Uplink transmission scheduling for scheduling efficiency and reliability

Abstract

The UE can send UE-associated Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR) information for a waveform to the network node; and communicate with the network node based on the UE-associated A-MPR information. The UE can send an indication to the network node that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and receive from the network node scheduling information for waveforms in the subset of waveforms, which indicates frequency resources in the Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR) region of the waveform based on the support for the increased power level.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 525,777, filed November 30, 2023, entitled “UPLINK TRANSMISSION SCHEDULING FOR SCHEDULINGEFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY”, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more specifically to wireless communications including scheduling of uplink transmissions.

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband (CWB) program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT),) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR are based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Furthermore, these improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following is a simplified summary of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all conceived aspects. It neither identifies key or essential elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0007] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: sending additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms to a network node; and communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0008] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: send A-MPR information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms to a network node; and communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0009] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: means for transmitting A-MPR information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms to a network node; and means for communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0010] In one aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided for wireless communication at a UE. The computer-readable medium includes code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the UE to: send A-MPR information associated with the UE to a network node for one or more waveforms; and communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0011] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: sending to a network node an indication of support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and receiving from the network node scheduling information for a waveform in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0012] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: send to a network node an indication of support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and receive from the network node scheduling information for a waveform in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0013] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: means for transmitting to a network node an indication of support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and means for receiving from the network node scheduling information for a waveform in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in an A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0014] In one aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided for wireless communication at a UE. The computer-readable medium includes code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the UE to: send an indication to a network node for support of an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and receive from the network node scheduling information for a waveform in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in an A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0015] In some respects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: obtaining A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms; and scheduling communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0016] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to enable the network node to: obtain A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms; and schedule communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0017] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: components for obtaining A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms; and components for scheduling communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0018] In one aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided for wireless communication at a network node. The computer-readable medium includes code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the network node to: obtain A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms; and schedule communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0019] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: obtaining an indication that a UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and scheduling communication from the UE in frequency resources in an A-MPR area for the frequency resources of the waveform based on the support for the increased power level.

[0020] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the network node to: obtain an indication to the UE to support an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and schedule communication from the UE in frequency resources in an A-MPR area for the frequency resources of the waveforms based on the support for the increased power level.

[0021] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: means for obtaining an indication to a UE that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and means for scheduling communication from the UE in frequency resources in an A-MPR area for the frequency resources of the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0022] In one aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided for wireless communication at a network node. The computer-readable medium includes code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the network node to: obtain an indication that a UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and schedule communication from the UE in frequency resources within an A-MPR area for the frequency resources corresponding to the waveforms based on support for the increased power level.

[0023] In some respects, the techniques described herein relate to a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: scheduling repeating communication from a UE based on an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of a waveform; and obtaining the repeating communication.

[0024] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the network node to: schedule repeating communication from a UE based on an A-MPR zone for frequency resources for a waveform; and obtain the repeating communication.

[0025] In some respects, the technology described herein relates to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: means for scheduling repeating communication from a UE based on an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of a waveform; and means for obtaining the repeating communication.

[0026] In one aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium is provided for wireless communication at a network node. The computer-readable medium includes code that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the network node to: schedule repeating communication from a UE based on an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of a waveform; and obtain the repeating communication.

[0027] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth some exemplary features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating examples of wireless communication systems and access networks, including various aspects of a decomposed base station.

[0030] Figure 3A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 3B This is a diagram illustrating examples of downlink (DL) channels within a 5G NR subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 3C This is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 3DThis is a diagram illustrating examples of uplink (UL) channels within a 5G NR subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating examples of communication between a base station and a UE in an access network according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example aspect of a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

[0036] Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C This is a diagram illustrating an example network architecture that can support NTN access.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a chart showing the A-MPR and non-A-MPR regions of a waveform according to the aspects presented herein.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating examples of NTN and terrestrial networks.

[0039] Figure 9 It refers to the communication flow between the UE and network nodes, including scheduling based on UE-specific A-MPR information, as presented in this article.

[0040] Figure 10 This refers to the repetitive communication flows between the UE and network nodes, including those based on frequency allocation, as presented in this article.

[0041] Figure 11 It refers to the communication flow between the UE and network nodes, including scheduling based on power levels for waveforms, as presented in this paper.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating the methods for wireless communication at the UE based on the aspects presented in this document.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating the methods for wireless communication at the UE based on the aspects presented in this document.

[0044] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating methods for wireless communication at network nodes based on the various aspects presented in this paper.

[0045] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating methods for wireless communication at network nodes based on the various aspects presented in this paper.

[0046] Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating methods for wireless communication at network nodes based on the various aspects presented in this paper.

[0047] Figure 17 These are illustrations of specific hardware implementations of example devices and / or UEs based on the aspects presented herein.

[0048] Figure 18 These are illustrations of specific hardware implementations of example network entities based on the aspects presented herein. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Link budgets provide an accounting of the power gain and loss experienced by a communication signal based on its transmit power, and can be used to calculate the expected received signal at the receiver. Link budgets are affected by propagation path loss and bandwidth, among other factors. Due to the limited transmit power available from the UE and the long propagation distance to the satellite, NTN link budgets, such as those for uplink signals from a ground UE to a satellite, can be challenging. Increased transmit power from the UE can improve the link budget, but the available UE transmit power can be limited by transmit requirements, also known as transmit constraints. To meet transmit requirements, the UE can employ maximum power reduction (MPR) power backoff to reduce its transmit power. Some frequency bands may have additional transmit requirements beyond those generally required. Additional power backoff can be permitted and may be referred to as additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR). As an example, in the LS band (e.g., 1610 MHz to 1626.5 MHz uplink (UL)), there may be protection for frequencies below the band to protect nearby Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operations. The LS band is merely an example to illustrate the concept, and this aspect can be similarly applied to other bands. MPR and A-MPR can reduce the UE's available transmit power below the maximum transmit power level. As an example, with a 3 dB reduction in A-MPR, the maximum available transmit power for a waveform can be reduced to 20 dBm instead of the maximum 23 dBm power for PC3. For uplink link budgets (such as NTN link budgets involving large-distance propagation delays), additional power backoff (e.g., the reduction in maximum transmit power due to A-MPR) can reduce the achievable data rate.

[0050] Terrestrial networks can schedule frequency resources for UEs based on their location within cell coverage (cell center coverage, cell mid-coverage, cell edge coverage) by scheduling UEs closer to cell edge areas / regions with frequency resources without A-MPR and closer to cell centers with frequency resources with A-MPR. For example, UEs closer to the cell edge can transmit at higher power due to resource allocation without being reduced due to A-MPR, while even if transmission power is reduced due to A-MPR, the network is more likely to accurately receive communications from UEs closer to the cell center. Due to the distance between the satellite and the Earth's surface, each UE served by satellite can be considered to be located at or near the cell edge of the NTN, and the reduction in transmission power due to A-MPR may affect the network's reception of uplink transmissions from the UE. If the NTN schedules each UE with resources without A-MPR, the resources available for scheduling are reduced, for example, limited to frequency resources unaffected by the power reduction requirements of A-MPR. If the NTN uses a wider set of frequency resources, including those subject to A-MPR, to schedule UEs, uplink transmissions from some UEs may not be accurately received at the satellite due to the reduced transmit power based on A-MPR. The aspects presented in this paper help maintain the quality of service provided by the wireless network while utilizing scheduling resources more efficiently. For example, the aspects presented in this paper can improve the efficient use of the NTN's scheduling resources.

[0051] In some respects, an A-MPR table can be specified or defined for waveforms in a radio standard. Since the defined table will apply to various types of UEs, in one example, A-MPR resources can be defined based on the UE most affected by the A-MPR (e.g., a UE that improves communication through power reduction based on the A-MPR). Other UEs can be designed to have a “practical A-MPR” different from the A-MPR defined in the radio standard. The UE’s practical A-MPR can be referred to as a “UE-specific A-MPR” compared to a defined A-MPR applicable to multiple UEs. For example, a first UE may support a first A-MPR for a specific waveform, a second UE may support a different second A-MPR for the same waveform, and one or more of the first and second A-MPRs may differ from the waveform-specific A-MPR in the radio standard. For example, a UE-specific A-MPR may include an extended set of non-A-MPR frequency resources (e.g., larger than the minimum set of resources in the defined A-MPR table). As presented herein, a UE can signal its UE-specific A-MPR to a network node, which can then schedule the UE based on the UE-specific A-MPR, for example, allocating frequency resources for transmissions performed by the UE. Since the UE-specific A-MPR may include an extended set of frequency resources without an A-MPR, the network node can schedule the UE based on a wider set of frequency resources, improving scheduling efficiency while still meeting transmission requirements and maintaining accurate communication with wireless networks such as NTNs. Using UE-specific A-MPR information enables the provision of wider bandwidth services to the UE, allowing for increased data rates and richer service diversity.

[0052] In some aspects, network nodes can schedule uplink transmission repetitions that target UEs scheduled within frequency resources in an A-MPR zone for the waveform. An "A-MPR" zone refers to a subset of resources subject to A-MPR (such as a subset of frequency resources). A "non-A-MPR zone" refers to a subset of resources not subject to A-MPR (e.g., a subset of frequency resources). The "waveform" can be based on one or more of the modulation and signal type of the radio signal. In addition to modulation and type, the "waveform" can also be based on the start resource block (RB) and length used for radio signal allocation. In some aspects, the "waveform" can be based on a combination of modulation, type, start RB, and resource allocation length used for the radio signal. For example, modulation can be Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), M-Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK), M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM), and other examples of potential modulations for the waveform. As an example of a signal type, this type could be Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), as well as other examples of waveform signal types. The A-MPR area can be based on a defined A-MPR, such as in a defined A-MPR table, or on UE-specific A-MPR information. In some aspects, the targeted use of repetition can be referred to as allocation-based repetition. Allocation-based repetition achieves more efficient use of radio resources by reducing the use of repetitive resources outside the A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources, while maintaining the accuracy of communication between the UE and the NTN by using repetition within the A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for waveforms. This allows wireless networks (such as NTNs) to use an extended set of frequency resources.

[0053] Additionally or alternatively, in some aspects, resource scheduling relative to the A-MPR zone for a waveform may be based on the UE's power level for that waveform. As an example, a power level 2 (PC2) UE or a power level 1.5 (PC1.5) UE may be allowed higher transmit power, such as a maximum output power of 26 dBm for PC2 and 29 dBm for PC1.5. Such a UE may be referred to as a high-power UE (HPUE). The UE may still experience A-MPR, and in some cases, A-MPR may be scaled 1:1 with the output power. However, there may be a subset of waveforms (e.g., one or more waveforms in a larger set of possible waveforms) where the HPUE can transmit at a higher power (e.g., at least 23 dBm) compared to a power level 3 (PC3) UE that may have a maximum output power of 23 dBm before A-MPR. The UE may indicate to the network that it supports a higher power level for the waveform subset. The network can use UE information to schedule UEs supporting higher power levels within frequency resources in the waveform-specific A-MPR zone, thus reserving non-A-MPR resources for UEs that do not support increased transmit power. By saving non-A-MPR resources for UEs with lower power levels, the network can schedule frequency resources more efficiently. The aspects presented in this paper enable communication over larger bandwidths and / or at higher data rates.

