Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

One aspect of this disclosure relates to a terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) command instructing the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to transmit; and a control unit that, based on fields of the PDCCH command, determines whether to apply a path loss (PL) offset value to the PRACH transmit power calculation. According to one aspect of this disclosure, the UL transmit power can be appropriately controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving the height of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The development of successor systems to LTE is also underway (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In future wireless communication systems, research is underway to set up UL receiving points in addition to general transmitting and receiving points to extend UL coverage. Furthermore, research is being conducted on heterogeneous networks (HetNet) that utilize macro base stations (BS) (DL transmitting points) and micro BS (UL receiving points).

[0009] However, when the RS (path loss RS) used for path loss (PL) calculation is transmitted from the DL transmitting point, it becomes unclear how to determine the PL value or PL offset value for the UL receiving point (or micro-BS) in the case of UL transmission by the terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)). If the PL value or PL offset value cannot be determined correctly, there is a concern that the UL transmission power cannot be properly controlled.

[0010] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately control the UL transmission power.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] The terminal involved in one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by having: a receiving unit that receives a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) command that instructs the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to be transmitted; and a control unit that, based on the fields of the PDCCH command, determines whether to calculate and apply a path loss (PL) offset value to the transmission power of the PRACH.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the UL transmit power can be appropriately controlled. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1A This is a diagram illustrating a typical configuration example of a transmit and receive point. Figure 1B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a UL high-density configuration.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the DL / UL coverage of a heterogeneous network (HetNet).

[0017] Figure 3AThis is a diagram illustrating an example of the association between RS indexes and PL values. Figure 3B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the association between the RS index and the deltaPL value.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of Option 1 in a UL high-density configuration.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of Option 2 in the UL high-density configuration.

[0020] Figure 6A This is a diagram showing the first setting method for the PL value or PL offset of option 1-1. Figure 6B This is a diagram showing the second setting method for the PL value or PL offset of option 1-1.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing an example of the PL offset value for option 1-1.

[0022] Figure 8A This is a diagram showing the first setting method for the PL value or PL offset of options 1-2. Figure 8B This is a diagram showing the second method for setting the PL value or PL offset for options 1-2.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing an example of the PL offset values ​​for options 1-2.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing an example of the DCI code points and PL offset values ​​in option 2-2.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0028] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0030] (TCI, Spatial Relations, QCL)

[0031] In NR, research is being conducted on the reception processing (e.g., at least one of receiving, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and transmission processing (e.g., at least one of transmitting, mapping, precoding, modulation, and encoding) of at least one of control signals and channels (referred to as signal / channel) in the UE based on the Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state).

[0032] TCI states can also represent the TCI states of signals / channels applied to the downlink. The equivalent TCI states of signals / channels applied to the uplink can also be described as spatial relations.

[0033] TCI status refers to information related to the quasi-co-location (QCL) of a signal / channel, and can also be referred to as spatial reception parameters, spatial relation information, etc. TCI status can also be set for the UE on a per-channel or per-signal basis.

[0034] QCL refers to an indicator representing the statistical properties of a signal / channel. For example, it can also mean that, given a QCL relationship between a signal / channel and other signals / channels, it can be assumed that at least one of the following is the same (QCL): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial Rx parameter).

[0035] Additionally, the spatial reception parameters may also correspond to the UE's receive beam (e.g., receive analog beam), and the beam may also be determined based on the spatial QCL. The QCL (or at least one element of the QCL) in this disclosure may also be rewritten as sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0036] A QCL can also be specified with multiple types (QCL types). For example, four QCL types, or types AD, can be set, in which the same parameters (or parameter sets) can be assumed to be different.

[0037] The assumption that a UE envisions a relationship between a Control Resource Set (CORESET), channel, or reference signal and other CORESETs, channels, or reference signals in a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) is called a QCL assumption.

[0038] The UE may also determine at least one of the transmit beam (Tx beam) and receive beam (Rx beam) of the signal / channel based on the TCI state or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0039] The TCI state can also be, for example, information related to the QCL between the target channel (in other words, the reference signal (RS) used by the channel) and other signals (e.g., other RSs). The TCI state can also be set (indicated) by higher-layer signaling, physical-layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0040] Physical layer signaling can also be, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0041] The channel that is set (specified) to TCI state or spatial relationship can be, for example, at least one of the following: downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH))), downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH))), uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH))), and uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH))).

[0042] Furthermore, the RS that is related to the channel as QCL can be at least one of the following: a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Measurement Reference Signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a Tracking CSI-RS (also known as a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)), or a QCL Detection Reference Signal (also known as a QRS).

[0043] An SSB is a block of signals that includes at least one Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)). An SSB can also be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0044] The RS of QCL type X in TCI state can also refer to the RS that is in a relationship of QCL type X with a certain channel / signal (DMRS), and the RS can also be called the QCL source of QCL type X in TCI state.

[0045] (Scenario 1: UL high-density configuration (UL's TRP only))

[0046] In Rel.15 NR, the coverage (distance to reach) of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH is not equal. Particularly at higher frequencies, PUSCH coverage is limited. In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel.18, Rel.19, or later), efforts are underway to improve at least one of UL coverage and UL throughput.

[0047] To expand UL coverage, it is being investigated to install UL receiving points in addition to regular transmitting and receiving points. Therefore, configuration examples of regular transmitting and receiving points and configuration examples of UL receiving points (UL high-density configuration) will be described.

[0048] Figure 1A This is a diagram illustrating a typical configuration example of a transmit and receive point. Figure 1AIn this process, the UE receives the DL signal from the transmission / reception point (TRP) and sends the UL signal to the TRP. For example, if the UE is far from the TRP, the path loss is large, raising concerns about reduced communication quality.

[0049] Figure 1B This diagram illustrates an example of a high-density UL configuration. To expand UL coverage, research is underway on other methods besides... Figure 1A In addition to the DL sending point shown, other settings such as Figure 1B The UL receiving point is shown. In Figure 1B In this context, the UE receives DL signals from the DL transmission point (TRP / central TRP / DL TRP / macro TRP) corresponding to the macro cell, and transmits UL signals to the UL receiving point (e.g., a receiving point with lower path loss / received power). However, the UE can also transmit UL signals to the DL transmission point.

