A multi-stage photovoltaic cell disintegrating device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic cell piece multistage decomposition device relates to photovoltaic module recycling technical field, and the preliminary breakage is carried out to photovoltaic cell piece through the extruding mechanism of coarse crushing unit, and the further fine breakage is carried out to the impact mechanism in the impact chamber, and the fine broken metal, EVA powder and silicon material are obtained, and then send into eddy current sorting machine, and the metal is sorted and collected to metal particle storage bin, and the non -conducting medium enters airflow sorting machine, and under the action of fan, the EVA powder of lighter quality is blown into pyrolysis furnace and is decomposed and the gas produced in decomposition is purified through the purification tower, reduces the environmental pollution, and the silicon material of heavier quality falls into the aggregate bin and is collected and is recycled, realizes the automation disassembly, and through multistage decomposition of each unit, the metal, EVA material and silicon material are recycled separately, and the material graded recovery is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling technology, and in particular to a multi-stage decomposition device for photovoltaic cells. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules has become a major challenge in the environmental protection field. Furthermore, during the production process, photovoltaic modules may become unusable due to various reasons, necessitating their recycling. Current technologies rely on manual labor for the recycling and dismantling of photovoltaic modules, resulting in slow speeds and high costs. Materials such as silicon, silver, and aluminum within the photovoltaic cells are difficult to separate efficiently, and the EVA film cannot be decomposed. Therefore, designing a multi-stage photovoltaic cell dismantling device to automate the dismantling of photovoltaic cells, achieve graded material recycling, and reduce environmental pollution is particularly urgent. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage dismantling device for photovoltaic cells to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It can realize automated dismantling of photovoltaic cells, graded recycling of materials, and reduction of environmental pollution.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0005] This utility model provides a multi-stage decomposition device for photovoltaic cells, comprising:

[0006] The coarse crushing unit is provided with an extrusion chamber and a feed inlet communicating with the extrusion chamber. The extrusion chamber is provided with an extrusion mechanism for crushing photovoltaic cells, and the bottom of the extrusion chamber is provided with a discharge port.

[0007] The crushing unit is equipped with an impact chamber. The upper end of the impact chamber is the feed end and is connected to the discharge port. The impact chamber is equipped with an impact mechanism for impacting the photovoltaic cells that have been crushed by the extrusion mechanism. The bottom of the impact chamber is equipped with a pushing mechanism for pushing the photovoltaic cells that have been crushed by the impact mechanism.

[0008] An eddy current separator, wherein the feed end of the eddy current separator is connected to the impact chamber and receives photovoltaic cells pushed by the pushing mechanism, and the eddy current separator is provided with a metal particle storage bin for collecting metal particles.

[0009] The airflow separator has a feed end at the top, which is connected to the discharge end of the eddy current separator. The side wall of the airflow separator is equipped with a fan, and a pyrolysis furnace and a purification tower are connected in sequence on the side opposite to the fan. The bottom of the airflow separator is equipped with a collection bin.

[0010] Furthermore, the heights of the coarse crushing unit, fine crushing unit, eddy current separator, and airflow separator decrease sequentially.

[0011] Furthermore, the extrusion mechanism includes a biaxial shear crusher, wherein an extrusion channel for extruding and crushing the photovoltaic cells is formed between the two toothed rollers of the biaxial shear crusher.

[0012] Furthermore, the extrusion mechanism also includes a drive mechanism, which includes a motor and a reducer. The motor is connected to the dual-shaft shear crusher via the reducer.

[0013] Furthermore, the feed end of the fine crushing unit is provided with an inclined guide plate, which extends inclinedly from the feed end of the fine crushing unit toward the impact mechanism to guide the material into the impact crushing area.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle between the guide plate and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 45° and less than or equal to 60°.

[0015] Furthermore, the pushing mechanism includes a cylinder and a pushing plate connected to the cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to the side wall of the impact chamber, and the pushing plate is completely retracted under the guide plate when not in operation to avoid interfering with the flow of the photovoltaic cells.

[0016] Furthermore, a laser rangefinder is installed inside the impact cavity to monitor the stacking height of the broken photovoltaic cells inside the impact cavity in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, the laser rangefinder is electrically connected to the extrusion mechanism, the pushing mechanism, and the impact mechanism, respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the impact mechanism includes an electric cylinder and an impact rod connected to the electric cylinder. The electric cylinder is used to drive the impact rod to reciprocate in a vertical direction to achieve impact breakage of the photovoltaic cell.

