Anti-b7-h3 antibodies and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BIOCYTOGEN PHARMACEUTICALS (BEIJING) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-24
AI Technical Summary
Current cancer treatments lack effective antibodies that specifically target B7-H3, a protein implicated in cancer progression and immune evasion.
Development of anti-B7-H3 antibodies and their antigen-binding fragments, which are designed to bind specifically to B7-H3, either alone or conjugated with therapeutic agents, to inhibit tumor growth and treat cancer.
The anti-B7-H3 antibodies demonstrate the ability to bind specifically to B7-H3, potentially inhibiting tumor growth and providing a therapeutic option for various cancers by enhancing immune response against cancer cells.
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Figure CN2024112650_20022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTI-B7-H3 ANTIBODIES AND USES THEREOF
[0001] CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0002] This application claims priority to PCT / CN2023 / 113363, filed on August 16, 2023, PCT / CN2023 / 113350, filed on August 16, 2023, PCT / CN2023 / 113348, filed on August 16, 2023, and PCT / CN2024 / 105244, filed on July 12, 2024. The entire contents of the foregoing application are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] This disclosure relates to anti-B7-H3 (B7 Homolog 3) antibodies and uses thereof.BACKGROUND
[0004] Cancer is currently one of the diseases that have the highest human mortality. According to the World Health Organization statistical data, in 2012, the number of global cancer incidence and death cases reached 14 million and 8.2 million, respectively. In China, the newly diagnosed cancer cases are 3.07 million, and the death toll is 2.2 million.
[0005] Recent clinical and commercial success of anticancer antibodies has created great interest in antibody-based therapeutics. There is a need to develop antibodies for use in various antibody-based therapeutics to treat cancers or auto-immune diseases.SUMMARY
[0006] This disclosure relates to anti-B7-H3 antibodies, antigen-binding fragment thereof, antibody drug conjugates, and the uses thereof.
[0007] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to B7 Homolog 3 (B7-H3) , comprising: a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3, in some embodiments, the VH CDR1 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH CDR1 amino acid sequence, the VH CDR2 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the VH CDR3 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH CDR3 amino acid sequence; and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3, in some embodiments, the VL CDR1 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL CDR1 amino acid sequence, the VL CDR2 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the VL CDR3 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL CDR3 amino acid sequence, in some embodiments, the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, and 3 amino acid sequences and the selected VL CDRs, 1, 2, and 3 amino acid sequences are one of the following: (1) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively; (2) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively; (3) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively; (4) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively; (5) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively; and (6) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively.
[0008] In some embodiments, the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Kabat numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Chothia numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a human or humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 antibody or a fragment thereof) . In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or a multi-specific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) .
[0009] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising:
[0010] (1) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VH, when paired with a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;
[0011] (2) an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a light chain variable region (VL) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VL, when paired with a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, binds to B7-H3;
[0012] (3) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;
[0013] (4) an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VL comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VL, when paired with a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, binds to B7-H3;
[0014] (5) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, binds to B7-H3;
[0015] (6) an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VL comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VL, when paired with a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, binds to B7-H3;
[0016] (7) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;
[0017] (8) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3; or
[0018] (9) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, respectively, and in some embodiments, the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3.
[0019] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15, respectively. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18, respectively. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21, respectively. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VL comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In some embodiments, the VH when paired with a VL specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3, or the VL when paired with a VH specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain or the fragment thereof is a human or humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 heavy chain or a fragment thereof) , and the immunoglobulin light chain or the fragment thereof is a human or humanized immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 light chain or a fragment thereof) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) , a multi-specific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) , or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) . In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is cDNA.
[0020] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a vector comprising one or more of the nucleic acids described herein. In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a vector comprising two of the nucleic acids described herein, in some embodiments, the vector encodes the VH region and the VL region that together bind to B7-H3. In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a pair of vectors, in some embodiments, each vector comprises one of the nucleic acids described herein, in some embodiments, together the pair of vectors encodes the VH region and the VL region that together bind to B7-H3.
[0021] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a cell comprising the vector or the pair of vectors described herein. In some embodiments, the cell is a CHO cell. In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a cell comprising one or more of the nucleic acids described herein. In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a cell comprising two of the nucleic acids described herein. In some embodiments, the two nucleic acids together encode the VH region and the VL region that together bind to B7-H3.
[0022] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of producing an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, the method comprising (a) culturing the cell described herein under conditions sufficient for the cell to produce the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment; and (b) collecting the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment produced by the cell.
[0023] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to B7-H3 comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH sequence, and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL sequence, in some embodiments, the selected VH sequence and the selected VL sequence are one of the following: (1) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 23, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22; (2) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 24, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22; and (3) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 25, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and the VL comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and the VL comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 and the VL comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a human or humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 antibody or a fragment thereof) . In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or a multi-specific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) .
[0024] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that cross-competes with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein.
[0025] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to B7-H3 comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 that are identical to VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of a selected VH sequence; and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 that are identical to VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of a selected VL sequence, in some embodiments, the selected VH sequence and the selected VL sequence are one of the following: (1) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 23, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22; (2) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 24, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22; and (3) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 25, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0026] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to an antibody-drug conjugate comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein covalently bound to a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic or cytostatic agent. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is MMAE or MMAF.
