in the existing standard in the MAC subheader.

[0555] When the above notification is made through a DCI, the notification can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0556] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0557] <<Notification of Information from UE>>

[0558] The notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MACCE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0559] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0560] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0561] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0562] <<Application of Each Implementation Method>>

[0563] In the UE / BS, a specific processing / operation / control / conception / information of at least one of the above-described implementations may also be applied (used) if any one or more of the following conditions are met:

[0564] • High-level parameters are set to represent the specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above.

[0565] The specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above is determined based on associated high-level parameters.

[0566] The specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above is specified / activated / triggered via MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS.

[0567] • The report or support indicates the specific UE capability (or related to) the aforementioned specific processing / operation / control / conception / information.

[0568] The application of the aforementioned specific processing / operation / control / conception / information is judged based on specific conditions.

[0569] The specific UE capabilities mentioned above can also represent at least one of the following. Additionally, "whether to..." and "to..." can be interchanged:

[0570] • Supports the specific processing / operation / control / concept / information mentioned above.

[0571] Does the UE support a two-step RS-based sensing method?

[0572] • Does the UE support multiple settings for resources / resource sets and RS per sensing measurement?

[0573] Does the UE support reporting a single measurement result for multiple sensing and measurement structures?

[0574] Does the UE support the measurement of multiple combined pattern RS for sensing purposes?

[0575] Does the UE support the new composite sensing RS design?

[0576] Does the UE support time-slot level composite sensing RS?

[0577] Does the UE support PRS enhancements?

[0578] Does the UE support the combination, setting, and measurement of multiple NR RSs?

[0579] • Supports any comb tooth size (X) comb, i ),

[0580] • The number of supported comb patterns RS, L.

[0581] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities that apply across all frequencies (frequency-independent and common), capabilities that apply to each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities that apply to each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1)), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities that apply to each subcarrier spacing (SCS) or capabilities that apply to each feature set (FS) or each feature set per component carrier (FSPC).

[0582] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either capabilities that apply to all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities that apply to each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0583] UE / BS may also follow the operations specified in the existing 3GPP version if the above conditions are not met.

[0584] (Postscript)

[0585] The invention is described below in relation to the first and second embodiments of this disclosure.

[0586] [Postscript 1]

[0587] The terminal has:

[0588] The control unit determines the configuration of a first sensing signal using a first comb tooth size, and determines the configuration of a second sensing signal using a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size; and

[0589] The transmitting unit transmits the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the target.

[0590] [Postscript 2]

[0591] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0592] The control unit determines, based on the sensing requirement, whether to send only the first sensing signal, only the second sensing signal, or both the first and second sensing signals.

[0593] [Postscript 3]

[0594] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0595] The dimensions of the first comb teeth and the dimensions of the second comb teeth are coprime.

[0596] (Postscript)

[0597] The invention is described below in relation to the third embodiment of this disclosure.

[0598] [Postscript 1]

[0599] The terminal has:

[0600] The control unit uses a first pattern or a second pattern to determine the configuration of the sensing signal. In the first pattern, the sensing signal is distributed at constant frequency intervals using a specific comb tooth size. In the second pattern, the frequency intervals of the sensing signal are not constant.

[0601] The transmitting unit sends the sensing signal to the target.

[0602] [Postscript 2]

[0603] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0604] When the second pattern is used, a signal pattern of the first comb size is distributed in a portion of the frequency domain of the first symbol, and no signal is configured in other frequency domains. A signal pattern of the second comb size is distributed in the full frequency domain of the second symbol.

[0605] [Postscript 3]

[0606] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0607] The control unit configures signals from multiple ports in one symbol.

[0608] [Postscript 4]

[0609] The terminal as described in any of Appendix 1 to Appendix 3, wherein...

[0610] The frequency offset in the first pattern is smaller than the comb tooth size, while the frequency offset in the second pattern is larger than the comb tooth size.

[0611] (Postscript)

[0612] The invention is described below in relation to the fourth and fifth embodiments of this disclosure.

[0613] [Postscript 1]

[0614] The terminal has:

[0615] The control unit configures the sensing signal of a first pattern using a first comb tooth size and the sensing signal of a second pattern using a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size in different time domains; and

[0616] The transmitting unit transmits the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern to the target.

[0617] [Postscript 2]

[0618] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0619] The control unit determines whether to mute the sensing signal configured in the specific time domain based on a mute bit set in the specific time domain.

[0620] [Postscript 3]

[0621] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0622] The control unit performs an AND or OR operation on multiple silence bits set in a specific time domain, and decides whether to silence the sensing signal configured in the specific time domain based on the operation result.

