Enhanced long range transmission for next-generation wi-fi in wireless communications
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
AI Technical Summary
Current Wi-Fi systems exhibit a coverage gap between downlink and uplink transmissions due to factors like transmit power restrictions, antenna configurations, and power amplification differences, which need to be addressed to enhance coverage for next-generation IEEE 802.11bn Ultra High Reliable (UHR) systems with data rates greater than or equal to 1Mbps.
Implement frequency domain duplication (FD DUP) or time domain symbol repetition (TD REP), or a combination of both, to achieve enhanced long range (ELR) transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi, utilizing smaller subcarrier spacing and additional pilot tones for better channel estimation and peak-to-average power ratio reduction.
The proposed schemes improve spectral efficiency, channel estimation, and airtime efficiency, achieving data rates of about 1Mbps to 1.7Mbps by optimizing PPDU transmission methods.
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Abstract
Description
ENHANCED LONG RANGE TRANSMISSION FOR NEXT-GENERATION WI-FI IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 560,812 filed 04 March 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to enhanced long range (ELR) transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications, such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) in wireless local area network (WLAN) systems in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, there is a coverage gap of about 6~10dB between downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in current Wi-Fi systems due to several factors. Such factors include: (1) different transmit power restriction for an access point (AP) and a non-AP station (STA) ; (2) configurations of different numbers of antennas at the AP and the non-AP STA; and (3) power amplification (PA) performance difference at the AP and the non-AP STA. In addition, legacy IEEE 802.11b, which can be used for Beacon transmission in 2.4GHz frequency band, tends to have another 3~4dB of better performance than IEEE 11g. To close the range gap between DL and UL transmissions, it has been proposed to enhance the coverage for next-generation IEEE 802.11bn Ultra High Reliable (UHR) systems. Moreover, for next-generation Wi-Fi, the target data rate is greater than or equal to (>=) 1Mbps or 1.5Mbps. However, details on how to achieve this goal (e.g., ELR transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi) has yet to be defined at the time of the present disclosure. Thus, there is a need for a solution of ELR transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi in wireless communications.SUMMARY
[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to ELR transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi in wireless communications. It is believed that implementations of various schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the aforementioned issues. For instance, transmission methods of data and / or payload symbols under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may achieve a lower effective coding rate by: (1) frequency domain duplication (FD DUP) or frequency domain tone repetition; (2) time domain symbol or tone repetition (TD REP) ; or (3) combine FD DUP and TD REP.
[0007] In one aspect, a method may involve generating a PPDU. The method may also involve transmitting the PPDU in a wireless communication with: (a) a frequency domain duplication (FD DUP) or frequency domain tone repetition; or (b) a time domain symbol or tone repetition (TD REP) ; or (c) both the FD DUP and TD REP.
[0008] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may generate a PPDU. The processor may also transmit the PPDU in a wireless communication with: (a) a frequency domain duplication (FD DUP) or frequency domain tone repetition; or (b) a time domain symbol or tone repetition (TD REP) ; or (c) both the FD DUP and TD REP.
[0009] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0018] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0019] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to ELR transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ~ FIG. 7 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ~ FIG. 7.
[0021] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least a station STA 110 communicating wirelessly with a STA 120. Either of STA 110 and STA 120 may function as an AP STA or, alternatively, a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn and future-developed standards) . Each of STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate with each other by utilizing the ELR transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi in accordance with various proposed schemes described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0022] Under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, some general considerations may be taken into account when designing ELR physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission methods for next-generation Wi-Fi. For instance, data and payload of the ELR PPDU may be pre-corrected to allow smaller subcarrier spacing (Fscs) such as 78.125 kHz and / or 156.25 kHz. The ELR transmission methods under the proposed schemes may result in more spectral efficiency by utilizing a tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification. With smaller Fscs, better channel estimation (CE) smoothing may be achieved. Also, under the proposed schemes, frequency domain (FD) duplication (FD DUP) may result in better frequency diversity. Additionally, more pilot tones may be utilized for better tracking. Moreover, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and design simplicity may be obtained under the proposed schemes to achieve better performance (e.g., better sensitivity and data rate, and so on) . Furthermore, under the proposed schemes, guard interval (GI) sharing may be utilized for time domain (TD) symbol or tone repetition (TD REP) to achieve better airtime efficiency and data rate.