[0027] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from
[0028] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is linked to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof via a linker. In some embodiments, the linker has a structure of:
[0029] In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate has a structure of:
[0030] in some embodiments, n=1-8; in some embodiments, “Ab” represents the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0031] In some embodiments, the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) is about 4 or 8.
[0032] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of treating a subject having cancer, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or the antibody-drug conjugate described herein, to the subject. In some embodiments, the subject has liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) , non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , bladder cancer, renal cancer, brain cancer, head and neck cancer, or melanoma. In some embodiments, the subject has a cancer cell expressing B7-H3. In some embodiments, the method described herein further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-OX40 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PDL2 antibody, an anti-LAG-3 antibody, an anti-TIGIT antibody, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, an anti-GITR antibody, an anti-TIM-3 antibody, an anti-4-1BB antibody, and / or an anti-CD40 antibody, to the subject.
[0033] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of decreasing the rate of tumor growth, the method comprising contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or the antibody-drug conjugate described herein.
[0034] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a method of killing a tumor cell, the method comprising contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or the antibody-drug conjugate described herein.
[0035] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody drug conjugate described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0036] In one aspect, the disclosure is related to a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein.
[0037] As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to cells having the capacity for autonomous growth. Examples of such cells include cells having an abnormal state or condition characterized by rapidly proliferating cell growth. The term is meant to include cancerous growths, e.g., tumors; oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues, and malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. Also included are malignancies of the various organ systems, such as head and neck, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, hematological, neurological, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems; as well as adenocarcinomas which include malignancies such as most colon cancers, renal-cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and / or testicular tumors, non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, glioma and cancer of the small intestine. Cancer that is “naturally arising” includes any cancer that is not experimentally induced by implantation of cancer cells into a subject, and includes, for example, spontaneously arising cancer, cancer caused by exposure of a patient to a carcinogen (s) , cancer resulting from insertion of a transgenic oncogene or knockout of a tumor suppressor gene, and cancer caused by infections, e.g., viral infections. The term “carcinoma” is art recognized and refers to malignancies of epithelial or endocrine tissues. The term also includes carcinosarcomas, which include malignant tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues. An “adenocarcinoma” refers to a carcinoma derived from glandular tissue or in which the tumor cells form recognizable glandular structures. The term “sarcoma” is art recognized and refers to malignant tumors of mesenchymal derivation. The term “hematopoietic neoplastic disorders” includes diseases involving hyperplastic / neoplastic cells of hematopoietic origin. A hematopoietic neoplastic disorder can arise from myeloid, lymphoid or erythroid lineages, or precursor cells thereof. A hematologic cancer is a cancer that begins in blood-forming tissue, such as the bone marrow, or in the cells of the immune system. Examples of hematologic cancer include e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma etc.
[0038] As used herein, the term “antibody” refers to any antigen-binding molecule that contains at least one (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) complementary determining region (CDR) (e.g., any of the three CDRs from an immunoglobulin light chain or any of the three CDRs from an immunoglobulin heavy chain) and is capable of specifically binding to an epitope. Non-limiting examples of antibodies include: monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multi-specific antibodies (e.g., bi-specific antibodies) , single-chain antibodies, chimeric antibodies, human antibodies, and humanized antibodies. In some embodiments, an antibody can contain an Fc region of a human antibody. The term antibody also includes derivatives, e.g., bi-specific antibodies, single-chain antibodies, diabodies, linear antibodies, and multi-specific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
[0039] As used herein, the term “antigen-binding fragment” refers to a portion of a full-length antibody, wherein the portion of the antibody is capable of specifically binding to an antigen. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment contains at least one variable domain (e.g., a variable domain of a heavy chain or a variable domain of light chain) . Non-limiting examples of antibody fragments include, e.g., Fab, Fab’ , F (ab’ ) 2, and Fv fragments.
[0040] As used herein, the term “human antibody” refers to an antibody that is encoded by an endogenous nucleic acid (e.g., rearranged human immunoglobulin heavy or light chain locus) derived from a human. In some embodiments, a human antibody is collected from a human or produced in a human cell culture (e.g., human hybridoma cells) . In some embodiments, a human antibody is produced in a non-human cell (e.g., a mouse or hamster cell line) . In some embodiments, a human antibody is produced in a bacterial or yeast cell. In some embodiments, ahuman antibody is produced in a transgenic non-human animal (e.g., a bovine) containing an unrearranged or rearranged human immunoglobulin locus (e.g., heavy or light chain human immunoglobulin locus) .
[0041] As used herein, the term “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody that contains a sequence present in at least two different species (e.g., antibodies from two different mammalian species such as a human and a mouse antibody) . A non-limiting example of a chimeric antibody is an antibody containing the variable domain sequences (e.g., all or part of a light chain and / or heavy chain variable domain sequence) of a non-human (e.g., mouse) antibody and the constant domains of a human antibody. Additional examples of chimeric antibodies are described herein and are known in the art.