[0050] By using, for example Figure 1B Such a high-density UL configuration, and like Figure 1A Compared to a typical configuration, this reduces path loss, improves UL signaling quality, and achieves a higher coding rate, thereby improving both coverage and UL data rate. Furthermore, since the UL receiver primarily performs reception, it requires fewer functionalities (such as power amplifiers) and is less expensive than a typical small cell transmitter / receiver, making deployment and management much easier.

[0051] (Scenario 2: Decoupling of DL TRP and UL TRP in HetNet)

[0052] In this disclosure, heterogeneous networks (HetNet) that utilize macro base stations (BS) (DL TRP) and micro base stations (ULTRP) can also be applied. Figure 2 In a typical HetNet, macro and micro base stations (BSs) have different transmit powers. Furthermore, the optimal deep coverage (DL) and optimal ultra-low (UL) coverage differ. For example, DL coverage is determined by RSRP (Receiving Range Reduction Ratio), while UL coverage is determined by path loss (PL).

[0053] exist Figure 2In this example, the UE is included within the optimal DL coverage area of ​​the macro BS and the optimal UL coverage area of ​​the micro BS. In this case, the UE can receive DL from the macro BS and send UL to the micro BS. However, the UE can also send a portion of the reference signal / channel to the macro BS (e.g., an SRS used for DL ​​CSI acquisition, used for antenna switching (AS)). Therefore, in this scenario, the UE may require two TAs. Additionally, since the AS's SRS is used for channel reciprocity, based on the SRS reception, the base station (macro BS) performs DL CSI measurements (e.g., makes DL MIMO precoder decisions), and this SRS is sent to the macro BS. On the other hand, since the SRS used for codebook / non-codebook purposes is used for PUSCH precoder / beam determination, this SRS is sent to the micro BS.

[0054] In HetNet, even if a micro-BS has DL transmission capability, keeping DL off most of the time can conserve the micro-BS's energy. In this case, the micro-BS functions the same as a UL-only TRP (UL receiver point).

[0055] (Transmit power control)

[0056] <PRACH Transmit Power Control>

[0057] The actual transmit power of the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is determined based on the target preamble reception power, the path loss of the RS, and the maximum output power limit.

[0058] Based on the DL RS of serving cell c within transmission timing i, the UE determines the (actual) transmit power P of the PRACH on the active UL BWP b of serving cell c, as follows: PRACH,b,f,c (i).

[0059] [Number 1]

[0060]

[0061] P CMAX,f,c(i) It is the maximum output power set for the UE for the carrier f of the serving cell c within the transmission timing i. PRACH,target,f,cThis refers to the PRACH target received power (PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER) provided by higher layers for the activation of the UL BWP b on carrier f of serving cell c. b,f,c The path loss of the active UL BWP b for carrier f is calculated by the UE as (reference signal power (SS-PBCH-Block Power) [dBm] - higher layer filtering RSRP [dBm]) [dB] based on the PRACH transmission on the active DL BWP of serving cell c. If the active DL BWP is the initial DL BWP and is used for multiplexing mode 2 or 3 of SS / PBCH block and CORESET, the UE determines the PL based on the SS / PBCH block associated with the PRACH transmission. b,f,c .

[0062] The DL RS used for path loss calculation can also be called path loss (PL)-RS, path loss reference RS, etc.

[0063] In the existing RACH process, if the UE sends a PRACH, it will not receive the network's RAR or contention / conflict resolution Msg4 within a specific time window. If the random access process is not completed, the UE will resend the PRACH after the random backoff time.

[0064] When the PRACH transmission from the UE is not in response to the detection of a PDCCH command made by the UE, or when the PRACH transmission from the UE is in response to the detection of a PDCCH command made by the UE that triggers a contention-based random access procedure, and when the PRACH transmission from the UE is associated with the link recovery procedure, wherein the corresponding index (candidate beam index q_new) in the link recovery procedure is associated with the SS / PBCH block, referenceSignalPower is provided through ss-PBCH-BlockPower.

[0065] When a PRACH transmission from a UE is a response to the detection of a PDCCH command performed by the UE in response to a Contention-Free Random Access procedure, and the PRACH transmission is on the serving cell, the referenceSignalPower is provided by the corresponding ss-PBCH-BlockPower according to the quasi-collocated DLRS of the PDCCH command's DM-RS; or when the PRACH transmission is on a non-serving cell, the referenceSignalPower is provided by the corresponding ss-PBCH-BlockPower according to the indicated SS / PBCH block.

[0066] When the UE sets resources to receive periodic CSI-RS reception, or when the PRACH transmission and link recovery process are associated, and the corresponding index (candidate beam index q_new) is associated with the periodic CSI-RS setting, referenceSignalPower is obtained through ss-PBCH-BlockPower and powerControlOffsetSS. Here, powerControlOffsetSS provides the offset of CSI-RS transmission power for SS / PBCH block transmission power.

[0067] If powerControlOffsetSS is not provided to the UE, the UE assumes an offset of 0dB. If the active TCI state of the PDCCH providing the PDCCH command contains two RSs, the UE expects one RS with qcl-Type set to "typeD" to be set, and the UE uses the RS provided by powerControlOffsetSS if the value is applied.

[0068] (Receive path loss (PL))

[0069] The UE can also receive first information via DL signaling, which represents the path loss (PL) estimated and notified (sent) by the network for Transmission Power Control (TPC). This DL signaling can also be at least one of higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC CE) or physical-layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0070] The UE can also use the received path loss (PL). b，f，c (q) d ), PL b，f，c), calculate the UL signal transmission power for the receiving point that does not transmit downlink data (e.g., the transmission power of PRACH in equation (1) (P PRACH，b，f，c (i)).

[0071] [Option 1] The absolute path loss (PL) value [dB] for each RS index can also be notified (sent) to the UE from the network. The UE can also use the notified absolute path loss value directly in the calculation of transmit power.

