A cycle configuration for an ammonia driven gas turbine

Abstract

This utility model discloses a cycle configuration of an ammonia-driven gas turbine, including: a compressor, a burner, a fuel storage tank, and a liquid ammonia tank. The compressor, fuel storage tank, and liquid ammonia tank are respectively connected to the burner through pipelines. The system also includes a turbine mounted on the same shaft as the compressor. The flue gas inlet of the turbine is connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner. A combustion flue gas emission channel is also connected to the flue gas outlet of the turbine. A liquid ammonia delivery pipeline connected to the liquid ammonia tank is located in the combustion flue gas emission channel, so that the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline is heated and vaporized. The liquid ammonia delivery pipeline extending from the combustion flue gas emission channel is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner. This utility model utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas for preheating and cracking of the liquid ammonia, reducing the heat loss of the cycle, completing the comprehensive utilization and circulation of ammonia, realizing the efficient utilization of thermal energy, and solving the technical problem of low efficiency in the conversion of thermoelectric, thermal, and kinetic energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of engine and power generation technology, specifically to a cycle configuration of an ammonia-driven gas turbine. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the intensification of the global energy crisis and the increasing severity of environmental problems, countries around the world have accelerated the promotion of energy transition and low-carbon development strategies. Currently, renewable energy sources are limited by intermittency and volatility, making it difficult to meet the demands of the power grid; while hydrogen energy is considered an ideal energy storage method for new energy sources, its low energy density (liquid hydrogen is only 70 kg / m³) is a significant drawback. 3 Issues such as storage and transportation safety have hindered large-scale application. Green ammonia, produced by electrolyzing water using renewable energy and then synthesizing ammonia with nitrogen from the air, is an ideal carrier of hydrogen energy, effectively solving its storage and transportation problems. It is an ideal material to help the energy system transition from high-carbon fossil fuels to clean, zero-carbon energy. Therefore, developing green ammonia and its thermoelectric and kinetic energy conversion technologies has become crucial to breaking through the bottlenecks of energy transition.

[0003] Currently, there are two main technological pathways for converting ammonia into electricity. One is combustion to generate heat, which is then converted into electricity by rotating machinery. The other is an electrochemical method, which involves cracking ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and then separating the hydrogen to generate electricity using fuel cell technology. AMOGY, a company located in New York, USA, achieved the world's first demonstration run of a heavy-duty truck using fuel cell technology. Although the theoretical efficiency of fuel cells is over 40%, comparable to other technologies, this technological approach suffers from low overall efficiency in converting ammonia energy into electricity due to significant energy losses (over 20%) during ammonia cracking and separation. Furthermore, fuel cell technology also has a series of drawbacks, including low energy density, large size, the need for rare metal catalysts, and limited potential for cost reduction.

[0004] Another path to converting ammonia energy into electricity is through combustion to generate high-temperature heat energy, which is then used to rotate machinery and generate electricity. Thermoelectric conversion mainly involves three technologies: internal combustion engines, steam turbines, and gas turbines. For ammonia fuel, the reciprocating structure of internal combustion engines poses significant challenges to combustion organization and pollutant control, while the stable, continuous combustion configuration of gas turbines provides better conditions for overcoming the technical difficulties of ammonia combustion. However, gas turbines, as high-end power equipment, suffer from high manufacturing costs and low single-cycle efficiency. Especially for mobile power systems, gas turbines are unsuitable for combined cycle operation and can only operate in single-cycle mode, generally resulting in low fuel efficiency.

[0005] While ammonia fuel offers the advantage of zero carbon emissions, its combustion characteristics present numerous challenges, such as low combustion speed, high nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and difficulty in ignition. Because the mechanism of NOx production from ammonia combustion is completely different from that of other fuels like natural gas, NOx emissions are particularly difficult to address. Therefore, the application of ammonia in gas turbine power systems currently faces many difficulties and shortcomings, necessitating the development of efficient, low-emission ammonia combustion technologies and related thermoelectric conversion technologies to drive the engineering application of ammonia gas turbines. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems of low thermoelectric, thermal, and kinetic energy conversion efficiency, this invention provides a cycle configuration for an ammonia-driven gas turbine. Using ammonia fuel as the working fluid, it integrates chemical and thermal energy in the traditional combustion-expansion cycle of the gas turbine. It utilizes the waste heat of flue gas for the evaporation, heating, and cracking of pre-liquid ammonia, reducing heat loss in the cycle, achieving comprehensive utilization and recycling of ammonia, and realizing efficient utilization of thermal energy.