[0054] The detailed descriptions following, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describe various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed descriptions include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0055] Various apparatuses and methods are presented with reference to several aspects of a telecommunications system. These apparatuses and methods are described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0056] As an example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0057] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations, and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0058] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described herein by way of example, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to a use case or application, the described examples may exhibit broad applicability. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily involve multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or decomposed components, end-user equipment, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0059] Communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)), or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0060] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0061] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units of a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0062] Figure 1 This is an illustration of an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes base station 102, UE 104, an evolved packet core (e.g., EPC 160), and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

[0063] Base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1 interface). Base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with core network 190 via a second backhaul link 184. Among other functions, base station 102 can also perform one or more of the following functions: user data delivery, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, Radio Access Network (RAN) sharing, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN Information Management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of alarm messages. Base stations 102 can communicate directly or indirectly with each other via a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface) (e.g., via EPC 160 or core network 190). The first backhaul link 132, the second backhaul link 184, and the third backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0064] In some aspects, a base station (e.g., one of base stations in base station 102 or one of base stations in base station 180) may be referred to as a RAN and may include aggregated or decomposed components. As an example of a decomposed RAN, a base station may include a central unit (CU) (e.g., CU 106), one or more distributed units (DU) (e.g., DU 105), and / or one or more remote units (RU) (e.g., RU 109), such as... Figure 1 As illustrated, the RAN can be decomposed using the split between RU 109 and the aggregation CU / DU. The RAN can be decomposed using the split between CU 106, DU 105, and RU 109. The RAN can be decomposed using the split between CU 106 and the aggregation DU / RU. CU 106 and one or more DUs can be connected via F1 interfaces. DU 105 and RU 109 can be connected via fronthaul interfaces. The connection between CU 106 and DU 105 can be referred to as midhaul, and the connection between DU 105 and RU 109 can be referred to as fronthaul. The connection between CU 106 and the core network 190 can be referred to as backhaul.

[0065] The RAN can be based on functional splitting between various components of the RAN (e.g., between CU 106, DU 105, or RU 109). CU 106 can be configured to perform one or more aspects of a wireless communication protocol, such as handling one or more layers of a protocol stack, and one or more DUs can be configured to handle other aspects of the wireless communication protocol, such as other layers of the protocol stack. In different implementations, the splitting between layers handled by the CU and layers handled by the DU can occur at different layers of the protocol stack. As a non-limiting example, DU 105 can provide a logical node for hosting at least a portion of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and Physical (PHY) layer based on functional splitting. RU can provide a logical node configured to host at least a portion of the PHY layer and radio frequency (RF) processing. CU 106 can host higher-layer functions, such as the Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and / or upper layers, for example, above the RLC layer. In other implementations, the splitting between layer functions provided by the CU, DU, or RU can differ.

[0066] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. Overlapping geographic coverage areas may exist. For example, a small cell may have a coverage area 111 that overlaps with the corresponding geographic coverage area 110 of one or more base stations (e.g., one or more macro base stations, such as base station 102). A network that includes both small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a Home Evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide services to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmission from the UE to the base station and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmission from the base station to the UE. The communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may carry one or more carriers. For a total of up to one carrier used for transmission in each direction. Yx MHz ( x For each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation (of component carriers), base station 102 / UE 104 can use up to [number missing] carriers. YA spectrum with a bandwidth of MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.). Carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as the secondary cell (SCell).

[0067] Some UEs can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links, such as D2D communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be achieved through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), IEEE-based Wi-Fi™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance), Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0068] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) (such as AP 150) that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) (such as STA 152) via a communication link 154, for example, in unlicensed spectrum at 5 GHz. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0069] Small cells can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cells can employ NR and use the same unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz, etc.) as that used by AP 150. Small cells employing NR in unlicensed spectrum can improve access network coverage and / or increase access network capacity.

[0070] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this is distinct from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as "millimeter wave" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0071] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands used for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Additionally, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0072] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0073] Base stations (whether small or large cells, such as macro base stations) may include and / or be referred to as eNBs, gNodeBs (gNBs), or other types of base stations. Some base stations (such as gNBs) may operate in conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter-wave frequencies, and / or near-millimeter-wave frequencies to communicate with UE 104. When a gNB operates in millimeter-wave or near-millimeter-wave frequencies, base station 180 may be referred to as a millimeter-wave base station. The millimeter-wave base station may utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to compensate for path loss and short range. Base station 180 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming.

[0074] Base station 180 may transmit beamformed signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 185. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 180 in one or more receive directions 183. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals to base station 180 in one or more transmit directions (e.g., 183). Base station 180 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions (e.g., 185). Base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 180 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0075] EPC 160 may include a mobility management entity (e.g., MME 162), other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway (e.g., MBMS gateway 168), a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) (e.g., BM-SC 170), and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (e.g., PDN gateway 172). MME 162 may communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) (e.g., HSS 174). MME 162 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through the serving gateway 166, which is itself connected to the PDN gateway 172. PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. PDN gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP service 176. IP service 176 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. BM-SC 170 provides functions for MBMS user service dispatch and delivery. BM-SC 170 can act as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, can be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and can be used to schedule MBMS transmission. MBMS gateway 168 can be used to allocate MBMS services to base station 102 belonging to a Broadcast-Specific Service Multicast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related billing information.

[0076] The core network 190 may include Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) (e.g., AMF 192), other AMFs 193, Session Management Functions (SMF) 194, and User Plane Functions (UPF) (e.g., UPF 195). AMF 192 may communicate with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. AMF 192 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 190. Generally, AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through UPF 195. UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. UPF 195 connects to IP service 197. IP service 197 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), Packet Switched (PS) Streaming (PSS) service, and / or other IP services.

[0077] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Transmitter Receiver Point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station with baseband units (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or as a decomposed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A collection of base stations that may include decomposed and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as Next Generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN). Base station 102 provides UE 104 with an access point to EPC 160 or core network 190.

[0078] Examples of UEs include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some UEs may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking timers, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UEs may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terms. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may jointly access the network and / or individually access the network.

[0079] In some aspects, UE 104 may include an A-MPR component 198 configured to send UE-associated Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR) information for one or more waveforms to a network node; and to communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. In some aspects, A-MPR component 198 may be configured to send an indication to the network node that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and to receive from the network node scheduling information for waveforms in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0080] In some aspects, base station 102 may include a scheduling component 199 configured to obtain A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms; and to schedule communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. In some aspects, scheduling component 199 may be configured to obtain an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and to schedule communication from the UE in frequency resources within the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform based on support for the increased power level. In some aspects, scheduling component 199 may be configured to schedule repeating communication from the UE in the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform; and to obtain the repeating communication.

[0081] Communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)), or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0082] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0083] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units of a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0084] As an example, Figure 2A diagram illustrating an example architecture of a decomposed base station 200 is shown. The architecture of the decomposed base station 200 may include one or more CUs (e.g., CU 210) that can communicate directly with the core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 via one or more decomposed base station units (such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) via an E2 link (e.g., near RT RIC 225), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC (e.g., non-RT RIC 215) associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework (e.g., SMO framework 205), or both). CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs (e.g., DU 230) via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DU 230 may communicate with one or more RUs (e.g., RU 240) via a corresponding fronthaul link. RU 240 may communicate with a corresponding UE (e.g., UE 204) via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some specific implementations, UE 204 can be served by multiple RUs simultaneously.

[0085] Each of the units (i.e., CUs (e.g., CU 210), DUs (e.g., DU 230), RUs (e.g., RU 240), and near-RT RICs (e.g., near-RT RIC 225), non-RT RICs (e.g., non-RT RIC 215), and SMO framework 205) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each unit in the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units in the other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals via wired transmission media or transmit signals to one or more other units. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive signals via wireless transmission media or transmit signals to one or more other units, or both.

[0086] In some aspects, the CU 210 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230 for network control and signaling, as needed.

[0087] DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs. In some aspects, DU 230 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, etc.) according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 230 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 230 or with control functions hosted by CU 210.

[0088] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs. In some deployments, the RU 240 controlled by DU 230 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both) based at least in part on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, RU 240 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs (e.g., UE 204). In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with RU 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU. In some scenarios, this configuration allows DU and CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as vRAN architecture).

[0089] SMO framework 205 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 205 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 205 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 290 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CUs, DUs, RUs, and near-RT RICs. In some implementations, SMO framework 205 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 211) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more RUs via the O1 interface. SMO framework 205 may also include a non-RT RIC 215 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 205.

[0090] The non-RT RIC 215 can be configured to include logical functions enabling non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 225. The non-RT RIC 215 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 225, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 225 can be configured to include logical functions enabling near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, connecting one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 225.

[0091] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 225, the non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 225 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 205 or the non-RT RIC 215. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 215 or the near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0092] At least one of CU 210, DU 230, and RU 240 may be referred to as base station 202. Therefore, base station 202 may include one or more of CU 210, DU 230, and RU 240 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 202). Base station 202 provides UE 204 with an access point to core network 220. The communication link between RU (e.g., RU 240) and UE (e.g., UE 204) may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmission from UE 204 to RU 240 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmission from RU 240 to UE 204.

[0093] Some UEs can communicate with each other using D2D communication (e.g., D2D communication link 258). D2D communication link 258 can use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. D2D communication link 258 can use one or more sidelink channels. D2D communication can be achieved through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0094] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 250, which communicates with the UE 204 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi STA) via a communication link 254, for example, in an unlicensed spectrum such as 5 GHz. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the UE 204 / Wi-Fi AP 250 may perform a CCA before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0095] Base station 202 and UE 204 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 202 may transmit beamformed signals 282 to UE 204 in one or more transmit directions. UE 204 may receive beamformed signals from base station 202 in one or more receive directions. UE 204 may also transmit beamformed signals 284 to base station 202 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 202 may receive beamformed signals from UE 204 in one or more receive directions. Base station 202 / UE 204 may perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 202 / UE 204. The transmit and receive directions of base station 202 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 204 may be the same or different.

[0096] The core network 220 may include Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) (e.g., AMF 261), Session Management Functions (SMF) (e.g., SMF 262), User Plane Functions (UPF) (e.g., UPF 263), Unified Data Management (UDM) (e.g., UDM 264), one or more location servers 268, and other functional entities. AMF 261 is the control node that processes signaling between the UE and the core network 220. AMF 261 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 262 supports session management and other functions. UPF 263 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 264 supports the generation of authentication and key negotiation (AKA) credentials, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 268 are exemplified as including Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) (e.g., GMLC 265) and Location Management Functions (LMF) (e.g., LMF 266). However, generally speaking, one or more location servers 268 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of GMLC 265, LMF 266, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Location Center (MPC), etc. GMLC 265 and LMF 266 support UE location services. GMLC 265 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. LMF 266 receives measurement and auxiliary information from NG-RAN and UE 204 via AMF 261 to calculate the location associated with UE 204. NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the location of UE 204. Positioning UE 204 may involve signal measurement, location estimation, and optional speed calculation based on the measurement. Signal measurement may be performed by UE 204 and / or base station 202 serving UE 204. The measured signal may be based on one or more of the following: a satellite positioning system (SPS) 270 (e.g., one or more of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signal, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal, Bluetooth signal, terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signal (e.g., multiple round-trip time (multiple RTT), DL departure angle (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0097] Refer again Figure 2 In some respects, similar to Figure 1 UE 104 and UE 204 may have an A-MPR component 198, which is configured to send UE-associated A-MPR information for one or more waveforms to a network node; and to communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. In some aspects, the A-MPR component 198 may be configured to send an indication to the network node that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and to receive from the network node scheduling information for waveforms in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level.

