Integrated sensing and communication mode switch
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-10
AI Technical Summary
Current Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems lack a mechanism to dynamically switch between monostatic and bistatic modes during sensing, leading to reduced sensing accuracy and coverage in scenarios with changing sensing needs, such as mobile sensing environments.
A mechanism is proposed to determine the sensing working mode and corresponding measurement configuration, enabling dynamic switching between monostatic and bistatic modes based on echo signal quality evaluations, using a sensing function entity that manages sensing operations and coordinates resource allocation.
This solution enhances sensing performance in complex and dynamic scenarios by ensuring that the optimal sensing mode is used, maintaining accurate tracking of mobile objects and improving overall sensing reliability and adaptability.
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Figure CN2023109794_06022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INTEGRATED SENSING AND COMMUNICATION MODE SWITCHTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments described herein generally relate to communication technologies, and more particularly, to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable media for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) mode switch.BACKGROUND
[0002] Certain abbreviations that may be found in the description and / or in the figures are herewith defined as follows: CPE Customer Premise Equipment CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal DMRS Data Demodulation Reference Signal ERP Effective Radiated Power ISAC Integrated Sensing And Communication KPI Key Performance Indicator LMF Location Management Function PRS Positioning Reference Signal PSS Primary Synchronization Signal PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal RRC Radio Resource Control RS Reference Signal RSSI Reference Signal Strength Indication RSRP Reference Signal Received Power SF Sensing Function SINR Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal TRS Tracking Reference Signal UE User Equipment
[0003] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is emerging as a key feature of 5G-Advanced (5G-A) and 6G Radio Access Network (RAN) . It involves the integration of communication and sensing functions in a single system to enable efficient sharing of resources such as frequency bands and hardware, allowing for exploitation of dense cell infrastructures to construct a perceptive network. ISAC is expected to be used in a wide range of applications including for example intelligent transportation, autonomous / assisted driving, drone supervision, Vehicle to Everything (V2X) , 3D map reconstruction, smart city, smart home, factories, public safety, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and other fields.SUMMARY
[0004] A brief summary of exemplary embodiments is provided below to provide basic understanding of some aspects of various embodiments. It should be noted that this summary is not intended to identify key features of essential elements or define scopes of the embodiments, and its sole purpose is to introduce some concepts in a simplified form as a preamble for a more detailed description provided below.
[0005] In a first aspect, an example embodiment of a sensing function entity is provided. The sensing function entity may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing function entity at least to receive from a first device a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of an echo signal received at the first device, the first device being configured to transmit a sensing signal of which at least a portion is reflected by an object to generate the echo signal, to receive from a second device a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device, and to compare the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object.
[0006] In a second aspect, an example embodiment of a sensing function entity is provided. The sensing function entity may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing function entity at least to receive a sensing measurement report from a first device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit a sensing signal and receive an echo signal to sense an object in a monostatic mode or from a second device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit the sensing signal while the second device is configured to receive the echo signal to sense the object in a bistatic mode, to estimate position of the object based on the received sensing measurement report, to calculate a first distance between the first device and the object and a second distance between the object and the second device based on the estimated position of the object, and to determine whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object based on at least one of the following: comparison between the first distance and the second distance, and environment information relating to the object.
[0007] In a third aspect, an example embodiment of a first device is provided. The first device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to transmit a sensing signal for sensing an object, to receive an echo signal reflected by the object, and to report quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, an example embodiment of a second device is provided. The second device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to receive an echo signal generated from an object reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from a first device, and to report quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.
[0009] Example embodiments of methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums are also provided. Such example embodiments generally correspond to the above example embodiments, and a repetitive description thereof is omitted here for convenience.
[0010] Other features and advantages of the example embodiments of the present disclosure will also be apparent from the following description of specific embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of example embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Some example embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0012] Figs. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating typical working modes for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) .
[0013] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example application scenario for ISAC where example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0014] Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating simulation results of Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of a communication / sensing signal as a function of distance between a base station and a user equipment (UE) / sensing object.
[0015] Fig. 4 is a message flow chart illustrating a process in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0016] Fig. 5 is a message flow chart illustrating a process in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented at a sensing function in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented at a sensing function in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented at a first device in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented at a second device in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 14 is a block diagram illustrating devices in a communication system in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] Throughout the drawings, same or similar reference numbers indicate same or similar elements. A repetitive description on the same elements would be omitted.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Herein below, some example embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known circuits, techniques and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the described concepts and features.
[0028] With the widely deployed communication infrastructure such as 5G base stations, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has become a hot topic in recent years because wireless communication networks have natural wireless sensing capabilities. Base stations and terminals can emit wireless signals towards a target area or object and analyze echo signals reflected from the object to obtain sensing measurement information. The integration of communication and sensing functions in a single system offers several benefits, including increased spectrum efficiency, reduced costs, and improved performance.
[0029] Currently, communication and sensing fusion is still in its early stages of development, with a focus on exploring the integration of communication and sensing functions based on the 5G network architecture and air interface enhancement design. It involves utilizing the wireless channel characteristics to obtain ample environment information and enable basic sensing applications. There are two typical ISAC working modes available for different applications and scenarios, i.e. monostatic mode and bistatic mode. The monostatic mode refers to a system where a transmitter and a receiver are located at the same location or a very close proximity compared to the sensing object. The transmitter transmits a sensing signal, which is then reflected by a sensing object and received by the receiver. This is a commonly used sensing principle in radar systems. Fig. 1A presents the monostatic mode where a first device 110 transmits the sensing signal and receives the echo signal reflected from a sensing object 10. Although not shown in Fig. 1A, the first device 110 includes a transmitter module to transmit the sensing signal and a receiver module to receive the echo signal. The transmitter module and the receiver module may reuse the same antenna or antenna array. On the other hand, the bistatic mode refers to a system where the transmitter and the receiver are located at different locations. Fig. 1B presents the bistatic mode where the first device 110 transmits the sensing signal, which is then reflected by the sensing object 10 and received at a second device 120. The bistatic mode is commonly used in remote sensing applications.
[0030] It would be appreciated that each of the first device 110 and the second device 120 shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B may be implemented as a radio access network device such as a base station, or a terminal device that is also known as user equipment (UE) . The base station may include an evolved node B (eNB) , a next generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a next generation node B (gNB) , or a beyond 5G base station. The base station may be embodied as a macro base station, a relay node, or a low power node such as a pico base station or a femto base station. The terminal device or UE may include a customer premise equipment (CPE) , a mobile phone, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a portable subscriber station, an access terminal, a computer, a wearable device, an on-vehicle communication device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, a device-to-device (D2D) communication device, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication device, a sensor and the like.
[0031] At present, there are only fixed working modes (i.e. monostatic and bistatic modes) for different scenarios, which are limited in ability to adapt to changing sensing needs during the sensing process. There is currently no mechanism in place to switch between the monostatic mode and the bistatic mode during one sensing service. This limitation can lead to reduced sensing accuracy and coverage in scenarios where the sensing requirements change over time, such as in mobile sensing environments. Fig. 2 shows an example mobile sensing scenario in smart factories where automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are utilized for a variety of tasks such as heavy or hazardous materials transportation and distribution. It is crucial to accurately and constantly sense position of the AGVs to prevent collision between the AGVs and static and dynamic obstacles. As shown in Fig. 2, a first device 110 which is implemented as a base station with both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) capabilities is deployed in the factory, and a second device 120 which is implemented as a customer premise equipment (CPE) with at least receive (Rx) capability is deployed at a certain distance from the first device 110, usually hanging at a certain height.