[0042] As used herein, the term “humanized antibody” refers to a non-human antibody which contains minimal sequence derived from a non-human (e.g., mouse) immunoglobulin and contains sequences derived from a human immunoglobulin. In non-limiting examples, humanized antibodies are human antibodies (recipient antibody) in which hypervariable (e.g., CDR) region residues of the recipient antibody are replaced by hypervariable (e.g., CDR) region residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., a donor antibody) , e.g., a mouse, rat, or rabbit antibody, having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some embodiments, the Fv framework residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human (e.g., mouse) immunoglobulin residues. In some embodiments, humanized antibodies may contain residues which are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications can be made to further refine antibody performance. In some embodiments, the humanized antibody contains substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops (CDRs) correspond to those of a non-human (e.g., mouse) immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the framework regions are those of a human immunoglobulin. The humanized antibody can also contain at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc) , typically, that of a human immunoglobulin. Humanized antibodies can be produced using molecular biology methods known in the art. Non-limiting examples of methods for generating humanized antibodies are described herein.
[0043] As used herein, the term “single-chain antibody” refers to a single polypeptide that contains at least two immunoglobulin variable domains (e.g., a variable domain of a mammalian immunoglobulin heavy chain or light chain) that is capable of specifically binding to an antigen. Non-limiting examples of single-chain antibodies are described herein.
[0044] As used herein, the terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably throughout the specification and describe an animal, human or non-human, to whom treatment according to the methods of the present invention is provided. Veterinary and non-veterinary applications are contemplated in the present disclosure. Human patients can be adult humans or juvenile humans (e.g., humans below the age of 18 years old) . In addition to humans, patients include but are not limited to mice, rats, hamsters, guinea-pigs, rabbits, ferrets, cats, dogs, and primates. Included are, for example, non-human primates (e.g., monkey, chimpanzee, gorilla, and the like) , rodents (e.g., rats, mice, gerbils, hamsters, ferrets, rabbits) , lagomorphs, swine (e.g., pig, miniature pig) , equine, canine, feline, bovine, and other domestic, farm, and zoo animals.
[0045] As used herein, when referring to an antibody, the phrases “specifically binding” and “specifically binds” mean that the antibody interacts with its target molecule (e.g., B7-H3) preferably to other molecules, because the interaction is dependent upon the presence of a particular structure (i.e., the antigenic determinant or epitope) on the target molecule; in other words, the reagent is recognizing and binding to molecules that include a specific structure rather than to all molecules in general. An antibody that specifically binds to the target molecule may be referred to as a target-specific antibody. For example, an antibody that specifically binds to a B7-H3 molecule may be referred to as a B7-H3-specific antibody or an anti-B7-H3 antibody.
[0046] As used herein, the terms “polypeptide, ” “peptide, ” and “protein” are used interchangeably to refer to polymers of amino acids of any length of at least two amino acids.
[0047] As used herein, the terms “polynucleotide, ” “nucleic acid molecule, ” and “nucleic acid sequence” are used interchangeably herein to refer to polymers of nucleotides of any length of at least two nucleotides, and include, without limitation, DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrids, and modifications thereof.
[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials are described herein for use in the present invention; other, suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
[0049] Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0050] FIG. 1 lists Kabat CDR sequences for anti-B7-H3 antibodies.
[0051] FIG. 2 lists Chothia CDR sequences for anti-B7-H3 antibodies.
[0052] FIG. 3 lists sequences of the heavy chain variable regions and light chain variable regions of the anti-B7-H3 antibodies.
[0053] FIG. 4 lists amino acids sequences discussed in the disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 5 shows the average tumor volume in different groups of B-NDG mice that were engrafted with patient-derived lung tumor tissues, and were treated with PBS (G1) , ISO-CPT2 (G2) , 21A9-CPT2 (G3) , and 20H8-CPT2 (G4) , respectively. PBS was used as a negative control. ISO-CPT2 was used as an isotype control.
[0055] FIG. 6 shows the average tumor volume in different groups of B-NDG mice that were injected with colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor fragments, and were treated with PBS or ADCs.
[0056] FIG. 7 shows the average tumor volume in different groups of B-NDG mice that were injected with breast cancer patient-derived tumor fragments, and were treated with PBS or ADCs.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] The B7 family consists of structurally related, cell-surface protein ligands, which bind to receptors on lymphocytes that regulate immune responses. Activation of T and B lymphocytes is initiated by engagement of cell-surface, antigen-specific T-cell receptors or B-cell receptors, but additional signals delivered simultaneously by B7 ligands determine the ultimate immune response. These “co-stimulatory” or “co-inhibitory” signals are delivered by B7 ligands through the CD28 family of receptors on lymphocytes. Interaction of B7-family members with co-stimulatory receptors augments immune responses, and interaction with co-inhibitory receptors attenuates immune responses. Some of the B7-family members include, e.g., B7.1 (CD80) , B7.2 (CD86) , inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOS-L) , programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) , programmed death-2 ligand (PD-L2) , B7-H3 (CD276) , and B7-H4. They are all transmembrane or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) -linked proteins characterized by extracellular IgV and IgC domains related to the variable and constant domains of immunoglobulins. The IgV and IgC domains of B7-family members are each encoded by single exons, with additional exons encoding leader sequences, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. B7-H3 (CD276) is unique in that the major human form contains two extracellular tandem IgV-IgC domains.