[0098] In some aspects, base station 102, or one or more of CU 210, DU 230, or RU 240, may include scheduling component 199 configured to obtain UE-associated A-MPR information for one or more waveforms; and to schedule communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. In some aspects, scheduling component 199 may be configured to obtain an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and to schedule communication from the UE in frequency resources within the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform based on support for the increased power level. In some aspects, scheduling component 199 may be configured to schedule repeating communication from the UE in the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform; and to obtain the repeating communication.

[0099] Figure 3A Figure 300 illustrates an example of the first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 3B Figure 330 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 3C Figure 350 is an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 3D Figure 380 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to either DL or UL), or Time Division Duplex (TDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 3A , Figure 3CIn the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible and can be used between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0100] Figures 3A to 3D The frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of this disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-time slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled by 1 / SCS.

[0101]

[0102] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets µ 0 through 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For the extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for a normal CP and parameter set µ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 slots per subframe. µ Each time slot. As shown in Table 1, the subcarrier spacing can be equal to... ,in The parameter sets are 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set µ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set µ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 3A to 3D Examples of a normal frequency division multiplexing (CP) with 14 symbols per time slot and a parameter set of µ=2 with 4 time slots per subframe are provided. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within the frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth portions (BWPs) of frequency division multiplexing (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 3B Each BWP can have a specific set of parameters and CP (normal or extended).

[0103] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) extending for 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0104] like Figure 3A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0105] Figure 3B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 coherent REs in the OFDM symbol of the RB. The PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring timing on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is generated by the UE (such as...) Figure 1 One of the UEs in UE 104 and / or Figure 2The UE (204) uses the SSSS to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identifier. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) is located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identifier group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identifier and physical layer cell identifier group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on this PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the main information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as system information blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0106] like Figure 3C As illustrated, some REs in the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0107] Figure 3D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-decoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUCCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCIs.

[0108] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a first wireless device configured to exchange wireless communications with a second wireless device. Figure 4In the illustrated example, the first wireless device may include base station 410, the second wireless device may include UE 450, and base station 410 may communicate with UE 450 in the access network. Figure 4 As shown, base station 410 includes a transmit processor (TX processor 416), a transmitter 418Tx, a receiver 418Rx, an antenna 420, a receive processor (RX processor 470), a channel estimator 474, a controller / processor 475, and at least one memory 476 (e.g., one or more memories). Example UE 450 includes an antenna 452, a transmitter 454Tx, a receiver 454Rx, an RX processor 456, a channel estimator 458, a controller / processor 459, at least one memory 460 (e.g., one or more memories), and a TX processor 468. In other examples, base station 410 and / or UE 450 may include additional or alternative components.

[0109] In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to the controller / processor 475. The controller / processor 475 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 475 provides RRC layer functionality associated with: broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0110] TX processor 416 and RX processor 470 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 416 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM streams are spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from channel estimator 474 can be used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme and for spatial processing. This channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 450 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to different antennas in antenna 420 via a separate transmitter (e.g., transmitter 418Tx). Each transmitter 418Tx can utilize the corresponding spatial stream to modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission.

[0111] At UE 450, each receiver 454Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna in antenna 452. Each receiver 454Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to RX processor 456. TX processor 468 and RX processor 456 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. RX processor 456 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 450. In the case where multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 450, RX processor 456 can combine two or more of these spatial streams into a single OFDM symbol stream. RX processor 456 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The reference signal and the symbols on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 410. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by channel estimator 458. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 410 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 459, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0112] The controller / processor 459 may be associated with at least one memory 460 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 460 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 459 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 459 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0113] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by base station 410, controller / processor 459 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0114] The channel estimate derived by channel estimator 458 from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by base station 410 can be used by TX processor 468 to select appropriate decoding and modulation schemes and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by TX processor 468 can be provided to different antennas in antenna 452 via individual transmitters (e.g., transmitter 454Tx). Each transmitter 454Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0115] UL transmission is processed at base station 410 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 450. Each receiver 418Rx receives the signal via its corresponding antenna in antenna 420. Each receiver 418Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 470.

[0116] The controller / processor 475 may be associated with at least one memory 476 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 476 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 475 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 475 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0117] At least one of the TX processor 468, RX processor 456, and controller / processor 459 can be configured to perform coupled operations. Figure 1 Aspects of the A-MPR component 198.

[0118] At least one of the TX processor 416, RX processor 470, and controller / processor 475 can be configured to perform combined operations. Figure 1 The scheduling components of 199 are discussed in various aspects.

[0119] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) can refer to a wireless communication system that utilizes satellites to provide wireless communication services to a UE. In one example, the UE may transmit first data and / or a first signal to the satellite via a serving link, and the satellite may relay the first data and / or the first signal to a network node (e.g., a base station) via a feeder link. In another example, the network node may transmit second data and / or a second signal to the satellite via a feeder link, and the satellite may relay the second data and / or the second signal to the UE via a serving link.

[0120] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example system 500 that supports wireless communication with an NTN via a terrestrial network, as presented herein. Figure 5 In the illustrated example, the terrestrial network includes a base station 502 that provides coverage to UEs (such as example UE 504) located within a coverage area 510 of the terrestrial network. Base station 502 facilitates communication between UE 504 and core network node 506. Various aspects of core network node 506 can be implemented by the core network, such as... Figure 1 Example core network 190 and / or Figure 2 The core network is 220.

[0121] In some examples, the UE may send and / or receive satellite-based communications (e.g., via an Iridium-like satellite communication system or a satellite-based 3GPPNTN). NTN nodes may be referred to by various names, such as airborne equipment 522, spacecraft (SV), or satellite. In some examples, airborne equipment 522 and / or second airborne equipment 532 may include airborne equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicle systems (UAS), balloons, drones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), etc. Examples of UAS platforms that can be used for NTN communications include systems comprising tethered UAS (TUA), lighter-than-air UAS (LTA), heavier-than-air UAS (HTA), and high-altitude platforms (HAP). In some examples, airborne equipment 522 and / or second airborne equipment 532 may include satellites or space-borne vehicles placed in low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), geostationary orbit (GEO), or highly elliptical orbit (HEO).

[0122] NTN nodes can provide coverage to UEs (such as example UE 524) located within the coverage area 520 of air device 522. In some examples, air device 522 can communicate with core network node 506 via feeder link 526 established between air device 522 and gateway 528 to provide service to UE 524 within the coverage area 520 of air device 522 via service link 530. Feeder link 526 may include a radio link between air device 522 and gateway 528. Service link 530 may include a radio link between air device 522 and UE 524. In some examples, gateway 528 may communicate directly with core network node 506. In some examples, gateway 528 may communicate with core network node 506 via base station 502.

[0123] In some aspects, air device 522 may be configured to communicate directly with gateway 528 via feeder link 526. Feeder link 526 may include a radio link providing wireless communication between air device 522 and gateway 528. In other aspects, air device 522 may communicate with gateway 528 via one or more other air devices. For example, air device 522 and second air device 532 may be part of a satellite constellation (e.g., air devices) communicating via inter-satellite links (ISL). Figure 5 In the example, air device 522 can establish an ISL 534 with a second air device 532. The ISL 534 can be a radio interface or an optical interface, and operates in an RF frequency or an optical band, respectively. The second air device 532 can communicate with gateway 528 via a second feeder link 536.

[0124] In some respects, air device 522 and / or second air device 532 may implement a transparent payload. For example, after receiving a signal, the transparent air device may have the capability to change the frequency carrier of the signal, perform RF filtering on the signal, and amplify the signal before outputting it. In such respects, the signal output by the transparent air device may be a repetitive signal, wherein the waveform of the output signal remains unchanged relative to the received signal.

[0125] In other respects, air device 522 and / or second air device 532 may implement regenerated payloads. For example, the regenerated air device may have the capability to perform all or part of the base station functions, such as transforming and amplifying the received signal via onboard processing before outputting the signal. In some such respects, the transformation of the received signal may refer to digital processing, which may include demodulation, decoding, switching and / or routing, recoding, remodulation and / or filtering of the received signal.

[0126] In examples where the over-the-air device implements a transparent payload, the transparent over-the-air device can communicate with base station 502 via gateway 528. In some such examples, base station 502 can facilitate communication between gateway 528 and core network node 506. In examples where the over-the-air device implements a regenerative payload, the regenerative over-the-air device may have an onboard base station.

[0127] Figures 6A to 6C Example aspects illustrating various network architectures that can support NTN access are provided. Figure 6A An example of a network architecture with transparent payloads is shown. Figure 6A The network architecture 600 includes a UE 605, an NTN device 602 (which may also be referred to as a satellite, airborne device, or spacecraft, etc.), an NTN gateway 604 (sometimes referred to as a "gateway," "earth station," or "ground station"), and a base station 606 (which may also be referred to as a network node or network entity) having the capability to communicate with the UE 605 via the NTN device 602. For example, the base station 606 may be a network node or network entity of a terrestrial communication network. A network node may include a base station in an aggregation, or one or more decomposed components that may correspond to a base station, such as a CU, DU, and / or RU. The NTN device 602, NTN gateway 604, and base station 606 may be part of a RAN 612. As an example, the NTN device 602, base station 606, and NTN gateway 604 may be part of an NG RAN or a RAN used for other communication technologies such as 3G, 4G LTE, 6G, etc. The network architecture 600 is illustrated to also include a core network 610, which may correspond to a combination of Figure 1 The core network 190 and / or described Figure 2 220 in the example. For example, the core network 610 could be a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). Figure 6A The connectivity in the illustrated network architecture 600 with transparent payloads allows base station 606 to access NTN gateway 604 and core network 610. In some examples, base station 606 may be shared by multiple PLMNs. Similarly, NTN gateway 604 may be shared by more than one base station. Although Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C The example illustrates a UE 605, but many UEs may utilize network architecture 600. Similarly, network architecture 600 may include a larger (or smaller) number of NTN devices, NTN gateways, base stations, RANs, core networks, and / or other components. The illustrated connections connecting the various components in network architecture 600 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or radio connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted depending on desired functionality.

[0128] UE 605 can be configured to communicate with core network 610 via NTN device 602, NTN gateway 604, and base station 606. As illustrated in RAN 612, one or more RANs associated with core network 610 may include one or more base stations. Access to the network can be provided to UE 605 via wireless communication between UE 605 and base station 606 (e.g., serving base station), via NTN device 602 and NTN gateway 604.

[0129] Base station 606 can be referred to by other names, such as network node, network entity, gNB, "satellite node," satellite NodeB (sNB), "satellite access node," etc. In some aspects, Figure 6A Base station 606 may differ from terrestrial network base stations, such as supporting additional capabilities beyond those of terrestrial base stations. For example, base station 606 may terminate the radio interface and associated radio interface protocols to UE 605, and may transmit DL signals to UE 605 and receive UL signals from UE 605 via NTN device 602 and NTN gateway 604. Base station 606 may also support signaling connections to UE 605 as well as voice and data bearers, and may support handover of UE 605 between different radio cells of NTN device 602, between different NTN devices, and / or between different base stations. Base station 606 may be configured to manage mobile radio beams (e.g., for air vehicles and / or non-Geostationary (non-GEO) devices) and associated mobility of UE 605. Base station 606 may assist handover (or transfer) of NTN device 602 between different NTN gateways or different base stations. Additionally, the coverage area of ​​base station 606 may be much larger than the coverage area of ​​terrestrial network base stations. In some examples, base station 606 can be separated from NTN gateway 604, for example, as Figure 6A As illustrated in the examples. In other examples, base station 606 may include one or more NTN gateways, or may be combined with one or more NTN gateways, for example, using a split architecture. For example, using a split architecture, base station 606 may include CUs, such as Figure 1 Example CU 106 or Figure 2 The CU210, and the NTN gateway 604 may include or act as a DU, such as Figure 1 Example DU 105 or Figure 2 The DU 230. Base station 606 can be fixed on the ground for transparent payload operation. In one implementation, base station 606 can be physically combined or physically connected to NTN gateway 604 to reduce complexity and cost.