[0023] Under a first proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a first option (Option-1) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.067 Mbps by using a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of MCS15 on a 242-tone resource unit (RU242) and 4 times repetition in the time domain (TD REP 4) (e.g., 4 *12.8μs + 2 *1.6μs) , with 12.8μs being the symbol inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of one GI. In an alternative first option (Option-1a) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.099 Mbps by using MCS15 on RU242 and TD REP 4 (e.g., 4 *12.8μs + 1.6μs) . Under the first proposed scheme, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) may be 256 (Nfft = 256) and subcarrier spacing may be 78.125 kHz (Fscs = 78.125 kHz) , and a RU242 tone plan under IEEE 802.11be may be utilized. FIG. 2 illustrates an example design 200 under the first proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to part (A) of FIG. 2, in Option-1, one GI may correspond to two symbols. Referring to part (B) of FIG. 2, in Option-1a, one GI may correspond to four symbols.
[0024] Under a second proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a second option (Option-2) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9926 Mbps by reusing a 40MHz (BW40) High-Throughput (HT) 114-tone plan, with Nfft = 128 and Fscs = 156.25 kHz, and TD REP 8 (e.g., 8 *6.4μs + 2 *1.6μs) , with 6.4μs being the symbol IFFT duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of each GI of two GIs. In an alternative second option (Option-2a) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9926 Mbps by reusing BW40 and HT 114-tone plan, with Nfft = 128 and Fscs = 156.25 kHz, and 2 x DUP in FD and TD REP 4 (e.g., 4 *6.4μs + 2 *1.6μs) , with 6.4μs being the symbol IFFT duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of each GI of two GIs.
[0025] Under a third proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a third option (Option-3) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9659 Mbps by reusing a 20MHz (BW20) 106-tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and MCS0, 2 x DUP in FD, TD REP 4 (e.g., 4 *12.8μs + 1.6μs) , with 12.8μs being the symbol IFFT duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of one GI. In an alternative third option (Option-3a) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9375 Mbps by using MCS0 and 2 x DUP in FD and TD REP 4 (e.g., 4 *12.8μs + 2 *1.6μs) , with 12.8μs being the symbol IFFT duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of each GI of two GIs. In another alternative third option (Option-3b) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9191 Mbps by using MCS15 and 2 x DUP in FD and TD REP 4 (e.g., 4 *12.8μs + 2 *1.6μs) , with 12.8μs being the symbol IFFT duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of each GI of two GIs.
[0026] Under a fourth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a fourth option (Option-4) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9556 Mbps by reusing a BW20 HT or Very-High-Throughput (VHT) (or IEEE 802.11n or IEEE 802.11ac) 56-tone plan, with Nfft = 64 and Fscs = 312.5 kHz, and TD REP 8 (e.g., 8 *3.2μs + 1.6μs) , with 3.2μs being the symbol IFFT duration and 1.6μs being the assumed interval of one GI. In an alternative fourth option (Option-4a) , binary convolutional code (BCC) interleaving and low-density parity-check (LDPC) tone mapping may be alternatively utilized to achieve better diversity. For instance, BCC interleaving and LDPC tone mapping may be applied to the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th symbols, while no interleaving or tone mapping may be applied to the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th symbols. FIG. 3 illustrates an example design 300 under the fourth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to part (A) of FIG. 3, in Option-4, one GI may correspond to two symbols. Referring to part (B) of FIG. 3, in Option-4a, one GI may correspond to four symbols.
[0027] Under a fifth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a fifth option (Option-5) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9556 Mbps by reusing a BW20 HT 56-tone plan on each 5 MHz subblock, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and 4 x DUP in FD and TD REP 2 (e.g., 2 *12.8μs + 1.6μs) . Under the fifth proposed scheme, a shifted 56-tone plan may be utilized to reserve enough edge and direct-current (DC) tones. Moreover, a long training field (LTF) sequency may be utilized to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) . FIG. 4 illustrates an example design 400 under the fifth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4, 4 x DUP in FD and 2 x repetition in TD may be performed in ELR data symbol transmission under the fifth proposed scheme.
[0028] Under a sixth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a sixth option (Option-6) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.83 Mbps by using a 26-tone resource unit (RU26) , 9 x DUP and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate of 1 / 2 (R = 1 / 2) (or MCS0) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz. In an alternative sixth option (Option-6a) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.83 Mbps by using a RU26, 9 x DUP and BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz. In another alternative sixth option (Option-6b) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.11 Mbps by using a RU26, 9 x DUP or 26-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU26) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and BPSK + R = 2 / 3. In yet another alternative sixth option (Option-6c) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.01 Mbps by using 8 times tone repetition and BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz.
[0029] Under a seventh proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a seventh option (Option-7) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.01 Mbps (with 1.6μs GI) by using a RU242 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, with 8 times tone repetition (8 *29 = 232) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz.