[0058] Members of the B7 family are expressed in antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. Unlike B7.1, which is only expressed in lymphocytes, CD276 is also expressed in a variety of normal tissues, but the expression levels are low. Expression of CD276 is regulated by a variety of cytokines, for example, IFN-γcan up-regulate the expression of CD276, and IL4 can down-regulate its expression. The binding of B7 family members to different receptors can have a co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory effect. For example, binding of B7 and CD28 promotes co-stimulation, whereas binding of B7 and CTLA4 promotes co-inhibition. Early studies discovered that CD276 promotes the positive regulation of T cells, but subsequent studies found that CD276 plays a co-inhibitory effect in T cell immunity. Thus, CD276 has dual immune effects of co-stimulation and co-inhibition.
[0059] In non-malignant tissues, B7-H3 (CD276) has a predominantly inhibitory role in adaptive immunity, suppressing T cell activation and proliferation. In malignant tissues, B7-H3 is an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits tumor antigen-specific immune responses. B7-H3 also possesses non-immunological pro-tumorigenic functions such as promoting migration, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and affecting tumor cell metabolism. Thus, B7-H3 (CD276) antibodies can be potentially useful as cancer therapies.
[0060] The present disclosure provides examples of antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, and ADCs thereof, that bind to B7-H3.
[0061] B7-H3
[0062] B7 Homolog 3 (B7-H3; also known as CD276, Cluster of Differentiation 276, B7RP-2, or 4Ig-B7-H3) is a type I transmembrane protein encoded by chromosome 9 in mice and chromosome 15 in humans. The extracellular domain is composed of a single pair of immunoglobulin variable domain and immunoglobulin constant domain in mice (2Ig-B7-H3 isoform) and two identical pairs in human (4Ig-B7-H3 isoform) due to exon duplication. The intracellular tail of B7-H3 is short and has no known signaling motif. B7-H3 was first described in humans and then in mice, but is universally expressed among species. A soluble form, cleaved from the surface of activated T cell, monocyte, or DCs by a matrix metallopeptidase MMP or produced through alternative splicing of the intron, is also detectable in human sera. Soluble CD276 can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to enhance the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, the level of soluble CD276 in the pleural effusion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer is significantly higher than that of healthy people. Thus, CD276 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for related tumors.
[0063] B7-H3 is expressed on many tissues and cell types. At the mRNA level, it is ubiquitously found in non-lymphoid and lymphoid organs as liver, heart, prostate, spleen and thymus. Despite broad mRNA expression, protein expression is limited at steady state, suggesting the presence of an important post-transcriptional control mechanism. B7-H3 is constitutively found on non-immune resting fibroblasts, endothelial cells (EC) , osteoblasts, and amniotic fluid stem cells. Moreover, B7-H3 expression is induced on immune cells, specifically antigen-presenting cells. In particular, coculture with regulatory T cells (Treg) , IFN-γ, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , or anti-CD40 in vitro stimulation all induce the expression of B7-H3 on dendritic cells (DCs) . Monocytes and monocytes-derived DCs upregulate B7-H3 after LPS stimulation or cytokine-induced differentiation respectively. Additionally, B7-H3 is also detected on natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and a minor population of T cells following PMA / ionomycin stimulation.
[0064] The B7-H3 pathway has a dual role in contributing to the regulation of innate immune responses. One study found that neuroblastoma cells express B7-H3 on their cell surface, which protect them from NK cell-mediated lysis. Another group argues that B7-H3 co-stimulates innate immunity by augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokines release from LPS-stimulated monocytes / macrophages, in both a Toll-like receptor 4-and 2-dependent manner.
[0065] B7-H3 plays an important role in T cell-mediated adaptive immunity, although the nature of its signaling remains controversial. A co-stimulatory role of B7-H3 on human T cells was initially reported in vitro. Murine studies showing B7-H3 worsens experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) , arthritis, bacterial meningitis and chronic allograft rejection supported this claim. However, subsequent studies have mostly shown that B7-H3 acts as a T cell co-inhibitor. B7-H3 inhibits polyclonal or allogeneic CD4+and CD8+T cell activation, proliferation and effector cytokine production (IFN-γand IL-2) in mice and humans. This negative regulation of T cells is associated with diminished NFAT, NF-kB and AP-1 transcriptional factor activity. Independent studies utilizing either protein blockade or gene-knockout mice have reported that B7-H3 ameliorates graft-versus-host-disease, prolongs cardiac allograft survival, reduces airway hypersensitivity, and delays EAE onset, especially by down-regulating Th1 responses. These examples lend more credence to the co-inhibitory nature of B7-H3.
[0066] The receptor (s) for B7-H3 has yet to be discovered. Nevertheless, the crystal structure of mouse B7-H3 reveals that its receptor engagement on T cells involves the particular segment connecting F and G strands (the FG loop) of the immunoglobulin variable domain of B7-H3. Moreover, B7-H3 crystallizes as a glycosylated monomer but also undergoes an unusual dimerization in vitro. Altogether, the nature of the receptor (s) , differences in cellular context, and various disease models certainly account for the discrepancies in the function of the B7-H3 pathway in regulating both innate and adaptive immunity during homeostasis and inflammation.
[0067] Beyond the immune system, the B7-H3 pathway has a non-immunological role in promoting osteoblastic differentiation and bone mineralization in mice, ensuring normal bone formation. Indeed, B7-H3 knockout mice had reduced bone mineral density and were more susceptible to bone fractures compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, similar to other immune checkpoints of the B7-CD28 pathways, B7-H3 is also expressed in human cancers and participates in tumorigenesis through modulation of both immune and non-immune related pathways.