[0072] [Option 2] The relative path loss (delta PL) value (PL difference) [dB] for each RS index can also be notified (sent) to the UE from the network. The UE can also use the path loss value obtained by applying (increasing or decreasing) the received PL difference to the previous path loss value estimated based on the DL RS sent from the macro cell (central TRP) for the calculation of transmission power.

[0073] The PL value / PL difference in options 1 and 2 can also be calculated using q. d Each index of the / SSB / CSI-RS / SRS resource / SRS resource set is notified / set. One or more RS indices and the corresponding PL value / PL difference for each RS index can also be notified via DL signaling. The PL value / PL difference can also be rewritten as PL parameter / delta PL parameter (PL difference parameter).

[0074] Figure 3A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the association between RS indexes and PL values. Figure 3B This is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the RS index and the PL difference. The relationship (correspondence) between the RS index and the PL value / PL difference is not limited to... Figure 3A , Figure 3B For example, there could be an RS index and multiple PL values / PL differences. Additionally, the quantization table (range and steps) for PL values / PL differences can be predefined in the specification. The notified PL value / PL difference can also be a quantized value or an index of a quantized value.

[0075] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates an example of Option 1 in a high-density UL configuration. The UL receiver receives / measures the UL signal. With the DL transmitter (macro TRP / gNB) knowing the transmit power of the UL signal, the DL transmitter can determine the accurate PL value of the UL receiver. In this case, the DL transmitter can inform the UE of the absolute PL value (X [dB]) of the UL receiver.

[0076] Figure 5This diagram illustrates an example of Option 2 in a high-density UL configuration. When both the DL transmitting point (macro TRP / gNB) and the UL receiving point measure the same resources, the DL transmitting point can identify the difference in PL between the DL transmitting point and the UE, and the difference in PL between the UL receiving point and the UE. In this case, the DL transmitting point can also inform the UE of this difference (relative PL / delta PL (PL difference)). The relative PL / delta PL can also be referred to as the PL offset.

[0077] As described above, even if the UE is not notified of the DL RS (RS index) used in the path loss estimation, it can still use the notified PL value / PL difference to calculate the transmit power.

[0078] <PRACH's PL settings>

[0079] The UE can also control the transmission power when sending PRACH to the UL receiving point based on the set (received) PL value. When the UL is PRACH, the UE can send PRACH to the UL receiving point while in RRC connected state. In this case, the UE can also control the PRACH transmission power based on the set PL value. Therefore, the UE can also determine the PRACH transmission power control based on the set PL value or the RRC setting relative to the (delta) PL value.

[0080] The PRACH settings in this disclosure may also refer to the PRACH-related settings in RRC / MAC CE / DCI.

[0081] [Option 1]

[0082] The TCI status can also be set according to each setting of the PRACH resource / PRACH.

[0083] [Option 2]

[0084] The PL value or relative (delta) PL can also be set to the UE according to each setting of PRACH.

[0085] In the case of a PDCCH command to PRACH, for example, a 1-bit reserved field in the DCI can also indicate which of the PL values ​​or relative (delta) PL values ​​is applied to the triggered PRACH. In this case, the DCI can also indicate that the PRACH is being sent to the UL receiving point.

[0086] When the above field is 0, the UE can also measure PL based on the set PL RS. When the above field is 1, the UE can also use the PL value associated with the UL receiving point or the relative (delta) PL value to control the UL (PRACH) transmit power.

[0087] (analyze)

[0088] As mentioned above, research is underway to set up UL receiving points in addition to general transmitting and receiving points in order to expand UL coverage. Furthermore, research is being conducted on heterogeneous networks (HetNet) that utilize macro base stations (BS) (DL transmitting points) and micro BS (UL receiving points).

[0089] However, when the RS (path loss RS) used for path loss (PL) calculation is transmitted from the DL transmitting point, it is unclear how the PL value or PL offset value for the UL receiving point (or micro-BS) is determined when the UL is transmitted from the terminal (user terminal, user equipment (UE)). If the PL value or PL offset value cannot be determined correctly, there is a concern that the UL transmission power cannot be properly controlled.

[0090] Therefore, the inventors of this invention conceived of a method for appropriately controlling the UL transmission power.

[0091] (Various rewrites, etc.)

[0092] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods involved in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0093] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0094] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0095] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) elements (MAC ControlElement (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0096] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, any one or a combination of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, etc. from the core network)).

[0097] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), a Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0098] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0099] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. In this disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0100] In this disclosure, the following terms are used: panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, uplink (UL) transmitting entity, transmission / reception point (TRP), base station, spatial relation information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS resource indicator (SRI), control resource set (CORESET), physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), codeword (CW), transport block (TB), reference signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) port, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, physical uplink control channel). Channel (PUCCH) groups, PUCCH resource groups, resources (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources), resource sets (e.g., reference signal resource sets), CORESET pools, downlink transmission configuration indication states (TCI states) (DL TCI states), uplink TCI states (UL TCI states), unified TCI states, common TCI states, quasi-co-location (QCL) and QCL concepts can also be rewritten.

[0101] In this disclosure, the terms drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate matching, postpone, and do not send can also be rewritten.

[0102] In this disclosure, the following can also be rewritten as: single TRP, channel / signal using single TRP, channel using one TCI state / spatial relationship, multiple TRP not activated by RRC / DCI, multiple TCI states / spatial relationships not activated by RRC / DCI, CORESET pool index (CORESETPoolIndex) value not set to 1 for any CORESET and no code point of TCI field mapped to two TCI states.

[0103] In this disclosure, the following can also be rewritten as: multiple TRP, channel / signal using multiple TRP, channel using multiple TCI state / spatial relationships, multiple TRP activated by RRC / DCI, multiple TCI state / spatial relationships activated by RRC / DCI, multiple TRP based on single DCI, and at least one of multiple TRP based on multiple DCI.