[0130] NTN gateway 604 can be shared by more than one base station and can communicate with UE 605 via NTN device 602. NTN gateway 604 can be dedicated to an associated constellation of NTN devices. NTN gateway 604 can be included within base station 606, for example, as base station-DU within base station 606.

[0131] exist Figure 6A In the illustrated example, serving link 620 facilitates communication between UE 605 and NTN device 602, feeder link 622 facilitates communication between NTN device 602 and NTN gateway 604, and interface 624 facilitates communication between base station 606 and core network 610. Serving link 620 and feeder link 622 may be implemented using the same radio interface (e.g., a Uu interface).

[0132] Figure 6B It shows something similar to Figure 6A The diagram illustrates a network architecture 625 that supports NTN access, but with features for regenerating payloads instead of... Figure 6A The network architecture of the transparent payload is shown. Unlike the transparent payload, the regenerative payload includes an onboard base station (e.g., including base station functional capabilities) and is referred to herein as NTN device / base station 630. The onboard base station can be a network node corresponding to a network device (e.g., Figure 4 410, Figure 1 102 or Figure 2 (202). RAN 612 is illustrated as including NTN equipment / base station 630 for communicating with UE 605 and core network 610.

[0133] The onboard base station can perform many of the same functions as base station 606 as previously described. For example, NTN device / base station 630 can terminate to the radio interface and associated radio interface protocol of UE 605, and can transmit DL signals to UE 605 and receive UL signals from UE 605, which may include encoding and modulating the transmitted signals and demodulating and decoding the received signals. NTN device / base station 630 can communicate with one or more NTN gateways and communicate with one or more core networks via NTN gateway 604. In some aspects, NTN device / base station 630 can communicate directly with other NTN devices / base stations using inter-satellite links (ISL), which can support the Xn interface between any pair of NTN devices / base stations.

[0134] In the case of a low Earth orbit (LEO) device, the NTN device / base station 630 can manage mobile radio cells with coverage at different times. The NTN gateway 604 can be directly connected to the core network 610, as illustrated. For example, if the number of NTN gateways is limited, the NTN gateway 604 can be shared by multiple core networks. In some examples, the core network 610 may know the coverage area of ​​the NTN device / base station 630 in order to page UE 605 and manage handover.

[0135] Figure 6C It shows something similar to Figure 6A and Figure 6B The diagram shows a network architecture 650 that supports regenerated payloads, rather than... Figure 6A The transparent payload is shown, and it has a split architecture for the base station. For example, the base station can be located in a CU (e.g., such as...). Figure 1 CU 106 or Figure 2 CU 210) and DU (e.g., such as Figure 1 DU105 or Figure 2 Split between DU 230). Figure 6C In the illustrative example, network architecture 650 includes an NTN-CU 616, which can be a terrestrial base station or a component of a terrestrial base station. The regenerated payload includes an onboard base station DU, and is referred to herein as NTN-DU 614. NTN-CU 616 and NTN-DU 614 may correspond together or separately to [the specific configuration / component]. Figure 4 The network devices (e.g., base station 410) are associated with network nodes.

[0136] The NTN-DU 614 communicates with the NTN-CU 616 via the NTN gateway 604. The NTN-CU 616 performs functions together with the NTN-DU 614 and can use internal communication protocols (e.g., based on a split architecture). The NTN-CU 616 and NTN-DU 614 can each support additional capabilities for providing UE 605 access using NTN equipment.

[0137] NTN-DU 614 and NTN-CU 616 can communicate with each other using the F1 Application Protocol (F1AP) and can be executed together or separately. Figure 6B and Figure 6C The base station 606 or NTN device / base station 630 described has some or all of the same functions.

[0138] The NTN-DU 614 can terminate to the radio interface and associated low-level radio interface protocols of UE 605, and can transmit DL signals to UE 605 and receive UL signals from UE 605. This may include encoding and modulating the transmitted signals and demodulating and decoding the received signals. The operation of the NTN-DU 614 can be partially controlled by the NTN-CU 616. The NTN-DU 614 can support one or more radio cells of UE 605. The NTN-CU 616 can also be split into separate control plane (CP) (NTN-CU-CP) and user plane (UP) (NTN-CU-UP) portions. The NTN-DU 614 and NTN-CU 616 can communicate via the F1 interface to: (a) support control plane signaling for UE 605 using IP, Flow Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and F1 Application Protocol (F1AP) protocols, and (b) support user plane data delivery for UE 605 using IP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), PDCP, SDAP, GTP-U, and NR User Plane Protocol (NRUPP) protocols.

[0139] The NTN-CU 616 can use terrestrial links to communicate with one or more other NTN-CUs and / or one or more other terrestrial base stations to support the Xn interface between any pair of NTN-CUs and / or between the NTN-CU 616 and a terrestrial base station.

[0140] When a UE is outside terrestrial network coverage, some NTN communications may be based on low-rate, infrequent communications used for short message sending and / or emergency use. The aspects presented in this paper provide solutions for achieving NTN at greater scale, with better compatibility, lower costs, and more seamless integration with terrestrial cellular networks. The aspects presented in this paper can also facilitate communications over larger bandwidths and / or at higher data rates, such as enabling broadband services via NTN.

[0141] Link budgets provide an account of the power gain and loss experienced by the communication signal based on the transmit power, and can be used to calculate the expected received signal at the receiver. Link budgets are affected by propagation path loss, bandwidth, and other factors. Due to the limited transmit power available from the UE and the long propagation distance to the satellite, NTN link budgets, such as those used for uplink signals from a ground UE to a satellite, can be challenging.

[0142] An example path loss term for a device transmitting communications from Earth to a geostationary satellite (e.g., at an altitude of 37,786 km) in the S-band (e.g., approximately 2 GHz, λ ≈ 0.15 m) is -190 dB, which could be a significant path loss to address. The example UE transmit power corresponds to PC3 at 23 dBm or PC2 at 26 dBm.

[0143] One technique to meet uplink link budget requirements is to use narrowband allocation, which concentrates UE uplink power into a narrow bandwidth. Narrowband allocation supports low data rate communication but may not support higher data rates. Repeated transmissions can help improve link budget, but repeated receptions consume additional network resources (e.g., satellite resources) and additional power at the UE.

[0144] Increased transmit power from the UE can improve the link budget. In some respects, the available UE transmit power can be limited based on transmit requirements (which may also be referred to as transmit limits). As an example, the UE can transmit wireless communications that meet various transmit requirements applicable to all frequency bands, such as requirements for Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR), Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM), spurious emissions, etc. Since transmit requirements apply to all frequency bands, they can be referred to as general requirements. As an example, spurious emissions may be caused by unwanted transmit effects. To meet transmit requirements, the UE can employ Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) power backoff to reduce the transmit power at the UE. For example, the UE can reduce the maximum transmit power by the amount indicated by the MPR.

[0145] Some frequency bands may have additional transmit requirements beyond those generally required. Additional power backoff may be permitted, and this can be referred to as Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR). As an example, in LS bands (e.g., 1610 MHz to 1626.5 MHz UL), protection may exist for frequencies below the band to protect nearby GNSS operations. LS bands are merely examples used to illustrate the concept, and this aspect can be similarly applied to other frequency bands. The UE may further reduce the maximum transmit power used by the UE based on A-MPR, and A-MPR may be specific to a particular frequency resource.

[0146] MPR and A-MPR can reduce the available transmit power of a PC3 UE to below the maximum PC3 23 dBm power level. For example, 3 dB of A-MPR corresponds to the maximum available transmit power of 20 dBm for that waveform (e.g., instead of the maximum 23 dBm power of PC3).

[0147] Tables 2 and 3 illustrate various examples of transmission requirements that result in a reduction in the transmit power used by the UE. As described above, the UE can meet transmission requirements by backing up (e.g., reducing) the transmit power. As a first example, Table 2 illustrates an example of additional out-of-band transmission requirements based on the ETSI specification. As another example, Table 3 illustrates an example from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

[0148]

[0149] Table 4 illustrates various examples of operating frequency bands for NTN satellites. As an example, the LS band can be used for NR NTN. For instance, the LS band could correspond to n254 in Table 4. These frequency bands are merely examples, and the aspects presented herein can also be applied to other frequency bands.

[0150]

[0151] Figure 7 Example diagram 700 illustrates the frequency resources of a 10 MHz channel at 1615 MHz affected by the A-MPR of an example QPSK, DFT-S-OFDM waveform associated with 23 dBm for power control. Frequency resources may be referred to as including A-MPR areas and non-A-MPR areas. An "A-MPR area" refers to a subset of frequency resources that include A-MPR. A "non-A-MPR area" refers to a subset of frequency resources that do not include A-MPR. The horizontal axis corresponds to the starting RB of the frequency allocation, which may be referred to as RB. 起始 Or the starting position of the allocation. The starting RB indicates the starting position in the frequency domain of the RB allocated for uplink transmission from the UE. The vertical axis represents the length of the resource allocation (e.g., it may be referred to as L). CRB Or the number of consecutive RBs). The frequency domain location of uplink resource allocation can be indicated by the starting RB and the number of consecutive RBs allocated to the UE for uplink transmission, starting from the starting RB. The frequency resource allocation at 710 has a wider allocation (e.g., with a higher L). CRB The frequency resource allocations illustrated at 720 and 730 have narrower frequency allocations (e.g., smaller L). CRB Frequency resource allocation 720 is closer to the lower edge of the channel, for example, closer to the channel boundary.

[0152] Shaded gradient 750 illustrates the amount of power back-off (A-MPR) required to meet the transmit requirements for the corresponding frequency allocation. In this example, power back-off of up to 5 dB can be used for A-MPR. Wideband waveforms with larger frequency allocations, such as the higher L shown at 710, are also possible. CRBThis may be more affected by power backoff, for example, it may have a higher power backoff range. Similarly, narrowband waveforms at the lower edge of the channel (e.g., as shown at 720 and 730) may also have power backoff based on their location closer to the channel edge. Waveforms with frequency resources closer to the channel edge can be referred to as "outer waveforms," ​​and waveforms with frequency resources farther from the channel edge can be referred to as "inner waveforms." Inner waveforms (e.g., based on frequency allocations in the middle of a channel with moderate length) in Figure 7 The region is illustrated as not having A-MPR-based power back-off. Region 740 may be referred to as a non-A-MPR region because the resources in this region are not subject to A-MPR, and other regions (e.g., including the resources shown at 710, 720 and 730) may be referred to as A-MPR regions because the resources in this region are subject to A-MPR.

[0153] For uplink link budgets (such as NTN link budgets involving long-distance propagation delays), additional power backoff may reduce the achievable data rate. For example, non-A-MPR waveforms in non-A-MPR zone 740 may be useful for wireless communications with link budget constraints (such as NTN communications). Non-A-MPR waveforms can be referred to by other names, such as "internal waveform," "allocation at the center of a low- to medium-length channel," etc. Other waveforms may not be used, for example, such as those at the channel edges. In some respects, unused other waveforms can be considered guard bands.

