High-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner

Abstract

This invention provides a high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner, relating to the field of microwave communication device technology. It solves the limitations of traditional power dividers / combiners, such as poor standing wave ratio (SWR) at the power divider ports and lack of isolation between adjacent ports. The power divider / combiner includes a common port, multiple branch ports, and multiple branch line structures. The common port is located on one of the branch line structures, which symmetrically connects to the other branch line structures, which in turn connect to the multiple branch ports. Each branch line structure also has multiple isolation ports for connecting isolation resistors. When used as a power divider, the common port receives the signal input, and each branch port outputs a signal with evenly distributed energy. When used as a combiner, the principle is reversed. This invention, through structural design and the use of isolation resistors, ensures the SWR at the output ports and guarantees the isolation between adjacent ports.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microwave communication device technology, specifically to a high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern communication technology, the demand for various high-performance microwave devices is increasing. As an important component, power dividers and combiners play a key role in signal transmission systems; these devices are mainly used to realize the power distribution and combining of radio frequency or microwave signals, and are widely used in high-requirement technical fields such as radar, communication base stations, and electronic countermeasures.

[0003] With the continuous upgrading of wireless communication systems, the requirements for signal transmission efficiency and overall system performance are also increasing. High-power coaxial power dividers / combiners, due to their excellent performance in power handling capabilities, insertion loss control, and port isolation, have become indispensable technical components for ensuring communication quality. Their structural design and material selection directly affect the stability and reliability of signal transmission, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the device itself, making them particularly important in high-frequency and high-power applications.

[0004] In recent years, the operating frequencies of communication systems have gradually expanded to higher frequency bands, while the demand for bandwidth has also increased significantly. This trend poses greater technical challenges to existing microwave devices. Traditional high-power coaxial power dividers and combiners face limitations such as performance degradation and increased manufacturing difficulty in high-frequency broadband applications, making it difficult to fully meet the demands of next-generation communication systems for high-performance microwave devices.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to optimize and improve the structural design and materials of high-power coaxial power dividers and combiners in order to adapt to the future development trend of high-frequency and broadband communication systems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the limitations of traditional high-power coaxial power divider combiners, such as standing wave ratio (SWR) difference at the power divider ports and lack of isolation between adjacent ports. Therefore, a high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider combiner is proposed. This invention's power divider combiner, through its branch line structure design combined with an isolation resistor load, ensures the SWR at the output port and guarantees the isolation between adjacent ports.

[0007] The present invention employs the following technical solution to achieve its objective:

[0008] A high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner includes a common port, multiple branch ports, and multiple branch line structures. The common port is located on one of the branch line structures, which is symmetrically connected to the other branch line structures. The other branch line structures are connected to the multiple branch ports. Each branch line structure also has multiple isolation ports for connecting isolation resistors. When used as a power divider, the common port receives the input signal, and each branch port outputs the signal after the energy is evenly distributed. When used as a combiner, each branch port receives its corresponding input signal, and the common port outputs the signal after the energy is combined.

[0009] Furthermore, there are four branch ports: a first branch port, a second branch port, a third branch port, and a fourth branch port; and three corresponding branch line structures: a first branch line structure with a common port, a second branch line structure connecting the first and second branch ports, and a third branch line structure connecting the third and fourth branch ports.

[0010] Preferably, the first branch line structure, the second branch line structure, and the third branch line structure all have connection points located at the same structural position; wherein, a common port is provided at the connection point of the first branch line structure, and the first branch line structure is connected to the connection points of the second branch line structure and the third branch line structure respectively through symmetrical connection structures provided on its left and right sides.

[0011] Specifically, the second branch line structure is connected to the first branch port and the second branch port respectively through symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides, and the third branch line structure is connected to the third branch port and the fourth branch port respectively through symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides.

[0012] Preferably, the number of isolation ports is six, namely: a third isolation port and a fourth isolation port provided on the first branch line structure, a first isolation port and a second isolation port provided on the second branch line structure, and a fifth isolation port and a sixth isolation port provided on the third branch line structure.

[0013] Specifically, each isolation port uses a standard 50-ohm N-type connector for connecting an isolation resistor load with a resistance of 50 ohms.

[0014] Specifically, each branch line structure and the symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides adopt a square coaxial structure. A signal transmission channel is formed inside each branch line structure and the symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides, so that each branch port is connected to the common port and each isolated port is connected to the signal transmission channel.

[0015] Preferably, each branch line structure has a fixed support block inside the symmetrical connection structure on both the left and right sides. The fixed support block is used to support the internal space of the symmetrical connection structure to form a signal transmission channel at the corresponding position.

[0016] Specifically, the signal transmission channel contains an inner conductor that also adopts a square coaxial structure. Each branch port, each isolation port, and the common port are connected to the inner conductor at their respective locations. The inner conductor is made of copper to enable signal transmission.