[0104] In this disclosure, the following can also be rewritten as: single DCI (sDCI), single PDCCH, multi-TRP system based on single DCI, MTRP based on sDCI, and two TCI states on at least one TCI code point being activated.

[0105] In this disclosure, the following can also be rewritten: multiple DCI (mDCI), multiple PDCCH, multiple TRP system based on multiple DCI, MTRP based on mDCI, two CORESET pool indices or CORESET pool index = 1 (or a value greater than 1) are set.

[0106] UL receivers can also be connected to a TRP (e.g., a base station) or core network via wired or wireless means. UL receivers can also function as a network (NW) or base station. UL receivers can transmit downlink (DL) signals (e.g., PL values) and can also be used as base stations forming macrocells. For example, a UL receiver can also transmit control signals / channels instead of downlink data.

[0107] In this disclosure, the base station, UL receiving point, UL TRP, UL-only TRP, and micro BS can be interchanged. The UL receiving point can either perform UL reception only or perform DL transmission under certain conditions.

[0108] In this disclosure, the base station, DL transmitting point, DL TRP, DL-only TRP, macro BS, and central TRP can be interchanged. The DL transmitting point can either perform DL transmission only or perform UL reception under certain conditions.

[0109] In this disclosure, UL high-density configuration, distributed TRP mode, separated location mode for transmitting / receiving points, distributed transmitting / receiving mode, separated TRP mode, TRP type 1, TRP type 2, TRP type A, and TRP type B can also be rewritten to each other.

[0110] In this disclosure, it may also be based on multiple TRPs with multiple DCIs, multiple TRPs with a single DCI, or at least one of the above scenarios 1 or 2.

[0111] In this disclosure, the settings being set and the settings being received (setting information) can also be overwritten.

[0112] In this disclosure, TCI status, TCI status ID, TCI status list / set / pool / group, and TCI status list / set / pool / group ID can also be overwritten.

[0113] In this disclosure, absolute PL, path loss (PL), PL value, and PL parameter can be interchanged. In this disclosure, relative PL, delta PL (PL difference), PL offset, PL offset value, and P... O The offsets of α, power / power density [xdBm], path loss (PL), PL value, and PL parameters can also be rewritten. In this disclosure, PL, PL value, PL RS (PL-RS), and PL RS ID can also be rewritten.

[0114] In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, TRS, tracking CSI-RS, CSI-RS with TRS information (high-level parameter trs-Info), and NZP CSI-RS resources within the NZP CSI-RS resource set with TRS information can also be rewritten to each other.

[0115] In this disclosure, the PDCCH command and DCI can be interchanged. The PDCCH command can also refer to a PDCCH sent to the PRACH of ULTRP.

[0116] (Wireless communication method)

[0117] <Empirical Implementation>

[0118] In this disclosure, the two TAs used in the PRACH command of M-TRP and PDCCH using M-DCI can also be set as prerequisites.

[0119] As a PL-RS for PRACH, the following (1) or (2) is being investigated.

[0120] (1) Using the SSB indication of the PDCCH command (indicating the index of the SS / PBCH used to determine the RACH opportunity for PRACH transmission when the values ​​of the random access preamble index are not zero).

[0121] (2) Use the indicated TCI (TCI status ID, RS corresponding to the TCI) for the target TRP. In this case, assume that the TCI status ID is represented by the PDCCH command.

[0122] [Implementation Method 0-1]

[0123] When a UE receives a PDCCH command, and the PDCCH command indicates a TCI state, the PL value or PL offset value associated with the indicated TCI state can also be used for the PL calculation of the PRACH. In this case, the TCI state can also be set according to each setting of the PRACH resource / PRACH.

[0124] [Implementation Methods 0-2]

[0125] When a UE receives a PDCCH command, and the PDCCH command indicates an SSB / CSI-RS index, the PL value or PL offset value associated with the indicated SSB / CSI-RS can also be used for the PL calculation of the PRACH. In this case, the PL value or PL offset value can also be set to the UE for each PRACH setting (e.g., based on RRC signaling settings).

[0126] [Implementation Methods 0-3]

[0127] When PRACH is sent to the UL TRP, implementation methods 0-1 / 0-2 can also be applied. The PDCCH command can also include explicit bits indicating whether PRACH is sent to the UL TRP. The UE can also have its PL value or PL offset value set by RRC signaling for each TCI state or SSB / CSI-RS. When the PL value or PL offset value is set, it means that the associated TCI state or SSB / CSI-RS is associated with the UL TRP to which the PRACH is sent.

[0128] <First Implementation>

[0129] The UE can also receive setting information for the PRACH PL value or PL offset value sent to the UL Receive Point (UL TRP) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, and control the PRACH transmission power based on this setting information. This implementation can also be combined with Option 2 in the above-mentioned <PRACH PL setting>. For example, the setting of the PL value or PL offset value can also be included in the RRC information element (e.g., ServingCellConfigCommon / ServingCellConfig / BWP / PRACH-Config / PDSCH-Config, etc.). The set PL value or PL offset can be used only for PRACH, or for all / part of PRACH / PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. The RRC information element can also be an information element other than the TCI-State information element.

[0130] [Option 1-1]

[0131] In the configuration information, the PL value or PL offset value of PRACH can also be set to only one value (a common value) for all the SSB / TCI states that are configured.

[0132] Figure 6A This is a diagram showing the first setting method for the PL value or PL offset of option 1-1. Figure 6A In the example, the set PL value or PL offset value is only used for PRACH. In this case, the method described above in <Setting the PL of PRACH> can also be applied in determining the PL value or PL offset value of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. The PL value or PL offset value of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS can also vary for each SSB / TCI state. Figure 6A The PL offset value can also be rewritten as the PL value.

[0133] Figure 6B This is a diagram showing the second setting method for the PL value or PL offset of option 1-1. Figure 6B In the example, the set public PL value or PL offset value is applied to PRACH / PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Figure 6B The PL offset value can also be rewritten as the PL value.

[0134] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing an example of the PL offset value for option 1-1. In Figure 7 The example shown is a PL offset value of 10dB, but other values ​​are also possible. This PL offset value can also be set for all SSB / TCI states. Alternatively, a PL value can be set instead of a PL offset value.