[0032] When the AGV 10 is at a position A near the first device 110, the first device 110 may work in the monostatic mode to transmit the sensing signal and receive the echo signal reflected from the AGV 10, thereby estimating position of the AGV 10.The estimated position of the AGV 10 may be position coordinates or an area. The first device 110 is required to track the position or area that moves based on the mobility of the AGV 10. When the AGV 10 moves from the position A to a position B far away from the first device 110 but close to the second device 120, the echo signal received at the first device 110 becomes weak due to the increased distance as well as various environmental variables such as obstacles between the AGV 10 and the first device 110, leading to deteriorated sensing accuracy. On the other hand, the second device 120 is now in a better place to receive the echo signal because it is close to the AGV 10 at the position B. Switching from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode is needed in order to maintain good sensing performance under the changing conditions.
[0033] Several sensing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been proposed to evaluate sensing performance relating to accuracy, resolution, missed detection etc. Ensuring the sensing performance to meet the KPIs is a significant challenge, involving maintaining the quality of the echo signal in both monostatic and bistatic modes. Fig. 3 presents simulation results of Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of a communication / sensing signal as a function of distance between the base station and UE / sensing object. According to the Friis propagation equation, the echo signal experiences fading from R2 for one-way communication to R4 for round-trip sensing, where R is the distance from the base station to the UE or to the sensing object. The simulation environment is set with a bandwidth of 10 MHz at 3.5 GHz. As shown in Fig. 3, the coverage range for one cell is reduced from 342m for communication to 49m for sensing when the SINR threshold is set to -5dB, or from 607m for communication to 66m for sensing when the SINR threshold is set to -10dB.
[0034] As seen from the simulation results, a single base station operating in the monostatic sensing mode may not be suitable for meeting coverage requirements in ISAC systems due to differences in received signal power and coverage characteristics between communication and sensing users. When the sensing echo signal is weak, it implies that the receivers may not be within the sensing range. On the other hand, using the bistatic mode cannot solve the problem, particularly when the sensing object is mobile. As shown in Fig. 2, the bistatic mode may have better performance when the AGV 10 is at the position B close to the second device 120, while the monostatic mode may be more effective when the AGV 10 is at the position A close to the first device 110. Realistically, it is not practical to change the location of the first device 110 and / or the second device 120 to track the object’s movement and ensure optimal sensing KPIs.
[0035] A challenge lies in optimizing the sensing performance while utilizing a limited number of equipped devices. Deploying a high density of monostatic devices such as base stations can provide excellent coverage, but it can be costly and impractical. A more feasible solution is to utilize user devices such as CPEs for sensing purpose. Since positions of the base station and the CPEs are fixed while the sensing object is mobile, seamless switching between the monostatic mode and bistatic mode is needed to maintain good sensing performance and ensure continuity of the sensing process. The lack of switching mechanism and implementation poses a significant hurdle in achieving optimal sensing performance with the available resources.
[0036] Example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a mechanism to determine the sensing working mode and corresponding sensing measurement configuration, which can support dynamic switching between monostatic and bistatic modes during the sensing process, offering greater reliability, flexibility and adaptability. The mechanism enables switching to the mode that delivers better performance by evaluating echo signal quality under the two modes. It significantly ensures sensing performance in complex and dynamic scenarios where the sensing object is mobile and needs to be tracked.
[0037] In an example embodiment, a sensing function (SF) , also referred to as sensing management function (SeMF) , is introduced as a new network function to manage sensing operations. The proposed sensing function is expected to possess knowledge of sensing requirements and be capable of managing overall co-ordination and scheduling resources necessary for the sensing operations. It can be responsible for at least one of the following: sensing service authorization involved in UE, area, environment privacy checks; sensing method selection and configuration of sensing nodes (e.g., sensing transmitter, sensing receiver) ; measurement data collection, processing and sending sensing result / output.
[0038] In an example embodiment, the sensing function may serve as a function entity of the core network for sensing management. For instance, it may interact with Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) to coordinate the sensing functionalities. In other example embodiments, the sensing function may serve as a sensing management component at the network edge, a function entity of a radio access network device such as a base station, a function entity of a location management function (LMF) , a function entity of the AMF, or a function entity of a Session Management Function (SMF) . In example embodiments, the sensing function may be located at a network node (e.g., the base station, the LMF, the AMF or the SMF) or a terminal device.
[0039] Fig. 4 is a message flow chart illustrating a process in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The process may be performed at the first device 110, the second device 120 and a sensing function (SF) 130. In an example embodiment, the first device 110, the second device 120 and the sensing function 130 each may include a plurality of means, modules or elements for performing operations in the process. The means, modules and elements may be implemented in various manners including but not limited to for example software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
[0040] At the beginning of the process, the sensing function 130 may configure at 210 the first device 110 and the second device 120 to sense an object 10 in a sensing interesting area, e.g. a factory area, an industrial zone, a parking place etc. The sensing function 130 may configure the first device 110 to perform sensing operations in the monostatic mode, or configure the first device 110 and the second device 120 to perform sensing operations in the bistatic mode. For the convenience of description, it is assumed that the first device 110 operates to emit sensing signals towards the sensing area, the first device 110 (in the monostatic mode) or the second device 120 (in the bistatic mode) operate to receive the echo signal reflected by the sensing object 10.
[0041] The sensing function 130 may trigger the mode switch mechanism by requesting the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report echo signal quality periodically. For instance, the sensing function 130 may request at 212a the first device 110 to report the echo signal quality at a predetermined or designated frequency τ1 and request at 212b the second device 120 to report the echo signal quality at the frequency τ1, regardless whether the first device 110 and the second device 120 is configured to receive the echo signal for sensing purpose at 210. The frequency τ1 may be determined taking into consideration of the sensing requirements, power consumption, object moving speed, and environmental variables. In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may request the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report echo signal quality during the step 210 of the sensing function 130 configuring the first device 110 and the second device 120 for sensing operations.
[0042] In an example embodiment, the first device 110 may report reference signal (RS) configuration for the sensing signal to the sensing function 130 at 214. The sensing RS may be selected from for example Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , Data Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) , Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) , Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) , Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) , Tracking Reference Signal (TRS) , Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS) , or Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) with dedicated or specific configuration, or it can be the communication data. The RS configuration may indicate time / frequency resources for transmitting the sensing RS. The sensing function 130 may receive the sensing RS configuration from more than one first device 110.
[0043] At 216, the sensing function 130 may share the sensing RS configuration with the second device 120 to ensure that the second device 120 can receive the echo signal for the mode switch mechanism and for the sensing purpose if the second device 120 is configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode.
[0044] If the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, the sensing function 130 may transmit sensing assistance information to the first device 110 at 218. The sensing assistance information may indicate a sensing interesting area to ensure that the first device 110 has prior knowledge of the sensing object location. The sensing function 130 may obtain / update the sensing interesting area information from the last sensing cycle (i.e. Step 226 / 240, discussed below) . Since the sensing function 130 receives the real-time position information of the sensing object 10, it can help the first device 110 allocate a beam at the direction of the sensing object 10, improving the sensing quality and accuracy of the system.
[0045] At 220, the first device 110 may emit sensing signals towards the sensing object 10. In an example embodiment, the first device 110 may have the prior knowledge of the sensing object position received at 218, and it is able to transmit the sensing signals towards the prior sensing object position. In another example embodiment, the first device 110 may perform an omnidirectional beam sweeping procedure to allocate an appropriate beam for the sensing object 10.
[0046] The first device 110 may receive an echo signal reflected by the sensing object 10 at 222, and the second device 120 may receive the echo signal at 224. The first device 110 may process the echo signal to obtain sensing measurement information for position estimation of the object 10. The sensing measurement information may include frequency / time domain channel state information of the received echo signal, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. In an example embodiment, the first device 110 may further run an ISAC algorithm on the sensing measurement information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. The first device 110 may also measure the echo signal quality by analyzing the pertinent information associated with the echo signal. The information may encompass parameters that provide insights into the signal’s strength, clarity, and reliability. In an example embodiment, the echo signal quality may be measured as signal strength level, effective radiated power (ERP) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , or received signal strength indicator (RSSI) . Since the second device 120 is not configured to sense the object in the monostatic mode, it does not need to process the received echo signal for position estimation of the object 10. The second device 120 may measure the quality of the received echo signal at 224.