[0068] A detailed description of CD276 and its function can be found, e.g., in Picarda, E. et al., "Molecular pathways: targeting B7-H3 (CD276) for human cancer immunotherapy. " Clinical Cancer Research 22.14 (2016) : 3425-3431; Collins, M. et al., "The B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands. " Genome Biology 6.6 (2005) : 1-7; Castellanos, J. R. et al., "B7-H3 role in the immune landscape of cancer. " American Journal of Clinical andExperimental Immunology 6.4 (2017) : 66; and Yang, S. et al., "B7-H3, a checkpoint molecule, as a target for cancer immunotherapy. " International Journal of Biological Sciences 16.11 (2020) : 1767; each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0069] The present disclosure provides anti-B7-H3 antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, ADCs, and methods of using these anti-B7-H3 antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, or ADCs to inhibit tumor growth and to treat various diseases, including e.g., cancer.
[0070] Anti-B7-H3 Antibodies
[0071] The disclosure provides antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to B7-H3 (e.g., human B7-H3) . In some embodiments, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments described herein are capable of binding to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3. In some embodiments, these antibodies bind to cells expressing B7-H3 (B7-H3 positive cells) . In some embodiments, these antibodies do not bind to cells not expressing B7-H3 (B7-H3 negative cells) . In some embodiments, these antibodies can internalize into target cells (e.g., cancer cells expressing B7-H3) via endocytosis. In some embodiments, these antibodies can bind to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3 with a high affinity. In some embodiments, these antibodies can initiate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) .
[0072] The disclosure provides, e.g., anti-B7-H3 antibodies 19A1, 20H8, and 21A9, the modified antibodies thereof, including, e.g., chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, and human antibodies.
[0073] The CDR sequences for 19A1, and 19A1 derived antibodies (e.g., human antibodies) include CDRs of the heavy chain variable domain, SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, and CDRs of the light chain variable domain, SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, as defined by Kabat definition. The CDRs can also be defined by Chothia system. Under the Chothia definition, the CDR sequences of the heavy chain variable domain are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, and CDR sequences of the light chain variable domain are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3.
[0074] The CDR sequences for 20H8, and 20H8 derived antibodies (e.g., human antibodies) include CDRs of the heavy chain variable domain, SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, and CDRs of the light chain variable domain, SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, as defined by Kabat definition. Under the Chothia definition, the CDR sequences of the heavy chain variable domain are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, and CDR sequences of the light chain variable domain are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3.
[0075] The CDR sequences for 21A9, and 21A9 derived antibodies (e.g., human antibodies) include CDRs of the heavy chain variable domain, SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, and CDRs of the light chain variable domain, SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, as defined by Kabat definition. Under the Chothia definition, the CDR sequences of the heavy chain variable domain are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, and CDR sequences of the light chain variable domain are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3.
[0076] The amino acid sequence for the heavy chain variable region of 19A1 antibody is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. The amino acid sequence for the light chain variable region of 19A1 antibody is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0077] The amino acid sequence for the heavy chain variable region of 20H8 antibody is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. The amino acid sequence for the light chain variable region of 20H8 antibody is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0078] The amino acid sequence for the heavy chain variable region of 21A9 antibody is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25. The amino acid sequence for the light chain variable region of 21A9 antibody is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0079] The amino acid sequences for heavy chain variable regions and light variable regions of the modified antibodies are also provided. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 23, 24, or 25. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 22. The heavy chain variable region sequence can be paired with the corresponding light chain variable region sequence, and together they bind to B7-H3.
[0080] In some embodiments, the variable regions are fully human, e.g., derived from human heavy chain immunoglobulin locus sequences (e.g., recombination of human IGHV, IGHD, and IGHJ genes) , and / or human kappa chain immunoglobulin locus sequences (e.g., recombination of human IGKV and IGKJ genes) .
[0081] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can also contain one, two, or three heavy chain variable region CDRs selected from the group of SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, and SEQ ID NOs: 19-21; and / or one, two, or three light chain variable region CDRs selected from the group of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3.
[0082] In some embodiments, the antibodies can have a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, 3, wherein the CDR1 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH CDR1 amino acid sequence, the CDR2 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the CDR3 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH CDR3 amino acid sequence. In some embodiments, the antibodies can have a light chain variable region (VL) comprising CDRs 1, 2, 3, wherein the CDR1 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL CDR1 amino acid sequence, the CDR2 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the CDR3 region comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL CDR3 amino acid sequence. The selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences and the selected VL CDRs, 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are shown in FIG. 1 (CDRs under Kabat definition) , and FIG. 2 (CDRs under Chothia definition) .
[0083] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 4 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 5 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 6 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0084] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 7 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 8 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 9 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0085] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 10 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 11 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 12 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0086] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 13 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 14 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 15 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0087] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 16 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 17 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 18 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0088] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a heavy chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 19 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 20 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 21 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0089] In some embodiments, the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment described herein can contain a light chain variable domain containing one, two, or three of the CDRs of SEQ ID NO: 1 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 2 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions; SEQ ID NO: 3 with zero, one or two amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions.