[0135] The UE can also decide whether to use the PL value or PL offset value for PL adjustment in ULTRP (PRACH transmit power control) based on explicit indications in the PDCCH command. For example, the UE can also not apply the PL value or PL offset value when the indicated bit field is 0, and apply the PL value or PL offset value when the indicated bit field is 1.

[0136] The UE can also determine whether to use the PL value or PL offset value for PL adjustment to UL TRP (PRACH transmit power control) based on the indication of the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI status ID in the PDCCH command. For example, the UE can also apply the PL value or PL offset value when indicated by SSB#0-31, and not apply the PL value or PL offset value when indicated by SSB#32-63 (or apply the PL value).

[0137] Alternatively, a common value can be set for all SSB / CSI-RS / TCI states. Therefore, it is also possible for the UE to receive an additional indication of which SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state applies the set PL value, and based on the additional indication, determine which SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state applies the set PL value.

[0138] The set PL value / PL offset value in this disclosure can also be used to calculate PL only when the UE sends a signal to the UL TRP (if PL-RS represents another TRP). When sending a signal to other TRPs, the UE can also calculate PL regardless of the set PL offset value in this disclosure.

[0139] Alternatively, both the PL value and the PL offset value can be set through the RRC information element, and the indication of whether to use the PL value or the PL offset value is contained in the PDCCH command.

[0140] [Options 1-2]

[0141] In the configuration information, the PL value or PL offset value of PRACH can also be set to a value (separate value) for each of the SSB / TCI states being configured. That is, a list of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​for SSB / TCI states can also be configured.

[0142] Figure 8A This is a diagram showing the first setting method for the PL value or PL offset of options 1-2. Figure 8AIn the example, the list of set PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​can also be used only for PRACH. In this case, the method described above in <Setting the PL of PRACH> can also be applied in determining the PL value or PL offset value of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. The PL value or PL offset value of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS can also vary for each SSB / TCI state. Figure 8A The PL offset value can also be rewritten as the PL value.

[0143] Figure 8B This is a diagram showing the second method for setting the PL value or PL offset for options 1-2. Figure 8B In the example, the list of set PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​is publicly applied to PRACH / PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Figure 8B The PL offset value can also be rewritten as the PL value.

[0144] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing examples of PL offset values ​​for options 1-2. (Example) Figure 9 As shown, the PL offset value can also be defined for each SSBID / TCI state ID. The UE can also determine each PL offset value based on the set SSB ID / TCI state ID. Alternatively, a PL value can be set instead of each PL offset value.

[0145] The UE can also decide whether to use the PL value or PL offset value for PL adjustment in ULTRP (PRACH transmit power control) based on explicit indications in the PDCCH command. For example, the UE can also not apply the PL value or PL offset value when the indicated bit field is 0, and apply the PL value or PL offset value when the indicated bit field is 1.

[0146] The UE can also determine whether to use a PL value or PL offset value for PL adjustment to the UL TRP (PRACH transmit power control) based on the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state ID indicated by the PDCCH command. For example, a PL value or PL offset value corresponding only to a portion of the SSB / TCI states can also be set. For example, the PL value or PL offset value can also be set only for SSB#0-31. The UE can also apply the PL value or PL offset value when indicated by SSB#0-31, and not apply the PL value or PL offset value when indicated by SSB#32-63.

[0147] The set PL values / PL offset values ​​(list) in this disclosure can also be used to calculate PL only when the UE sends a signal to the UL TRP (if PL-RS represents another TRP). When sending a signal to other TRPs, the UE can also calculate PL regardless of the set PL offset values ​​in this disclosure.

[0148] Alternatively, both the PL value and the PL offset value (a list of PL values ​​and PL offset values) can be set through the RRC information element, indicating whether to use the PL value or the PL offset value is contained in the PDCCH command.

[0149] According to the first embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine the PL offset value used in the transmission power of the PRACH.

[0150] <Second Implementation>

[0151] The number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​set for PRACH (i.e., the number of UL TRPs) is explained. For PL-RS (DL TRPs), there may be one or more UL TRPs. Therefore, the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​set may be one or more.

[0152] [Option 2-1]

[0153] For each SSB / CSI-RS / TCI status ID, different PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​(a set of PL values ​​or PL offset values) can also be associated (same as options 1-2). That is, the same number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​as the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI status ID can also be set.

[0154] [Option 2-2]

[0155] The UE can also receive a PDCCH command (instructing the PRACH to send a DCI) containing multiple bits indicating which PL offset value is applied. In option 2-2, the PL offset value can also be rewritten as the PL value.

[0156] The PDCCH command can also include bits representing the PL offset value. The number of bits (X bits) can be fixed (e.g., X=2) or variable depending on the set PL value or PL offset value. For example, the number of bits can also be log 2 (Y) bits, where Y is the set PL value or PL offset value.

[0157] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing an example of the DCI code points and PL offset values ​​in option 2-2. Figure 10In the example, 2 bits of DCI code points are allocated for the 4 PL offset values. Alternatively, PL values ​​can be set.

[0158] The PL offset value for DCI code points can be either fixed or can be changed via higher-layer signaling (such as RRC / MACCE).

[0159] The UE may also report the maximum number of PL offset values ​​set for each SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state as UE capability information.

[0160] According to this disclosure, the UE can use an appropriate PL value or PL offset value.

[0161] <PRACH's PL-RS>

[0162] In the case of PDACCH command PRACH, the following (1) and (2) apply to how the UE determines the associated DL RS (PL-RS corresponding to PRACH).

[0163] (1) In Rel.15, the PL-RS of PRACH uses the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command (i.e., the QCL source RS of PDCCH).

[0164] (2) In Rel.18, when two TAs are applied, the 1-bit indicator field of the PDCCH command indicates which of the following 2-1 and 2-2 is applied.

[0165] (2-1) As the PL-RS of PRACH, use the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command (i.e., the QCL source of PDCCH) (same as option 1).

