Thermal runaway protection assembly and battery pack

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a thermal runaway protection assembly and a battery pack. The thermal runaway protection assembly comprises a fire extinguishing pad and an insulating isolation plate. The isolation plate is arranged on a busbar bracket at one end of a battery module, so that explosion-proof valves of multiple battery cells of the battery module are all directed towards the isolation plate. The isolation plate forms multiple through holes corresponding to the multiple explosion-proof valves. The electrolyte sprayed by thermal runaway of each battery cell can be sprayed to one side of the isolation plate away from the busbar bracket through a flow guide channel of the busbar bracket and the corresponding through hole, so as to isolate the electrolyte and a collection wire harness on the busbar bracket, and avoid secondary short circuit of the collection wire harness to spread the thermal runaway. The fire extinguishing pad is arranged at intervals on the side of the isolation plate away from the battery module. The fire extinguishing pad is arranged to be triggered at a low first trigger temperature to release fire extinguishing agent for fire extinguishing. Therefore, the thermal runaway is quickly and effectively inhibited at the initial stage, and the spread of the thermal runaway is delayed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a thermal runaway protection component and battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, lithium batteries, as a core power source, have attracted much attention for their safety performance. Due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and environmentally friendly characteristics, lithium batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and other fields. However, lithium batteries pose a risk of thermal runaway during charging and discharging. Once thermal runaway occurs, the internal temperature of the battery pack may rise sharply, potentially leading to fire or explosion, causing serious safety hazards.

[0003] In existing technologies, thermal runaway protection of battery packs primarily relies on insulating isolation plates on top of the battery modules and pack-level external fire suppression systems. The isolation plates isolate the ejected electrolyte when thermal runaway occurs in the cells, preventing it from contacting the data acquisition circuitry within the battery pack and thus preventing secondary short circuits. The external fire suppression system extinguishes the fire using fire extinguishing agents or other means when thermal runaway occurs, preventing the fire from spreading.

[0004] However, existing isolation plates in practical applications suffer from poor isolation performance, failing to completely prevent electrolyte diffusion and thus maintaining the risk of secondary short circuits. Furthermore, external fire suppression systems have a delayed activation time, typically requiring multi-stage response triggering, making it difficult to extinguish fires in the early stages of thermal runaway. This often results in missing the optimal intervention window, allowing the fire to spread further. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermal runaway protection component and battery pack, so as to improve the isolation effect of the isolation plate and the fire extinguishing response efficiency to a certain extent.

[0006] This utility model provides a thermal runaway protection component, including a fire extinguishing pad and an insulating isolation plate;

[0007] The isolation plate is used to be placed on the busbar bracket at one end of the battery module, and the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells of the battery module all face the isolation plate;

[0008] The isolation plate is provided with through holes at the positions opposite to each of the explosion-proof valves. The busbar bracket forms a flow guiding channel between each set of opposite through holes and the explosion-proof valves, so that the electrolyte sprayed out when the battery cell thermally runs away is sprayed through the corresponding through holes to the side of the isolation plate away from the busbar bracket.

[0009] The fire extinguishing pads are spaced apart on the side of the isolation plate away from the busbar bracket. The fire extinguishing pads can be triggered at a predetermined first trigger temperature to release the extinguishing agent.

[0010] Furthermore, the first trigger temperature is 60°C to 150°C.

[0011] Furthermore, the isolation plate is formed with a flow guide groove, which is recessed toward the busbar bracket, and the flow guide groove is used to collect the electrolyte;

[0012] The length direction of the guide channel extends along a first direction, which is the arrangement direction of the multiple battery cells located in a row within the battery module, and one end of the length direction of the guide channel forms a drain port.

[0013] The thermal runaway protection component also includes a liquid collection box, which is located at one end of the battery module in a first direction, and the opening of the liquid collection box is opposite to the drain port, so that the electrolyte in the guide groove can flow into the liquid collection box through the drain port.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid collection box is filled with a flame retardant, which can decompose at the second trigger temperature to produce non-flammable gas.

[0015] Furthermore, the isolation plate includes a first plate portion and a second plate portion;

[0016] The battery module includes two rows of battery cells arranged side by side, with the first plate and the second plate corresponding to each of the two rows of battery cells, and the flow guide groove formed between the first plate and the second plate;

[0017] Both the first plate portion and the second plate portion have a flow guide surface on the side of the plate portion facing away from the busbar bracket. The flow guide surface is inclined so that the side of the flow guide surface facing the flow guide groove is lower than the other side.