[0090] The insertions, deletions, and substitutions can be within the CDR sequence, or at one or both terminal ends of the CDR sequence. In some embodiments, the CDR is determined based on Kabat definition scheme. In some embodiments, the CDR is determined based on Chothia definition scheme. In some embodiments, the CDR is determined based on a combination of Kabat and Chothia definition scheme. In some embodiments, the CDR is determined based on IMGT definition. In some embodiments, the CDR is determined based on contact definition.
[0091] The disclosure also provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to B7-H3. The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof contain a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VH sequence, and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%identical to a selected VL sequence. In some embodiments, the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 23, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 24, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22. In some embodiments, the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 25, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0092] To determine the percent identity of two amino acid sequences, or of two nucleic acid sequences, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in one or both of a first and a second amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment and non-homologous sequences can be disregarded for comparison purposes) . The amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide as the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at that position. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences, taking into account the number of gaps, and the length of each gap, which need to be introduced for optimal alignment of the two sequences. For example, the comparison of sequences and determination of percent identity between two sequences can be accomplished using a Blossum 62 scoring matrix with a gap penalty of 12, a gap extend penalty of 4, and a frameshift gap penalty of 5.
[0093] The disclosure also provides nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or an immunoglobulin light chain. The immunoglobulin heavy chain or immunoglobulin light chain comprises CDRs as shown in FIG. 1, or FIG. 2, or have sequences as shown in FIG. 3. When the polypeptides are paired with corresponding polypeptide (e.g., a corresponding heavy chain variable region or a corresponding light chain variable region) , the paired polypeptides bind to B7-H3 (e.g., human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3) .
[0094] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof can have 3 VH CDRs that are identical to the CDRs of any VH sequences as described herein. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof can have 3 VL CDRs that are identical to the CDRs of any VL sequences as described herein.
[0095] The anti-B7-H3 antibodies and antigen-binding fragments can also be antibody variants (including derivatives and conjugates) of antibodies or antibody fragments and multi-specific (e.g., bi-specific) antibodies or antibody fragments. Additional antibodies provided herein are polyclonal, monoclonal, multimeric, multi-specific (e.g., bi-specific) , human antibodies, chimeric antibodies (e.g., human-mouse chimera) , single-chain antibodies, intracellularly-made antibodies (i.e., intrabodies) , and antigen-binding fragments thereof. The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY) , class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2) , or subclass. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is an IgG antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
[0096] Fragments of antibodies are suitable for use in the methods provided so long as they retain the desired affinity and specificity of the full-length antibody. Thus, a fragment of an antibody that binds to B7-H3 will retain an ability to bind to B7-H3. An Fv fragment is an antibody fragment which contains a complete antigen recognition and binding site. This region consists of a dimer of one heavy and one light chain variable domain in tight association, which can be covalent in nature, for example in scFv. It is in this configuration that the three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define an antigen binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer. Collectively, the six CDRs or a subset thereof confer antigen binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) can have the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although usually at a lower affinity than the entire binding site. Single-chain Fv or (scFv) antibody fragments comprise the VH and VL domains (or regions) of antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Generally, the scFv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains, which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding.
[0097] The present disclosure also provides an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that cross-competes with any antibody or antigen-binding fragment as described herein. The cross-competing assay is known in the art, and is described e.g., in Moore et al., "Antibody cross-competition analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein. " Journal of Virology 70.3 (1996) : 1863-1872, which is incorporated herein reference in its entirety. In one aspect, the present disclosure also provides an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope or region as any antibody or antigen-binding fragment as described herein. The epitope binning assay is known in the art, and is described e.g., in Estep et al. "High throughput solution-based measurement of antibody-antigen affinity and epitope binning. " MAbs. Vol. 5. No. 2. Taylor&Francis, 2013, which is incorporated herein reference in its entirety.
[0098] Antibodies and Antigen Binding Fragments
[0099] The present disclosure provides various antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof derived from anti-B7-H3 antibodies described herein. In general, antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are made up of two classes of polypeptide chains, light chains and heavy chains. A non-limiting example of antibody of the present disclosure can be an intact, four immunoglobulin chain antibody comprising two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chain of the antibody can be of any isotype including IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, or IgD or sub-isotype including IgG1, IgG2, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgG4, IgE1, IgE2, etc. The light chain can be a kappa light chain or a lambda light chain. An antibody can comprise two identical copies of a light chain and two identical copies of a heavy chain. The heavy chains, which each contain one variable domain (or variable region, VH) and multiple constant domains (or constant regions) , bind to one another via disulfide bonding within their constant domains to form the “stem” of the antibody. The light chains, which each contain one variable domain (or variable region, VL) and one constant domain (or constant region) , each bind to one heavy chain via disulfide binding. The variable region of each light chain is aligned with the variable region of the heavy chain to which it is bound. The variable regions of both the light chains and heavy chains contain three hypervariable regions sandwiched between more conserved framework regions (FR) .
[0100] These hypervariable regions, known as the complementary determining regions (CDRs) , form loops that comprise the antigen binding surface of the antibody. The four framework regions largely adopt a beta-sheet conformation and the CDRs form loops connecting the beta-sheet structure, and in some cases forming part of, the beta-sheet structure. The CDRs in each chain are held in close proximity by the framework regions and, with the CDRs from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding region.