[0166] (2-2) As the PL-RS of PRACH, use the SSB indication (SS / PBCH index) of the PDCCH command.

[0167] Alternatively, if the PRACH is sent to the TRP of the sending source of the PDCCH command, use 2-1; otherwise, use 2-2.

[0168] The PDCCH command can also support only Contention-Free Random Access (CFRA). That is, the SSB index of the PDCCH command can be indicated only for CFRA; if the PDCCH command triggers Contention-Based Random Access (CBRA), the preamble index and SSB index are not indicated. In the case where two TAs are applied in an M-TRP, if the base station (gNB) wants to acquire a second TA for a second TRP, the SSB index is indicated to confirm that the PRACH transmission is directed to the second TRP.

[0169] <Third Implementation Method>

[0170] The UE can also receive PDCCH commands instructing PRACH transmission (e.g., PDCCH commands instructing PRACH transmission to the UL receiving point), and based on the fields of the PDCCH command, determine whether to apply the PL offset value to the PRACH transmission power calculation. In the case of PDCCH commanding PRACH, at least one of the following options can be used to determine which PL offset value (PL value / PL offset value if PL-RS is not set) to apply to PRACH (or whether it should not be applied).

[0171] In this disclosure, PL-RS can also be a DL RS (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS / TRS) used to calculate the aforementioned PL b, f, c. In this disclosure, the PL offset value and the PL value can also be interchanged. The DL / UL receiver point and the DL / UL TRP can also be interchanged.

[0172] [Option 3-1]

[0173] Option 3-1 explains the case of using the Rel.15 PDCCH command (the case where the Rel.18 PDCCH command is not set).

[0174] The UE can also use the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command (i.e., the QCL source of the PDCCH) as the PL-RS of the PRACH. The QCL source RS of the PDCCH command can also be an SSB or a CSI-RS / TRS.

[0175] The UE can also determine whether to send PRACH to the DL / UL TRP or to the ULTRP based on the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command.

[0176] When the UE sends a PRACH to the UL TRP (i.e., the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command is in the UL TRP's SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state, or is associated with PL offset value = 0), it may not apply the PL offset value to the transmit power control of the PRACH.

[0177] When the UE sends a PRACH to the DL / UL TRP (i.e., the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command is the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state of the DL / UL TRP, or is associated with a PL offset value > 0), the PL offset value can also be applied to the transmit power control of the PRACH.

[0178] like Figure 9 As shown, for each SSB ID / TCI status ID, the PL offset value can be defined in the specification or set / indicated to the UE. The UE can also determine the PL offset value based on this definition / setting / indication. The SSB ID can also be rewritten as CSI-RS or DL-RS. The TCI status ID can also be DL / joint TCI status.

[0179] [Option 3-2]

[0180] When using the PDCCH command of Rel.18 (when the PDCCH command of Rel.18 is set / triggered), the 1-bit indicator field of the PDCCH command can also represent any of the following 3-2-1 and 3-2-2.

[0181] 3-2-1: The PL-RS of PRACH is the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command (i.e., the QCL source of PDCCH) (e.g., represented by bit: 0). This means that PRACH is sent to DL / UL TRP, and the PL offset value is applied to the transmit power control of PRACH.

[0182] 3-2-2: The PL-RS of PRACH is indicated by the SSB via the PDCCH command (e.g., indicated by bit: 1). This means that PRACH is sent to UL TRP, and the PL offset value corresponding to the PL-RS is not applied to the transmit power control of PRACH.

[0183] 3-2-1': The PL-RS of PRACH is the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command (i.e., the QCL source of PDCCH) (e.g., represented by bit: 0). This means that PRACH is sent to DL / UL TRP, and the PL offset value is not applied to the transmit power control of PRACH.

[0184] 3-2-2': The PL-RS of PRACH is indicated by the SSB via the PDCCH command (e.g., indicated by bit: 1). This means that PRACH is sent to UL TRP, and the PL offset value is applied to the transmit power control of PRACH.

[0185] Variation: The case where the PRACH PL-RS is the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command (i.e., the QCL source of the PDCCH) can also be represented by bit: 1. Alternatively, it could mean that the PRACH is sent to the UL TRP, and the PL offset value is applied to the PRACH transmit power control. In other words, bits: 0 and 1 both indicate that the PRACH PL-RS is the QCL RS of the PDCCH command; the difference between bits: 0 and 1 can also be solely in whether the PL offset value is applied.

[0186] The bits indicating whether the PL-RS of PRACH is the QCL source RS of the PDCCH command, or whether the PL-RS of PRACH is the SSB indicated by the PDCCH command, and the bits indicating whether the PL offset value is applied to the transmit power control of PRACH can also be different bits.

[0187] The UE can also receive the setting of the PL value or PL offset value corresponding to the PL-RS through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, and apply the PL value or PL offset value corresponding to the PL-RS to the transmit power control of PRACH.

[0188] According to this embodiment, when a PDCCH command indicating PRACH is received, the PL-RS used in the PRACH transmit power calculation can also be appropriately determined.

[0189] <Supplement>

[0190] Each implementation can also be applied to specific PRACH transmissions. Specific PRACHs can also be applied, for example, to PDCCH command PRACHs, PRACHs triggered by BFRs (BFRs on SpCells), or PRACHs in RRC reconstructions accompanying synchronization, etc.

[0191] Each implementation method can also be applied only if the corresponding RRC parameter is set. If it is not set, the PRACH PL can also be calculated using existing methods. That is, PL adjustment for UL TRP is not performed.

[0192] [Information notification to UE]

[0193] The notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0194] In the case where the above notification is made via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0195] When the above notification is made through a DCI, the notification can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0196] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0197] [Notification from UE]

[0198] The notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MACCE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or combinations thereof.

[0199] In the case where the above notification is delivered via MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC sub-header that is not specified in the existing standard.

[0200] In cases where the above notification is sent via UCI, the above notification may also be sent using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0201] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be carried out periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0202] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0203] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied under certain conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the standard or notified to the UE / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0204] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied only to UEs that have reported a specific UE capability or support that specific UE capability. Furthermore, "support" and "whether it is supported" can be interchanged.