[0623] [Postscript 4]

[0624] The terminal as described in any of Appendix 1 to Appendix 3, wherein...

[0625] The transmitting unit repeatedly transmits the sensing signal of the first pattern, the sensing signal of the second pattern, or a combination of the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern.

[0626] (Postscript)

[0627] The invention is described below in relation to the sixth and seventh embodiments of this disclosure.

[0628] [Postscript 1]

[0629] The terminal has:

[0630] The receiving unit, in different time domains, receives a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) using a first pattern with a first comb tooth size and a PRS using a second pattern with a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size via the target; and

[0631] The sending unit detects the target.

[0632] [Postscript 2]

[0633] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0634] The size of the first comb tooth is larger than the size of the PRS resource of the first pattern in the time domain, and the size of the second comb tooth is larger than the size of the PRS resource of the second pattern in the time domain.

[0635] [Postscript 3]

[0636] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0637] The receiving unit, together with the PRS of the first pattern or the PRS of the second pattern, receives at least one of the following: Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Remote Interference Management (RIM)-RS, and Tracking Reference Signal (TRS).

[0638] (Wireless communication system)

[0639] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0640] Figure 38This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (also referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to achieve communication.

[0641] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0642] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0643] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0644] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the manner shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0645] Alternatively, the wireless communication system 1 can also utilize Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). For example, a cell can be formed by one antenna / base station 10 or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. A [virtual] cell (e.g., also called a super cell) can also be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (e.g., also called sub-cells). A super cell can also be equivalent to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a sub-cell can also be equivalent to a cell with a semi-static / dynamically varying physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 can also be called a cell-free system.

[0646] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0647] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also be equivalent to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0648] In addition, user terminal 20 can also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) to communicate in each CC.

[0649] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic cable based on the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0650] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0651] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0652] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0653] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0654] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0655] In the wireless communication system 1, the downlink channel can also be a shared downlink channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), or a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) shared by each user terminal 20.

[0656] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel can also be the shared uplink channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), the uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), the random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) shared by each user terminal 20, etc.

[0657] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0658] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0659] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0660] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0661] A search space can also correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates equivalent to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0662] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0663] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0664] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, DL-RS can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

[0665] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0666] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0667] (Base station)

[0668] Figure 39 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0669] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the base station 10 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. A portion of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0670] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0671] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0672] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0673] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0674] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0675] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0676] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0677] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0678] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0679] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0680] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, and demodulate the signals of the wireless frequency band received through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 into the baseband signal.

[0681] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0682] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0683] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0684] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0685] Additionally, base station 10 can be divided into three elements: Radio Unit (RU), Distributed Unit (DU), and Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU can implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU can implement higher-level physical layer functions (from encoding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU can also implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0686] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that implement a portion of the functions of RU, DU, and CU respectively and are interconnected. In this disclosure, base station 10 may also be rewritten in relation to RU / DU / CU.

[0687] The control unit 110 can also determine the configuration of a first sensing signal using a first comb tooth size, and determine the configuration of a second sensing signal using a second comb tooth size larger than the first comb tooth size.

[0688] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the target.

[0689] The control unit 110 may also use a first pattern or a second pattern to determine the configuration of the sensing signal. In the first pattern, the sensing signal is distributed at constant frequency intervals using a specific comb tooth size. In the second pattern, the frequency intervals of the sensing signal are not constant.

[0690] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit the sensing signal to the target.

[0691] The control unit 110 can also configure the sensing signal of the first pattern using the first comb tooth size and the sensing signal of the second pattern using the second comb tooth size which is larger than the first comb tooth size in different time domains.

[0692] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit the sensing signal of the first pattern and the sensing signal of the second pattern to the target.

[0693] The control unit 110 can also configure the positioning reference signal (PRS) of the first pattern using the first comb tooth size and the PRS of the second pattern using the second comb tooth size which is larger than the first comb tooth size in different time domains.

[0694] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit the PRS of the first pattern and the PRS of the second pattern to the target.

[0695] (User terminal)

[0696] Figure 40 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, more than one of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be included.

[0697] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0698] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0699] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0700] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0701] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0702] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0703] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0704] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0705] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0706] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0707] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the transform precoding settings. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above for transmitting the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform; otherwise, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above for transmitting the channel without performing DFT processing.

[0708] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0709] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0710] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to obtain user data.

[0711] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0712] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0713] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0714] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also implement at least one of the operations of the transmitting or receiving unit described above.

[0715] Control unit 210 may also perform at least one of the operations of the control units mentioned above.

[0716] (Hardware structure)

[0717] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0718] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. Each of these, as described above, is not particularly limited in its implementation method.