[0047] At 226, the first device 110 may report the sensing measurement of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130. As mentioned above, the sensing measurement report may include the frequency / time domain channel state information of the echo signal received at the first device 110, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. The sensing function 130 may run an ISAC algorithm on the channel state information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. As discussed above, the sensing function 130 may obtain the position information of the sensing object 10 at 226 and indicate the position information to the first device 110 at 218 in the next sensing cycle to ensure the tracking of the sensing object 10 on move. In another example embodiment, as discussed above, the first device 110 may determine the object’s relevant information by processing the echo signal and send the object’s relevant information to the sensing function 130 in the sensing measurement report. Since the first device 110 is already aware of the position of the sensing object 10, the step 218 may be omitted. In an example embodiment, the sensing measurement report may further include echo signal quality information such as signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI measured at the first device 110.
[0048] The first device 110 and the second device 120 may transmit an echo signal quality report to the sensing function 130 at 228, 230, respectively. As mentioned above, the echo signal quality reports may include for example signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI of the echo signal received at the first device 110 and the second device 120. The echo signal quality report may be transmitted at the first frequency τ1 predetermined or designated in the echo signal quality report request received at 212a, 212b. In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may dynamically adjust the first frequency τ1 of the echo signal quality report for resource saving. For instance, if one echo signal quality is much better than the other for a predetermined time period, the sensing function 130 may decrease the first frequency τ1 because it is not likely to trigger the mode switch.
[0049] As discussed above, the sensing measurement report transmitted at 226 may include the channel state information and quality information of the echo signal, while the echo signal quality report transmitted at 228, 230 may merely include the quality information of the echo signal. In an example embodiment, the step 228 and the step 212a may be omitted because the first device 110 also sends the echo signal quality information in the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130 at 226. The sensing measurement report may be transmitted at a second frequency τ2, which may be higher than the first frequency τ1 of the echo signal quality report because the mode switch does not occur as frequently as the sensing operation does. The higher second frequency τ2 also helps keep the sensing function 130 updated of the latest position of the sensing object 10, thereby improving the sensing accuracy.
[0050] On the other hand, if the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured at 210 to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, the sensing function 130 may transmit the sensing assistance information to the first device 110 and the second device 120 at 232a, 232b, respectively. With the sensing assistance information, as discussed above, the first device 110 can allocate an appropriate beam at the direction of the sensing object 10, and also the second device 120 can receive the echo signal coming from the direction of the sensing object 10, improving the sensing quality and accuracy of the system.
[0051] The first device 110 may emit sensing signals towards the sensing object 10 at 234, and the first device 110 and the second device 120 may receive the echo signals reflected from the sensing object 10 at 236, 238, respectively. In the bistatic mode, the second device 120 may process the received echo signal to obtain sensing measurement information for position estimation of the object 10. The sensing measurement information may include frequency / time domain channel state information of the echo signal, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. In an example embodiment, the second device 120 may further run an ISAC algorithm on the sensing measurement information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. The second device 120 may also measure the echo signal quality, such as signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI. Since the first device 110 is not configured to sense the object in the bistatic mode, it does not need to process the received echo signal for position estimation of the object 10. The first device 110 may measure the quality of the echo signal at 236.
[0052] At 240, the second device 120 may report the sensing measurement of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130. As mentioned above, the sensing measurement report may include the frequency / time domain channel state information of the echo signal, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. The sensing function 130 may run an ISAC algorithm on the channel state information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. As discussed above, the sensing function 130 may obtain the position information of the sensing object 10 at 240 and indicate the position information to the first device 110 and the second device 120 at 232a, 232b in the next sensing cycle to ensure the tracking of the sensing object 10 on move. In another example embodiment, as discussed above, the second device 120 may determine the object’s relevant information by processing the echo signal and send the object’s relevant information to the sensing function 130 in the sensing measurement report. Since the second device 120 is already aware of the position of the sensing object 10, the step 232b may be omitted. In an example embodiment, the sensing measurement report may further include echo signal quality information such as signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI measured at the second device 120.
[0053] The first device 110 and the second device 120 may transmit an echo signal quality report to the sensing function 130 at 242, 244, respectively. As mentioned above, the echo signal quality reports may include for example signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI of the echo signal received at the first device 110 and the second device 120. The echo signal quality report may be transmitted at the first frequency τ1 predetermined or designated in the echo signal quality report request received at 212a, 212b. In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may dynamically adjust the first frequency τ1 of the echo signal quality report for resource saving. For instance, if one echo signal quality is much better than the other for a predetermined time period, the sensing function 130 may decrease the first frequency τ1 because it is not likely to trigger the mode switch.
[0054] As discussed above, the sensing measurement report transmitted at 240 may include the channel state information and quality information of the echo signal, while the echo signal quality report transmitted at 242, 244 may merely include the quality information of the echo signal. In an example embodiment, the step 244 and the step 212b may be omitted because the second device 120 also sends the echo signal quality information in the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130 at 240. The sensing measurement report may be transmitted at a second frequency τ2, which may be higher than the first frequency τ1 of the echo signal quality report because the mode switch does not occur as frequently as the sensing operation does. The higher second frequency τ2 also helps keep the sensing function 130 updated of the latest position of the sensing object 10, thereby improving the sensing accuracy.
[0055] At 246, the sensing function 130 may compare the echo signal quality received from the first device 110 with the echo signal quality received from the second device 120 to determine whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object 10. For instance, in case the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode at 210, if the echo signal quality received from the second device 120 becomes better than the echo signal quality received from the first device 110, the sensing function 130 may determine that the bistatic mode would have better performance than the current monostatic mode and decide to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode so that the second device 120 would take over the responsibility of measuring the echo signal and sending the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. If the echo signal quality received from the first device 110 is better than the echo signal quality received from the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine that the current monostatic mode has better performance than the bistatic mode and decide to stay in the monostatic mode. On the other hand, in case the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode at 210, if the echo signal quality received from the first device 110 becomes better than the echo signal quality received from the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine that the monostatic mode would have better performance than the current bistatic mode and decide to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode so that the first device 110 would take over the responsibility of measuring the echo signal and sending the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. If the echo signal quality received from the second device 120 is better than the echo signal quality received from the first device 110, the sensing function 130 may determine that the current bistatic mode has better performance than the monostatic mode and determine to stay in the bistatic mode.
[0056] In an example embodiment, in order to reduce or avoid frequent switching between the monostatic mode and the bistatic mode, the sensing function 130 may decide not to switch the sensing mode until the echo signal quality of the standby receiver (i.e. the second device 120 in the monostatic mode or the first device 110 in the bistatic mode) is better than the echo signal quality of the serving receiver (i.e. the first device 110 in the monostatic mode or the second device 120 in the bistatic mode) for a predetermined time period or the difference between the two echo signal qualities reaches a predetermined threshold.
[0057] If the sensing function 130 decides not to switch the ISAC working mode at 246, the process may proceed with the current monostatic or bistatic mode. If the sensing function 130 decides to switch the ISAC working mode at 246, the sensing function 130 may update the first device 110 and the second device 120 with a new sensing configuration for the switched mode at 248a, 248b, respectively. The sensing configuration update may indicate measurement content and periodicity. For example, if the working mode is switched to the bistatic mode, the first device 110 reports the echo signal quality e.g. RSRP at the first frequency τ1, while the second device 120 reports the echo signal quality e.g. RSRP at the first frequency τ1 and the channel state information e.g. CIR at the second frequency τ2. The sensing configuration update may be preconfigured for the monostatic to bistatic mode switch (e.g., with an index 0) and the bistatic to monostatic mode switch (e.g., with an index 1) , or it may be a one-time configuration for update to monostatic or bistatic configuration parameters. When the first device 110 and the second device 120 are updated with the new sensing configuration, they can proceed with the sensing operations according to the new sensing configuration.