[0030] Under an eighth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In an eighth option (Option-8) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9722 Mbps (with 1.6μs GI) by using a RU242 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, with 8 times tone repetition (8 *28 = 224) with 18 pilot tones (e.g., by reusing all RU26 pilots) as 224 + 18 = 242 in RU242, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs =78.125 kHz.
[0031] Under a ninth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a ninth option (Option-9) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9 Mbps (with 1.6μs GI) by using a RU242 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, with 9 times tone repetition (9 *26 = 234) with 8 pilot tones, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz. In an alternative ninth option (Option-9a) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.204 Mbps (with 1.6μs GI) by using a RU242 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, with 9 times tone repetition (9 *26 = 234) with 8 pilot tones, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 2 / 3.
[0032] Under a tenth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1 Mbps may be achieved. In a tenth option (Option-10) , ELR transmission data rate may be 0.9 Mbps by using a RU242 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, a 52-tone plus 26-tone multi-resource unit MRU (52+26) , 3 x DUP in FD and 3 x repetition in TD (e.g., 3 *12.8μs + 1.6μs) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) .
[0033] Under an eleventh proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1.5 Mbps may be achieved. In an eleventh option (Option-11) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.7 Mbps by using a BW20 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, a 52-tone RU (RU52) and 4x DUP, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs =78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 1 / 2 + dual-carrier modulation (DCM) (or MCS15) . In an alternative eleventh option (Option-11a) , data symbol transmission may use 4.5 x DUP (e.g., with half of RU52 data duplicated on a middle RU26) . FIG. 5 illustrates an example design 500 under the eleventh proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5, under the proposed scheme, data symbols may be transmitted on RU52 with a 4 times duplication (4 x DUP) in FD.
[0034] Under a twelfth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1.5 Mbps may be achieved. In a twelfth option (Option-12) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.7 Mbps by using a BW20 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, a 52-tone RU (RU52) and 4x DUP, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs =78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) . In an alternative twelfth option (Option-12a) , data symbol transmission may use 4.5 x DUP (e.g., with half of RU52 data duplicated on a middle RU26) . In another alternative twelfth option (Option-12b) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.7 Mbps by using a BW20 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, a RU52 and 4x DUP, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) , and with BCC interleaving and LDPC tone mapping alternatively applied or non-applied to the RU52 to achieve better diversity. For instance, BCC interleaving and LDPC tone mapping may be applied to the 1st and 3rd symbols, while no interleaving or tone mapping may be applied to the 2nd and 4th symbols.
[0035] Under a thirteenth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1.5 Mbps may be achieved. In a thirteenth option (Option-13) , ELR transmission data rate may be 1.7 Mbps by using a BW20 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, a 52-tone distributed-tone RU (DRU52) , with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) .
[0036] Under a fourteenth proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure, a data rate of about 1.5 Mbps may be achieved. In a fourteenth option (Option-14) , ELR transmission data rate may be 2.03 Mbps by using a BW20 tone plan in accordance with the IEEE 802.11be specification, 4 x tone repetition in TD, with Nfft = 256 and Fscs = 78.125 kHz, using BPSK + R = 1 / 2 (or MCS0) . Illustrative Implementations
[0037] FIG. 6 illustrates an example system 600 having at least an example apparatus 610 and an example apparatus 620 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to lifting matrix and parity check matrix designs for longer LDPC codes in wireless communications including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 610 may be implemented in STA 110 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in STA 60, or vice versa.
[0038] Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a non-AP STA or an AP STA, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 610 and / or apparatus 620 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
[0039] In some implementations, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 6 such as a processor 612 and a processor 622, respectively. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and thus, such component (s) of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 are neither shown in FIG. 6 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0040] In one aspect, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “aprocessor” is used herein to refer to processor 612 and processor 622, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 612 and processor 622 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to ELR transmission methods for next-generation Wi-Fi in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0041] In some implementations, apparatus 610 may also include a transceiver 616 coupled to processor 612. Transceiver 616 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 620 may also include a transceiver 626 coupled to processor 622. Transceiver 626 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 616 and transceiver 626 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 612 and processor 622, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 616 may be an integral part of processor 612 as a system on chip (SoC) , and transceiver 626 may be an integral part of processor 622 as a SoC.
