Overhead line monitoring methods and measuring devices

Abstract

Overhead line monitoring method, in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized metrologically in order to keep the operating state of the overhead line within a predefinable permissible range depending on weather influences by regulating energy feed-in to the overhead line and at the same time to maximize energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state, comprising the following steps: • Generation of evaluable measurements depending on wind speeds v i at a plurality n of measuring points i=1...n along an overhead line, in particular at locations where overhead line masts are erected, wherein o Wind energy at a measuring point i is converted into a rotational movement of a rotor (2) of a sensor (1), wherein an angular velocity ω i the rotational motion is proportional to the wind speed v i is, o the rotational movement is converted into a periodic, local deformation of at least one optical waveguide (3) running parallel to the overhead line at the measuring point i, wherein a deformation frequency f i the deformation is proportional to the angular velocity ω i the rotational movement • Calculation of wind speeds v i at the n measuring points by evaluating periodic changes in signal attenuation caused by deformation in the optical waveguide (3) using proportionality factors between the wind speeds v i and the angular velocities ω i as well as between the angular velocities ω i and the deformation frequencies f i , • Assessment of the operating condition of the overhead line based on wind speeds v i .

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an overhead line monitoring method in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized metrologically in order to maintain the operating state of the overhead line within a predefinable permissible range by regulating the energy feed-in to the overhead line, depending on weather influences, and simultaneously to maximize the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state. The invention also relates to a sensor for generating an evaluable measured value as a function of wind speed.

[0002] The application of Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) enables network operators to dynamically adjust the rated power of high-voltage overhead lines by recording and analyzing ambient weather data such as outside temperature and wind speed, and to use them far above their static transport limits.

[0003] The current challenges can be summarized as follows: - significantly larger power transmissions via existing facilities - more frequent and intense localized weather stress due to temperature and wind - Existing systems are mostly 40 years old or older - linear and large-scale infrastructure, especially for 380 kV dual and multi-system lines - Linear infrastructure is located in the visible and publicly accessible space - permanent changes to intersection situations in public spaces.

[0004] This necessitates the recording of conductor cable and weather conditions. Until now, electronic systems have been used for this purpose, which rely on a stable power supply and must ensure secure data transmission over public networks.

[0005] Determining the wind conditions, in combination with temperature measurement and knowledge of the current conductor current I, makes it possible to LS and taking into account the time- and day-dependent solar altitude H S the calculation of the possible current increase and the conductor temperature.

[0006] These parameters allow the calculation of the various sources of heat absorption and emission at the conductor cable (convection P). C , Joule heat P J , solar radiation P S as well as thermal radiation P R ), from which the conductor temperature ϑ is ultimately determined. HLand thus the current carrying capacity can be derived. The effective wind speed plays a crucial role here, as precise knowledge of the cooling convection has a significantly greater impact on the DLR than moderate temperature changes. However, measuring this is considerably more difficult, since the volatility can be much higher and individual measurements provide little information about the entire length.

[0007] Established measurement systems directly and indirectly record one or more of these parameters. They can be broadly categorized as follows: - statistical methods: Use of historical weather data - Continuous time measurement methods in or on the line: weather stations LiDAR-based measurement methods Measuring systems on main conductors

[0008] Aside from the statistical methods, these DLR systems require an external power supply. Installing these systems is quite complex, sometimes even necessitating the temporary shutdown of power circuits during installation and maintenance. Since these devices typically transmit their data via public telecommunications networks, network operators face additional attack vectors for cyberattacks. Furthermore, weather models lack the essential real-world verification of environmental variables. To avoid these problems, fiber optic technologies can be used and integrated into the existing fiber optic infrastructure of transmission networks.

[0009] In WO 2021 / 207093 A1, an anemometer is proposed that is attached directly to a utility pole and, through its rotation, generates mechanical oscillations / vibrations that are transmitted to the pole and thus indirectly to the fiber optic cable, where they are subsequently measured using DFOS (Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing) technology. Since vibration of the pole and the fiber optic cable can ultimately be caused by a wide variety of factors, not least the wind itself, such a measurement of wind speed is very inaccurate.