[0007] The technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0008] A cycle configuration for an ammonia-driven gas turbine includes: a compressor, a burner, a fuel storage tank, and a liquid ammonia tank. The compressor, fuel storage tank, and liquid ammonia tank are respectively connected to the burner via pipelines. The system also includes a turbine mounted on the same shaft as the compressor. The flue gas inlet of the turbine is connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner. A combustion flue gas emission channel is also connected to the flue gas outlet of the turbine. A liquid ammonia delivery pipeline connected to the liquid ammonia tank is located in the combustion flue gas emission channel, so that the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline is heated and vaporized. The liquid ammonia delivery pipeline extending from the combustion flue gas emission channel is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner.

[0009] Furthermore, a three-way control valve is provided on the pipeline connected to the combustion chamber of the burner. The two inlet ends of the three-way control valve are respectively connected to the output pipeline of the fuel storage tank and the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline, and are used to control the output path of the fuel storage tank and the liquid ammonia tank.

[0010] Furthermore, a flow regulating valve is also provided on the pipeline connecting the three-way control valve and the burner to control the output of the fuel storage tank and the liquid ammonia tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline located in the combustion flue gas emission channel is also filled with an ammonia cracking catalyst.

[0012] Preferably, the ammonia cracking catalyst is one or a combination of several of iron-based, nickel-based, or ruthenium-based catalysts.

[0013] Preferably, the ammonia cracking catalyst is intermittently distributed downstream of the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline in the combustion flue gas emission channel.

[0014] Furthermore, the burner is a fully mixed-flow reactor with an ignition device. The compressed air in the compressor and the fuel in the fuel storage tank, or the compressed air in the compressor and the ammonia gas discharged from the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline after vaporization, enter the fully mixed-flow reactor. The fully mixed-flow reactor is equipped with an ammonia cracking catalyst.

[0015] Alternatively, the burner includes at least two fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series with ignition devices, controlling the fuel or gasified ammonia in the fuel tank to be input into the first fully mixed-flow reactor through a single pipeline, so that the fuel passes through each of the fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series in sequence; the air in the compressor is input into each of the fully mixed-flow reactors through multiple branch pipelines, and an ammonia cracking catalyst is provided in at least one of the fully mixed-flow reactors.

[0016] Alternatively, the burner includes at least two fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series with ignition devices, and controls the fuel or gasified ammonia in the fuel tank to be fed into each of the fully mixed-flow reactors through multiple branch lines; the air in the compressor is fed into the first fully mixed-flow reactor through a single line, and the air passes through each of the fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series in sequence, and at least one of the fully mixed-flow reactors is equipped with an ammonia cracking catalyst.

[0017] Preferably, a kinetic energy utilization device is also connected to the same rotating shaft connected in series with the compressor and turbine.

[0018] The technical solution of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] A. In this invention, fuel and air are mixed and burned in the burner. The resulting high-temperature flue gas first passes through the combustion flue gas emission channel, preheating the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline that runs through the channel. This fully utilizes the heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas to vaporize the liquid ammonia in the delivery pipeline, forming vaporized ammonia gas. Then, the fuel in the fuel storage tank is disconnected, and the vaporized ammonia gas is input into the combustion chamber of the burner. In the burner, it mixes with air and burns to form high-temperature expanding flue gas. While driving the turbine and compressor to rotate coaxially, it also fully utilizes the heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas to heat the liquid ammonia. The proposed novel ammonia cycle power system effectively solves a contradiction in the application of gas turbines, namely, the contradiction between low thermoelectric conversion efficiency and system volume and weight. This invention utilizes the physicochemical properties of ammonia cracking and gasification endothermic properties to effectively balance and resolve this contradiction in the ammonia cycle configuration.