[0058] In the process of Fig. 4, since the first device 110 and the second device 120 periodically monitor the echo signal quality and report the same to the sensing function 130, the sensing function 130 can constantly evaluate performance of the monostatic and bistatic modes and choose the better mode for better sensing / localization performance. It allows for dynamic switching between the monostatic mode and the bistatic mode, and the ISAC system can always work in the better mode to ensure good sensing accuracy.
[0059] Fig. 5 is a message flow chart illustrating another process in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The process may also be performed at the first device 110, the second device 120 and the sensing function (SF) 130. Compared to the process shown in Fig. 4, the process of Fig. 5 can achieve dynamic mode switching without the echo signal quality request and report messages, thereby reducing signaling overhead of the ISAC system. In the process of Fig. 5, same or similar steps are denoted with same or similar reference numerals and a repetitive description thereof would be omitted.
[0060] Referring to Fig. 5, the sensing function 130 may configure at 210 the first device 110 and the second device 120 to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode or in the bistatic mode. In the monostatic mode, the first device 110 is configured to emit the sensing signal and measure the echo signal reflected from the object 10. In the bistatic mode, the first device 110 is configured to emit the sensing signal, while the second device 120 is configured to measure the echo signal.
[0061] The first device 110 may report reference signal (RS) configuration for the sensing signal to the sensing function 130 at 214, and the sensing function 130 may share the sensing RS configuration with the second device 120 at 216 to ensure that the second device 120 can receive the echo signal if the second device 120 is configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode. If the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, the steps 214, 216 may be omitted.
[0062] In case the monostatic mode is configured at 210, the sensing function 130 may transmit sensing assistance information to the first device 110 at 218. The sensing assistance information may indicate a sensing interesting area to ensure that the first device 110 has prior knowledge of the sensing object location. The sensing function 130 may obtain the sensing interesting area information from the last sensing cycle (i.e. Step 226 / 240, discussed below) . Since the sensing function 130 receives the real-time position information of the sensing object 10, it can help the first device 110 allocate a better beam at the direction of the sensing object 10, improving the sensing quality and accuracy of the system.
[0063] At 220, the first device 110 may emit sensing signals towards the sensing object 10. In an example embodiment, the first device 110 may have the prior knowledge of the sensing object position received at 218, and it is able to transmit the sensing signals towards the prior sensing object position. In another example embodiment, the first device 110 may perform an omnidirectional beam sweeping procedure to allocate an appropriate beam for the sensing object 10.
[0064] The first device 110 may receive the echo signal reflected from the sensing object 10 at 222. The first device 110 may process the echo signal to obtain sensing measurement information for position estimation of the object 10. The sensing measurement information may include frequency / time domain channel state information of the received echo signal, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. In an example embodiment, the first device 110 may further run an ISAC algorithm on the sensing measurement information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. The first device 110 may also measure the echo signal quality. In an example embodiment, the echo signal quality may be measured as signal strength level, effective radiated power (ERP) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , or received signal strength indicator (RSSI) .
[0065] At 226, the first device 110 may report the sensing measurement of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130. As mentioned above, the sensing measurement report may include the frequency / time domain channel state information of the echo signal received at the first device 110, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. The sensing function 130 may run an ISAC algorithm on the channel state information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. As discussed above, the sensing function 130 may obtain the position information of the sensing object 10 at 226 and indicate the position information to the first device 110 at 218 in the next sensing cycle to ensure the tracking of the sensing object 10 on move. In another example embodiment, as discussed above, the first device 110 may determine the object’s relevant information by processing the echo signal and send the object’s relevant information to the sensing function 130 in the sensing measurement report. Since the first device 110 is already aware of the position of the sensing object 10, the step 218 may be omitted. In an example embodiment, the sensing measurement report may further include echo signal quality information such as signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI measured at the first device 110.
[0066] On the other hand, if the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured at 210 to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, the sensing function 130 may transmit the sensing assistance information to the first device 110 and the second device 120 at 232a, 232b, respectively. With the sensing assistance information, the first device 110 can allocate an appropriate beam at the direction of the sensing object 10, and also the second device 120 can receive the echo signal coming from the direction of the sensing object 10, improving the sensing quality and accuracy of the system.
[0067] The first device 110 may emit sensing signals towards the sensing object 10 at 234, and the second device 120 may receive the echo signals reflected from the sensing object 10 at 238. The second device 120 may process the received echo signal to obtain sensing measurement information for position estimation of the object 10. The sensing measurement information may include frequency / time domain channel state information of the echo signal, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. In an example embodiment, the second device 120 may further run an ISAC algorithm on the sensing measurement information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. The second device 120 may also measure the echo signal quality, such as signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI.
[0068] At 240, the second device 120 may report the sensing measurement of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130. As mentioned above, the sensing measurement report may include the frequency / time domain channel state information of the echo signal, such as amplitude, phase, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) , Doppler shift, etc. The sensing function 130 may run an ISAC algorithm on the channel state information to obtain the object’s relevant information such as position or area, velocity, posture, and moving range. As discussed above, the sensing function 130 may obtain the position information of the sensing object 10 at 240 and indicate the position information to the first device 110 and the second device 120 at 232a, 232b in the next sensing cycle to ensure the tracking of the sensing object 10 on move. In another example embodiment, as discussed above, the second device 120 may determine the object’s relevant information by processing the echo signal and send the object’s relevant information to the sensing function 130 in the sensing measurement report. Since the second device 120 is already aware of the position of the sensing object 10, the step 232b may be omitted. In an example embodiment, the sensing measurement report may further include echo signal quality information such as signal strength level, ERP, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, or RSSI measured at the second device 120.
[0069] When the sensing function 130 determines the position of the sensing object 10 at 226 or 240, it may calculate at 245 a first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10, and a second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120. If the first device 110 and the second device 120 have fixed positions, it is assumed that the sensing function 130 has knowledge of the positions of the first device 110 and the second device 120. If one or both of the first device 110 and the second device 120 are mobile UEs, the sensing function 130 may periodically receive position information of the mobile UEs from a location management function (LMF) serving the mobile UEs. Then the sensing function 130 can calculate the first distance and the second distance.
[0070] At 247, the sensing function 130 may determine whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object 10 based on at least one of the following: comparison of the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 with the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, and sensing environment information relating to the sensing object 10. For instance, in case the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode at 210, if the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120 becomes smaller than the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10, the sensing function 130 may determine that the bistatic mode would have better performance than the current monostatic mode and decide to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode. If the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120 is larger than the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10, the sensing function 130 may determine that the monostatic mode has better performance than the bistatic mode and decide to stay in the monostatic mode. On the other hand, in case the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode at 210, if the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 becomes smaller than the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine that the monostatic mode would have better performance than the current bistatic mode and decide to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode. If the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 is larger than the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine that the current bistatic mode has better performance than the monostatic mode and decide to stay in the bistatic mode.
[0071] The sensing function 130 may also consider the environment information to determine whether to switch the sensing mode or not. For instance, a factory environment is assumed to have a first section and a second section with a barrier or obstacle therebetween. The first device 110 is deployed in the first section, while the second device 120 is deployed in the second section. The sensing function 130 is configured to possess such environment information. At first, the sensing object 10 is within the first section, and the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode. If the sensing function 130 detects that the sensing object 10 moves from the first section into the second section, it may determine based on the environment information that, due to the barrier or obstacle between the first section and the second section, a second signal propagation path between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120 would have better performance than a first signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10. The sensing function 130 may evaluate performance of the signal propagation path based on a priori knowledge or experience gained from previous sensing services. Then the sensing function 130 may decide to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode. In another example, if the sensing object 10 is within the second section and the bistatic mode is configured for sensing the object 10, when the sensing object 10 moves from the second section into the first section, the sensing function 130 may determine that the first signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 would have better performance than the second signal propagation path between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, and decide to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.