[0010] A fiber optic device for measuring wind speed is known from CN 2 02 649 232 U.

[0011] CN 1 05 092 887 A discloses a passive device and a method for monitoring wind speed based on fiber grid sensor technology.

[0012] The invention is based on the objective of providing an overhead line monitoring method and a measuring device that enable the operational state of an overhead line to be characterized metrologically in order to maintain the operating state of the overhead line within a predefinable permissible range, depending on weather influences, by regulating the energy feed-in to the overhead line, and simultaneously to maximize the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible operating state range. Ideally, one or more of the following objectives should be achieved: the highest possible transmission capacity of the circuits, low safety margins, etc.Safety reserves, high operational reliability and public safety, continuous, where possible location-resolved assessment, low electrical power requirements for the measurement technology, permanent accessibility of the monitoring technology, verifiability of the measurement results, low installation effort.

[0013] The problem is solved procedurally by the features of independent claim 1 and apparatus-wise by the features of independent claim 7. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0014] To solve this problem, an overhead line monitoring method is proposed in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized metrologically in order to keep the operating state of the overhead line within a predefinable permissible range depending on weather influences by regulating an energy feed-in into the overhead line and at the same time to maximize an energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state.

[0015] According to the invention, the first step is the generation of evaluable measurement variables as a function of wind speeds v. i at a plurality n of measuring points i=1...n along an overhead line, in particular at locations where overhead line masts are erected.

[0016] To generate the evaluable measured quantities, wind energy at a measuring point i is converted into a rotational movement of a rotor of a sensor, whereby an angular velocity ω ithe rotational motion is proportional to the wind speed v i is.

[0017] The conversion of wind energy into a rotary motion is achieved in particular by a rotatably mounted rotor, such as a half-shell anemometer, a vane anemometer, a wind turbine or a comparable suitable device.

[0018] The rotational movement is converted into a periodic, local deformation of at least one optical waveguide running parallel to the overhead line at the measuring point i, with a deformation frequency f i the deformation is proportional to the angular velocity ω i the rotational movement.

[0019] The optical waveguide is, in particular, an optical fiber in an optical ground wire (OPGW). Alternatively, the optical waveguide can be deformed in an optical phase conductor (OPPC). Both OPGW and (though less frequently) OPPC are already installed on most overhead power lines for data transmission, so that existing infrastructure can advantageously be used to implement the method according to the invention.

[0020] The periodic, local deformation of the at least one optical waveguide is a mechanical influence on the waveguide and, as such, causes attenuation of the signals transmitted through the waveguide. Pressure-induced bending losses lead to changes in transmission within the optical waveguide; that is, a fiber optic effect is utilized in which a significant, locally localized increase in attenuation can be observed due to bending of an optical waveguide. The resulting periodic change in attenuation is preferably detected using an optical level measurement system consisting of a transmitter and a receiver.

[0021] According to the invention, the calculation of wind speeds v is carried out following the generation of evaluable measurement variables. iat the n measuring points by evaluating periodic changes in signal attenuation caused by deformation in the optical fiber using the proportionality factors between the wind speeds v i and the angular velocities ω i as well as between the angular velocities ω i and the deformation frequencies f i .

[0022] Finally, according to the invention, the operating condition of the overhead line is assessed based on the wind speeds v. i .

[0023] Preferably, the deformation of one or more optical fibers is carried out at at least two, particularly preferably at at least three, and most preferably at at least four measuring points along an overhead power line. It can be provided that the deformation of one or more optical fibers is carried out at each overhead power line pylon, whereby the assessment of the operating condition of the overhead power line can be carried out with greater accuracy the more measuring points are used along the overhead power line. Preferably, the deformation of one or more optical fibers is carried out along the entire transmission line. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the wind speed is recorded every 1 to 4 km.

[0024] The conversion of wind energy into a rotary motion preferably takes place at the corner post of an overhead line tower on a boom. This reduces the effects of the tower structure due to air turbulence or wind shadowing. In particular, it may be intended that the conversion of wind energy into a rotary motion occurs at a lower boom (for example, at the level of the lower main conductor), since wind speeds on an overhead line tower typically decrease towards the ground. This ensures that wind speeds in the lower section are used to assess the operational condition of the overhead line, and that the lines are cooled somewhat more by the generally higher wind speeds.