[0019] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0020] This utility model discloses a multi-stage decomposition device for photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cells to be processed are fed into a coarse crushing unit, where an extrusion mechanism performs initial crushing. The initially crushed photovoltaic cells fall from the discharge port at the bottom of the extrusion chamber into the impact chamber of the fine crushing unit under gravity. Further crushing by the impact mechanism within the impact chamber yields finely crushed metal, EVA powder, and silicon material. This finely crushed metal, EVA powder, and silicon material are then fed into an eddy current separator for further separation. Utilizing the metal-separating properties of the eddy current separator, the metal is further separated... The particles are selected and collected in the metal particle storage bin, while the non-conductive medium enters the airflow separator from the discharge end of the eddy current separator. Under the action of the fan, the lighter EVA powder is blown into the pyrolysis furnace for decomposition. The gas generated by decomposition is purified by the purification tower to reduce environmental pollution, while the heavier silicon material falls into the collection bin for collection and recycling. This not only realizes automated dismantling, but also achieves graded recycling of materials by recycling metal, EVA and silicon materials separately through multi-stage decomposition of coarse crushing unit, fine crushing unit, eddy current separator and airflow separator. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device of this utility model;

[0023] Among them, 1. coarse crushing unit; 12. extrusion mechanism; 13. feed inlet; 14. discharge outlet; 15. extrusion chamber; 2. fine crushing unit; 21. impact mechanism; 211. electric cylinder; 212. impact rod; 22. guide plate; 23. pushing mechanism; 231. cylinder; 232. pushing plate; 24. impact chamber; 3. eddy current separator; 31. metal particle storage bin; 4. airflow separator; 41. fan; 5. pyrolysis furnace; 6. purification tower; 7. collection bin. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0025] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage dismantling device for photovoltaic cells to solve the problems existing in the prior art. This device enables automated dismantling of photovoltaic cells, graded recycling of materials, and reduction of environmental pollution.

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] The materials mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all photovoltaic cells or their fragments, wherein EVA refers to ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer;

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a multi-stage decomposition device for photovoltaic cells, including a coarse crushing unit 1, a fine crushing unit 2, an eddy current separator 3, and an airflow separator 4.

[0029] The coarse crushing unit 1 is provided with an extrusion chamber 15 and a feed inlet 13 connected to the extrusion chamber 15. The extrusion chamber 15 is used to accommodate the extrusion mechanism 12. The extrusion mechanism 12 can be a single-shaft crusher, a double-shaft crusher, or a four-shaft crusher, etc., which can be used for the preliminary crushing of photovoltaic cells. The bottom of the extrusion chamber 15 is provided with a discharge port 14 for discharging the crushed photovoltaic cells.

[0030] The fine crushing unit 2 is provided with an impact chamber 24. The upper end of the impact chamber 24 is provided with a feed end, which is connected to the discharge port 14. An impact mechanism 21 is also provided in the impact chamber 24 for fine crushing the photovoltaic cells after initial crushing. The bottom of the impact chamber 24 is provided with a pushing mechanism 23 for pushing the finely crushed photovoltaic cells into the eddy current separator 3.

[0031] The feed end of the eddy current separator 3 is connected to the bottom of the impact chamber 24 to receive the finely crushed photovoltaic cells pushed by the pusher mechanism 23. The eddy current separator 3 is also equipped with a metal particle storage bin 31 for collecting metal particles.

[0032] The air classifier 4 has a feed end at the top, which is connected to the discharge end of the eddy current separator 3. A fan 41 is installed on the side wall inside the air classifier 4. A pyrolysis furnace 5 and a purification tower 6 are connected in sequence on the side opposite to the fan 41. A collection bin 7 for collecting heavier materials is also installed at the bottom of the air classifier 4.

[0033] When decomposing photovoltaic cells, the cells to be processed are fed into the coarse crushing unit 1. The extrusion mechanism 12 of the coarse crushing unit 1 initially crushes them into materials of 10-20mm. Under the action of gravity, the initially crushed materials fall from the discharge port 14 at the bottom of the extrusion chamber 15 into the impact chamber 24 of the fine crushing unit 2. Under the further crushing by the impact mechanism 21 in the impact chamber 24, metal, EVA powder, and silicon materials of 1-5mm size are obtained. The finely crushed metal, EVA powder, and silicon materials are then fed into the eddy current separator 3 for separation. Utilizing the metal separation characteristics of the eddy current separator 3, the metal is separated and collected in the metal particle storage bin 31. The non-conductive medium enters the air classifier 4 from the discharge end of the eddy current separator 3, and the lighter EVA powder is blown into the pyrolysis furnace 5 for decomposition by the fan 41. The temperature inside the pyrolysis furnace 5 is 300-400℃, and the exhaust gas generated by decomposition is purified by the purification tower 6 to reduce environmental pollution. The purification tower 6 is an existing air purification device. The heavier silicon material falls into the collection bin 7 for collection and recycling. This not only realizes automated dismantling, but also achieves graded recycling of materials by recycling metal, EVA material and silicon material separately through multi-stage decomposition of coarse crushing unit 1, fine crushing unit 2, eddy current separator 3 and air classifier 4.

