Air filtering device for civil air defense engineering

Abstract

The utility model relates to an air filtering device for civil air defense engineering, and belongs to the technical field of ventilation and purification of civil air defense engineering. The air filtering device for civil air defense engineering comprises an air inlet pipe, a filter screen and a flow guide fan, the filter screen is arranged at an inlet of the air inlet pipe, and the flow guide fan is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet pipe; the purification mechanism comprises a separation assembly communicating with the air inlet pipe, a dust collection assembly is arranged below the separation assembly, and the separation assembly communicates with the dust collection assembly; the centrifugal blades are arranged in the separation assembly, and the bottom end of the air inlet pipe is arranged to be in a barrel cone shape, so that polluted air is accelerated through the conical air collecting hood, forms rotating airflow through the guide blades, enters the cyclone barrel, is purified and discharged in the cyclone barrel, no electric drive is needed in the process, and even if electric power is interrupted in wartime, the pollution is avoided. The device can still continuously operate to purify the gas entering the air-raid shelter, and the use limitation of the device is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ventilation and purification technology for civil defense projects, and in particular to an air filtration device for civil defense projects. Background Technology

[0002] As wartime shelters, the air quality inside civil defense projects directly impacts the survival conditions of personnel. Currently, civil defense projects generally use mechanical ventilation combined with simple filtration to maintain air circulation, but this method suffers from low filtration efficiency and inability to cope with nuclear, biological, and chemical contamination. In recent years, with the maturation of civilian technologies such as PM2.5 filtration and activated carbon adsorption, some new civil defense projects have begun to integrate HEPA filters and chemical adsorption layers. However, due to the unique structure of underground spaces, technical bottlenecks such as large equipment size and difficult maintenance remain. International mainstream research focuses on the development of modular filter units and the optimization of low-resistance structures, while domestic research emphasizes rapid replacement technology for emergency filter materials during wartime.

[0003] As shown in the reference case "An anti-toxic air purification device for civil defense engineering" announcement number "CN217817282U", in this utility model, during use, the anti-toxic purifier, air purifier and dust purifier inside the filter element are embedded in the position between the outer walls of the support block. After the fan is powered on, the outside air is transported into the purification device. Then, through layers of filtration, the purified gas is discharged to the outside through the stainless steel filter screen. When the internal filter element weakens due to long-term operation, the purification device is disassembled and the internal filter element is replaced, and then the equipment continues to purify.

[0004] Although the aforementioned application can facilitate filter replacement by embedding the anti-toxic purifier, air purifier, and dust purifier inside the filter element between the outer walls of the support block, the power source of the device mainly relies on electrical energy, which cannot solve the passive filtration needs during wartime power outages, and has significant limitations. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air filtration device for civil defense projects to address the problem of passive filtration needs during wartime power outages where such issues cannot be resolved.

[0006] An air filtration device for civil defense engineering includes: an air inlet pipe, a filter screen, and a guide fan. The filter screen is disposed at the inlet of the air inlet pipe, and the guide fan is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet pipe.

[0007] The purification mechanism includes a separation component connected to the air inlet pipe, and a dust collection component is disposed below the separation component. The separation component and the dust collection component are connected.

[0008] In one embodiment, the separation assembly includes a cyclone tube communicating with an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe disposed above the cyclone tube, the exhaust pipe communicating with the interior of the cyclone tube, and centrifugal blades rotatably connected to the surface of the exhaust pipe located inside the cyclone tube.

[0009] In one embodiment, an adsorption box is provided on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe located above the top of the cyclone. The adsorption box contains multiple layers of activated carbon blocks and potassium iodide cotton. The adsorption box is slidably installed between the two exhaust pipe sections.

[0010] In one embodiment, the dust collection assembly includes a collection shell, the top of which is connected to the bottom of the cyclone, and a plurality of limiting buckles are fixedly connected to the surface of the collection shell.

[0011] In one embodiment, a dust collection cylinder is provided inside the collection shell, and a mounting base is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the dust collection cylinder. A rotating ring is slidably connected to the side of the mounting base, and a plurality of buckles that cooperate with the limiting buckle are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring.

[0012] In one embodiment, a sealing strip is provided at the bottom of the collection shell. The sealing strip is made of silicone, and a sealing groove that mates with the sealing strip is provided on the inner bottom wall of the mounting base.

[0013] In one embodiment, the inlet of the cyclone is connected to the air inlet pipe via a flange, and a sealing gasket made of rubber is provided between the flanges.

[0014] Beneficial effects

[0015] 1. By setting centrifugal blades inside the separation component and setting the bottom of the air inlet pipe into a cylindrical cone shape, the polluted air is accelerated by the conical air collection hood and then enters the cyclone tube through the guide vanes to form a rotating airflow. The purification is completed in the cyclone tube and discharged. The process does not require any electric drive. Even if the power is interrupted during wartime, this device can continue to operate to purify the gas entering the air-raid shelter, reducing the limitations of the device's use.