[0018] Furthermore, the end of the guide channel away from the drain port is closed;

[0019] And / or, the guide channel is inclined, such that the end of the guide channel with the drain port is lower than the other end.

[0020] Furthermore, the separator plate has multiple protrusions on the side opposite to the battery module, and the multiple protrusions are arranged around the multiple through holes in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0021] Furthermore, the thermal runaway protection component also includes a heat insulation sheet, which is provided between any two adjacent battery cells;

[0022] The heat insulation sheet includes a heat insulation material layer and composite phase change heat absorption material layers disposed on opposite sides of the heat insulation sheet.

[0023] Furthermore, the heat insulation material layer is a nanoporous silica board layer;

[0024] The composite phase change heat-absorbing material layer is a paraffin-graphite composite phase change material layer.

[0025] Furthermore, the isolation panel is a basalt fiberglass composite isolation panel.

[0026] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing pad includes a substrate and a plurality of microcapsules embedded in the substrate, each of the microcapsules being filled with the fire extinguishing agent, and the microcapsules being capable of rupturing at the first triggering temperature.

[0027] Furthermore, the flame retardant is a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant, and the second triggering temperature is 200°C to 400°C.

[0028] This utility model also provides a battery pack, including the thermal runaway protection component described in any of the above claims.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0030] The thermal runaway protection component provided by this utility model includes a fire extinguishing pad and an insulating isolation plate. The isolation plate is located at one end of the battery module inside the battery pack, specifically at the end of the battery module with a busbar bracket and placed on the busbar bracket. The battery module includes multiple battery cells, and the ends of the multiple battery cells with explosion-proof valves all face the isolation plate. The isolation plate and the explosion-proof valve of each battery cell have through holes at their respective positions. The busbar bracket forms a flow channel between each set of opposite explosion-proof valves and through holes, so that when the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the electrolyte sprayed from the explosion-proof valve can be sprayed through the corresponding through holes to the side of the isolation plate away from the battery module and the busbar bracket. Thus, the isolation plate isolates the electrolyte sprayed from the battery cell and the acquisition lines on the busbar bracket on both sides, preventing the acquisition lines from contacting the electrolyte and causing a secondary short circuit, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0031] Meanwhile, fire extinguishing pads are spaced apart on the side of the isolation plate away from the battery module. The fire extinguishing pads have a predetermined first trigger temperature. When the temperature inside the battery pack rises to the first trigger temperature due to thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing pads can be triggered to release fire extinguishing agents. The fire extinguishing agents absorb a large amount of heat inside the battery pack, significantly reducing the temperature and oxygen concentration of the battery pack, thereby inhibiting the combustion reaction and achieving the function of extinguishing the fire. Therefore, by making the fire extinguishing pads have a lower first trigger temperature, the fire extinguishing pads can be triggered in the early stage of thermal runaway and respond quickly to extinguish the fire in the battery pack, thereby enabling rapid and effective suppression of thermal runaway in the early stage and delaying the spread of thermal runaway.

[0032] This utility model also provides a battery pack including the aforementioned thermal runaway protection component, thus the battery pack also has the beneficial effects of the thermal runaway protection component. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the split structure of a battery pack equipped with the thermal runaway protection component provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection component provided in this embodiment of the present invention assembled on a battery module (fire extinguishing pad is hidden).

[0036] Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of the isolation plate of the thermal runaway protection component provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 5 A top view of the separator plate assembled on the battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the cross-section at point BB;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat insulation sheet between the battery cells provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure label:

[0042] 1-Battery module, 11-Battery cell, 12-Busbar bracket, 13-End plate, 14-Protrusion, 15-Groove, 16-Nozzle, 2-Isolation plate, 21-Through hole, 22-Guide groove, 23-Boss, 24-First plate, 25-Second plate, 3-Fire extinguishing pad, 4-Collection box, 5-Insulation sheet, 51-Insulation material layer, 52-Composite phase change heat absorption material layer;

[0043] a - First direction. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments.

[0045] The components of the present invention embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0046] Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0047] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] The following reference Figures 1 to 7 This application describes thermal runaway protection components and battery packs according to some embodiments.

[0050] This application provides a thermal runaway protection component for a battery pack.

[0051] like Figure 1 The diagram shows an exploded view of the battery pack. The battery pack includes a housing, a battery module 1 housed inside the housing, and a thermal runaway protection assembly. The thermal runaway protection assembly includes a fire extinguishing pad 3, an insulating isolation plate 2, and a liquid collection box 4.