[0034] As an example of an implementable approach, such as Figure 1 As shown, the heights of the coarse crushing unit 1, fine crushing unit 2, eddy current separator 3, and airflow separator 4 decrease sequentially. The photovoltaic cells are transported step by step using their own gravity, which simplifies the transport structure, makes the structure more streamlined, and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0035] As an example of an implementable approach, such as Figure 1 As shown, the extrusion mechanism 12 includes a biaxial shear crusher, wherein an extrusion channel for extruding and crushing photovoltaic cells is formed between the two toothed rollers of the biaxial shear crusher, and the inlet of the extrusion channel faces the feed inlet 13; wherein the extrusion mechanism 12 also includes a drive mechanism, which includes a motor and a reducer, and the motor is connected to the biaxial shear crusher through the reducer.

[0036] As an example of an implementable approach, such as Figure 1 As shown, the feed end of the fine crushing unit 2 is provided with an inclined guide plate 22. The guide plate 22 extends inclinedly from the feed end of the fine crushing unit 2 towards the impact mechanism 21 to guide the initially crushed material into the impact crushing area. If the angle between the guide plate 22 and the horizontal plane is too large, the guiding effect will be poor, while if the angle is too small, it will be inconvenient for conveying. Therefore, the angle between the guide plate 22 and the horizontal plane is set to be greater than or equal to 45° and less than or equal to 60° to facilitate the conveying and guiding of the material falling from the discharge port 14.

[0037] As an example of an implementable approach, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pushing mechanism 23 includes a cylinder 231 and a pushing plate 232 connected to the cylinder 231. The cylinder 231 is fixed to the side wall of the impact chamber 24. When not in operation, the pushing plate 232 is completely retracted below the guide plate 22, which can effectively prevent material falling from the discharge port 14 from entering between the non-working surface of the pushing plate 232 and the cylinder 231. A laser rangefinder sensor is also provided in the impact chamber 24. This sensor is electrically connected to the extrusion mechanism 12, the pushing mechanism 23, and the impact mechanism 21. The laser rangefinder sensor can be located at the top of the impact chamber 24 to monitor the accumulation height of the finely crushed material in the impact chamber 24 in real time. When the finely crushed material reaches the required pushing height, the laser rangefinder sensor generates an electrical signal to pause the extrusion mechanism 12 and the impact mechanism 21, causing the pushing plate 232 to push the finely crushed material into the eddy current separator 3, realizing automated conveying.

[0038] As an example of an implementable approach, such as Figure 1 As shown, the impact mechanism 21 includes an electric cylinder 211 and an impact rod 212 connected to the electric cylinder 211. The electric cylinder 211 drives the impact rod 212 to reciprocate in the vertical direction, thereby achieving the impact crushing of the photovoltaic cell.

[0039] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage decomposition device for photovoltaic cells, characterized in that, include: The coarse crushing unit is provided with an extrusion chamber and a feed inlet communicating with the extrusion chamber. The extrusion chamber is provided with an extrusion mechanism for crushing photovoltaic cells, and the bottom of the extrusion chamber is provided with a discharge port. The crushing unit is equipped with an impact chamber. The upper end of the impact chamber is the feed end and is connected to the discharge port. The impact chamber is equipped with an impact mechanism for impacting the photovoltaic cells that have been crushed by the extrusion mechanism. The bottom of the impact chamber is equipped with a pushing mechanism for pushing the photovoltaic cells that have been crushed by the impact mechanism. An eddy current separator, wherein the feed end of the eddy current separator is connected to the impact chamber and receives photovoltaic cells pushed by the pushing mechanism, and the eddy current separator is provided with a metal particle storage bin for collecting metal particles. The airflow separator has a feed end at the top, which is connected to the discharge end of the eddy current separator. The side wall of the airflow separator is equipped with a fan, and a pyrolysis furnace and a purification tower are connected in sequence on the side opposite to the fan. The bottom of the airflow separator is equipped with a collection bin.

2. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heights of the coarse crushing unit, fine crushing unit, eddy current separator, and airflow separator decrease sequentially.

3. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion mechanism includes a biaxial shear crusher, wherein an extrusion channel for extruding and crushing the photovoltaic cells is formed between the two toothed rollers of the biaxial shear crusher.

4. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The extrusion mechanism also includes a drive mechanism, which includes a motor and a reducer. The motor is connected to the dual-shaft shear crusher via the reducer.

5. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed end of the fine crushing unit is provided with an inclined guide plate, which extends inclinedly from the feed end of the fine crushing unit toward the impact mechanism to guide the material into the impact crushing area.

6. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The angle between the guide plate and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 45° and less than or equal to 60°.

7. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pushing mechanism includes a cylinder and a pushing plate connected to the cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to the side wall of the impact chamber. When not in operation, the pushing plate is completely retracted under the guide plate to avoid interfering with the flow of the photovoltaic cells.

8. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact chamber is equipped with a laser rangefinder sensor to monitor the stacking height of the broken photovoltaic cells in the impact chamber in real time.

9. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The laser rangefinder is electrically connected to the extrusion mechanism, the pushing mechanism, and the impact mechanism, respectively.

10. The photovoltaic cell multi-stage decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact mechanism includes an electric cylinder and an impact rod connected to the electric cylinder. The electric cylinder is used to drive the impact rod to reciprocate in a vertical direction to achieve impact breakage of the photovoltaic cell.

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