[0154] In terrestrial networks, power amplification can be optimized for power efficiency at the expense of linearity. The network (e.g., a base station or one or more components of a base station) can schedule frequency resources (e.g., RBs) differently for the UE in different schemes. Different schemes can be based on one or more of cell center coverage, cell middle coverage, and cell edge coverage, based on the location of various UEs within the cell. Figure 8Figure 800 illustrates examples of UEs (e.g., UE 804 in the central cell coverage area 810, UE 806 in the intermediate cell coverage area 812, and UE 808 in the cell edge coverage area 814) in different cell coverage areas of terrestrial base station 802. For example, the base station can use frequency resources corresponding to a higher A-MPR to schedule UEs (e.g., in the cell center area / zone) closer to the base station (e.g., UE 804). For example, UEs closer to the cell edge can transmit at higher power due to resource allocation without being reduced by A-MPR, and even if the transmission power is reduced due to A-MPR, the network is more likely to accurately receive communications from UEs closer to the cell center. The base station can use resources corresponding to a lower or no A-MPR to schedule UEs (e.g., UE 808) in the cell edge area / zone, allowing uplink transmissions to be transmitted at higher power, and even if the UE is near the cell edge, it will be more likely to be accurately received by the base station. As another example, a base station can use resources corresponding to low A-MPR to schedule UEs in the middle cell (e.g., UE 806).

[0155] In some respects, NTN resources may be more expensive to use than terrestrial network resources and may be considered as auxiliary or supplementary resources for occasional or emergency use by UEs outside terrestrial network coverage. Therefore, power consumption may not be a priority for such NTN use cases. Similarly, each UE in an NTN-covered cell can be considered to be at the cell edge because each UE is at a certain distance from the satellite or other airborne equipment. Figure 8 An example of satellite 822, which serves as part of the NTN providing services to UEs 824 and 826, is also illustrated. Due to the distance between the satellite and the Earth's surface, each UE can be considered to be located at or near the cell edge of the NTN. For the NTN, there is a significant distance between each UE and the satellite, and the NTN cannot schedule some UEs with higher A-MPRs (Advanced Per-Minute Reception) based on their proximity to the satellite, since no UE is close to the satellite. If the NTN schedules each UE with resources that have no A-MPR or low A-MPR, the resources available for scheduling are reduced. If the NTN schedules UEs using a broader set of resources that includes resources with A-MPR, transmissions from some UEs may not be accurately received at the satellite due to the reduced transmission power based on A-MPR.

[0156] The aspects presented in this paper help maintain the quality of service provided by NTN while achieving improved efficiency in the use of scheduling resources. To reduce A-MPR, some aspects trade power efficiency for gain linearity.

[0157] If A-MPR-free resources (e.g., A-MPR zones or resources) are expandable, the NTN has more resources available for allocation to UEs. In some aspects, the network may use a defined A-MPR table specified in the radio standard when determining frequency resource allocation for UEs. The A-MPR in the radio standard may be given as less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the actual A-MPR may be less than or equal to the specified A-MPR, but not greater than the specified A-MPR. Since the defined table will apply to various types of UEs, A-MPR resources can be defined based on the UEs most affected by the A-MPR. Other UEs may have actual A-MPRs different from those defined in the radio standard. A UE's actual A-MPR may be referred to as a "UE-specific A-MPR" compared to a defined A-MPR applicable to multiple UEs. For example, a UE-specific A-MPR may include an extended set of non-A-MPR frequency resources (e.g., greater than the smallest set of frequency resources in the defined A-MPR table), for which the NTN can schedule UEs. As an example, some UEs may be designed with improved transmit power linearity and / or reduced A-MPR (e.g., where full-power transmission has a larger possible RB space). As presented herein, a UE may signal actual or UE-specific A-MPR information to the network, and the network may schedule the UE with frequency resources based on its actual A-MPR rather than a defined MPR. For example, the network may use frequency resources that are indicated to have A-MPR in the radio standard but do not have A-MPR in the information reported by the UE to the network (e.g., for the UE's actual A-MPR) to schedule the UE.

[0158] Figure 9 An example communication flow 900 between UE 902 and network node 904 is illustrated. In some aspects, the network node may be an NTN node. As an example, network node 904 may include a geostationary satellite or a portion thereof. In some aspects, network node 904 may be a terrestrial network node. In some aspects, the network node may be a base station or one or more components of a base station, and may include one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. Various aspects of this method can improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. In some aspects, this method can enable the provision of wider bandwidth services to the UE, thereby achieving increased data rates and richer service diversity.

[0159] As illustrated at 910, UE 902 may send A-MPR information for the UE to network node 904. The A-MPR information includes the UE's actual A-MPR, such as a UE-specific A-MPR, in contrast to a limited A-MPR applicable to various UEs. The A-MPR information may be for a single waveform. In some aspects, the UE may provide A-MPR information for multiple waveforms to the network node. UE-specific A-MPR areas may include A-MPR areas (e.g., a subset of frequency resources for which the A-MPR applies to the UE) and non-A-MPR areas (e.g., a subset of frequency resources for which there is no A-MPR for the UE). For example, non-A-MPR areas include frequency resources for waveforms supported by the UE without power back-off (e.g., without A-MPR). Figure 8 An example non-A-MPR area is illustrated at 740. At 912, the network node can determine the resources to allocate (or grant) to UE 902 for uplink transmission based on the UE-specific A-MPR information received from the UE at 910. Network node 904 can receive A-MPR information from multiple UEs (e.g., as shown for an additional UE 903, which transmits its UE-specific A-MPR information 911 for one or more waveforms to the network node) and can allocate frequency resources among the multiple UEs based on different A-MPR information from different UEs. For example, in some aspects, network node 904 can allocate frequency resources in the non-A-MPR area of ​​the corresponding UE.

[0160] As illustrated at 914, network node 904 sends a frequency resource allocation with resource granting or scheduling to UE 902 based on the A-MPR information provided by the UE at 910. As an example, UE 902 may receive an allocation of frequency resources in a non-A-MPR area indicated by the UE in UE-specific A-MPR information at 910. For example, the frequency resources may be in a waveform-defined A-MPR area, but in a non-A-MPR area for the actual A-MPR used by the UE. In some aspects, network node 904 may determine to allocate frequency resources to the UE in an A-MPR area for the UE, with adjustments to compensate for A-MPR. For example, at 914, network node 904 may allocate frequency resources in an A-MPR area for the UE to UE 902 and may instruct the UE to send uplink transmissions with repetition. Repetition can improve the reliability of uplink transmissions, for example, to compensate for A-MPR.

[0161] In some respects, the UE may further indicate support for increased power levels for a subset of waveforms (e.g., rather than all waveforms). Based on the indication of support for increased power levels, network node 904 can allocate frequency resources in the A-MPR area for the UE 902, as the UE is able to transmit at higher transmit power.

[0162] At 916, UE 902 sends an uplink transmission to network node 904 based on the resources allocated at 914. By providing its actual A-MPR information to the network via UE 902, the network can perform more efficient scheduling for the UE, for example, by scheduling one or more UEs in frequency resources of extended A-MPR areas supported by one or more UEs compared to the defined A-MPR. Additionally or alternatively, the network can improve scheduling efficiency by scheduling UEs for duplication based on the UE's specific A-MPR information (e.g., when frequency resources are allocated for a specific UE in an A-MPR area). For example, the network can schedule resources more efficiently by limiting duplication to UEs allocated frequency resources in the A-MPR area for the corresponding UE. UEs scheduled with frequency resources in non-A-MPR areas for the UE can be scheduled without duplication. By distinguishing between scheduling resources in A-MPR and non-A-MPR areas for the corresponding UE when scheduling duplication, the network can use radio resources more efficiently while improving communication in the A-MPR area. Alternatively, by scheduling UEs that support higher power levels in A-MPR areas, network nodes can reserve resources in non-A-MPR areas for UEs that do not support higher power levels. This allows network nodes to schedule various UEs more efficiently while maintaining reliable communication with them.

[0163] In some respects, UE 902 may send an indication at 906 for support to provide UE-specific A-MPR information. Based on UE support, in some respects, network node 904 may send an indication or request at 908 for UE 902 to provide UE-specific A-MPR information. In response, at 910, UE 902 may send A-MPR information for the UE.

[0164] In some respects, network nodes can schedule uplink transmission repetitions that target UEs scheduled within frequency resources in the A-MPR area for the waveform. In some respects, the target use of repetitions may be referred to as allocation-based repetitions. Figure 10An example communication flow 1000, including allocation-based duplication, is illustrated between network node 1004 and UEs 1002 and 1003. In some aspects, network node 1004 may be an NTN node. As an example, network node 1004 may include a geostationary satellite or a portion thereof. In some aspects, network node 1004 may be a terrestrial network node. In some aspects, the network node may be a base station or one or more components of a base station, and may include one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. Various aspects of this method can improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. In some aspects, the method can achieve more efficient use of radio resources by reducing the use of duplicated resources through duplication for UEs scheduled in waveform-specific A-MPR zones.

[0165] As shown at 1006, network node 1004 determines the scheduling for uplink transmissions for one or more UEs (e.g., 1002 and 1003) based on the location of the allocated frequency resources relative to the A-MPR resources.

[0166] At 1008, network node 1004 sends a resource allocation instruction to UE 1002. Network node 1004 allocates resources in the A-MPR area for the waveform and schedules the UE to repeat the transmission based on the resources being in the A-MPR area for the waveform. UE 1002 then uses the allocated resources to transmit uplink transmission 1010, and one or more repetitions of uplink transmission 1012. Network node 1004 sends a resource allocation instruction to UE 1003, granting access to resources in the non-A-MPR area for the waveform, and schedules UE 1003 to transmit without repetition based on the resources being in the non-A-MPR area for the waveform. UE 1003 then transmits an initial (or single) uplink transmission 1016 without repetition (or with fewer repetitions) based on the scheduling information received by UE 1003 at 1014. For example, the number of repetitions may be based on whether the frequency resources are in or overlap with the A-MPR area. In some aspects, network nodes can schedule additional uplink communication (e.g., 1018) with less repetition than the communication scheduled at 1014, based on the uplink transmission 1018 being scheduled for frequency resources associated with a lower A-MPR than the frequency resource 1014 used for uplink transmission. For example, the amount of repetition for communication can be based on A-MPR information, such as whether the frequency resource overlaps with an A-MPR region for the waveform, and / or based on the level of A-MPR associated with the frequency resource.

[0167] In some respects, the A-MPR area used by network node 1004 can be a UE-specific A-MPR area, for example, as combined with Figure 9 As described. In some aspects, the A-MPR zone for a waveform may be based on a defined A-MPR table specified in the radio standard. In some aspects, network node 1004 may use UE-specific A-MPR information (if provided by the UE) and may use a defined A-MPR table (if the UE does not provide UE-specific A-MPR information). The use of A-MPR information enables the network node to schedule repetitions on a per-UE basis, for example, based on frequencies for which resources are allocated relative to the A-MPR.

[0168] Since frequency resources with A-MPR (e.g., RBs) might otherwise not be used, targeted use and reuse of resources to improve link budgets enable network nodes to schedule UEs using a wider range of frequency resources. Although reuse of more network resources and potentially increased latency are possible, reuse makes it possible to use RBs that might otherwise not be used.