[0052] There are multiple battery modules 1, for example... Figure 1In the middle, there are two battery modules 1 arranged side by side, and each battery module 1 is equipped with an isolation plate 2. Taking a corresponding set of battery modules 1 and separators as an example 2, for a horizontally placed battery module 1, the battery module 1 includes multiple cells 11 arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and each of the multiple cells 11 is provided with an explosion-proof valve at its upper end; the upper end of the battery module 1 is provided with a busbar bracket 12, and the separator 2 is placed on the busbar bracket 12. The separator 2 and the position opposite to the explosion-proof valve of each cell 11 are provided with through holes 21, and the busbar bracket 12 forms a flow channel between each set of opposite explosion-proof valves and through holes 21, so that when the cell 11 thermally runs away, the electrolyte sprayed by the explosion-proof valve can be sprayed through the corresponding through holes 21 to the side of the separator 2 away from the battery module 1 and the busbar bracket 12. Thus, the separator 2 isolates the electrolyte sprayed by the cell 11 and the collection line on the busbar bracket 12 on both sides, avoiding secondary short circuits caused by contact between the collection line and the electrolyte, and reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0053] Regarding the placement of the fire extinguishing pad 3, the fire extinguishing pad 3 is spaced out on the side of the isolation plate 2 opposite to the battery module 1. That is, for the assembly formed by the battery module 1 and the isolation plate 2, the fire extinguishing pad 3 is placed on top of the assembly. In practical applications, the fire extinguishing pad 3 can be fixed to the inner wall of the top plate of the battery pack, for example, by adhesive bonding.

[0054] When setting up fire extinguishing mat 3, it can be done as follows: Figure 1 The diagram shows the selection of a fire extinguishing mat 3 with a sufficiently large coverage area, ensuring that all battery modules 1 are within the coverage area of ​​the fire extinguishing mat 3. Alternatively, multiple fire extinguishing mats 3 with smaller coverage areas can be used, and the multiple fire extinguishing mats 3 can be placed one-to-one on top of multiple battery modules 1.

[0055] The fire extinguishing pad 3 has a predetermined first trigger temperature. When the temperature inside the battery pack rises to the first trigger temperature due to thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing pad 3 can be triggered to release the extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent absorbs a large amount of heat inside the battery pack, significantly reducing the temperature and oxygen concentration of the battery pack, thereby inhibiting the combustion reaction and achieving the function of extinguishing the fire. Therefore, by making the fire extinguishing pad have a lower first trigger temperature, such as 60°C to 150°C, the fire extinguishing pad 3 can be triggered in the early stage of thermal runaway and respond quickly to extinguish the fire in the battery pack. This allows the thermal runaway to be quickly and effectively suppressed in the early stage, delaying the spread of thermal runaway.

[0056] In this embodiment, preferably, the fire extinguishing pad 3 includes a substrate and a plurality of microcapsules, each microcapsule being embedded in the substrate and filled with a fire extinguishing agent. The first trigger temperature is the temperature that the material of the microcapsule can withstand; that is, when the temperature of the microcapsule reaches the first trigger temperature, the microcapsule will rupture, thereby releasing the fire extinguishing agent inside.

[0057] Preferably, the substrate is aerogel felt, which has good thermal insulation and electrical insulation properties. The microcapsules are made of polyurethane, which can effectively encapsulate the extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone, which has a low boiling point and is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. At the first trigger temperature, perfluorohexanone vaporizes and absorbs a large amount of heat, lowering the ambient temperature. At the same time, after vaporization, perfluorohexanone rapidly diffuses inside the battery pack, reducing the oxygen concentration inside the battery pack, thereby achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, as shown below, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the separator 2 is recessed towards the battery module 1 to form a flow channel 22. The length of the flow channel 22 extends along a first direction a, which is the arrangement direction of all the battery cells 11 in a row within the battery module 1. After the electrolyte is sprayed onto the side of the separator 2 away from the battery module 1, it falls onto the separator 2 and flows into the flow channel 22, so that the flow channel 22 can be used to collect the electrolyte.

[0059] The thermal runaway protection assembly also includes a liquid collection box 4, which is located at one end of the battery module 1 in the first direction a, such that the liquid collection box 4 is situated at the end of the guide channel 22 where the drain port is formed, and the opening of the liquid collection box 4 is opposite to the drain port of the guide channel 22. In actual use, the upper end of the battery cell 11 in the battery module 1 is equipped with an explosion-proof valve, and the busbar bracket 12, the isolation plate 2, and the fire extinguishing pad 3 are all located above the battery module 1. The opening of the liquid collection box 4 faces upward, opposite to the drain port of the guide channel 22 above, so that the electrolyte in the guide channel 22 can flow into the liquid collection box 4 through the drain port for collection, preventing the electrolyte from spreading.