[0072] In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may decide mode switch or not taking into account both the distance comparison and the environment information. For instance, the sensing function 130 may assign a first weight for the distance comparison result and a second weight for the environment information. The first weight may be in proportion with the difference between the first distance from the first device 110 to the object 10 and the second distance from the object 10 to the second device 120, and the second weight may be in proportion with the performance difference between the first signal propagation path from the first device 110 to the object 10 and the second signal propagation path from the object 10 to the second device 120. Then the sensing function 130 may calculate a sum of the distance comparison result and the environment factor to determine whether to switch the current sensing mode.
[0073] If the sensing function 130 decides not to switch the sensing mode at 247, the process may proceed with the current monostatic or bistatic mode. If the sensing function 130 decides to switch the sensing mode at 247, the sensing function 130 may update the first device 110 and the second device 120 with a new sensing configuration for the switched mode at 248a, 248b, respectively. The sensing configuration update may be preconfigured for the monostatic to bistatic mode switch (e.g., with an index 0) and the bistatic to monostatic mode switch (e.g., with an index 1) , or it may be a one-time configuration for update to monostatic or bistatic configuration parameters. When the first device 110 and the second device 120 receive the sensing configuration update, they can apply the update and then proceed with the sensing operations according to the updated sensing configuration.
[0074] In the process of Fig. 5 the sensing function 130 can decide whether to switch the sensing mode or not based on the sensing measurement report received from the first device 110 or the second device 120 and the environment information. The first device 110 and the second device 120 do not need to transmit separate echo signal quality reports periodically. Compared to the process of Fig. 4, the process of Fig. 5 can reduce the signaling overhead of the ISAC system. In addition, by taking into account the environment information, the process of Fig. 5 can accurately select the better sensing mode and ensure reliability of the sensing process.
[0075] Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 implemented at the sensing function 130 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Since some details of the method 300 have been described above with reference to Fig. 4, it will be described briefly here.
[0076] Referring to Fig. 6, the sensing function 130 may configure sensing operations for sensing the object 10 at 310. In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may configure the first device 110 to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, or config the first device 110 and the second device 120 to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode. It is assumed in the bistatic mode that the first device 110 is configured to emit the sensing signal, and the second device 120 is configured to receive the echo signal reflected from the sensing object 10 and transmit the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. In another example embodiment, the sensing operations for sensing the object 10 may be configured by another network entity, e.g. an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) function entity, and the step 310 may be omitted.
[0077] At 320, optionally, the sensing function 130 may request one or both of the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report echo signal quality. In a case where the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, said one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 may comprise the second device 120. In a case where the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, said one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 may comprise the first device 110.
[0078] At 330, the sensing function 130 may receive from the first device 110 a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of an echo signal received at the first device 110. The echo signal is generated by the sensing object 10 reflecting a sensing signal transmitted from the first device 110.
[0079] At 340, the sensing function 130 may receive from the second device 120 a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device 120.
[0080] In an example embodiment, if the sensing function 130 requests one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report the echo signal quality at 320, the sensing function 130 may receive the echo signal quality reported from the requested one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 at a first frequency, and receive the echo signal quality reported from the other one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 at a second frequency higher than the first frequency. If the sensing function 130 requests both of the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report the echo signal quality, the sensing function 130 may receive the echo signal quality reported from the first device 110 and the second device 120 at the first frequency, and it may further receive the echo signal quality reported from the first device 110 configured in the monostatic mode or the second device 120 configured in the bistatic mode at the second frequency.
[0081] Then the sensing function 130 may compare at 350 the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object 10. If the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, when the comparison shows that the second quality becomes better than the first quality, the sensing function 130 may determine to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode where the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10. If the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, when the comparison shows that the first quality becomes better than the second quality, the sensing function 130 may determine to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode where the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10.
[0082] If the sensing function 130 determines to switch the sensing mode for sensing the object 10 at 350, the sensing function 130 may update the sensing configuration for the first device 110 and the second device 120 at 360.
[0083] Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method 400 implemented at the sensing function 130 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Since some details of the method 400 have been described above with reference to Fig. 5, it will be described briefly here.
[0084] Referring to Fig. 7, the sensing function 130 may configure sensing operations for sensing the object 10 at 410. In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may configure the first device 110 to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, or config the first device 110 and the second device 120 to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode. It is assumed in the bistatic mode that the first device 110 is configured to emit the sensing signal, and the second device 120 is configured to receive the echo signal reflected from the sensing object 10 and transmit the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. In another example embodiment, the sensing operations for sensing the object 10 may be configured by another network entity, e.g. an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) function entity, and the step 310 may be omitted.
[0085] At 420, the sensing function 130 may receive a sensing measurement report from the first device 110 or from the second device 120. For instance, if the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, the sensing function 130 may receive the sensing measurement report from the first device 110. If the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, the sensing function 130 may receive the sensing measurement report from the second device 120.
[0086] At 430, the sensing function 130 may estimate position of the object 10 based on the received sensing measurement report. In an example embodiment, the sensing measurement report may include channel state information of the echo signal, and the sensing function 130 may run an ISAC algorithm on the channel state information to estimate the position of the object 10. In another example embodiment, the sensing measurement report may include position estimation of the object 10 determined at the first device 110 or the second device 120, and the sensing function 130 can determine the position estimation of the object 10 directly from the received sensing measurement report.
[0087] Based on the position estimation of the object 10, the sensing function 130 may calculate at 440 a first distance between the first device 110 and the object 10, and a second distance between the object 10 and the second device 120.
[0088] Then at 450, the sensing function 130 may determine whether to switch the sensing mode based on at least one of the following: comparison between the first distance and the second distance, and environment information relating to the object.
[0089] In an example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may determine whether to switch the sensing mode based on the distance comparison. For instance, if the sensing measurement report is received from the first device 110, i.e. currently the monostatic mode is configured, and the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 becomes larger than the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode. If the sensing measurement report is received from the second device 120, i.e. currently the bistatic mode is configured, and the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 is smaller than the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.
[0090] In another example embodiment, the sensing function 130 may determine whether to switch the sensing mode based on the environment information relating to the sensing object 10. For example, if the sensing measurement report is received from the first device, i.e. currently the monostatic mode is configured, and the environment information indicates a signal propagation path between the object 10 and the second device 120 has better performance than a signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the object 10, for example due to a barrier or obstacle in the signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the object 10, the sensing function 130 may determine to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode. If the sensing measurement report is received from the second device 120, i.e. currently the bistatic mode is configured, and the environment information indicates the signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the object 10 has better performance than the signal propagation path between the object 10 and the second device 120, the sensing function 130 may determine to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.
[0091] If the sensing function 130 determines to switch the sensing mode at 450, the sensing function 130 may update the sensing configuration of the first device 110 and the second device 120 for the switched sensing mode at 460.
[0092] Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method 500 implemented at the first device 110 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Since some details of the method 500 have been described above with reference to Figs. 4-5, it will be described briefly here.
[0093] Referring to Fig. 8, the method 500 may comprise a step 510 of transmitting a sensing signal for sensing the object 10, a step 520 of receiving an echo signal reflected by the object 10, and a step 530 of reporting quality of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130.
[0094] In an example embodiment, the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode. Specifically, the first device 110 is configured to transmit the sensing signal, and the second device 120 is configured to receive the echo signal and transmit the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. In this case, the first device 110 may report the echo signal quality at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function 130.
[0095] In another example embodiment, the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode. Specifically, the first device 110 is configured to transmit the sensing signal, receive the echo signal, and transmit the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. In this case, the first device 110 may report the echo signal quality at the first frequency in response to the echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function 130, and it may further send a sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function 130 at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
[0096] In an example embodiment, if the sensing function 130 determines to switch the sensing mode, the first device 110 may receive a sensing configuration update for the switched mode from the sensing function 130 at 540.