[0205] This specific UE capability can also represent at least one of the following:

[0206] • Supports specific processing / operation / control / information for at least one of the above embodiments.

[0207] • Does it support PRACH's TPC extension (PL estimate)?

[0208] • The number of supported PL values ​​or PL offset values,

[0209] • Number of UL TRPs supported.

[0210] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities applied across the entire frequency range (commonly independent of frequency), capabilities for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1)), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities for each subcarrier spacing (SCS) or capabilities for each feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC)

[0211] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either capabilities that apply to all duplex modes (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities that apply to each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0212] Furthermore, at least one of the above-described embodiments can also be applied when the UE is set / activated / triggered by specific information associated with the above-described embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-described embodiments) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, this specific information can also be any RRC parameter for a specific version (e.g., Rel.18 / 19).

[0213] The UE may also apply operations such as Rel.15 / 16 / 17 if it does not support at least one of the specific UE capabilities mentioned above or if the specific information mentioned above is not set.

[0214] (Postscript)

[0215] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0216] [Postscript 1]

[0217] A terminal having:

[0218] The receiving unit receives setting information for the path loss (PL) value or path loss (PL) offset value of the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmitted to the UL receiving point; and

[0219] The control unit controls the transmission power of the PRACH based on the setting information.

[0220] [Postscript 2]

[0221] As described in Appendix 1, among which,

[0222] In the configuration information, the PL value or PL offset value is set to a common value for all Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) or Transmission Configuration Indication states (TCI states) that are configured.

[0223] [Postscript 3]

[0224] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0225] In the configuration information, the PL value or PL offset value is set to a different value for each of the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) that is configured.

[0226] [Postscript 4]

[0227] The terminal described in any of Notes 1-3, wherein,

[0228] The receiving unit receives a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) command containing multiple bits indicating which PL value or PL offset value is applied.

[0229] (Postscript)

[0230] Regarding one embodiment of this disclosure, the invention is further described below.

[0231] [Postscript 1]

[0232] A terminal having:

[0233] The receiving unit receives commands from the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) sent by the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH); and

[0234] The control unit, based on the fields of the PDCCH command, decides whether to apply the path loss (PL) offset value to the transmit power calculation of the PRACH.

[0235] [Postscript 2]

[0236] As described in Appendix 1, among which,

[0237] When the PRACH is transmitted to the UL receiving point, the control unit does not apply the PL offset value to the transmission power control of the PRACH.

[0238] [Postscript 3]

[0239] The terminal described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0240] When the PRACH is transmitted to a DL receiver or a UL receiver, the control unit applies the PL offset value to the transmission power control of the PRACH.

[0241] (Wireless communication system)

[0242] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will now be described. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0243] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (also referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5GNR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0244] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0245] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0246] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity between NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0247] The wireless communication system 1 may also include a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. The user terminal 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and the user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0248] User terminal 20 may also connect to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0249] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands, definitions, etc. of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also correspond to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0250] In addition, in each CC, the user terminal 20 may also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) for communication.

[0251] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic, X2 interface, etc. based on Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication between base stations 11 and 12 is used as a backhaul, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0252] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0253] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, multiple functions can be provided through a single network node. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be achieved via the DN.

[0254] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0255] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0256] The wireless access method can also be referred to as a waveform. In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be used in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0257] As a downlink channel, the wireless communication system 1 can also use downlink shared channels (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), broadcast channels (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), downlink control channels (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) and so on, which are shared among the user terminals 20.

[0258] In addition, as uplink channels, the wireless communication system 1 may also use uplink shared channels (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), uplink control channels (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), random access channels (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) and so on, which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0259] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via the PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via the PUSCH. In addition, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can also be transmitted via the PBCH.

[0260] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0261] Additionally, the DCI that schedules PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0262] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0263] A search space can also correspond to a PDCCH candidate corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", and "CORESET setting" in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0264] The PUCCH can also transmit uplink control information (uplink control information (UCI)) that includes at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request ACK Knowledge (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). The PRACH can also transmit random access preambles used for establishing connections with the cell.

[0265] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0266] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, DL-RS can also transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

[0267] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0268] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0269] (Base station)

[0270] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0271] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it can also be envisioned that the base station 10 also possesses other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0272] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0273] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of transmitters / receivers, RF circuits, baseband circuits, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuits, transmitting / receiving circuits, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0275] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0276] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0277] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0278] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0279] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0280] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing (filtering processing), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0281] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0282] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, and demodulate the signals of the wireless frequency band received through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 into the baseband signal.

[0283] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, including analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data, etc.

[0284] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0285] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0286] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0287] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit setting information for the path loss (PL) value or path loss (PL) offset value of the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) sent to the UL receiving point.

[0288] The control unit 110 can also receive the PRACH with controlled transmission power based on the setting information.

[0289] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit commands instructing the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) to be transmitted via the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

[0290] The control unit 110 may also be determined, based on the fields of the PDCCH command, whether to apply the path loss (PL) offset value to the transmit power calculation of the PRACH and control the reception of the PRACH.

[0291] (User terminal)

[0292] Figure 13 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may each be provided as one or more.

[0293] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also have other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0294] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

[0295] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0296] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0297] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0298] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0299] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0300] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0301] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0302] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0303] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the settings of transform precoding. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If not, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform the above transmission processing without performing DFT processing.

[0304] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0305] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0306] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to acquire user data.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0308] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZPCSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0309] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0310] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive setting information for the path loss (PL) value or path loss (PL) offset value of the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) sent to the UL receiving point.

[0311] The control unit 210 can also control the transmission power of the PRACH based on the setting information.

[0312] In the configuration information, the PL value or PL offset value can also be set to a common value for all the Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) or Transmission Configuration Indication states (TCI states) that are configured.

[0313] In the configuration information, the PL value or PL offset value may also be set as a separate value for each of the configured Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) or Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state).

[0314] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) command containing multiple bits indicating which PL value or PL offset value is applied.