[0169] In some respects, resource scheduling relative to the A-MPR zone for a waveform can be based on the UE's power class for that waveform. As an example, a power class 2 (PC2) UE or a power class 1.5 (PC1.5) UE may be allowed higher transmit power, such as a maximum output power of 26 dBm for PC2 and 29 dBm for PC1.5. Such a UE may be referred to as a high-power UE (HPUE). The UE may still experience A-MPR, and in some cases, A-MPR may be scaled 1:1 with the output power. However, there may be a subset of waveforms (e.g., one or more waveform options in the waveform options) where the HPUE can transmit at a higher power (e.g., at least 23 dBm) compared to a power class 3 (PC3) UE that may have a maximum output power of 23 dBm before A-MPR. Figure 11Illustrates an example communication flow 1100 including the allocation of power level information based on a specific waveform between network node 1104 and UEs 1102 and 1103. In some aspects, network node 1104 can be an NTN node. As an example, network node 1104 can include a geostationary satellite or be part of a geostationary satellite. In some aspects, network node 1104 can be a terrestrial network node. In some aspects, the network node can be a base station or one or more components of a base station, and can include one or more of a CU, DU, and / RU. Various aspects of the method can improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting the transmission requirements. In some aspects, the method can achieve more efficient use of radio resources by scheduling UEs that support a higher power level for a waveform to frequency resources in the A-MPR region for the waveform, so as to reserve non-A-MPR resources for UEs that do not support increased transmission power. By leaving non-A-MPR resources for UEs (such as PC3 UEs), the network can use the available resources more efficiently. The UE can facilitate network scheduling by signaling to the network its power level for one or more waveforms, for example, as a supplement or alternative to signaling A-MPR information as described in conjunction with Figure 9 described.

[0170] As an example, Figure 11 illustrates UE 1102 sending an indication to network node 1104 of support for a higher power level for a subset of waveforms 1108. For example, in a set of M waveforms, the UE can indicate that it supports an increased power level for N of the M waveforms, where N < M, and where N and M are both integers greater than 1. For example, the indication of the power level can be specific to one or more waveforms. In some aspects, the UE can indicate the power level for a single waveform individually. At 1110, network node 1104 can schedule UE 1102 with a resource allocation for an uplink transmission in the A-MPR region of the frequency resources of the waveform for which UE 1102 has indicated an increased power level. At 1110, UE 1102 uses the frequency resources in the A-MPR region for the waveform to send an uplink transmission 1112 based on the allocated resources. The UE can send the uplink transmission 1112 at an increased transmission power, for example, based on the higher power level supported by the UE for the waveform.

[0171] At 1114, network node 1104 may allocate resources to UE 1103 in the non-A-MPR area for the waveform, where the waveform does not support a higher power level (or does not indicate support for a higher power level for the waveform). At 1116, UE 1103 may then use the frequency resources in the non-A-MPR area for the waveform to transmit uplink data based on the resource allocation received at 1114. For example, based on the fact that UE 1103 supports a lower power level with a lower maximum output power for the waveform compared to the power level supported by UE 1102 for the waveform, the uplink transmission at 1116 may have a lower transmission power compared to the uplink transmission at 1112.

[0172] Figure 1200 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 204, 450, 504, 524, 605, 824, 826, 804, 806, 808, 902, 903, 1002, 1003, 1102, 1103; device 1704). This method can help improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. This method helps provide wider bandwidth services to the UE, thereby achieving higher data rates and richer service diversity.

[0173] At 1202, the UE sends UE-associated A-MPR information for one or more waveforms to the network node. For example, the A-MPR information may be UE-supported A-MPR. In some aspects, the A-MPR information may indicate UE-specific A-MPR information. In some aspects, the network node is an NTN node. In some aspects, the network node may be a ground node. In some aspects, the UE-associated A-MPR information indicates at least one of an A-MPR area for frequency resources for one or more waveforms and a non-A-MPR area for frequency resources for one or more waveforms. In some aspects, the non-A-MPR area includes a subset of frequency resources for one or more waveforms supported by the UE without power backoff. This transmission may be, for example, by a device such as... Figure 17 The device 1704 may be used to perform this function by one or more of the A-MPR component 198, one or more transceivers 1722 and / or one or more antennas 1780. Figure 9 An example is shown where UE 902 sends A-MPR information to network node 906.

[0174] At 1204, the UE communicates with the network node based on A-MPR information associated with the UE. In some aspects, the UE receives resource allocations for the UE in non-A-MPR areas of frequency resources. For communication, the UE can use frequency resources in non-A-MPR areas for one or more waveforms to transmit uplink transmissions. To communicate with the network node based on A-MPR information associated with the UE, the UE can receive resource allocations with repetition in A-MPR areas of frequency resources for one or more waveforms. For example, the UE can receive resource allocations with repetition based on resource allocations that at least partially overlap with A-MPR areas of frequency resources for one or more waveforms. The UE can receive additional resource allocations in non-A-MPR areas for additional uplink communication without repetition (or with less repetition) based on additional resource allocations. The UE can receive additional resource allocations with fewer repetitions in frequency resources with a lower A-MPR than resource allocations with repetition based on additional resource allocations. Figure 10 An example is illustrated of UE 1002 transmitting repetitive uplink transmissions within an A-MPR area for frequency resources of a waveform. This communication can be, for example, by a device such as... Figure 17 The device 1704 may be equipped with one or more of the A-MPR component 198, one or more transceivers 1722, and / or one or more antennas 1780. For example, Figure 9 An example is shown where UE902 uses frequency resources allocated at 916 based on the A-MPR information provided by the UE to the network node to transmit uplink data.

[0175] In some respects, the UE may indicate that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms. The UE may also receive resource allocations in the A-MPR area for frequency resources of one or more waveforms for which the UE supports increased power levels. Figure 11 An example is illustrated where a UE is scheduled using resource allocation based on an increased power level. This indication and / or reception can be, for example, by a... Figure 17 The device 1704 may be used to perform this function by one or more of the A-MPR component 198, one or more transceivers 1722 and / or one or more antennas 1780.

[0176] Figure 1300 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 204, 450, 504, 524, 605, 824, 826, 804, 806, 808, 902, 903, 1002, 1003, 1102, 1103; device 1704). This method can help improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. In some aspects, this method can achieve more efficient use of wireless resources by reducing the use of redundant resources in the A-MPR region of the waveform of UEs with waveforms supporting higher power levels.

[0177] At point 1302, the UE sends an indication to the network node regarding support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms. As an example, this indication could suggest that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms within a larger set of possible waveforms. This transmission could be, for example, by a network node such as... Figure 17 The device 1704 may be used to perform this function by one or more of the A-MPR component 198, one or more transceivers 1722 and / or one or more antennas 1780. Figure 11 An example is shown where UE 1102 indicates a higher power level to the network for a specific subset of waveforms.

[0178] At 1304, the UE receives scheduling information from the network node for the waveform in the waveform subset, which indicates frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on supporting the increased power level. This reception can be, for example, by a network node such as... Figure 17 The device 1704 may be used to perform this function by one or more of the A-MPR component 198, one or more transceivers 1722 and / or one or more antennas 1780. Figure 11 An example is given of UE 1102 receiving frequency resource allocations in the A-MPR area for a waveform based on the higher power level of the UE for that waveform.

[0179] The UE can then use the waveform and the frequency resources in the A-MPR area for that waveform to transmit communication, with increased transmit power. This transmission can be, for example, by... Figure 17 The device 1704 may be used to perform this function by one or more of the A-MPR component 198, one or more transceivers 1722 and / or one or more antennas 1780. Figure 11 An example is shown at 1112, where UE 1102 transmits uplink data at increased transmit power in the A-MPR zone for the frequency resources of the waveform.

[0180] Figure 1400 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. This method may be performed by network nodes (such as base stations or one or more components of base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 202, 410, 502, 802; CU 106, 210; DU 105, 230; RU 109, 240; airborne equipment 522); Figures 6A to 6C One or more network nodes in the network; network nodes at satellite 822; network nodes 904, 1004, 1104; network entity 1802) to perform the operation. In some respects, the network nodes are NTN nodes. In some respects, the network nodes can be ground nodes. This method can help improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. This method helps provide wider bandwidth services to the UE, thereby achieving higher data rates and richer service diversity.

[0181] At 1402, the network node obtains UE-associated A-MPR information for one or more waveforms. As an example, the network node may receive A-MPR information sent by the UE that informs the network node of a UE-specific A-MPR associated with the UE for the waveform, for example, the opposite of a defined A-MPR. The A-MPR information may indicate UE-specific A-MPR information. The UE-associated A-MPR information may indicate at least one of an A-MPR region for frequency resources for one or more waveforms and a non-A-MPR region for frequency resources for one or more waveforms. The non-A-MPR region may include a subset of frequency resources for one or more waveforms supported by the UE without power backoff. Figure 9 An example is illustrated where a network node 904 receives UE-specific A-MPR information from a UE 902. This reception can be, for example, by a network node 904 such as... Figure 18 The scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846 and / or one or more antennas 1880 in the network entity 1802 shall perform the task.

[0182] At 1404, the network node schedules communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. For example, the network node may allocate frequency resources for uplink transmissions from the UE based on UE-specific A-MPR information. Figure 9 This example illustrates how network node 904 schedules frequency resources for UE 902 based on A-MPR information received from the UE by the network node. Scheduling can be, for example, by... Figure 18 The scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846 and / or one or more antennas 1880 in the network entity 1802 shall perform the task.

[0183] In some aspects, in order to schedule communication from a UE based on A-MPR information associated with the UE, a network node can schedule communication from the UE in a non-A-MPR zone for frequency resources of one or more waveforms. In some aspects, in order to schedule communication from a UE based on A-MPR information associated with the UE, a network node can schedule repeating communication from the UE in an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of one or more waveforms. Figure 10 An example is given of network node 1004 scheduling a repeating UE 1002 in the A-MPR area for frequency resources of waveform.

[0184] In some aspects, network nodes can obtain indications of the increased power levels supported by the UE for a subset of waveforms. In other aspects, in order to schedule communications from the UE based on A-MPR information associated with the UE, network nodes can schedule communications from the UE in the A-MPR zone of frequency resources for one or more waveforms for which the UE supports increased power levels. Figure 11 An example is shown where network node 1104 schedules UE 1102 in an A-MPR zone for frequency resources for a waveform based on the UE supporting a higher power level for that waveform.

[0185] Figure 1500 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. This method may be performed by network nodes (such as base stations or one or more components of base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 202, 410, 502, 802; CU 106, 210; DU 105, 230; RU 109, 240; airborne equipment 522); Figures 6A to 6C This method can be performed by one or more network nodes; network nodes at satellite 822; network nodes 904, 1004, and 1104; and network entity 1802. In some aspects, the network nodes are NTN nodes. In some aspects, the network nodes can be ground nodes. This method can help improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. In some aspects, this method can achieve more efficient use of radio resources by using A-MPR frequency resources for the UE that support higher power levels for the corresponding waveform.

[0186] At point 1502, the network node receives an indication to the UE that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms. In some respects, the indication of support for an increased power level can be for a subset of waveforms from a larger set of possible waveforms. For example, the power level may apply to some waveforms but not others. Figure 11 An example is illustrated where network node 1104 receives an indication of a higher power level from UE 1102. This reception can be, for example, by a device such as... Figure 18The scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846 and / or one or more antennas 1880 in the network entity 1802 shall perform the task.

[0187] At 1504, the network node schedules communication from the UE in frequency resources within the A-MPR area for the frequency resources of the waveform based on support for the increased power level. Figure 11 This example illustrates how network node 1104 schedules UE 1102 using frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​a waveform based on the UE's support for a higher power level for that waveform. Scheduling can be, for example, by... Figure 18 The scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846 and / or one or more antennas 1880 in the network entity 1802 shall perform the task.