[0101] Methods for identifying the CDR regions of an antibody by analyzing the amino acid sequence of the antibody are well known, and a number of definitions of the CDRs are commonly used. The Kabat definition is based on sequence variability, and the Chothia definition is based on the location of the structural loop regions. These methods and definitions are described in, e.g., Martin, "Protein sequence and structure analysis of antibody variable domains, " Antibody engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001.422-439; Abhinandan, et al. "Analysis and improvements to Kabat and structurally correct numbering of antibody variable domains, " Molecular immunology 45.14 (2008) : 3832-3839; Wu, T. T. and Kabat, E.A. (1970) J. Exp. Med. 132: 211-250; Martin et al., Methods Enzymol. 203: 121-53 (1991) ; Morea et al., Biophys Chem. 68 (1-3) : 9-16 (Oct. 1997) ; Morea et al., J Mol Biol. 275 (2) : 269-94 (Jan. 1998) ; Chothia et al., Nature 342 (6252) : 877-83 (Dec. 1989) ; Ponomarenko and Bourne, BMC Structural Biology 7: 64 (2007) ; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0102] The CDRs are important for recognizing an epitope of an antigen. As used herein, an “epitope” is the smallest portion of a target molecule capable of being specifically bound by the antigen binding domain of an antibody. The minimal size of an epitope may be about three, four, five, six, or seven amino acids, but these amino acids need not be in a consecutive linear sequence of the antigen’s primary structure, as the epitope may depend on an antigen’s three-dimensional configuration based on the antigen’s secondary and tertiary structure.
[0103] In some embodiments, the antibody is an intact immunoglobulin molecule (e.g., IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM, IgD, IgE, IgA) . The IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) are highly conserved, differ in their constant region, particularly in their hinges and upper CH2 domains. The sequences and differences of the IgG subclasses are known in the art, and are described, e.g., in Vidarsson, et al, "IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. " Frontiers in immunology 5 (2014) ; Irani, et al. "Molecular properties of human IgG subclasses and their implications for designing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against infectious diseases. " Molecular immunology 67.2 (2015) : 171-182; Shakib, Farouk, ed. The human IgG subclasses: molecular analysis of structure, function and regulation. Elsevier, 2016; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0104] The antibody can also be an immunoglobulin molecule that is derived from any species (e.g., human, rodent, mouse, camelid) . Antibodies disclosed herein also include, but are not limited to, polyclonal, monoclonal, monospecific, polyspecific antibodies, and chimeric antibodies that include an immunoglobulin binding domain fused to another polypeptide. The term “antigen binding domain” or “antigen binding fragment” is a portion of an antibody that retains specific binding activity of the intact antibody, i.e., any portion of an antibody that is capable of specific binding to an epitope on the intact antibody’s target molecule. It includes, e.g., Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, and variants of these fragments. Thus, in some embodiments, an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof can be, e.g., a scFv, a Fv, a Fd, a dAb, a bispecific antibody, a bispecific scFv, a diabody, a linear antibody, a single-chain antibody molecule, a multi-specific antibody formed from antibody fragments, and any polypeptide that includes a binding domain which is, or is homologous to, an antibody binding domain. Non-limiting examples of antigen binding domains include, e.g., the heavy chain and / or light chain CDRs of an intact antibody, the heavy and / or light chain variable regions of an intact antibody, full length heavy or light chains of an intact antibody, or an individual CDR from either the heavy chain or the light chain of an intact antibody.
[0105] Fragments of antibodies are suitable for use in the methods described herein are also provided. The Fab fragment contains a variable and constant domain of the light chain and a variable domain and the first constant domain (CH1) of the heavy chain. F (ab') 2 antibody fragments comprise a pair of Fab fragments which are generally covalently linked near their carboxy termini by hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known in the art.
[0106] Diabodies are small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a VH connected to a VL in the same polypeptide chain (VH and VL) . By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites.
[0107] Linear antibodies comprise a pair of tandem Fd segments (VH-CH1-VH-CH1) which, together with complementary light chain polypeptides, form a pair of antigen binding regions. Linear antibodies can be bispecific or monospecific.
[0108] Antibodies and antibody fragments of the present disclosure can be modified in the Fc region to provide desired effector functions or serum half-life. In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can comprise one, two, or three heavy chain variable region CDRs selected from FIGS. 1-2. In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can comprise one, two, or three light chain variable region CDRs selected from FIGS. 1-2.
[0109] Multimerization of antibodies may be accomplished through natural aggregation of antibodies or through chemical or recombinant linking techniques known in the art. For example, some percentage of purified antibody preparations (e.g., purified IgG1 molecules) spontaneously form protein aggregates containing antibody homodimers and other higher-order antibody multimers.
[0110] Alternatively, antibody homodimers may be formed through chemical linkage techniques known in the art. For example, heterobifunctional crosslinking agents including, but not limited to SMCC (succinimidyl 4- (maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate) and SATA (N-succinimidyl S-acethylthio-acetate) can be used to form antibody multimers. An exemplary protocol for the formation of antibody homodimers is described in Ghetie et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94: 7509-7514, 1997) . Antibody homodimers can be converted to Fab’ 2 homodimers through digestion with pepsin. Another way to form antibody homodimers is through the use of the autophilic T15 peptide described in Zhao et al. (J. Immunol. 25: 396-404, 2002) .