[0020] B. The burner provided by this utility model adopts a variety of configuration structures and fills the burner with a suitable ammonia cracking catalyst, which optimizes the combustion behavior of ammonia fuel and effectively cracks the residual ammonia in the fuel. This enables the combustion chamber of the burner to have a cracking function, which not only completely cracks the ammonia gas and turns the ammonia gas combustion into the combustion of a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen gas, providing favorable conditions for controlling NOx emissions, but more importantly, the endothermic characteristics of cracking effectively cool the combustion chamber, which not only solves the high temperature problem, but also recovers the heat energy of the cooling medium and improves the cycle efficiency. This is the design concept and innovation of integrated combustion and cracking of ammonia fuel.

[0021] C. With the gradual reduction of global dependence on fossil fuels and the increasingly stringent carbon emission control policies, ammonia gas turbine power systems are expected to replace some traditional fuel power systems in the future, forming a new industrial growth point. At the same time, the high efficiency of the cycle power system provided by this utility model will also drive the development of related equipment manufacturing and system integration industries, forming a new industrial chain and promoting the dual improvement of economic and environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ammonia cycle gas turbine provided by this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of three configurations of the burner.

[0025] The meanings of the symbols in the image are as follows:

[0026] 1-Compressor; 2-Burner; 3-Fuel storage tank; 4-Liquid ammonia tank; 5-Shaft; 6-Turbine; 7-Combustion flue gas emission channel; 8-Liquid ammonia delivery pipeline; 9-Three-way control valve; 10-Ammonia cracking catalyst; 11-Kinetic energy utilization device; 12-Liquid ammonia pump; 13-Flow regulating valve; 14-Air source. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a cycle configuration for an ammonia-driven gas turbine, including: a compressor 1, a burner 2, a fuel storage tank 3, and a liquid ammonia tank 4. The compressor 1, fuel storage tank 3, and liquid ammonia tank 4 are respectively connected to the burner 2 through pipelines. The system also includes a turbine 6 mounted on the same rotating shaft 5 as the compressor 1. The flue gas inlet of the turbine 6 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner 2. A combustion flue gas emission channel 7 is also connected to the flue gas outlet of the turbine 6. A liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 connected to the liquid ammonia tank 4 passes through the combustion flue gas emission channel 7, so that the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 is heated and vaporized, and then the vaporized ammonia is delivered to the combustion chamber of the burner 2 through the extended liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8.

[0029] The fuel in fuel storage tank 3 can be various fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and gasoline, or a mixture rich in these fuels. To better control the fuel delivery in fuel storage tank 3 and the liquid ammonia delivery in liquid ammonia tank 4, this invention includes a three-way control valve 9 on the pipeline connected to the combustion chamber of burner 2. The two inlet ends of the three-way control valve 9 are respectively connected to the output pipeline of fuel storage tank 3 and the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8, used to control the output paths of fuel storage tank 3 and liquid ammonia tank 4. Alternatively, fuel storage tank 3 and liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 can be connected to the combustion chamber of burner via independent pipelines, with control valves installed on each pipeline. This invention preferably adopts the structure of the three-way control valve 9. During startup, fuel storage tank 3 needs to be connected to the combustion chamber of burner, and liquid ammonia tank 4 outputs liquid ammonia to liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 via liquid ammonia pump 12, where it is vaporized by high-temperature flue gas to form ammonia gas. When the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 is vaporized and reaches the combustion conditions, the connection between the fuel storage tank 3 and the burner is closed, so that the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner, and the ammonia is burned to provide power.

[0030] In order for the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 to undergo the required physical and chemical changes, the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the turbine 6 outlet must reach at least 500°C; the present invention further provides a flow regulating valve 13 on the pipeline connecting the three-way control valve 9 and the burner 2, which is used to control the output of the fuel storage tank 3 during startup and the output of the liquid ammonia tank 4 after the burner has stabilized combustion.

[0031] As a further preferred embodiment of this invention, the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 located in the combustion flue gas emission channel 7 is further filled with an ammonia cracking catalyst 10. The ammonia cracking catalyst 10 is placed in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8, causing some or all of the ammonia flowing through the catalyst to be cracked into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, which then mixes with air in the burner and undergoes combustion. The ammonia cracking catalyst 10 can be placed in one location or in multiple locations, with the preferred location being, but not limited to, downstream of the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8. The ammonia cracking catalyst 10 can be one or more iron-based, nickel-based, or ruthenium-based catalysts.