[0017] Furthermore, each branch line structure is rectangular in shape, with an isolation port at each end of the lower side of the rectangle, a connection point for the branch line structure at the middle of the upper side of the rectangle, and symmetrical connection structures on the left and right sides of the rectangle near the upper side.

[0018] In summary, due to the adoption of this technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0019] This utility model's power divider combiner is mainly used in the 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz frequency band, and has performance advantages compared to traditional coaxial power dividers combiners. Although the traditional structure has a certain high power carrying capacity, its standing wave characteristics at the power divider port are poor, and there is a lack of effective isolation between adjacent ports. During high power signal transmission, due to large reflections, air breakdown is easily caused, leading to device damage and affecting the stability and reliability of the system.

[0020] This invention, through optimized structural design, effectively improves the VSWR characteristics of the output port and the isolation characteristics between ports, thereby avoiding potential risks caused by excessive reflection and enhancing the overall stability and safety of operation. This structural design not only solves the technical bottleneck of traditional coaxial power divider combiners in high-power applications but also further expands their applicability in high-performance RF systems. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following figures, which include five figures as follows:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider and combiner of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the simulation results of the input return loss at the common port of the power divider-combiner of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram showing the standing wave simulation results of each branch port of the power divider combiner of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the simulation results of the insertion loss between each branch port and the common port in the power divider combiner of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the simulation results of the isolation between the various branch ports in the power divider synthesizer of this utility model.

[0027] The meanings of the markings in the attached diagram are as follows:

[0028] 1-Common port; 2-First branch port, 3-Second branch port, 4-Third branch port, 5-Fourth branch port; 6-First isolation port, 7-Second isolation port, 8-Third isolation port, 9-Fourth isolation port, 10-Fifth isolation port, 11-Sixth isolation port; 12-Fixed support block, 13-Inner conductor, 14-Branch line structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner includes a common port 1, multiple branch ports, and multiple branch line structures 14. The common port 1 is disposed on one of the branch line structures 14, which is symmetrically connected to the other branch line structures 14. The other branch line structures 14 are respectively connected to the multiple branch ports. Each branch line structure 14 is also provided with multiple isolation ports, which are used to connect isolation resistors. When used as a power divider, the common port 1 receives the signal input, and each branch port outputs the signal after the energy is evenly distributed. When used as a combiner, each branch port receives the corresponding input signal, and the common port 1 outputs the signal after the energy is combined.

[0032] In this embodiment, the core function of the power divider / combiner is to distribute the input signal from a common port 1 to multiple branch ports with equal power for output, or conversely, to combine multiple input signals into a single output. This process is based on the principle of electromagnetic field transmission and distribution, and achieves efficient signal transmission and power distribution through optimized design of the coaxial structure. In power-dividing mode, the energy of the input signal is evenly distributed to each output port, ensuring consistent signal strength at each port; while in combining mode, the energy of multiple input signals is combined to form a high-power output signal.

[0033] This implementation method is based on Figure 1 The 1-to-4 structure shown is described as a preferred example structure. In this structure, there are four branch ports: a first branch port 2, a second branch port 3, a third branch port 4, and a fourth branch port 5. There are three corresponding branch line structure parts 14: a first branch line structure part with a common port 1, a second branch line structure part connecting the first branch port 2 and the second branch port 3, and a third branch line structure part connecting the third branch port 4 and the fourth branch port 5.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the first branch line structure, the second branch line structure, and the third branch line structure all have connection points located at the same structural position. A common port 1 is provided at the connection point of the first branch line structure, and the first branch line structure connects to the connection points of the second and third branch line structures respectively through symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides. This design ensures that the signal transmission distance from each branch port to the common port 1 is equal, achieving a better power splitting coupling effect.

[0035] The second branch line structure connects to the first branch port 2 and the second branch port 3 via symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides, respectively. The third branch line structure connects to the third branch port 4 and the fourth branch port 5 via symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides, respectively. To ensure equal distances, the shape, length path, and other aspects of the symmetrical connection structures of the second and third branch line structures can be kept consistent.

[0036] In this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, as an example of a 1-to-4 structure, the number of isolation ports is configured to be six, namely: the third isolation port 8 and the fourth isolation port 9 set on the first branch line structure, the first isolation port 6 and the second isolation port 7 set on the second branch line structure, and the fifth isolation port 10 and the sixth isolation port 11 set on the third branch line structure.

[0037] In this embodiment, each isolation port uses a standard 50-ohm N-type connector to connect a 50-ohm isolation resistor load. The design of multiple isolation ports and corresponding isolation resistors is key to achieving high isolation between branch ports in the power divider combiner of this embodiment. The standard 50-ohm N-type connector used here is a common RF connector interface. N-type connectors are widely used in RF and microwave communication systems as coaxial connectors, possessing good mechanical stability and electrical performance. The N-type connector refers to the plug or socket portion, which can connect RF cables or devices such as isolation resistors.