[0025] Preferably, in parallel with the generation of evaluable measured variables as a function of wind speeds at a plurality of measuring points, the ambient temperature profile along the overhead power line is also determined, preferably using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). The determined ambient temperatures can be used in addition to the wind speeds when assessing the operating condition of the overhead power line in order to increase the accuracy of the method according to the invention.

[0026] For example, it may be provided that a periodic local deformation of one and the same optical waveguide takes place at at least two measuring points i, for example on different overhead line masts.

[0027] Preferably, in this case, the resolution of the wind speeds v is carried out iThe individual measurement points i are determined based on the transit time difference of the evaluated signals. The transit time difference of the evaluated signals is preferably recorded using an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR).

[0028] This advantageously results in a saving of the optical fibers that need to be used.

[0029] According to an alternative embodiment, a first optical waveguide is deformed at a first measuring point i1 and a second optical waveguide is deformed at a second measuring point i2.

[0030] The equipment required is more complex, but the evaluation is simpler.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, when converting the rotary motion into a periodic, local deformation of the optical waveguide, a reduction in rotational speed takes place, thereby greatly minimizing the mechanical stress on the respective optical fiber or the respective optical waveguide.

[0032] A reduction ratio of at least 1:50, preferably at least 1:100, and particularly preferably at least 1:140 may be provided.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it may be provided that the wind speeds v i to be calculated using the following formula: Vw=a+2πrNbT

[0034] This formula is particularly useful when a hemispherical anemometer is used as the rotor. Here, a is the initial velocity (i.e., the minimum velocity at which the anemometer begins to rotate), r is the radius of the rotor, N is the velocity reduction ratio, T is the period of the measured signal, and b is the pressure coefficient between the concave and convex hemispheres.

[0035] It may also be possible to detect the periodic change in signal attenuation in the optical fiber using an optical level measurement system. An optical level measurement system consists of an optical transmitter and a receiver and can be used not only for detection but also for signal analysis. For this purpose, a fiber monitoring system is connected to the respective fiber (the respective optical fiber) via the optical cable termination (OCT) of the fiber optic cable system at a network operator's station, such as a switching station or substation. The monitoring system has a data interface for querying the measured values.

[0036] The problem is further solved by a measuring transmitter for generating an evaluable measured quantity as a function of a wind speed, comprising a rotor rotatably mounted in or on a housing and set into rotation by the action of wind energy, a fiber guide for an optical waveguide arranged in or on the housing, and a coupling element designed to convert a rotational movement of the rotor into a periodic, local deformation of an optical waveguide running through the fiber guide, wherein a speed reduction takes place during the conversion of the rotational movement into the periodic, local deformation of the optical waveguide.

[0037] The rotor is preferably designed as a half-shell anemometer, although alternative embodiments such as a vane anemometer, a wind turbine or a comparable suitable device are conceivable.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment of the sensor according to the invention, the coupling element is connected to the fiber guide in which an optical waveguide is guided through the housing. The coupling element comprises two guide elements and an actuating element, wherein the guide elements are arranged on a first side and the actuating element on a second side of the optical waveguide opposite the first side, and wherein the actuating element is movable back and forth between a rest position and an active position, and in the active position the actuating element and the guide elements interact to deform the optical waveguide.

[0039] It may be provided that at least one additional guide element is arranged on the second side of the optical waveguide.

[0040] A guiding element is defined as any technical means that is arranged near the path of the optical fiber through the housing in such a way that the optical fiber either constantly or at least when subjected to a transverse force. Such guiding elements can be, for example, pins, discs, grooves, bores, etc., although this list is purely illustrative and by no means exhaustive.

[0041] It may be provided that, in addition to the two known guide elements, at least one further guide element is present, which, however, is not located on the same side as the existing guide elements, but on the opposite side, where the actuating element or at least a contact area of ​​the actuating element that can be brought into contact with the optical fiber is also located. By increasing the number of guide elements and arranging them with relatively small distances between each other, the achievable attenuation can be significantly increased.