[0188] In some respects, network nodes can also schedule one or more UEs supporting non-increased power levels in non-A-MPR areas for frequency resources corresponding to a waveform. For example, UEs that do not have a higher power level for the corresponding waveform can be scheduled in non-A-MPR areas. By reserving non-A-MPR areas for UEs with lower power levels, network nodes can schedule network frequency resources more efficiently. Scheduling can be, for example, by means of... Figure 18 The scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846 and / or one or more antennas 1880 in the network entity 1802 shall perform the task.

[0189] Figure 1600 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. This method may be performed by network nodes (such as base stations or one or more components of base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 202, 410, 502, 802; CU 106, 210; DU 105, 230; RU 109, 240; airborne equipment 522); Figures 6A to 6C One or more network nodes in the network; network nodes at satellite 822; network nodes 904, 1004, 1104; network entity 1802) to perform the operation. In some aspects, the network nodes are NTN nodes. In some aspects, the network nodes can be ground nodes. This method can help improve the scheduling efficiency and / or reliability of uplink transmissions while meeting transmission requirements. In some aspects, this method can achieve more efficient use of radio resources by reducing the use of redundant resources by reusing them for UEs scheduled in the waveform-specific A-MPR area.

[0190] At 1602, the network node schedules repetitive communications from the UE based on the A-MPR zone for frequency resources of the waveform. Figure 10An example is illustrated where network node 1004 schedules UE 1002 with frequency resources in an A-MPR zone that is repetitive and waveform-specific. In some aspects, A-MPR zones and non-A-MPR zones can be defined, for example, in a radio standard. In some aspects, the network node can receive UE-specific A-MPR information from the UE, such as in conjunction with... Figure 9 As described. Scheduling can be, for example, by, such as Figure 18 The scheduling is performed by one or more of the following: a scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846, and / or one or more antennas 1880 in network entity 1802. Scheduling can be based on A-MPR zones because if the frequency resources for scheduled communication are in an A-MPR zone, the network node can schedule communication with repetition (or more repetitions), and if the frequency resources for scheduled communication are in a non-A-MPR zone, the network node can schedule communication without repetition (or with fewer repetitions). As an additional example, the network node can schedule different amounts of repetition based on A-MPR; for example, scheduling a higher number of repetitions for communication in frequency resources associated with a higher A-MPR amount, and scheduling a fewer number of repetitions for communication in frequency resources with a lower A-MPR amount.

[0191] At 1604, the network node receives repeated communications. For example, the network node may receive one or more uplink transmissions based on the scheduling provided to the UE at 1602. Figure 10 This example illustrates network node 1004 receiving uplink transmissions and repetitions of uplink transmissions within an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of a waveform. This reception can be, for example, by... Figure 18 The scheduling component 199, one or more transceivers 1846 and / or one or more antennas 1880 in the network entity 1802 shall perform the task.

[0192] In some respects, network nodes can also schedule additional uplink communications that do not repeat in non-A-MPR zones for frequency resources of waveforms.

[0193] Figure 17Figure 1700 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of device 1704. Device 1704 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or implement UE functionality. In some aspects, device 1704 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1724 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1722 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). Cellular baseband processor 1724 (or processor circuitry) may include at least one on-chip memory 1724' (or memory circuitry). In some aspects, device 1704 may also include one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1720 and at least one application processor 1706 coupled to a Secure Digital Card (SD) card 1708 and a screen 1710. Application processor 1706 may include on-chip memory 1706'. In some aspects, device 1704 may also include a Bluetooth module 1712, a WLAN module 1714, an SPS module 1716 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1718 (e.g., a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1726, a power supply 1730, and / or a camera 1732. Bluetooth module 1712, WLAN module 1714, and SPS module 1716 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). Bluetooth module 1712, WLAN module 1714, and SPS module 1716 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1780. Cellular baseband processor 1724 (or processor circuitry) communicates with UE 104 and / or RU associated with the same network entity 1702 via transceiver 1722 through one or more antennas 1780. Cellular baseband processor 1724 and application processor 1706 (or processor circuitry) may each include computer-readable media / memory 1724', 1706' (or memory circuitry). An additional memory module 1726 may also be considered a computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1724', 1706', 1726 may be non-transitory. Cellular baseband processor 1724 and application processor 1706 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. When executed by cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706, the software causes cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 to perform the various functions described above. The cellular baseband processor 1724 and application processor 1706 are configured to perform the various functions described above, at least in part, based on information stored in memory.That is, the cellular baseband processor 1724 and application processor 1706 can be configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described above without information stored in memory, and can be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described above based on information stored in memory. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 during software execution. The cellular baseband processor 1724 / application processor 1706 can be a component of the UE 450 and can include at least one of a memory 460 and / or a TX processor 468, an RX processor 456, and a controller / processor 459. In one configuration, the device 1704 can be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and includes only the cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706, while in another configuration, the device 1704 can be the entire UE (e.g., see below). Figure 4 The UE450 includes an additional module of the device 1704.

[0194] As discussed above, A-MPR component 198 can be configured to send A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms to a network node; and to communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. A-MPR component 198 can be configured to receive resource allocations for the UE in non-A-MPR areas of frequency resources. A-MPR component 198 can be configured to receive resource allocations with overlap based on resource allocations that at least partially overlap with A-MPR areas of frequency resources for one or more waveforms. A-MPR component 198 can be configured to indicate support for increased power levels for a subset of waveforms. A-MPR component 198 can be configured to receive resource allocations in A-MPR areas of frequency resources for waveforms for which increased power levels are supported by the UE. A-MPR component 198 can be configured to send an indication to a network node that it supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and to receive from the network node scheduling information for the waveforms in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in the A-MPR area for the waveform based on support for the increased power level. A-MPR component 198 can be configured to transmit communication using the waveform and the frequency resources in the A-MPR area for the waveform at the increased transmit power. A-MPR component 198 can also be configured to perform combination... Figure 12 or Figure 13 Any aspect described in the flowchart and / or by Figure 9 , Figure 10 and / or Figure 11The A-MPR component 198 may reside within the cellular baseband processor 1724, the application processor 1706, or both the cellular baseband processor 1724 and the application processor 1706. The A-MPR component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the device 1704 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1704 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or the application processor 1706) may include components for transmitting UE-associated A-MPR information for one or more waveforms to a network node; and components for communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. The apparatus may further include components for receiving resource allocations for the UE in a non-A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources. The apparatus may further include components for receiving resource allocations with overlapping frequencies based on resource allocations that at least partially overlap with A-MPR areas of frequency resources for one or more waveforms. The apparatus may further include components for indicating support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms. The apparatus may further include components for receiving resource allocations in A-MPR areas of frequency resources for waveforms for which the UE supports an increased power level. The apparatus may include components for sending an indication to a network node that supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and components for receiving from the network node scheduling information for waveforms in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform based on support for the increased power level. The apparatus may further include components for transmitting communications using the waveform at increased transmit power and frequency resources in the A-MPR area of ​​the waveform. The apparatus may further include components for performing a combination. Figure 12 or Figure 13 Any aspect described in the flowchart and / or by Figure 9 , Figure 10 and / or Figure 11 The component can be any aspect of the UE's execution. This component can be an A-MPR component 198 of apparatus 1704 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, apparatus 1704 may include a TX processor 468, an RX processor 456, and a controller / processor 459. Therefore, in one configuration, the component can be the TX processor 468, the RX processor 456, and / or the controller / processor 459 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0195] Figure 18 Figure 1800 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of network entity 1802. Network entity 1802 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or implement BS functionality. In some aspects, the network entity may be an NTN node. In some aspects, the network entity may be a node of a terrestrial network. Network entity 1802 may include at least one of CU 1810, DU 1830, or RU 1840. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by scheduling component 199, network entity 1802 may include CU 1810; both CU 1810 and DU 1830; each of CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840; DU 1830; both DU 1830 and RU 1840; or RU 1840. CU 1810 may include at least one CU processor 1812 (or processor circuitry). CU processor 1812 may include on-chip memory 1812' (or memory circuitry). In some aspects, CU 1810 may also include an additional memory module 1814 and a communication interface 1818. CU 1810 communicates with DU 1830 via a midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DU 1830 may include at least one DU processor 1832. DU processor 1832 (or processor circuitry) may include on-chip memory 1832' (or memory circuitry). In some aspects, DU 1830 may also include an additional memory module 1834 and a communication interface 1838. DU 1830 communicates with RU 1840 via a fronthaul link. RU 1840 may include at least one RU processor 1842. RU processor 1842 (or processor circuitry) may include on-chip memory 1842' (or memory circuitry). In some aspects, RU 1840 may also include an additional memory module 1844, one or more transceivers 1846, an antenna 1880, and a communication interface 1848. RU 1840 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1812', 1832', 1842' and additional memory modules 1814, 1834, 1844 can each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1812, 1832, 1842 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0196] As discussed above, scheduling component 199 can be configured to obtain A-MPR information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms; and to schedule communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to schedule communication from the UE in a non-A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for the waveform. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to schedule repeating communication from the UE in an A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for the waveform. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to obtain an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to schedule communication from the UE in an A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for waveforms for which the UE supports an increased power level. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to obtain an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and to schedule communication from the UE in frequency resources within the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for that waveform based on support for the increased power level. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to schedule one or more UEs supporting non-increased power levels in a non-A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for a waveform. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to schedule repeating communications from UEs in an A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for a waveform; and to acquire such repeating communications. Scheduling component 199 can be configured to schedule additional uplink communications without repeating in a non-A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for a waveform. Scheduling component 199 can also be configured to perform a combination... Figure 14 , Figure 15 and / or Figure 16 Any aspect described in the flowchart and / or by Figure 9 , Figure 10 and / or Figure 11The scheduling component 199 may be any aspect of the network node's execution in any of the following aspects. The scheduling component 199 may be located within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840. The scheduling component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1802 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1802 may include components for obtaining A-MPR information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms; and components for scheduling communications from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE. The scheduling components may schedule communications from the UE in a non-A-MPR zone of frequency resources for the waveform. The scheduling components may schedule repetitive communications from the UE in an A-MPR zone of frequency resources for the waveform. The network entity may include components for obtaining an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms. Scheduling components may schedule communication from the UE in an A-MPR area of ​​frequency resources for the waveform for which the UE supports the increased power level. The network entity may include components for obtaining an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and components for scheduling communication from the UE in frequency resources within the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform based on support for the increased power level. The network entity may include components for scheduling one or more UEs supporting a non-increased power level in a non-A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform. The network entity may include components for scheduling repeating communication from the UE in an A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform; and components for obtaining the repeating communication. The network entity may include components for scheduling additional uplink communication without repeating in a non-A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the waveform. The network entity may also include components for performing combination. Figure 14 , Figure 15 and / or Figure 16 Any aspect described in the flowchart and / or by Figure 9 , Figure 10 and / or Figure 11The component can be any aspect of the functions performed by the network node. The component can be a scheduling component 199 of network entity 1802 configured to perform the functions described therein. As described above, network entity 1802 may include a TX processor 416, an RX processor 470, and a controller / processor 475. Therefore, in one configuration, the component can be the TX processor 416, the RX processor 470, and / or the controller / processor 475 configured to perform the functions described therein.

[0197] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowcharts is merely an example of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowcharts may be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of various boxes in a sample order, but are not limited to the given specific order or hierarchy.