[0097] Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method 600 implemented at the second device 120 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Since some details of the method 600 have been described above with reference to Figs. 4-5, it will be described briefly here.
[0098] Referring to Fig. 9, the method 600 may comprise a step 610 of receiving an echo signal generated from the object 10 reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from the first device 110, and a step 620 of reporting quality of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130.
[0099] In an example embodiment, the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode. Specifically, the first device 110 is configured to transmit the sensing signal, receive the echo signal, and transmit a sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. In this case, the second device 120 may report the quality of the echo signal at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function 130.
[0100] In another example embodiment, the second device 120 is configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode. Specifically, the first device 110 is configured to transmit the sensing signal, and the second device 120 is configured to receive the echo signal and transmit the sensing measurement report to the sensing function 130. In this case, the second device 120 may report the quality of the echo signal at the first frequency in response to the echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function 130, and it may further send the sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function 130 at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
[0101] In an example embodiment, if the sensing function 130 determines to switch the sensing mode, the second device 120 may receive a sensing configuration update for the switched mode from the sensing function 130 at 630.
[0102] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 700 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 700 may be implemented to comprise or to form at least a part of the sensing function 130 discussed above to perform at least a part of operations related to the sensing function 130. Since the operations related to the sensing function 130 have been discussed above with reference to Figs. 4-7, the blocks of the apparatus 700 will be described briefly here and details thereof may refer to the above description.
[0103] As shown in Fig. 10, the apparatus 700 may optionally include a first means 710 for configuring sensing operations for sensing the object 10, and a second means 720 for requesting echo signal reports. In an example embodiment, the first means 710 may configure the first device 110 to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, or config the first device 110 and the second device 120 to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode. The second means 720 may request one or both of the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report echo signal quality. If the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, the second means 720 may request at least the second device 120 to report the echo signal quality. If the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, the second means 720 may request at least the first device 110 to report the echo signal quality.
[0104] The apparatus 700 may further include a third means 730 for receiving from the first device 110 a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of the echo signal received at the first device 110, a fourth means 740 for receiving from the second device 120 a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device 120, and a fifth means 750 for comparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object 10.
[0105] In an example embodiment, if the second means 720 requests one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report the echo signal quality, the third means 730 or the fourth means 740 may receive the echo signal quality reported from the requested one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 at a first frequency, and the fourth means 740 or the third means 730 may receive the echo signal quality reported from the other one of the first device 110 and the second device 120 at a second frequency higher than the first frequency. If the second means 720 requests both of the first device 110 and the second device 120 to report the echo signal quality, the third means 730 and the fourth means 740 may receive the echo signal quality reported from the first device 110 and the second device 120 at the first frequency, respectively. The third means 730 may further receive the echo signal quality reported from the first device 110 configured in the monostatic mode at the second frequency, or the fourth means 740 may further receive the echo signal quality reported from the second device 120 configured in the bistatic mode at the second frequency.
[0106] If the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, and the echo signal quality comparison shows that the second quality becomes better than the first quality, the fifth means 750 may determine to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode where the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10. If the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, and the echo signal quality comparison shows that the first quality becomes better than the second quality, the fifth means 750 may determine to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode where the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10.
[0107] Optionally, the apparatus 700 may further include a sixth means 760 for updating the sensing configuration of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in response to the fifth means 750 determining to switch the sensing mode.
[0108] Fig. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 800 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 800 may be implemented to comprise or to form at least a part of the sensing function 130 discussed above to perform at least a part of operations related to the sensing function 130. Since the operations related to the sensing function 130 have been discussed above with reference to Figs. 4-7, the blocks of the apparatus 800 will be described briefly here and details thereof may refer to the above description.
[0109] Referring to Fig. 11, the apparatus 800 may optionally include a first means 810 for configuring sensing operations for sensing the object 10. In an example embodiment, the first means 810 may configure the first device 110 to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, or config the first device 110 and the second device 120 to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode.
[0110] The apparatus 800 may further include a second means 820 for receiving a sensing measurement report from the first device 110 or from the second device 120. For instance, if the first device 110 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, the second means 820 may receive the sensing measurement report from the first device 110. If the first device 110 and the second device 120 are configured to sense the object 10 in the bistatic mode, the second means 820 may receive the sensing measurement report from the second device 120.
[0111] The apparatus 800 may further include a third means 830 for estimating position of the object 10 based on the received sensing measurement report, a fourth means 840 for calculating, based on the position estimation of the object 10, a first distance between the first device 110 and the object 10 and a second distance between the object 10 and the second device 120, and a fifth means 850 for determining whether to switch the sensing mode based on at least one of the following: comparison between the first distance and the second distance, and environment information relating to the object 10.
[0112] In an example embodiment, the fifth means 850 may determine whether to switch the sensing mode based on the distance comparison. For instance, if the sensing measurement report is received from the first device 110, i.e. currently the monostatic mode is configured, and the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 becomes larger than the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, the fifth means 850 may determine to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode. If the sensing measurement report is received from the second device 120, i.e. currently the bistatic mode is configured, and the first distance between the first device 110 and the sensing object 10 is smaller than the second distance between the sensing object 10 and the second device 120, the fifth means 850 may determine to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.
[0113] In another example embodiment, the fifth means 850 may determine whether to switch the sensing mode based on the environment information relating to the sensing object 10. For example, if the sensing measurement report is received from the first device 110, i.e. currently the monostatic mode is configured, and the environment information indicates a signal propagation path between the object 10 and the second device 120 has better performance than a signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the object 10, for example due to a barrier or obstacle in the signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the object 10, the fifth means 850 may determine to switch from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode. If the sensing measurement report is received from the second device 120, i.e. currently the bistatic mode is configured, and the environment information indicates the signal propagation path between the first device 110 and the object 10 has better performance than the signal propagation path between the object 10 and the second device 120, the fifth means 850 may determine to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.
[0114] In an example embodiment, the apparatus 800 may optionally include a sixth means 860 for updating the sensing configuration of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in response to the fifth means 850 determining to switch the sensing mode.
[0115] Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 900 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 900 may be implemented to comprise or to form at least a part of the first device 110 discussed above to perform at least a part of operations related to the first device 110. Since the operations related to the first device 110 have been discussed above with reference to Figs. 4-5 and 8, the blocks of the apparatus 900 will be described briefly here and details thereof may refer to the above description.
[0116] Referring to Fig. 12, the apparatus 900 may include a first means 910 for transmitting a sensing signal for sensing the object 10, a second means 920 for receiving an echo signal reflected by the object 10, and a third means 930 for reporting quality of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130.
[0117] In an example embodiment, the third means 930 may report the echo signal quality at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function 130.
[0118] In an example embodiment, if the apparatus 900 is configured to sense the object 10 in the monostatic mode, the third means 930 may further transmit a sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function 130 at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
[0119] In an example embodiment, the apparatus 900 may optionally include a fourth means 940 for receiving a sensing configuration update from the sensing function 130 in response to the sensing function 130 determining to switch the sensing mode.
[0120] Fig. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 1000 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 1000 may be implemented to comprise or to form at least a part of the second device 120 discussed above to perform at least a part of operations related to the second device 120. Since the operations related to the second device 120 have been discussed above with reference to Figs. 4-5 and 9, the blocks of the apparatus 1000 will be described briefly here and details thereof may refer to the above description.
[0121] Referring to Fig. 13, the apparatus 1000 may include a first means 1010 for receiving an echo signal generated by the object 10 reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from the first device 110, and a second means 1020 for reporting quality of the received echo signal to the sensing function 130.
[0122] In an example embodiment, the second means 1020 may report the quality of the echo signal at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function 130.
[0123] In an example embodiment, if the apparatus 1000 is configured to transmit a sensing measurement report for sensing the object 10 in the bistatic mode, the second means 1020 may further transmit the sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function 130 at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
[0124] In an example embodiment, the apparatus 1000 may optionally include a third means 1030 for receiving a sensing configuration update from the sensing function 130 in response to the sensing function 130 determining to switch the sensing mode.