[0042] If lateral pressure is exerted on the optical fiber – for example, directly by the actuator or by a movement of one or more guide elements caused by the actuator – the optical fiber will conform to all guide elements even with slight elastic deformation, so that lateral pressure is exerted on the optical fiber at each individual contact point formed by a guide element. If the actuator acts directly on the optical fiber, lateral pressure-induced attenuation is naturally also generated there. The attenuations induced at all contact points are additive. Thus, even a minimal deflection of the optical fiber is sufficient to generate a detectable signal. This protects the optical fiber and allows it to retain its original mechanical elasticity even after numerous actuation cycles.

[0043] According to one embodiment, at least three guide elements can be arranged alternately along the optical fiber, one on each side of the fiber. This number can, of course, be increased further and can also be doubled by arranging the guide elements symmetrically relative to the actuating element.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment of the measuring transmitter according to the invention, the coupling element has an eccentric which is designed to convert the rotary movement of the rotor into a linear movement of the actuating element.

[0045] Advantageously, this makes it possible to generate a periodic deformation of an optical waveguide, where the deformation frequency f i the deformation is proportional to the angular velocity ω i the rotational movement and is therefore inversely proportional to the wind energy at the respective measuring point.

[0046] Alternatively, it can be provided that the eccentric itself acts as an actuating element and thus directly affects the optical fiber.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling element has a planetary gear for speed reduction.

[0048] Advantageously, the eccentric has an eccentric rotor which is connected at a first end via a pinion to the rotor of the sensor or the planetary gear and which rotates eccentrically about an axis of rotation. The rotor is preferably in operative contact with a thrust element, which can, for example, be designed as a plate with a continuous recess in which the eccentric rotor is arranged. The rotation of the eccentric rotor sets the thrust element, which in turn has the actuating element or is connected to the actuating element, into a linear movement that is arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

[0049] It may also be provided that the optical fiber is guided in the housing in a loop or coil shape such that at least two sections of the optical fiber are passed between guide elements and the actuating element.

[0050] The number of loops or loops, like the number of guide elements, can be used for individual coding of each sensor, as this also allows the resulting attenuation to be adjusted. In a fiber optic network comprising at least two sensors according to the invention, where at least one sensor has two or more sections of the optical fiber routed between the guide elements and the actuator, it is thus possible to easily determine which sensor generated a detected signal. If more than two sensors are present in the network, it is advantageous for each sensor to have a different number of optical fiber routed between the guide elements and the actuator.

[0051] The operating principle of the measuring transmitter according to the invention is based on the utilization of a fiber optic effect, in which a significant, locally localizable increase in attenuation can be observed due to the bending of an optical fiber, and is realized using exclusively fiber optic components, without the use of auxiliary electrical energy.

[0052] The measurement data is transmitted via the overhead ground wire (OPGW) of the transmission line and therefore does not rely on the use of public telecommunications networks. All measurement technology can be easily retrofitted to existing transmission lines. The monitoring equipment is advantageously installed at the end points of the line, e.g., in the substations or switching stations of the network operators.

[0053] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings. Fig. 1: a perspective view of a measuring transmitter according to the invention; Fig. 2: a schematic side view of a measuring transmitter according to the invention; Fig. 3: a longitudinal section through the sensor in the plane A:A of the Fig. 2; Fig. 4: a perspective view into the interior of a measuring transmitter according to the invention; Fig. 5: a cross-section through the sensor in the plane B:B of the Fig. 2; Fig. 6: a schematic arrangement of several measuring sensors on fiber loops of different optical waveguides, at different measuring points along an overhead line; Fig. 7: a schematic arrangement of several measuring sensors on fiber loops of the same optical waveguide, at different measuring points along an overhead line; Fig. 8: a schematic sketch to illustrate the evaluation principle of several as in Fig. 7 arranged measuring transmitters; and Fig. 9: a possible arrangement of a measuring transmitter according to the invention on an overhead line mast.

[0054] Fig. Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a measuring transmitter 1 according to the invention, while Fig. Figure 2 shows the measuring transmitter 1 according to the invention in a schematic side view.