[0038] The "standard 50 ohms" used in this embodiment refers to the characteristic impedance of the interface being 50 ohms, which can be achieved by connecting an isolation resistor with a resistance of 50 ohms. In radio frequency or microwave engineering, the characteristic impedances of transmission lines or connectors such as coaxial cables must be matched to avoid signal reflection and power loss. The key role of the isolation resistor here is to eliminate reflected signals and improve signal transmission efficiency and stability. Furthermore, the value of the external isolation resistor load can be changed according to the power requirements of the power divider / combiner design. The greater the power that the load can handle, the greater the power divider / combiner's ability to withstand reflected power.

[0039] In this embodiment, each branch line structure 14 and the symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides adopt a square coaxial structure. A signal transmission channel is formed inside each branch line structure 14 and the symmetrical connection structures on its left and right sides, so that each branch port is connected to the common port 1 and each isolated port is connected to the signal transmission channel.

[0040] The square coaxial structure can be applied to transmission line constraint structures in microwave and radio frequency circuits, resulting in a similar external connection structure for the power divider / combiner. It is a variation of the traditional circular coaxial line structure. The internal conductors are square or rectangular, and there is usually an enclosing square metal shielding cavity on the outside, forming a uniform electromagnetic field transmission channel. This structure can achieve high integration and good electromagnetic shielding performance, making it suitable for use in the power divider / combiner of this embodiment. It also features a compact structure, stable transmission performance, ease of fabrication and assembly, and can be used in high-frequency environments.

[0041] In this embodiment, each branch line structure 14 has a fixed support block 12 inside its symmetrical connection structure on both the left and right sides. The fixed support block 12 is used to support the internal space of the symmetrical connection structure to form a signal transmission channel at the corresponding position. When the structure is long, the fixed support block 12 is necessary. It supports the conductor inside the structure and the external structure, which can reduce the deformation of the power divider and combiner and improve reliability.

[0042] In this embodiment, the signal transmission channel contains an inner conductor 13 that also adopts a square coaxial structure. Each branch port, each isolation port, and the common port 1 are connected to the inner conductor 13 at their respective locations. The inner conductor 13 is made of copper to enable signal transmission.

[0043] The inner conductor 13, as a coaxial transmission line, is itself a channel for signal transmission and has parameters such as characteristic impedance and attenuation coefficient. In this embodiment, these parameters are not limited and can be designed and determined according to the actual application requirements of the power divider synthesizer. However, these parameters will affect the signal quality and transmission efficiency, so they should be selected based on existing mature experience.

[0044] Finally, in this embodiment, the key to achieving improved VSWR at the output port and high isolation between branch ports lies in the design of the branch line structure 14. As an optimal design, such as... Figure 1 As shown, its structure is rectangular in shape. An isolation port is located at each end of the lower side of the rectangular structure, and the connection point of the branch line structure 14 is located in the middle of the upper side of the rectangular structure. Symmetrical connection structures are located on the left and right sides of the rectangular structure near the upper side. The entire rectangular structure contains an inner conductor 13 in the form of a square coaxial structure, forming a closed loop. Each connection point can be routed from its corresponding position.

[0045] Based on the structural design of the power divider combiner in this embodiment, especially the characteristics of the branch line structure 14, the power divider combiner can operate stably under high power conditions, meeting the high-power signal transmission requirements of modern communication systems. The symmetrical connection structure and the coaxial signal transmission path formed by its internal conductor 13 result in low signal transmission loss, stable frequency characteristics, and good performance over a wide frequency band. The technology of high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider combiners inherently possesses advantages such as small size, light weight, and high reliability, making them easy to integrate into complex communication equipment.

[0046] In practical applications, impedance matching and power capacity design of power dividers are important factors affecting product design, but these can all be accomplished based on existing mature technologies and experience. This implementation method does not limit these aspects, but the following are brief suggestions:

[0047] The impedance characteristics of the connection between the common port 1 and each branch port via the inner conductor 13 need to match the impedance of the external circuit. This matching can be achieved using mature technologies such as impedance transformation networks and microstrip lines, which improve signal transmission efficiency and power distribution accuracy. The power capacity design must consider the voltage withstand capability of the inner conductor 13 as a coaxial transmission line, the power distribution capability of the power divider / combiner within its design specifications, and the heat dissipation performance of the isolation resistors configured to achieve isolation. These aspects can be configured in different ways in practical applications to adjust and improve the power capacity of the power divider / combiner, meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

[0048] The following is a simulation experiment of the high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider combiner of this embodiment, and it is compared with a conventional power divider combiner that does not have the branch line structure 14, and therefore does not have features such as isolation resistance. In the simulation of this embodiment, the operating frequency of the power divider combiner is set in the range of 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz.