[0125] Fig. 14 is a block diagram illustrating devices in a communication system 1100 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 14, the communication system 1100 may include a terminal device 1110, a radio access network (RAN) device 1120, and a core network device 1130. It would be appreciated that the communication system 1100 may include a plurality of terminal devices 1110, a plurality of RAN devices 1120, and a plurality of core network devices 1130. In an example embodiment, one of the plurality of terminal devices 1110 and the plurality of RAN devices 1120 may be implemented as the first device 110 discussed above, while another of the plurality of terminal devices 1110 and the plurality of RAN devices 1120 may be implemented as the second device 120 discussed above. In addition, one of the plurality of terminal devices 1110, the plurality of RAN devices 1120 and the plurality of core network devices 1130 may be implemented as the sensing function 130 discussed above.
[0126] Referring to Fig. 14, the terminal device 1110 may comprise one or more processors 1111, one or more memories 1112 and one or more transceivers 1113 interconnected through one or more buses 1114. The one or more buses 1114 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism such as series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber, optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. Each of the one or more transceivers 1113 may comprise a receiver and a transmitter, which are connected to one or more antennas 1116. The terminal device 1110 may wirelessly communicate with the radio access network device 1120 through the one or more antennas 1116. The one or more memories 1112 may include instructions 1115 which, when executed by the one or more processors 1111, may cause the terminal device 1110 to perform operations and procedures relating to the first device 110, the second device 120, or the sensing function 130 as described above.
[0127] The RAN device 1120 may comprise one or more processors 1121, one or more memories 1122, one or more transceivers 1123 and one or more network interfaces 1127 interconnected through one or more buses 1124. The one or more buses 1124 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber, optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. Each of the one or more transceivers 1123 may comprise a receiver and a transmitter, which are connected to one or more antennas 1126. The RAN device 1120 may operate as a base station for the terminal device 1110 and wirelessly communicate with terminal device 1110 through the one or more antennas 1126. The one or more network interfaces 1127 may provide wired or wireless communication links through which the RAN device 1120 may communicate with other network devices, entities, elements or functions. For example, the RAN device 1120 may communicate with the core network device 1130 via backhaul connections 1128. The one or more memories 1122 may include instructions 1125 which, when executed by the one or more processors 1121, may cause the RAN device 1120 to perform operations and procedures relating to the first device 110, the second device 120, or the sensing function 130 as described above.
[0128] The core network device 1130 may comprise one or more processors 1131, one or more memories 1132, and one or more network interfaces 1137 interconnected through one or more buses 1134. The one or more buses 1134 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber, optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. The core network device 1130 may operate as a core network function node and wired or wirelessly communicate with the radio access network device 1120 through one or more links. The one or more network interfaces 1137 may provide wired or wireless communication links through which the core network device 1130 may communicate with other network devices, entities, elements or functions. The one or more memories 1132 may include instructions 1135 which, when executed by the one or more processors 1131, may cause the core network device 1130 to perform operations and procedures relating to the sensing function 130 as described above.
[0129] The one or more processors 1111, 1121 and 1131 discussed above may be of any appropriate type that is suitable for the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose processors, special purpose processor, microprocessors, a digital signal processor (DSP) , one or more processors in a processor based multi-core processor architecture, as well as dedicated processors such as those developed based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) . The one or more processors 1111, 1121 and 1131 may be configured to control other elements of the terminal / RAN / core network devices and operate in cooperation with them to implement the procedures discussed above.
[0130] The one or more memories 1112, 1122 and 1132 may include at least one storage medium in various forms, such as a transitory memory and / or a non-transitory memory. The transitory memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a random access memory (RAM) or a cache. The non-transitory memory may include, but not limited to, for example, a read only memory (ROM) , a hard disk, a flash memory, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) . Further, the one or more memories 1112, 1122 and 1132 may include but not limited to an electric, a magnetic, an optical, an electromagnetic, an infrared, or a semiconductor system, apparatus, or device or any combination of the above.
[0131] It would be understood that blocks in the drawings may be implemented in various manners, including software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more blocks may be implemented using software and / or firmware, for example, machine-executable instructions stored in the storage medium. In addition to or instead of machine-executable instructions, parts or all of the blocks in the drawings may be implemented, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) , Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , Application-Specific Standard Products (ASSPs) , System-on-Chip systems (SOCs) , Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) , etc.
[0132] Some exemplary embodiments further provide program instruction or instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, may cause a device or apparatus to perform the procedures described above. The program instruction for carrying out procedures of the exemplary embodiments may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program instruction may be provided to one or more processors or controllers of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program instruction, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program instruction may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0133] Some exemplary embodiments further provide a computer program product or a computer readable medium having the program instruction or instructions stored therein. The computer readable medium may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but is not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0134] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements> ” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements> ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0135] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0136] Although the subject matter has been described in a language that is specific to structural features and / or method actions, it is to be understood the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not limited to the specific features or actions described above. On the contrary, the above-described specific features and actions are disclosed as an example of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A sensing function entity comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing function entity at least to perform:receiving, from a first device, a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of an echo signal received at the first device, the first device being configured to transmit a sensing signal of which at least a portion is reflected by an object to generate the echo signal;receiving, from a second device, a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device; andcomparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object.2.The sensing function entity of Claim 1, wherein comparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object comprises:in a case where the first device is configured to sense the object in a monostatic mode, determining to switch from the monostatic mode to a bistatic mode where the first device and the second device are configured to sense the object in response to the second quality being better than the first quality, orin a case where the first device and the second device are configured to sense the object in the bistatic mode, determining to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode where the first device is configured to sense the object in response to the first quality being better than the second quality.3.The sensing function entity of Claim 2, wherein the at least one memory further stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing function entity at least to perform:updating a sensing configuration for the first device and the second device, in response to determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object.4.The sensing function entity of Claim 1, wherein the at least one memory further stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing function entity at least to perform:configuring the first device to sense the object in a monostatic mode or the first device and the second device to sense the object in a bistatic mode; andrequesting one or both of the first device and the second device to report echo signal quality, the one of the first device and the second device comprising the second device in a case where the first device is configured to sense the object in the monostatic mode or the first device in a case where the first device and the second device are configured to sense the object in the bistatic mode.5.The sensing function entity of Claim 4, wherein in a case of requesting one of the first device and the second device to report the echo signal quality, the sensing function entity receives the echo signal quality reported from the requested one of the first device and the second device at a first frequency and the echo signal quality reported from the other one of the first device and the second device at a second frequency higher than the first frequency, orin a case of requesting both of the first device and the second device to report the echo signal quality, the sensing function entity receives the echo signal quality reported from the first device and the second device at the first frequency, and further receives the echo signal quality reported from the first device configured in the monostatic mode or the second device configured in the bistatic mode at the second frequency.6.The sensing function entity of Claim 1, wherein the sensing function entity is implemented as a function entity of a core network, a sensing management component at a network edge, a function entity of an access network device, a function entity of a location management function, a function entity of an access and mobility management function, a function entity of a session management function, or a function entity of a terminal device,the first device is implemented as an access network device or a terminal device, andthe second device is implemented as an access network device or a terminal device.7.A sensing function entity comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the sensing function entity at least to perform:receiving a sensing measurement report from a first device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit a sensing signal and receive an echo signal to sense an object in a monostatic mode, or from a second device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit the sensing signal while the second device is configured to receive the echo signal to sense the object in a bistatic mode;estimating position of the object based on the received sensing measurement report;calculating a first distance between the first device and the object and a second distance between the object and the second device based on the estimated position of the object; anddetermining whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object based on at least one of the following:comparison between the first distance and the second distance; andenvironment information relating to the object.8.The sensing function entity of Claim 7, wherein determining whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object comprises:in a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the first device and the first distance is larger than the second distance, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, orin a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the second device and the first distance is smaller than the second distance, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.9.The sensing function entity of Claim 7, wherein determining whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object comprises:in a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the first device and the environment information indicates a signal propagation path between the object and the second device has better performance than a signal propagation path between the first device and the object, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, orin a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the second device and the environment information indicates the