[0315] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive commands from the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) sent by the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

[0316] The control unit 210 may also determine whether to apply the path loss (PL) offset value used in the transmit power calculation of the PRACH based on the fields of the PDCCH command.

[0317] When the PRACH is transmitted to the UL receiving point, the control unit 210 may also choose not to apply the PL offset value to the transmission power control of the PRACH.

[0318] When the PRACH is transmitted to the DL receiving point or the UL receiving point, the control unit 210 may also apply the PL offset value to the transmission power control of the PRACH.

[0319] (Hardware structure)

[0320] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0321] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. Each of these, as described above, is not particularly limited in its implementation method.

[0322] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 14 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.

[0323] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0324] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0325] Regarding the functions in base station 10 and user terminal 20, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via communication device 1004, or by controlling at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003.

[0326] The processor 1001 enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc., described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0327] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0328] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0329] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., a compact disc ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or at least one other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0330] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmit / receive unit 120 (220) and transmit / receive antenna 130 (230) may also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmit / receive unit 120 (220) may also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmit unit 120a (220a) and the receive unit 120b (220b).

[0331] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0332] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0333] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0334] (Variation example)

[0335] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0336] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitute a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0337] Here, the parameter set can also be communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0338] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0339] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0340] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0341] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0342] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0343] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0344] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also serve as the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0345] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPPRel.8-12), a standard TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a standard subframe, a long subframe, a time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, a time slot, etc.

[0346] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0347] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0348] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0349] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0350] Furthermore, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0351] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0352] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0353] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Additionally, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" in this disclosure may be replaced with "BWP".

[0354] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0355] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0356] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0357] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0358] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0359] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0360] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0361] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0362] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0363] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a comparison of values ​​(e.g., by comparison with a specific value).

[0364] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0365] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0366] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0367] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beamwidth”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0368] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port can also be rewritten with an antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, resources can also be rewritten with resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.). Additionally, resources can also include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter can also include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0369] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0370] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0371] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0372] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0373] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. Sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0374] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" can also be interchanged with "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more spatial relationship information", etc. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0375] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where the terms macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to a base station.

[0376] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its overall coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0377] In this disclosure, the act of a base station sending information to a terminal can also be rewritten in relation to the act of the base station instructing the terminal to perform control / operation based on that information.

[0378] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0379] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0380] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0381] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including when the object is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships (ships and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, hot air balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0382] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0383] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, a pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0384] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a steering handle) that steers at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0385] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an electronic control unit (ECU).

[0386] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include the following: current signal from current sensor 50 sensing the current of the motor; rotational speed signal of front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51; air pressure signal of front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52; vehicle speed signal obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53; acceleration signal obtained by acceleration sensor 54; accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55; brake pedal 44 depress amount signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 56; shift lever 45 operation signal obtained by shift lever sensor 57; and detection signal obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0387] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0388] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and output devices (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.) that implement output to the outside.

[0389] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning detectors (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0390] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the structural elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) with the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49 of the vehicle 40, and various sensors 50-58 via the communication port 63.

[0391] The communication module 60 can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located both inside and outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0392] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 49 from the various sensors 50-58 described above, the information obtained based on these signals, and the information based on input from an external (user) source obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0393] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, workshop information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the vehicle's information service unit 59. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0394] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various types of information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, and various sensors 50-58, etc., of the vehicle 40.

[0395] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0396] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0397] In this disclosure, operations are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. In a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, the various operations performed for communication with a terminal can obviously be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0398] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, timing sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0399] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG, where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Futuregeneration Radio Access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems derived from, modified, generated, or specified based on these methods. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0400] As used in this disclosure, the term "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the term "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0401] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, reference to the first and second elements does not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0402] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of operations. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0403] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0404] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain operations as making a "judgment (decision)". In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten in relation to the operations described above.

[0405] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can also be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming to proceed..." can also be interchanged with "assuming not to proceed..."

[0406] In this disclosure, "expect" can also be interchanged with "be expected." For example, "expect(s)..." (where "..." can also be expressed using a that clause, to infinitive, etc.) can also be interchanged with "be expected...". "Does not expect..." can also be interchanged with "be not expected...". Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected..." can also be interchanged with "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0407] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0408] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0409] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to consider using more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc. to be "connected" or "combined" with each other, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths having wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region to be "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0410] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0411] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0412] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0413] In this disclosure, words such as "below," "less than," "above," "more than," and "equal to" can be interchanged. Furthermore, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," etc., are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be interchanged. Additionally, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," etc., as expressions with "i" appended (i being any integer), are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be interchanged (for example, "highest" can also be interchanged with "i-th highest").

[0414] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0415] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "based on A", "B during / while A", "before A", "at the same time as / on A", "after A", "since A", and "until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be replaced with nouns, gerunds, or ordinary sentences, depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". This time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0416] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, opportunity, resource, etc., can also be overridden.

[0417] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The receiving unit receives the Physical Downlink Control Channel Command (PDCCH) command indicating the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission; and The control unit, based on the fields of the PDCCH command, decides whether to apply the path loss offset value, i.e., the PL offset value, to the transmission power calculation of the PRACH.

2. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, When the PRACH is transmitted to the UL receiving point, the control unit does not apply the PL offset value to the transmission power control of the PRACH.

3. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, When the PRACH is transmitted to a DL receiver or a UL receiver, the control unit applies the PL offset value to the transmission power control of the PRACH.

4. A wireless communication method, comprising: The steps for receiving the Physical Downlink Control Channel Command (PDCCH) command, which indicates the transmission of the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH); and The step of determining whether to apply the path loss offset value, i.e., the PL offset value, to the transmit power calculation of the PRACH based on the fields of the PDCCH command.

5. A base station, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits the Physical Downlink Control Channel command (PDCCH) command, which instructs the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to be transmitted; and The control unit controls the reception of the PRACH, wherein, Whether the path loss offset value (PL offset value) is applied in the PRACH transmit power calculation is determined based on the PDCCH command.

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