[0016] 2. The dust collection cylinder and the collection shell are connected by buckles and limit buckles, which realizes the quick assembly and disassembly of the dust collection cylinder and increases the convenience of cleaning the particulate matter filtered inside the device. At the same time, the activated carbon blocks and potassium iodide cotton are modularly set inside the adsorption box, making the filter element replacement faster and reducing the operating vacuum period of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the air guide fan and air inlet pipe of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the purification mechanism of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the adsorption box of this utility model and its connection with the exhaust pipe;

[0022] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the dust collection component of this utility model.

[0023] Figure label:

[0024] 100. Air inlet duct; 110. Flow guide fan; 200. Filter screen; 300. Purification mechanism; 310. Separation component; 311. Cyclone separator; 312. Exhaust pipe; 313. Centrifugal blades; 314. Adsorption box; 3141. Potassium iodide cotton; 3142. Activated carbon block; 320. Dust collection component; 321. Collection shell; 3211. Limit buckle; 322. Dust collection cylinder; 3221. Mounting base; 3222. Rotary ring; 3223. Buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0026] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0030] The following is combined Figures 1-5 This utility model describes an air filtration device for civil defense engineering.

[0031] In one embodiment, an air filtration device for civil defense engineering includes: an air inlet pipe 100, a filter screen 200, and a guide fan 110. The filter screen 200 is disposed at the inlet of the air inlet pipe 100, and the guide fan 110 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet pipe 100.

[0032] The purification mechanism 300 includes a separation component 310 connected to the air inlet pipe 100, and a dust collection component 320 is provided below the separation component 310. The separation component 310 is connected to the dust collection component 320.

[0033] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the separation assembly 310 includes a cyclone 311 connected to the air inlet pipe 100. An exhaust pipe 312 is disposed above the cyclone 311 and communicates with the interior of the cyclone 311. Centrifugal blades 313 are rotatably connected to the surface of the exhaust pipe 312 located inside the cyclone 311. An adsorption box 314 is disposed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 312 located above the top of the cyclone 311. The adsorption box 314 contains multiple layers of activated carbon blocks 3142 and potassium iodide cotton 3141. The adsorption box 314 is slidably installed between two sections of the exhaust pipe 312. The dust collection assembly 320 includes a dust collection... The top of the collection shell 321 is connected to the bottom of the cyclone 311. Multiple limit buckles 3211 are fixedly connected to the surface of the collection shell 321. A dust collection cylinder 322 is provided inside the collection shell 321. A mounting base 3221 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the dust collection cylinder 322. A rotating ring 3222 is slidably connected to the side of the mounting base 3221. Multiple buckles 3223 that cooperate with the limit buckles 3211 are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring 3222. A sealing strip is provided at the bottom of the collection shell 321. The sealing strip is made of silicone. A sealing groove that cooperates with the sealing strip is provided on the inner bottom wall of the mounting base 3221.

[0034] In this embodiment, the exhaust pipe 312 located above the cyclone 311 is cut into two sections, and the adsorption box 314 is disposed between these two sections. The upper exhaust pipe 312 is fixedly connected to the top of the cyclone 311 by a connecting rod, while the lower exhaust pipe 312 penetrates the top wall of the cyclone 311 and is fixedly connected to the cyclone 311. A slide rail is provided between the two exhaust pipe sections 312. Slider blocks adapted to the slide rail are provided on both sides of the adsorption box 314. The sliders and the slide rail are subject to sliding friction. At the same time, the surface of the adsorption box 314 and the inner wall of the slide rail are made of sealing material, which can effectively prevent the leakage of toxic gases. Activated carbon provides a huge specific surface area through its highly developed pore structure and uses van der Waals forces to physically adsorb nonpolar gas molecules. At the same time, its surface functional groups selectively fix specific pollutants through chemical bonds. Potassium iodide cotton 3141 relies on redox reactions. When strong oxidizing gases come into contact, they are captured directionally through chemical bonding. The generated iodine can also form a visual indicator effect with starch color development. The synergistic effect of the two covers multi-layered protection from physical interception to chemical transformation. A small cone is set at the connection between the cyclone 311 and the dust collection box. The dust-laden gas first enters the cylinder at high tangential speed from the inlet, forming a strong rotating external swirling flow. At this time, the strong swirling external flow will drive the centrifugal blades 313 to start rotating. When the centrifugal blades 313 are fully rotated under the action of airflow, the velocity of the gas entering the cyclone 311 will increase under the action of inertia. Then, under the dominance of centrifugal force, the airflow moves spirally from top to bottom along the inner wall. Due to the density difference, the particles are thrown towards the wall and separated from the gas. When the external swirling flow reaches the bottom of the cone, the tangential velocity is further enhanced due to the space contraction. Then the airflow is forced to turn, forming an internal swirling flow with the same rotation direction but opposite path, spiraling upward along the central axis from bottom to top, and finally carrying the purified gas out from the top exhaust pipe 312.