signal propagation path between the first device and the object has better performance than the signal propagation path between the object and the second device, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.10.A first device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to perform:transmitting a sensing signal for sensing an object;receiving an echo signal reflected by the object; andreporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.11.The first device of Claim 10, wherein the first device reports the quality of the echo signal at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function.12.The first device of Claim 11, wherein the first device is configured to sense the object in a bistatic mode.13.The first device of Claim 11, wherein the first device is configured to sense the object in a monostatic mode, and the first device further sends a sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.14.The first device of Claim 10, wherein the at least one memory further stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to perform:receiving a sensing configuration update from the sensing function to switch a working mode for sensing the object.15.A second device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to perform:receiving an echo signal generated from an object reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from a first device; andreporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.16.The second device of Claim 15, wherein the second device reports the quality of the echo signal at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function.17.The second device of Claim 16, wherein the first device is configured to sense the object in a monostatic mode.18.The second device of Claim 16, wherein the second device is configured to sense the object in a bistatic mode, and the second device further sends a sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.19.The second device of Claim 15, wherein the at least one memory further stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to perform:receiving a sensing configuration update from the sensing function to switch a working mode for sensing the object.20.A method comprising:receiving, from a first device, a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of an echo signal received at the first device, the first device being configured to transmit a sensing signal of which at least a portion is reflected by an object to generate the echo signal;receiving, from a second device, a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device; andcomparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object.21.The method of Claim 20, wherein comparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object comprises:in a case where the first device is configured to sense the object in a monostatic mode, determining to switch from the monostatic mode to a bistatic mode where the first device and the second device are configured to sense the object in response to the second quality being better than the first quality, orin a case where the first device and the second device are configured to sense the object in the bistatic mode, determining to switch from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode where the first device is configured to sense the object in response to the first quality being better than the second quality.22.The method of Claim 21, further comprising:updating a sensing configuration for the first device and the second device, in response to determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object.23.The method of Claim 20, further comprising:configuring the first device to sense the object in a monostatic mode or the first device and the second device to sense the object in a bistatic mode; andrequesting one or both of the first device and the second device to report echo signal quality, the one of the first device and the second device comprising the second device in a case where the first device is configured to sense the object in the monostatic mode or the first device in a case where the first device and the second device are configured to sense the object in the bistatic mode.24.The method of Claim 23, wherein in a case of requesting one of the first device and the second device to report the echo signal quality, a sensing function entity receives the echo signal quality reported from the requested one of the first device and the second device at a first frequency and the echo signal quality reported from the other one of the first device and the second device at a second frequency higher than the first frequency, orin a case of requesting both of the first device and the second device to report the echo signal quality, the sensing function entity receives the echo signal quality reported from the first device and the second device at the first frequency, and further receives the echo signal quality reported from the first device configured in the monostatic mode or the second device configured in the bistatic mode at the second frequency.25.The method of Claim 20, wherein the method is implemented at a sensing function entity implemented as a function entity of a core network, a sensing management component at a network edge, a function entity of an access network device, a function entity of a location management function, a function entity of an access and mobility management function, a function entity of a session management function, or a function entity of a terminal device,the first device is implemented as an access network device or a terminal device, andthe second device is implemented as an access network device or a terminal device.26.A method comprising:receiving a sensing measurement report from a first device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit a sensing signal and receive an echo signal to sense an object in a monostatic mode, or from a second device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit the sensing signal while the second device is configured to receive the echo signal to sense the object in a bistatic mode;estimating position of the object based on the received sensing measurement report;calculating a first distance between the first device and the object and a second distance between the object and the second device based on the estimated position of the object; anddetermining whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object based on at least one of the following:comparison between the first distance and the second distance; andenvironment information relating to the object.27.The method of Claim 26, wherein determining whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object comprises:in a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the first device and the first distance is larger than the second distance, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, orin a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the second device and the first distance is smaller than the second distance, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.28.The method of Claim 26, wherein determining whether to switch the working mode for sensing the object comprises:in a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the first device and the environment information indicates a signal propagation path between the object and the second device has better performance than a signal propagation path between the first device and the object, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the monostatic mode to the bistatic mode, orin a case where the sensing measurement report is received from the second device and the environment information indicates the signal propagation path between the first device and the object has better performance than the signal propagation path between the object and the second device, determining to switch the working mode for sensing the object from the bistatic mode to the monostatic mode.29.A method comprising:transmitting a sensing signal for sensing an object;receiving an echo signal reflected by the object; andreporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.30.The method of Claim 29, wherein the quality of the echo signal is reported at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function.31.The method of Claim 30, wherein the method is implemented at a first device configured to sense the object in a bistatic mode.32.The method of Claim 30, wherein the method is implemented at a first device configured to sense the object in a monostatic mode, and the first device further sends a sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.33.The method of Claim 29, further comprising:receiving a sensing configuration update from the sensing function to switch a working mode for sensing the object.34.A method comprising:receiving, at a second device, an echo signal generated from an object reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from a first device; andreporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.35.The method of Claim 34, wherein the second device reports the quality of the echo signal at a first frequency in response to an echo signal quality report request received from the sensing function.36.The method of Claim 35, wherein the first device is configured to sense the object in a monostatic mode.37.The method of Claim 35, wherein the second device is configured to sense the object in a bistatic mode, and the second device further sends a sensing measurement report including the quality of the echo signal to the sensing function at a second frequency higher than the first frequency.38.The method of Claim 34, further comprising:receiving a sensing configuration update from the sensing function to switch a working mode for sensing the object.39.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first device, a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of an echo signal received at the first device, the first device being configured to transmit a sensing signal of which at least a portion is reflected by an object to generate the echo signal;means for receiving, from a second device, a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device; andmeans for comparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object.40.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving a sensing measurement report from a first device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit a sensing signal and receive an echo signal to sense an object in a monostatic mode, or from a second device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit the sensing signal while the second device is configured to receive the echo signal to sense the object in a bistatic mode;means for estimating position of the object based on the received sensing measurement report;means for calculating a first distance between the first device and the object and a second distance between the object and the second device based on the estimated position of the object; andmeans for determining whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object based on at least one of the following:comparison between the first distance and the second distance; andenvironment information relating to the object.41.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting a sensing signal for sensing an object;means for receiving an echo signal reflected by the object; andmeans for reporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.42.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, at a second device, an echo signal generated from an object reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from a first device; andmeans for reporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.43.A computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:receiving, from a first device, a first signal quality report indicative of a first quality of an echo signal received at the first device, the first device being configured to transmit a sensing signal of which at least a portion is reflected by an object to generate the echo signal;receiving, from a second device, a second signal quality report indicative of a second quality of the echo signal received at the second device; andcomparing the first quality with the second quality to determine whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object.44.A computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:receiving a sensing measurement report from a first device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit a sensing signal and receive an echo signal to sense an object in a monostatic mode, or from a second device in a case where the first device is configured to transmit the sensing signal while the second device is configured to receive the echo signal to sense the object in a bistatic mode;estimating position of the object based on the received sensing measurement report;calculating a first distance between the first device and the object and a second distance between the object and the second device based on the estimated position of the object; anddetermining whether to switch a working mode for sensing the object based on at least one of the following:comparison between the first distance and the second distance; andenvironment information relating to the object.45.A computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:transmitting a sensing signal for sensing an object;receiving an echo signal reflected by the object; andreporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.46.A computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:receiving, at a second device, an echo signal generated from an object reflecting at least a portion of a sensing signal transmitted from a first device; andreporting quality of the received echo signal to a sensing function.