[0032] A gas turbine is a power machine whose basic operating characteristic is that the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the air causes the gas to expand rapidly, thereby driving the turbine to rotate at high speed. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method for gas turbine operation under steady-state conditions is as follows:

[0033] Airflow from ambient air source 14 is compressed into high-pressure air by compressor 1 and enters burner 2. The material in burner 2 is driven to rotate turbine 6 by the high-temperature flue gas after combustion. The high-temperature flue gas drives turbine 6 to do work and then enters combustion flue gas emission channel 7. The liquid ammonia source tank 4, which is the main fuel source, enters the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 at the target flow rate under the regulation of liquid ammonia pump 12 and control valve 9. The main body of liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8 is installed in combustion flue gas emission channel 7 so that the heat energy of the flue gas can be partially transferred to the ammonia material in combustion flue gas emission channel 7, so that the liquid ammonia is heated until it is vaporized and enters the burner to mix with air and burn. Turbine 6 and compressor 1 share a rotating shaft 5. The vaporized ammonia is burned in burner 2. The kinetic energy of the combustion flue gas drives turbine 6 to do work and rotate it at high speed. The rotating shaft 5 transmits the rotational kinetic energy to compressor 1, causing compressor 1 to rotate accordingly, thereby continuously compressing atmospheric air into high-pressure air. At the same time, the rotating shaft 5 can further drive the downstream kinetic energy utilization device 11.

[0034] The kinetic energy utilization device 11 used in this utility model can be installed according to the specific requirements of the user. Commonly, it is a generator, or a mobile device, such as a ship's wheel, or a combination thereof. Its application scenarios are relatively flexible, covering general application scenarios in the field of engines or generators.

[0035] The burner 2 used is a device with an ignition device that allows fuel to burn continuously in the air; the ignition device is only used when the machine is started and combustion is triggered, and is not needed after combustion reaches a stable state and proceeds spontaneously.

[0036] To achieve higher efficiency, gas turbine burners often employ a parallel configuration of multiple burners. For ease of description, this utility model only describes the technical features of one burner on a single fluid line.

[0037] like Figure 2 The diagram in Figure a shows a burner that uses a simpler fully mixed reactor (PSR) design, in which air and fuel flow into a mixing chamber simultaneously and undergo combustion.

[0038] The operation of all valves is determined by the direction of fluid flow during system operation, and they are set to be open or closed. The fluid flow rate can be controlled and measured using flow regulating valve 13 according to the flow rate required for machine operation. These two parts are not described in detail here because the principle is relatively simple.

[0039] Figure 2 The specific process parameters used in the diagram are set with the aim of enabling the system to operate independently and stably. The specific process parameters for achieving this goal, such as flow rate, fluid temperature, ambient temperature, and combination of catalyst dosage and type, have a wide range of choices. All process parameters that can achieve the above goals are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the air source 14 uses an air compressor to pressurize atmospheric air into the inlet of the compressor 1 and into the burner 2; then the fuel tank 3 is opened so that the fuel enters the flow regulating valve 13 through the three-way control valve 9 and enters the combustion chamber of the burner 2; since the role of air is to react with fuel in the burner 2, the air compressor can also be directly connected to the air inlet of the burner 2.

[0042] Once the burner 2 has an airflow and fuel, its ignition device can be activated as soon as possible for ignition and combustion. The combustion flue gas drives the turbine 6 to rotate. When the temperature of the flue gas emitted by the turbine 6 reaches 450°C, the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 4 is introduced into the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline 8. When the temperature of the emitted flue gas reaches 500°C, the fuel supply to the fuel storage tank 3 is shut off, and the air compressor is shut down and switched, allowing the compressor 1 to draw air from the ambient atmosphere. After this, the gas turbine enters a steady-state operating state.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The above describes the steady-state operation and startup method of the gas turbine.