[0049] Figure 2 Curve S1,1 in the figure represents the input return loss of the common port 1 of the power divider combiner in this embodiment at 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz. Figure 2 As can be seen, its value is below -18dB; Figure 3 The curves in the figure represent the standing waves at each branch port of the power divider synthesizer in this embodiment. For example, curve S2,2 represents the standing wave at the first branch port 2. Figure 3 As can be seen, the standing wave ratio (SWR) at each branch port during output signal generation is below -14dB. Compared to traditional non-isolated coaxial power dividers, the output port SWR of this embodiment is improved by approximately 10dB.

[0050] Figure 4 The curves in the figure represent the insertion loss between each branch port of the power divider synthesizer in this embodiment and the common port 1. For example, S2,1 represents the insertion loss between the first branch port 2 and the common port 1. Figure 5 The curve in the figure represents the isolation between two relatively adjacent sets of branch ports on the left and right sides of the power divider synthesizer in this embodiment; that is, curve S3,2 represents the isolation between the second branch port 3 and the first branch port 2. Figure 4 It can be seen that the insertion loss between the fourth branch port 5 and the common port 1 has the largest difference compared to the insertion loss between the third branch port 4 and the common port 1, but this difference is within 0.25 dB; from Figure 5 As can be seen, the absolute isolation values ​​of the two adjacent ports are both above 16dB. Compared to the traditional unisolated coaxial power divider, where the absolute isolation value is approximately 0, the branch port isolation effect of this embodiment is improved by more than ten decibels, thereby improving transmission efficiency.

Claims

1. A high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner, characterized in that: It includes a common port (1), multiple branch ports, and multiple branch line structures (14); the common port (1) is disposed on one of the branch line structures (14), which is symmetrically connected to the other branch line structures (14), and the other branch line structures (14) are respectively connected to multiple branch ports; each branch line structure (14) is also provided with multiple isolation ports, which are used to connect isolation resistors; when used as a power divider, the common port (1) receives the signal input, and each branch port outputs the signal after the energy is evenly distributed; when used as a combiner, each branch port receives the corresponding input signal, and the common port (1) outputs the signal after the energy is combined.

2. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four branch ports, namely the first branch port (2), the second branch port (3), the third branch port (4) and the fourth branch port (5); there are three corresponding branch line structure parts (14), namely the first branch line structure part with a common port (1), the second branch line structure part connecting the first branch port (2) and the second branch port (3), and the third branch line structure part connecting the third branch port (4) and the fourth branch port (5).

3. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first branch line structure, the second branch line structure, and the third branch line structure all have connection points located at the same structural position; wherein, a common port (1) is provided at the connection point of the first branch line structure, and the first branch line structure is connected to the connection points of the second branch line structure and the third branch line structure respectively through symmetrical connection structures provided on its left and right sides.

4. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second branch line structure is connected to the first branch port (2) and the second branch port (3) respectively through symmetrical connection structures set on its left and right sides. The third branch line structure is connected to the third branch port (4) and the fourth branch port (5) respectively through symmetrical connection structures set on its left and right sides.

5. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of isolation ports is six, namely: the third isolation port (8) and the fourth isolation port (9) set on the first branch line structure, the first isolation port (6) and the second isolation port (7) set on the second branch line structure, and the fifth isolation port (10) and the sixth isolation port (11) set on the third branch line structure.

6. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each isolation port uses a standard 50-ohm N-type connector for connecting an isolation resistor load with a resistance of 50 ohms.

7. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each branch line structure (14) and the symmetrical connection structure set on its left and right sides adopt a square coaxial structure. A signal transmission channel is formed inside each branch line structure (14) and the symmetrical connection structure set on its left and right sides, so that each branch port is connected to the common port (1) and each isolated port is connected to the signal transmission channel.

8. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each branch line structure (14) has a fixed support block (12) inside the symmetrical connection structure on the left and right sides. The fixed support block (12) is used to support the internal space of the symmetrical connection structure to form a signal transmission channel at the corresponding position.

9. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The signal transmission channel contains an inner conductor (13) that also adopts a square coaxial structure. Each branch port, each isolation port and the common port (1) are connected to the inner conductor (13) at their respective locations. The inner conductor (13) is made of copper to enable signal transmission.

10. The high-power, high-isolation coaxial power divider / combiner according to claim 9, characterized in that: Each branch line structure (14) has a rectangular shape. An isolation port is provided at both ends of the lower side of the rectangular structure. The connection point of the branch line structure (14) is provided at the middle position of the upper side of the rectangular structure. Symmetrical connection structures are provided on the left and right sides of the rectangular structure near the upper side.

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