[0198] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular form do not mean “one and only one” but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “simultaneously” do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as “when,” do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply suggest that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" can be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a collection of elements having one or more elements. Therefore, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to execute a set of functions, the at least one processor is configured to execute the set of functions individually or in any combination. Therefore, each processor in at least one processor can be configured to perform a specific subset of the set of functions, wherein the subset is the complete set, a suitable subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as a processor circuit. A memory / memory module may be referred to as a memory circuit. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, data can be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices through a set of devices. A device configured to "output" or "provide" data (such as transmission, signaling, or messaging) may, for example, transmit data using a transceiver, or may transmit the data to the device that sent the data.A device configured to "acquire" data (such as, transmit, signal, or message) may receive the data, for example, using a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to those skilled in the art or will later be known are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc., cannot replace the word "component." Therefore, no claim element will be construed as a functional component unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0199] As used in this article, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be interpreted as “based on at least A”, unless otherwise stated otherwise.

[0200] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0201] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: sending A-MPR information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms to a network node; and communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0202] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, wherein the A-MPR information indicates UE-specific A-MPR information.

[0203] Aspect 3 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the network node is a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node.

[0204] Aspect 4 is the method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the A-MPR information associated with the UE indicates at least one of an A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms and a non-A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms.

[0205] Aspect 5 is the method according to aspect 4, wherein the non-A-MPR region includes a subset of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms supported by the UE without power back-off.

[0206] Aspect 6 is the method according to aspect 4 or 5, wherein communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE includes: receiving resource allocation for the UE in the non-A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources.

[0207] Aspect 7 is the method according to aspect 4 or 5, wherein communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information includes: receiving resource allocations with duplicates based on resource allocations that at least partially overlap with the A-MPR regions of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms.

[0208] Aspect 8 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, the method further comprising: indicating support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms.

[0209] Aspect 9 is the method according to aspect 8, wherein communicating with the network node based on the A-MPR information includes: receiving resource allocation in an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of one or more waveforms for which the UE supports the increased power level.

[0210] Aspect 10 is a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: sending to a network node an indication of support for an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and receiving from the network node scheduling information for waveforms in the subset of waveforms, the scheduling information indicating frequency resources in an A-MPR area of ​​the waveforms based on support for the increased power level.

[0211] Aspect 11 is the method according to aspect 10, the method further comprising: transmitting communication using the waveform and the frequency resources in the A-MPR region for the waveform at an increased transmission power.

[0212] Aspect 12 is the method according to aspect 10 or 11, wherein the indication indicates that the UE supports the increased power level for a subset of the waveforms in a larger set of possible waveforms.

[0213] Aspect 13 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: obtaining A-MPR information associated with a UE for one or more waveforms; and scheduling communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

[0214] Aspect 14 is the method according to aspect 13, wherein the network node is an NTN node.

[0215] Aspect 15 is the method according to aspect 13 or 14, wherein the A-MPR information indicates UE-specific A-MPR information.

[0216] Aspect 16 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 15, wherein the A-MPR information associated with the UE indicates at least one of an A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms and a non-A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms.

[0217] Aspect 17 is the method according to aspect 16, wherein the non-A-MPR region includes a subset of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms supported by the UE without power back-off.

[0218] Aspect 18 is the method according to aspect 16 or 17, wherein scheduling the communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE comprises: scheduling the communication from the UE in the non-A-MPR zone of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms.

[0219] Aspect 19 is the method according to aspect 16 or 17, wherein scheduling the communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE comprises: scheduling the communication with repetition from the UE in the A-MPR zone of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms.

[0220] Aspect 20 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 16, the method further comprising: obtaining an indication that the UE supports an increased power level for a waveform subset.

[0221] Aspect 21 is the method according to aspect 20, wherein scheduling the communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE comprises: scheduling the communication from the UE in an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of the one or more waveforms for which the UE supports the increased power level.

[0222] Aspect 22 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: obtaining an indication that a UE supports an increased power level for a subset of waveforms; and scheduling communication from the UE in frequency resources in an A-MPR area for the frequency resources of the waveforms based on the support for the increased power level.

[0223] Aspect 23 is the method according to aspect 22, the method further comprising: scheduling one or more UEs supporting non-increased power levels in a non-A-MPR zone of the frequency resource for the waveform.

[0224] Aspect 24 is the method according to aspect 22 or 23, wherein the indication supporting the increased power level is directed to the subset of waveforms from a larger set of possible waveforms.

[0225] Aspect 25 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: scheduling repeating communication from a UE based on an A-MPR zone for frequency resources of a waveform; and obtaining the repeating communication.

[0226] Aspect 26 is the method according to aspect 25, the method further comprising: scheduling additional uplink communication without the duplication in a non-A-MPR zone of the frequency resource for the waveform.

[0227] Aspect 27 is the method according to aspect 25 or 26, the method further comprising: scheduling additional uplink communication with fewer repetitions than scheduling the repetitive communication based on the uplink communication being scheduled for a first frequency resource associated with an A-MPR that is higher than the second frequency resource scheduled for additional uplink communication.

[0228] Aspect 28 is the method according to any one of aspects 25 to 27, wherein the A-MPR region and the non-A-MPR region are defined.

[0229] Aspect 29 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0230] Aspect 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising components for performing each step of the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0231] Aspect 31 is an apparatus according to any one of aspects 29 to 30, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or transmit in association with the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0232] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) that stores computer-executable code at a UE, the code causing the UE to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9 when executed by at least one processor.

[0233] Aspect 33 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to perform a method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12.

[0234] Aspect 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising components for performing each step of the method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12.

[0235] Aspect 35 is an apparatus according to any one of aspects 34 to 35, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or transmit in association with the method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12.

[0236] Aspect 36 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) that stores computer-executable code at a UE, the code causing the UE to perform a method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12 when executed by at least one processor.

[0237] Aspect 37 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21.

[0238] Aspect 38 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising components for performing each step of the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21.

[0239] Aspect 39 is an apparatus according to any one of aspects 37 to 38, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or transmit in association with the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21.

[0240] Aspect 40 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) storing computer-executable code at a network node, the code causing the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21 when executed by at least one processor.

[0241] Aspect 41 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the network node to perform a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24.

[0242] Aspect 42 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising components for performing each step of the method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24.

[0243] Aspect 43 is an apparatus according to any one of aspects 41 to 42, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or transmit in association with the method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24.

[0244] Aspect 44 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) that stores computer-executable code at a network node, the code causing the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24 when executed by at least one processor.

[0245] Aspect 45 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 25 to 28.

[0246] Aspect 45 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising components for performing each step of the method according to any one of aspects 25 to 28.

[0247] Aspect 46 is an apparatus according to any one of aspects 45 to 46, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or transmit in association with the method according to any one of aspects 25 to 28.

[0248] Aspect 48 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) that stores computer-executable code at a network node, the code causing the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 25 to 28 when executed by at least one processor.

[0249] Aspect 49 is a UE, the UE comprising: a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry, the memory circuitry storing code and coupled to the processor circuitry, the processing system being configured to cause the UE to: perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9.

[0250] Aspect 50 is a UE, the UE comprising: a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry, the memory circuitry storing code and coupled to the processor circuitry, the processing system being configured to cause the UE to: perform a method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12.

[0251] Aspect 51 is a network node comprising: a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry, the memory circuitry storing code and coupled to the processor circuitry, the processing system being configured to cause the network node to: perform a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21.

[0252] Aspect 52 is a network node comprising: a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry, the memory circuitry storing code and coupled to the processor circuitry, the processing system being configured to cause the network node to: perform a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24.

[0253] Aspect 53 is a network node comprising: a processing system including processor circuitry and memory circuitry, the memory circuitry storing code and coupled to the processor circuitry, the processing system being configured to cause the network node to: perform the method according to any one of aspects 25 to 28.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, and said one or more processors configured to cause the UE to: Sending additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) information associated with the UE for one or more waveforms to the network node; and The UE communicates with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with it.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more antennas coupled to the one or more processors, and the A-MPR information indicates UE-specific A-MPR information.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the network node is a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the A-MPR information associated with the UE indicates at least one of an A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms and a non-A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the non-A-MPR region comprises a subset of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms supported by the UE without power back-off.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, in order to communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: Receive resource allocation for the UE in the non-A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, in order to communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: The resource allocation with duplication is received based on the resource allocation that at least partially overlaps with the A-MPR region of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or in any combination further configured to cause the UE to: This indicates that additional power levels are supported for a subset of waveforms.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, in order to communicate with the network node based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: Receive resource allocation in the A-MPR area for frequency resources of one or more waveforms that support the increased power level for the UE.

10. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, said one or more processors being configured to cause the UE to: Send an indication to network nodes that additional power levels are supported for a subset of waveforms; as well as The network node receives scheduling information for waveforms in the waveform subset, wherein the scheduling information indicates frequency resources in the additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR) region of the waveform based on supporting the increased power level.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: The waveform and the frequency resources in the A-MPR region for the waveform are used to transmit communication with increased transmission power.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more antennas coupled to the one or more processors, and the indication indicates that the UE supports the increased power level for a subset of the waveforms in a larger set of possible waveforms.

13. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, and said one or more processors configured to cause the network node to: Obtain Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR) information associated with User Equipment (UE) for one or more waveforms; and Communication from the UE is scheduled based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the network node is a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the A-MPR information indicates UE-specific A-MPR information.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the A-MPR information associated with the UE indicates at least one of an A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms and a non-A-MPR region for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the non-A-MPR region comprises a subset of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms supported by the UE without power back-off.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, in order to schedule the communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE, the one or more processors are configured to cause the network node to: The communication from the UE is scheduled in the non-A-MPR zone of the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, in order to schedule the communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE, the one or more processors are configured to cause the network node to: The communication with repetition from the UE is scheduled in the A-MPR area of ​​the frequency resources for the one or more waveforms.

20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to: Obtain an indication to the UE of supporting an increased power level for a waveform subset.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, in order to schedule the communication from the UE based on the A-MPR information associated with the UE, the one or more processors are configured to cause the network node to: The communication from the UE is scheduled in the A-MPR area for the frequency resources of the one or more waveforms that support the increased power level for the UE.

22. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more antennas coupled to the one or more processors.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, said one or more processors being configured to cause the network node to: Obtain indication of the user equipment (UE) to support additional power levels for waveform subsets; as well as Based on supporting the increased power level, communication from the UE is scheduled in frequency resources within the Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR) zone for the frequency resources of the waveform.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to: Schedule one or more UEs supporting non-increased power levels in the non-A-MPR zone of the frequency resources for the waveform.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the indication supporting the increased power level is directed to a subset of the waveforms from a larger set of possible waveforms.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more antennas coupled to the one or more processors.

27. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: One or more memory units; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, said one or more processors being configured to cause the network node to: Repetitive communications from User Equipment (UE) are scheduled based on the Additional Maximum Power Reduction (A-MPR) zone for frequency resources targeting the waveform; and The communication with the repeat is obtained.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more antennas coupled to the one or more processors, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to: In the non-A-MPR zone of the frequency resource for the waveform, additional uplink communication without the duplication is scheduled.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the network node to: The additional uplink communication with fewer repetitions than the communication with repetitions is scheduled based on the first frequency resource associated with a higher A-MPR than the second frequency resource scheduled for additional uplink communication.

30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the A-MPR region and the non-A-MPR region are defined.

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