[0045] Based on Example 1, Figure 2 The diagram in Figure a shows the pyrolysis function of the burner, which means that an ammonia pyrolysis catalyst is added to the fully mixed-flow reactor shown in Figure a. The ammonia pyrolysis catalyst is an iron-based catalyst, a nickel-based catalyst, or a mixture of the two types of catalysts.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] Unlike Embodiments 1 and 2, the burner 2 in this invention includes at least two series-connected fully mixed-flow reactors equipped with ignition devices. Fuel or gasified ammonia from the fuel storage tank 3 is input into the first fully mixed-flow reactor via a single pipeline, allowing the fuel to pass sequentially through each of the series-connected fully mixed-flow reactors. Air from the compressor 1 is input into each fully mixed-flow reactor via multiple branch pipelines, and at least one of the fully mixed-flow reactors contains an ammonia cracking catalyst. Figure 2 The diagram in Figure b shows two fully mixed flow reactors connected in series. The fuel flow is a single gas flow through all the fully mixed flow reactors, while the air flow is split into multiple streams that enter different fully mixed flow reactors. The fuel content in the fluid in the downstream fully mixed flow reactor is progressively lower than that in the upstream reactor.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] In this embodiment, the burner 2 includes at least two fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series with ignition devices. The fuel in the fuel storage tank 3 or the gasified ammonia is fed into each fully mixed-flow reactor through multiple branch lines. The air in the compressor 1 is fed into the first fully mixed-flow reactor through a single line, so that the air passes through each fully mixed-flow reactor connected in series in sequence. At least one fully mixed-flow reactor is equipped with an ammonia cracking catalyst.

[0050] like Figure 2 The diagram in Figure c shows two or more fully mixed flow reactors connected in series. The airflow is a single stream flowing through all the fully mixed flow reactors, while the fuel flow is split into multiple streams that enter different fully mixed flow reactors. The fuel content in the fluid increases in the downstream fully mixed flow reactor compared to its upstream counterpart.

[0051] Any aspects not covered in this utility model are applicable to the prior art.

[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A cycle configuration for an ammonia-driven gas turbine, comprising: The compressor (1), burner (2), fuel tank (3) and liquid ammonia tank (4) are respectively connected to the burner (2) through pipelines. The characteristic of the circulation configuration is that the turbine (6) is set on the same rotating shaft (5) as the compressor (1). The flue gas inlet of the turbine (6) is connected to the flue gas outlet of the burner (2). A combustion flue gas emission channel (7) is also connected to the flue gas outlet of the turbine (6). The liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) connected to the liquid ammonia tank (4) is set in the combustion flue gas emission channel (7) so that the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) is heated and vaporized. The liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) extending from the combustion flue gas emission channel (7) is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner (2).

2. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A three-way control valve (9) is also provided on the pipeline connected to the combustion chamber of the burner (2). The two inlet ends of the three-way control valve (9) are respectively connected to the output pipeline of the fuel storage tank (3) and the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) to control the output path of the fuel storage tank (3) and the liquid ammonia tank (4).

3. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that, A flow regulating valve (13) is also provided on the pipeline connecting the three-way control valve (9) and the burner (2) to control the output of the fuel storage tank (3) and the liquid ammonia tank (4).

4. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) located in the combustion flue gas emission channel (7) is also filled with ammonia cracking catalyst (10).

5. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ammonia cracking catalyst (10) is one or a combination of iron-based, nickel-based or ruthenium-based catalysts.

6. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ammonia cracking catalyst (10) is intermittently distributed downstream of the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) in the combustion flue gas emission channel (7).

7. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The burner (2) is a fully mixed-flow reactor with an ignition device. The compressed air in the compressor (1) and the fuel in the fuel storage tank (3) or the compressed air in the compressor (1) and the ammonia gas discharged from the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (8) after gasification enter the fully mixed-flow reactor. The fully mixed-flow reactor is equipped with an ammonia cracking catalyst.

8. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The burner (2) includes at least two fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series with ignition devices. The fuel or gasified ammonia in the fuel storage tank (3) is controlled to be input into the first fully mixed-flow reactor through a single pipeline, so that the fuel passes through each of the fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series in sequence. The air in the compressor (1) is input into each of the fully mixed-flow reactors through multiple branch pipelines, and an ammonia cracking catalyst is provided in at least one of the fully mixed-flow reactors.

9. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The burner (2) includes at least two fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series with ignition devices. The fuel or gasified ammonia in the fuel storage tank (3) is controlled to be input into each of the fully mixed-flow reactors through multiple branch lines. The air in the compressor (1) is input into the first fully mixed-flow reactor through a single pipeline, so that the air passes through each of the fully mixed-flow reactors connected in series in sequence, and an ammonia cracking catalyst is provided in at least one of the fully mixed-flow reactors.

10. The cycle configuration of the ammonia-driven gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A kinetic energy utilization device (11) is also connected to the same rotating shaft (5) connected in series with the compressor (1) and turbine (6).

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