[0035] In the clean ventilation mode of civil defense engineering, outside air enters through the air intake shaft, and after being blocked by the blast wave valve, it flows into the diffusion chamber. The air intake pipe 100 of this device is connected to the diffusion chamber. The gas purified by the device will flow out through the exhaust pipe 312. At this time, the connecting pipe can be connected to the personnel shelter area through the pipeline.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the inlet of the cyclone 311 is connected to the air inlet pipe 100 by a flange, and a sealing gasket is provided between the flanges. The sealing gasket is made of rubber. The upper half of the air inlet pipe 100 is cylindrical and conical, and the lower half of the air inlet pipe 100 is a right-angle pipe. The guide fan 110 is installed inside the lower half of the air inlet pipe 100.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the dust collection cylinder 322 needs to be cleaned, rotate the rotating ring 3222 so that the rotating ring 3222 drives the buckle 3223 to disengage from the limit buckle 3211. Then, the dust collection cylinder 322 can be directly removed downwards for cleaning. After cleaning, align the sealing groove of the mounting base 3221 with the sealing strip at the bottom of the collection shell 321 and insert it. Then, rotate the rotating ring 3222 so that the buckle 3223 can be inserted into the limit buckle 3211 to complete the installation. The process is quick and simple. When the adsorption box 314 needs to be cleaned and replaced, simply pull the adsorption box 314 out of the slide rail and insert the new adsorption box 314 into the slide rail.

[0038] Working principle: Connect the air inlet to the outside gas. When the temperature inside the cave is lower than that outside, the air density inside the cave is higher, forming a low-pressure area. External airflow enters the air-raid shelter. When it is necessary to purify toxic gases, connect the air inlet of this device to the buffer chamber.

[0039] Toxic gases are first filtered through the filter 200, then accelerated by the conical section of the inlet pipe 100, forming a rotating airflow through the guide vanes, and entering the cyclone 311. The gas entering the cyclone 311 undergoes centrifugal motion along the inner wall of the cyclone 311, driving the centrifugal blades 313 to rotate. When the centrifugal blades 313 are fully rotating under the force of the wind, the centrifugal force of the subsequent gas entering the cyclone 311 is increased by inertia, causing smaller particles to collide with the cylinder wall and fall into the dust collection cylinder 322 in the collection shell 321. The gas is forced to change direction at the bottom of the cyclone 311 and is discharged through the exhaust pipe 312. When the gas passes through the exhaust pipe 312, it passes through the adsorption box 314. Under the action of the activated carbon block 3142 and potassium iodide cotton 3141 in the adsorption box 314, the gas further adsorbs the toxic substances and then is discharged through the vent.

[0040] It should be noted that the activated carbon block 3142, potassium iodide cotton 3141, cyclone 311, centrifugal blades 313, and guide fan 110 mentioned above are all devices with relatively mature existing technology. The specific model can be selected according to actual needs.

[0041] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0042] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An air filtration device for civil defense engineering, characterized in that, include: The air inlet pipe (100), filter screen (200) and guide fan (110) are provided, wherein the filter screen (200) is disposed at the inlet of the air inlet pipe (100) and the guide fan (110) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet pipe (100); The purification mechanism (300) includes a separation component (310) connected to the air inlet pipe (100), and a dust collection component (320) is provided below the separation component (310). The separation component (310) is connected to the dust collection component (320).

2. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separation component (310) includes a cyclone (311) connected to the air inlet pipe (100), an exhaust pipe (312) is provided above the cyclone (311), the exhaust pipe (312) is connected to the interior of the cyclone (311), and centrifugal blades (313) are rotatably connected to the surface of the exhaust pipe (312) located inside the cyclone (311).

3. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 2, characterized in that, An adsorption box (314) is provided on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (312) located above the top of the cyclone (311). The adsorption box (314) is provided with multiple layers of activated carbon blocks (3142) and potassium iodide cotton (3141). The adsorption box (314) is slidably installed between the two exhaust pipes (312).

4. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust collection assembly (320) includes a collection shell (321), the top of which is connected to the bottom of the cyclone (311), and a plurality of limit buckles (3211) are fixedly connected to the surface of the collection shell (321).

5. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inside of the collection shell (321) is provided with a dust collection cylinder (322). The bottom end of the dust collection cylinder (322) is fixedly connected to a mounting base (3221). The side of the mounting base (3221) is slidably connected to a rotating ring (3222). The surface of the rotating ring (3222) is fixedly connected with multiple buckles (3223) that cooperate with the limiting buckle (3211).

6. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the collection shell (321) is provided with a sealing strip, which is made of silicone. The inner bottom wall of the mounting base (3221) is provided with a sealing groove that cooperates with the sealing strip.

7. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet of the cyclone (311) is connected to the air inlet pipe (100) by a flange, and a sealing gasket is provided between the flanges. The sealing gasket is made of rubber.

8. The air filtration device for civil defense projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper half of the air inlet pipe (100) is cylindrical and conical, and the lower half of the air inlet pipe (100) is a right-angle pipe. The guide fan (110) is installed inside the lower half of the air inlet pipe (100).

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