[0042] In some implementations, apparatus 610 may further include a memory 614 coupled to processor 612 and capable of being accessed by processor 612 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 620 may further include a memory 624 coupled to processor 622 and capable of being accessed by processor 622 and storing data therein. Each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0043] Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 610, as STA 110, and apparatus 620, as STA 60, is provided below in the context of example process 700. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of apparatus 620 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 610 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Illustrative Processes
[0044] FIG. 7 illustrates an example process 700 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 700 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 700 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to ELR transmission for next-generation Wi-Fi in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 700 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks such as 710 and 720. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 700 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 700 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 7 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 700 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 700 may be implemented by or in apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 700 is described below in the context of apparatus 610 implemented in or as STA 110 functioning as a non-AP STA or an AP STA and apparatus 620 implemented in or as STA 120 functioning as an AP STA or a non-AP STA of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 700 may begin at block 710.
[0045] At 710, process 700 may involve processor 612 of apparatus 610 generating a PPDU (e.g., an ELR PPDU) . Process 700 may proceed from 710 to 720.
[0046] At 720, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting, via transceiver 616, the PPDU (e.g., to apparatus 620) in a wireless communication with: (a) a FD DUP or frequency domain tone repetition; or (b) a TD REP; or (c) both the FD DUP and TD REP.
[0047] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting the PPDU with a DRU26 or a DRU52.
[0048] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting the PPDU with a RU52 and 4 x DUP in the FD.
[0049] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting the PPDU with a RU26 and 9 x DUP in the FD.
[0050] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting the PPDU with 4 x, 8 x or 9 x TD REP.
[0051] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a RU52, 4 x FD DUP, Nfft = 256, Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and an MCS of BPSK with R = 1 / 2.
[0052] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a RU52, 4 x FD DUP, Nfft = 256, Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and an MCS of BPSK with R = 1 / 2 plus DCM.
[0053] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a DRU52 tone plan, Nfft = 256, Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and an MCS of BPSK with R = 1 / 2.
[0054] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, 4 x TD REP, Nfft = 256, Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and an MCS of BPSK with R = 1 / 2.
[0055] In some implementations, in transmitting the PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting a RU26, 9 x FD DUP, Nfft = 256, Fscs = 78.125 kHz, and an MCS of BPSK with R = 1 / 2. Additional Notes
[0056] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0057] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0058] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “asystem having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “asystem having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0059] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method, comprising:generating, by a processor of an apparatus, a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andtransmitting, by the processor, the PPDU in a wireless communication with:a frequency domain duplication (FD DUP) or frequency domain tone repetition; ora time domain symbol or tone repetition (TD REP) ; orboth the FD DUP and TD REP.2.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with a 26-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU26) or a 52-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU52) .3.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with a 52-tone resource unit (RU52) and 4 times duplication (4 x DUP) in a frequency domain (FD) .4.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with a 26-tone resource unit (RU26) and 9 times duplication (9 x DUP) in a frequency domain (FD) .5.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with 4 times (4 x) , 8 times (8 x) or 9 times (9 x) TD REP.6.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a 52-tone resource unit (RU52) , 4 times (4 x) FD DUP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) =78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.7.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a 52-tone resource unit (RU52) , 4 times (4 x) FD DUP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) =78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2 plus dual-carrier modulation (DCM) .8.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a 52-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU52) tone plan, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.9.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, 4 times (4 x) TD REP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.10.The wireless communication method of Claim 1, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 26-tone resource unit (RU26) , 9 times (9 x) FD DUP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.11.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform, via the transceiver, a wireless communication by:generating, by a processor of an apparatus, a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andtransmitting, by the processor, the PPDU in a wireless communication with:a frequency domain duplication (FD DUP) or frequency domain tone repetition; ora time domain symbol or tone repetition (TD REP) ; orboth the FD DUP and TD REP.12.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with a 26-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU26) or a 52-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU52) .13.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with a 52-tone resource unit (RU52) and 4 times duplication (4 x DUP) in a frequency domain (FD) .14.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with a 26-tone resource unit (RU26) and 9 times duplication (9 x DUP) in a frequency domain (FD) .15.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting the PPDU with 4 times (4 x) , 8 times (8 x) or 9 times (9 x) TD REP.16.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a 52-tone resource unit (RU52) , 4 times (4 x) FD DUP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.17.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a 52-tone resource unit (RU52) , 4 times (4 x) FD DUP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2 plus dual-carrier modulation (DCM) .18.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, a 52-tone distributed-tone resource unit (DRU52) tone plan, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.19.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 20MHz tone plan, 4 times (4 x) TD REP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.20.The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the transmitting of the PPDU comprises transmitting a 26-tone resource unit (RU26) , 9 times (9 x) FD DUP, a length of fast Fourier transform (Nfft) = 256, a subcarrier spacing (Fscs) = 78.125 kHz, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with a coding rate (R) = 1 / 2.