[0055] The sensor 1 comprises a housing 4 and a rotor 2 rotatably mounted in or on the housing 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor 2 is designed as a cup anemometer. The housing 4 can be closed with a cover 4.1.

[0056] The housing 4 also has a connection opening 4.2 through which the optical fiber is led both into and out of the housing 4.

[0057] In the Fig. 3 is a measuring sensor 1 according to the invention in longitudinal section in the plane A:A of the Fig. Figure 2 shows the rotor 2 rotatably mounted on the cover 4.1 of the housing 4. The cover 4.1 and the housing 4 are sealed against each other by an O-ring 4.3.

[0058] The rotor 2 is set into rotation by wind energy and drives a pinion shaft 8. The pinion shaft 8 is connected via a pinion 9 to a planetary gear 5.2 of a coupling element 5. The planetary gear 5.2 in turn acts on an eccentric 5.1 and transmits the rotational motion of the pinion shaft 8 to the eccentric 5.1. The planetary gear 5.2 thus provides a speed reduction.

[0059] Eccentric 5.1 and planetary gear 5.2 are part of a coupling element 5, which is designed to convert the rotary motion of the rotor 2 into a linear motion of an actuating element (in Fig. 3 not recognizable) to convert.

[0060] Also formed as part of the coupling element 5 in the illustrated embodiment is a push plate 5.3. The push plate 5.3 is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the eccentric 5.1 and has an opening within which the control disk of the eccentric 5.1 is arranged, the center point of the control disk being located outside the axis of rotation of the eccentric 5.1.

[0061] The interaction between eccentric 5.1 and impact plate 5.3 is described in detail in Fig. Figure 4 shows a perspective view into the interior of a measuring sensor 1 according to the invention. The opening in the impact plate 5.3 essentially corresponds to the radius of the control disk of the eccentric 5.1, so that the impact plate 5.3 is set into a linear movement by the rotational movement of the eccentric 5.1. The impact plate 5.3 is guided in the fiber plate 10. An actuating element 7 is connected to the impact plate 5.3.

[0062] An optical waveguide 3 is guided in a loop on the fiberboard 10 such that several sections of the optical waveguide 3 pass between guide elements 6 formed on the fiberboard 10 and the actuating element 7 arranged on the impact plate 5.3, so that the actuating element 7 and each guide element 6 act on the optical waveguide 3 simultaneously at several points. The actuating element 7 acts on the optical waveguide 3 from the side facing away from the impact plate 5.3. The two guide elements 6 closest to either side of the actuating element 7 are arranged such that they act on the optical waveguide 3 from the side facing the impact plate 5.3, while the two outermost guide elements 6, which are furthest away from the actuating element 7, act on the optical waveguide 3 from the side facing away from the impact plate 5.3.

[0063] The actuating element 7 can be moved from a rest position to an active position by the linear movement of the push plate 5.3, whereby the actuating element 7 in its active position and the guide elements 6 interact in such a way that the optical waveguide 3 is deformed and thus attenuation of the signals in the optical waveguide 3 is caused.

[0064] The optical fiber 3 is guided into and out of the housing 4 through the connection opening 4.2. The signal attenuation is evaluated outside the measuring transmitter 1 according to the invention, preferably via a coupling of a fiber monitoring system to the optical fiber 3 via the optical cable termination device of the optical fiber cable system in the network operator's station.

[0065] Fig. Figure 5 shows a cross-section through the sensor 1 in the plane B:B of the Fig. 2. In addition to the Fig. The details described in section 4 show that the guide elements 6 are arranged symmetrically relative to the actuating element 7.

[0066] Each possible circuit arrangement of several sensor 1s is described in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shown schematically.

[0067] This shows Fig. 6 an arrangement of several measuring transmitters 1 at different measuring points along an overhead line (level measurement principle), wherein each measuring transmitter is coupled to a fiber loop of another optical waveguide.

[0068] Fig. Figure 7, however, shows an arrangement of several measuring transmitters 1 at different measuring points along an overhead line, with all measuring transmitters being coupled with fiber loops of the same optical waveguide.