[0060] In this embodiment, preferably, the liquid collection box 4 is filled with a flame retardant that can decompose to produce non-flammable gas at a second trigger temperature; for example, the flame retardant is a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant, and the second trigger temperature is 200°C to 400°C. Thus, when the temperature inside the electrolyte or battery pack reaches the second trigger temperature, the flame retardant can decompose to produce non-flammable gas, thereby interrupting the chain combustion reaction of the electrolyte.

[0061] In this embodiment, preferably, one end of the battery module 1 in the first direction a is provided with an end plate 13, a slot is formed on the end plate 13, and a hook is provided on the outer side wall of the liquid collection box 4. The hook can be adapted to be locked in the slot so that the liquid collection box 4 is fixed on the end plate 13.

[0062] In this embodiment, preferably, the liquid collection box 4 is made of basalt glass fiber composite material, which gives the liquid collection box 4 a high temperature resistance level and ensures that the liquid collection box 4 will not melt or soften due to high temperature when thermal runaway occurs, so as to effectively collect the electrolyte.

[0063] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, as shown below, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the battery module 1 includes two rows of battery cells 11 arranged side by side, meaning that the explosion-proof valves of all battery cells 11 are also arranged in two rows. The separator 2 includes a first plate portion 24 and a second plate portion 25 connected to each other. The first plate portion 24 is arranged opposite to one row of battery cells 11 and forms a row of through holes 21 accordingly. The second plate portion 25 is arranged opposite to the other row of battery cells 11 and forms a row of through holes 21 accordingly. A flow guide groove 22 is formed between the first plate portion 24 and the second plate portion 25. The side of the first plate portion 24 and the second plate portion 25 facing away from the battery module 1 are both inclined flow guide surfaces, so that the side of the flow guide surface away from the flow guide groove 22 is higher than the other side, thereby guiding the electrolyte falling on the separator 2 into the flow guide groove 22.

[0064] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, the end of the guide channel 22 away from the drain port is closed, so that the electrolyte in the guide channel 22 can flow out through the drain port and into the collection box 4.

[0065] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, the guide channel 22 is inclined, so that the end of the guide channel 22 away from the drain port is higher and the end with the drain port is lower, thereby facilitating the discharge of electrolyte in the guide channel 22 and allowing the electrolyte to flow into the collection box 4.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, as shown below, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the side of the separator plate 2 away from the battery module 1 has multiple protrusions 23. The multiple protrusions 23 are arranged around the multiple through holes 21 on the separator plate 2 in a one-to-one correspondence, thereby preventing the electrode liquid falling on the separator plate 2 from flowing back at the through holes 21.

[0067] Preferably, the height of the boss 23 is 1.2mm to 2mm, such as 1.5mm, 1.6mm or 1.8mm, so that the boss 23 can effectively prevent electrolyte backflow.

[0068] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, the thermal runaway protection component further includes a heat insulation sheet 5, and a heat insulation sheet 5 is provided between any two adjacent cells 11; for example, the battery module 1 includes two rows of cells 11, the two rows of cells 11 are separated by the heat insulation sheet 5, and any two adjacent cells 11 in the same row are also separated by the heat insulation sheet 5.

[0069] like Figure 6As shown, the heat insulation sheet 5 includes a middle heat insulation material layer 51 and two sides of composite phase change heat absorption material layers 52. That is, the heat insulation sheet 5 is attached to the battery cells 11 on both sides through the composite phase change heat absorption material layers 52. When the battery cells 11 heat up, the composite phase change heat absorption material layers 52 can absorb the heat of the battery cells 11 to cool down the battery cells 11. At the same time, the middle heat insulation material layer 51 is used to block heat transfer, prolong the heat penetration time, and thus delay the spread of thermal runaway.

[0070] In this embodiment, preferably, the heat insulation material layer 51 is a nanoporous silica plate layer, which can effectively block heat transfer; the composite phase change heat absorption material layer 52 is a paraffin graphite composite phase change material layer, which can absorb a large amount of radiant heat from the surface of the battery cell 11.

[0071] In one embodiment of this application, preferably, the isolation plate 2 is a basalt fiberglass composite isolation plate 2, which gives the isolation plate 2 a high temperature resistance rating, thereby ensuring that the isolation plate 2 will not melt and soften due to high temperature when thermal runaway occurs, so that the isolation plate 2 can effectively isolate the electrolyte and the acquisition line.