[0719] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 41 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0720] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0721] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0722] The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are implemented, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via the communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0723] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0724] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0725] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0726] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., compact disc ROM, CD-ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0727] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmit / receive unit 120 (220) and transmit / receive antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmit / receive unit 120 (220) may also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmit unit 120a (220a) and the receive unit 120b (220b).

[0728] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0729] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0730] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0731] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF) can also be implemented through the functional block / hardware structure described above.

[0732] (Modified example)

[0733] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0734] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0735] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0736] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0737] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0738] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0739] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0740] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0741] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0742] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0743] A TTI with a duration of 1 ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0744] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0745] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0746] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0747] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0748] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0749] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0750] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0751] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., in this disclosure can be rewritten as "BWP."

[0752] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0753] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0754] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0755] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0756] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0757] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0758] Regarding any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) recorded in this disclosure, even if not specifically explicitly stated in the above embodiments, information representing / determining the value of such arbitrary information (or information associated with such arbitrary information) can be notified from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE).

[0759] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0760] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0761] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0762] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0763] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0764] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0765] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0766] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0767] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, resources can also include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter can also include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0768] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0769] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0770] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0771] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0772] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0773] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," "one or more spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0774] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where the terms macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to a base station.

[0775] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0776] In this disclosure, the information sent by the base station to the terminal can also be rewritten with the control / operation instructed by the base station to the terminal based on that information.

[0777] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0778] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0779] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0780] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including situations where the body is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, loading shovels, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trolleys, rickshaws, ships (including vessels and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0781] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0782] Figure 42 This figure illustrates an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a gear shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0783] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to steer at least one of the front wheel 46 and the rear wheel 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0784] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input into the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0785] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51, air pressure signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal 44 depress amount signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 56, shift lever 45 operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0786] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a vehicle navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0787] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0788] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)) and Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via a communication module 60 and implements driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0789] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) with the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and various sensors 50-58 in the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0790] The communication module 60 is controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0791] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the following to an external device: signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above that are input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on these signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0792] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 59 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received through the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0793] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. The microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and various sensors 50-58 of the vehicle 40 based on the information stored in the memory 62.

[0794] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0795] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0796] In this disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. Clearly, in a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0797] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0798] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from enhancements, modifications, creations, or specifications based on them. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0799] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0800] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0801] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0802] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0803] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain operations as making a "judgment (decision)". In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the operations described above.

[0804] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming..." can also be interchanged with "assuming not...".

[0805] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s)..." (where "..." can also be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive to, etc.) can also be interchanged with "be expected..." or "perform..." (in the case of "..." being an infinitive to "to," the verb with "to" removed). "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected..." or "does not perform..." (in the case of "..." being an infinitive to "to," the verb with "to" removed). Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect apparatus A to perform..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0806] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0807] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0808] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths having wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0809] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0810] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0811] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0812] In this disclosure, words such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow" can be interchanged, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Additionally, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "late," "wide," and "narrow" can also be interchanged as expressions accompanied by "i" (where i is any integer), not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees (e.g., "highest" can also be interchanged with "i-th highest").

[0813] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0814] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be appropriately replaced with nouns, gerunds, or other suitable expressions depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can also be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0815] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, opportunity, resource, etc., can also be overridden.

[0816] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The control unit uses a first pattern or a second pattern to determine the configuration of the sensing signal. In the first pattern, the sensing signal is distributed at constant frequency intervals using a specific comb tooth size. In the second pattern, the frequency intervals of the sensing signal are not constant. The transmitting unit sends the sensing signal to the target.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, When the second pattern is used, a signal pattern of the first comb size is distributed in a portion of the frequency domain of the first symbol, and no signal is configured in other frequency domains. A signal pattern of the second comb size is distributed in the full frequency domain of the second symbol.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit configures signals from multiple ports in one symbol.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, The frequency offset in the first pattern is smaller than the comb tooth size, while the frequency offset in the second pattern is larger than the comb tooth size.

5. A wireless communication method, which is a wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: The step of using a first pattern or a second pattern to determine the configuration of the sensing signal, wherein in the first pattern, the sensing signal is distributed at constant frequency intervals using a specific comb tooth size, and in the second pattern, the frequency intervals of the sensing signal are not constant; and The step of sending the sensing signal to the target.

6. A base station, comprising: The control unit uses a first pattern or a second pattern to determine the configuration of the sensing signal. In the first pattern, the sensing signal is distributed at constant frequency intervals using a specific comb tooth size. In the second pattern, the frequency intervals of the sensing signal are not constant. The sensing signal is sent to the target.

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