[0069] In the design according to Fig. 6. Several optical fibers of an overhead ground wire (OPGW) 11 are connected to a sensor each. The sensors 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 are arranged at different measuring points, preferably located on each of the overhead line masts 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4. For this purpose, two optical fibers are coupled together at each measuring point to form a fiber loop 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, which is guided through a sensor 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and locally deformed therein.

[0070] At a first overhead line mast 12.1, a first sensor 1.1 is connected to a first optical fiber 3.1. At a second overhead line mast 12.2, a second sensor 1.2 is connected to a second optical fiber 3.2. At a third overhead line mast 12.3, a third sensor 1.3 is connected to a third optical fiber 3.3. At a fourth overhead line mast 12.4, a fourth sensor 1.4 is connected to a fourth optical fiber 3.4. Further sensors can be connected to additional optical fibers.

[0071] The periodic attenuation changes in the respective optical fibers 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 generated by the measuring sensors 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 are recorded and evaluated by means of an optical level measurement system (consisting of an optical transmitter and receiver). For this purpose, a fiber monitoring system is coupled to the respective optical fiber 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 via the optical cable termination (OCT) of the fiber optic cable system in a network operator's station, for example, a substation or switchgear.

[0072] Both when coupling the measuring sensors with different optical fibers ( Fig. 6) as well as when all sensors are coupled to the same optical fiber ( Fig. 7) In the illustrated embodiments, the temperature is simultaneously measured along the OPGW 11 using Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). The temperature measurement is performed on one or more additional optical fibers 3.

[0073] With a length resolution in the submeter range, DTS measurement enables a detailed representation of the temperature distribution along the transmission line. This allows individual sections of the line to be clearly delineated and evaluated. To determine the temperature relevant for weather-dependent overhead line operation, segments of the line are analyzed. These can be individual tension bays, guy wire sections, joint lengths between fiber optic splices, or even the entire length between the portals.

[0074] In the design according to Fig. 7. Several measuring transmitters 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 are arranged along a single optical fiber 3, preferably at the installation points of the overhead line masts 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4. The evaluation of the generated signal attenuations takes place in a first station 13.1 (substation or switching station of the network operator), whereby the transit time difference of the evaluated signals is used for the resolution of the wind speeds v. i The time-of-flight difference of the evaluated signals is preferably recorded using an OTDR-based monitoring system.

[0075] Details on the evaluation of the generated signal attenuation are in Fig. Figure 8 is shown. This shows a schematic sketch to illustrate the evaluation principle of several measuring sensors 1 that are connected to the same optical fiber.

[0076] A first measuring transmitter 1.1 is connected to the optical fiber 3 via a passive optical splitter 15 at a first measuring point i1 and a second measuring transmitter 1.2 is connected to the optical fiber 3 at a second measuring point i2.

[0077] An optical signal is emitted from the transmitter of an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) into an optical fiber 3. At a first measuring point i1, the signal is guided via a passive optical splitter 15 to a first sensor 1.1. The signal passes through the first sensor 1.1, is attenuated accordingly, and reflected by a broadband reflector 14, whereupon it is received by the OTDR receiver as the signal from the first measuring point i1. At a second measuring point i2, the signal is guided via a passive optical splitter 15 to a second sensor 1.2. The signal passes through the second sensor 1.2, is also attenuated accordingly, and reflected by a broadband reflector 14, whereupon it is received by the OTDR receiver as the signal from the second measuring point i2. The wind speeds v are determined by measuring the time difference of the evaluated signals. iresolved according to the individual measurement points i. Based on the determined wind speeds v i The operational condition of the overhead line is then assessed.

[0078] Fig. Figure 9 shows a possible arrangement of a measuring transmitter 1 according to the invention on an overhead line mast 12. The measuring transmitter 1 according to the invention is preferably installed on the corner post of the overhead line mast 12 on a boom. This reduces the influences of the mast structure due to air turbulence or wind shadowing. It is advantageously provided that the installation takes place at the level of the lower main conductor. Reference symbol list 1 sensor 1.1 First sensor 1.2 1.3 second sensor third sensor 1.4 fourth sensor 2 Rotor 3 optical fibers 3.1 First optical fiber 3.2 Second optical fiber 3.3 Third optical fiber 3.4 fourth optical fiber 4 cases a. Lid b. Connection opening c. O-ring 5 coupling link eccentric 5.1 5.2 Planetary gears 5.3 Impact plate 6 guide elements 7 Actuating element 8 pinion shaft 9 sprockets 10 fiberboard 11 Earth cable aerial cables 12 overhead line masts 12.1 first overhead line pylon 12.2 second overhead line mast 12.3 third overhead line mast 12.4 fourth overhead line pylon 13.1 First station of the network operator 13.2 second station of the network operator 14 Broadband reflector 15 passive optical splitters v i Wind speed ω i Angular velocity of the rotational motion f iDeformation frequency of the deformation of an optical waveguide i n Measuring point i1 first measuring point i2 second measuring point