[0072] Regarding the flow guide channel on the busbar bracket 12, refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, where, Figure 5 The diagram shows a top view of the assembled battery module, busbar bracket, and separator plate. Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the cross-section at the BB section in the cell explosion-proof valve area.

[0073] Each busbar bracket 12 has a protrusion 14 at a position opposite to each row of battery cells 11. For a corresponding set of protrusions 14 and a row of battery cells 11, one end of the protrusion 14 is sealed against the end of the row of battery cells 11, and the other end is sealed against the separator plate 2. The side of the protrusion 14 facing the battery cell 11 forms a groove 15, so that the explosion-proof valves of the row of battery cells 11 are all housed in the groove 15. The bottom wall of the groove 15 is provided with a nozzle 16 at a position opposite to the explosion-proof valve (and corresponding through hole 21) of each battery cell 11, so that the electrolyte sprayed through the explosion-proof valve can be sprayed through the nozzle 16 and the through hole 21 on the separator plate 2 to the side of the separator plate 2 away from the battery module 1. The groove 15 and the nozzle 16 of the boss 23 on the busbar form the above-mentioned flow guiding channel.

[0074] This application also provides a battery pack including the thermal runaway protection component of any of the above embodiments.

[0075] In this embodiment, the battery pack includes a thermal runaway protection component, and therefore the battery pack has all the beneficial effects of the thermal runaway protection component, which will not be described in detail here.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway protection component, characterized in that, Includes fire extinguishing mats and insulating isolation panels; The isolation plate is used to be placed on the busbar bracket at one end of the battery module, and the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells of the battery module all face the isolation plate; The isolation plate is provided with through holes at the positions opposite to each of the explosion-proof valves. The busbar bracket forms a flow guiding channel between each set of opposite through holes and the explosion-proof valves, so that the electrolyte sprayed out when the battery cell thermally runs away is sprayed through the corresponding through holes to the side of the isolation plate away from the busbar bracket. The fire extinguishing pads are spaced apart on the side of the isolation plate away from the busbar bracket. The fire extinguishing pads can be triggered at a predetermined first trigger temperature to release the extinguishing agent.

2. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first trigger temperature is 60°C to 150°C.

3. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation plate has a flow guide groove, which is recessed toward the busbar bracket, and the flow guide groove is used to collect the electrolyte; The length direction of the guide channel extends along a first direction, which is the arrangement direction of the multiple battery cells located in a row within the battery module, and one end of the length direction of the guide channel forms a drain port. The thermal runaway protection component also includes a liquid collection box, which is located at one end of the battery module in a first direction, and the opening of the liquid collection box is opposite to the drain port, so that the electrolyte in the guide groove can flow into the liquid collection box through the drain port.

4. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid collection box is filled with a flame retardant, which can decompose at the second trigger temperature to produce non-flammable gas.

5. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The isolation plate includes a first plate portion and a second plate portion; The battery module includes two rows of battery cells arranged side by side, with the first plate and the second plate corresponding to each of the two rows of battery cells, and the flow guide groove formed between the first plate and the second plate; Both the first plate portion and the second plate portion have a flow guide surface on the side of the plate portion facing away from the busbar bracket. The flow guide surface is inclined so that the side of the flow guide surface facing the flow guide groove is lower than the other side.

6. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the guide channel away from the drain outlet is closed; And / or, the guide channel is inclined, such that the end of the guide channel with the drain port is lower than the other end.

7. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separator plate has multiple protrusions on the side opposite to the battery module, and the multiple protrusions are arranged around the multiple through holes in a one-to-one correspondence.

8. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway protection component also includes a heat insulation sheet, which is provided between any two adjacent battery cells; The heat insulation sheet includes a heat insulation material layer and composite phase change heat absorption material layers disposed on opposite sides of the heat insulation sheet.

9. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat insulation material layer is a nanoporous silica board layer; The composite phase change heat-absorbing material layer is a paraffin-graphite composite phase change material layer.

10. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation panel is a basalt fiberglass composite isolation panel.

11. The thermal runaway protection assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing pad includes a substrate and a plurality of microcapsules embedded in the substrate, each of the microcapsules being filled with the fire extinguishing agent, and the microcapsules being capable of rupturing at the first triggering temperature.

12. The thermal runaway protection component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flame retardant is a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant, and the second trigger temperature is 200°C to 400°C.

13. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the thermal runaway protection component as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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