Claims

Overhead line monitoring method in which the operating state of an overhead line is characterized metrologically in order to maintain the operating state of the overhead line within a predefinable permissible range depending on weather influences by regulating energy feed-in to the overhead line and simultaneously to maximize the energy utilization of the overhead line within the permissible range of the operating state, comprising the steps: • Generation of evaluable measured variables as a function of wind speeds via a plurality n of measuring points i=1...n along an overhead line, in particular at the locations of overhead line pylons, wherein: o Wind energy at a measuring point i is converted into a rotary motion of a rotor (2) of a sensor (1), wherein an angular velocity ω of the rotary motion is proportional to the wind speed; o the rotary motion is converted into a periodic,local deformation of at least one optical waveguide (3) running parallel to the overhead line at measuring point i is implemented, wherein a deformation frequency fider is proportional to the angular velocity ωid of the rotational movement, • Calculation of the wind speeds via the n measuring points by evaluating periodic changes in signal attenuation in the optical waveguide (3) caused by the deformation using proportionality factors between the wind speeds vi and the angular velocities ωiso as well as between the angular velocities ωi and the deformation frequencies fi, • Evaluation of the operating state of the overhead line based on the wind speeds vi., Overhead line monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein a periodic local deformation of one and the same optical waveguide (3) is carried out at at least two different measuring points i. Overhead line monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the resolution of the wind speeds after the individual measuring points i is based on the transit time difference of the evaluated signals. Overhead line monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein at a first measuring point i1 the deformation of a first optical waveguide (3.1) is carried out and at a second measuring point i2 the deformation of a second optical waveguide (3.2) is carried out. Overhead line monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a speed reduction takes place when converting the rotational movement into a periodic, local deformation of the optical waveguide (3). Overhead line monitoring method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the periodic change in signal attenuation in the optical waveguide (3) is detected by means of an optical level measurement system. Measuring transmitter (1) for generating an evaluable measured quantity as a function of a wind speed, comprising a rotor (2) rotatably mounted in or on a housing (4) which can be set into a rotational movement by the action of wind energy, a fiber guide for an optical waveguide (3) arranged in or on the housing (4) and a coupling element (5) which is designed to convert a rotational movement of the rotor (2) into a periodic, local deformation of an optical waveguide (3) running through the fiber guide, wherein a speed reduction takes place during the conversion of the rotational movement into the periodic, local deformation of the optical waveguide (3). Measuring transmitter (1) according to claim 7, wherein the rotor (2) is designed as a half-shell anemometer. Measuring transducer (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the coupling element (5) is connected to the fiber guide in which an optical waveguide (3) is guided through the housing (4) and comprises the two guide elements (6) and an actuating element (7), wherein the guide elements (6) are arranged on a first side and the actuating element (7) is arranged on a second side of the optical waveguide (3) opposite the first side, and wherein the actuating element (7) is movable back and forth between a rest position and an active position and in the active position the actuating element (7) and the guide elements (6) interact to deform the optical waveguide (3). Measuring transmitter (1) according to claim 9, wherein the guide elements (6) are arranged symmetrically relative to the actuating element (7). Sensor (1) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the coupling element (5) has an eccentric (5.1) which is configured to convert the rotary motion of the rotor (2) into a linear motion of the actuating element (7). Measuring transmitter (1) according to claim 11, wherein the eccentric (5.1) acts as an actuating element. Measuring sensor (1) according to one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the coupling element (5) has a planetary gear (5.2) for speed reduction.

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