[0111] In some embodiments, the multi-specific antibody is a bi-specific antibody. Bi-specific antibodies can be made by engineering the interface between a pair of antibody molecules to maximize the percentage of heterodimers that are recovered from recombinant cell culture. For example, the interface can contain at least a part of the CH3 domain of an antibody constant domain. In this method, one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the large side chain (s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine) . This provides a mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers. This method is described, e.g., in WO 96 / 27011, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0112] The antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can also have various forms. Many different formats of antigen binding constructs are known in the art, and are described e.g., in Suurs, et al. "A review of bispecific antibodies and antibody constructs in oncology and clinical challenges, " Pharmacology&therapeutics (2019) , which is incorporated herein by reference in the entirety.
[0113] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof is a BiTe, a (scFv) 2, a nanobody, a nanobody-HSA, a DART, a TandAb, a scDiabody, a scDiabody-CH3, scFv-CH-CL-scFv, a HSAbody, scDiabody-HAS, or a tandem-scFv. In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof is a VHH-scAb, a VHH-Fab, a Dual scFab, a F (ab’ ) 2, a diabody, a crossMab, a DAF (two-in-one) , a DAF (four-in-one) , a DutaMab, a DT-IgG, a knobs-in-holes common light chain, a knobs-in-holes assembly, a charge pair, a Fab-arm exchange, a SEEDbody, a LUZ-Y, a Fcab, aκλ-body, an orthogonal Fab, a DVD-IgG, a IgG (H) -scFv, a scFv- (H) IgG, IgG (L) -scFv, scFv- (L) IgG, IgG (L, H) -Fv, IgG (H) -V, V (H) -IgG, IgG (L) -V, V (L) -IgG, KIH IgG-scFab, 2scFv-IgG, IgG-2scFv, scFv4-Ig, Zybody, DVI-IgG, Diabody-CH3, a triple body, a miniantibody, a minibody, a TriBi minibody, scFv-CH3 KIH, Fab-scFv, a F (ab’ ) 2-scFv2, a scFv-KIH, a Fab-scFv-Fc, a tetravalent HCAb, a scDiabody-Fc, a Diabody-Fc, a tandem scFv-Fc, an Intrabody, a dock and lock, a lmmTAC, an IgG-IgG conjugate, a Cov-X-Body, or a scFv1-PEG-scFv2.
[0114] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can be a TrioMab. In a TrioMab, the two heavy chains are from different species, wherein different sequences restrict the heavy-light chain pairing.
[0115] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof has two different heavy chains and one common light chain. Heterodimerization of heavy chains can be based on the knobs-into-holes or some other heavy chain pairing technique.
[0116] In some embodiments, CrossMAb technique can be used produce bispecific antibodies. CrossMAb technique can be used enforce correct light chain association in bispecific heterodimeric IgG antibodies, this technique allows the generation of various bispecific antibody formats, including bi- (1+1) , tri- (2+1) and tetra- (2+2) valent bispecific antibodies, as well as non-Fc tandem antigen-binding fragment (Fab) -based antibodies. These formats can be derived from any existing antibody pair using domain crossover, without the need for the identification of common light chains, post-translational processing / in vitro chemical assembly or the introduction of a set of mutations enforcing correct light chain association. The method is described in Klein et al., "The use of CrossMAb technology for the generation of bi-and multispecific antibodies. " MAbs. Vol. 8. No. 6. Taylor&Francis, 2016, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the CH1 in the heavy chain and the CL domain in the light chain are swapped.
[0117] The antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can be a Duobody. The Fab-exchange mechanism naturally occurring in IgG4 antibodies is mimicked in a controlled matter in IgG1 antibodies, a mechanism called controlled Fab exchange. This format can ensure specific pairing between the heavy-light chains.
[0118] In Dual-variable-domain antibody (DVD-Ig) , additional VH and variable light chain (VL) domain are added to each N-terminus for bispecific targeting. This format resembles the IgG-scFv, but the added binding domains are bound individually to their respective N-termini instead of a scFv to each heavy chain N-terminus.
[0119] In scFv-IgG, the two scFv are connected to the C-terminus of the heavy chain (CH3) . The scFv-IgG format has two different bivalent binding sites and is consequently also called tetravalent. There are no heavy-chain and light-chain pairing problem in the scFv-IgG.
[0120] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can be have a IgG-IgG format. Two intact IgG antibodies are conjugated by chemically linking the C-terminals of the heavy chains.
[0121] The antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can also have a Fab-scFv-Fc format. In Fab-scFv-Fc format, a light chain, heavy chain and a third chain containing the Fc region and the scFv are assembled. It can ensure efficient manufacturing and purification.
[0122] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof can be a TF. Three Fab fragments are linked by disulfide bridges. Two fragments target the tumor associated antigen (TAA) and one fragment targets a hapten. The TF format does not have an Fc region.
[0123] ADAPTIR has two scFvs bound to each side of an Fc region. It abandons the intact IgG as a basis for its construct but conserves the Fc region to extend the half-life and facilitate purification.
[0124] Bispecific T cell Engager ( “BiTE” ) consists of two scFvs, VLA VHA and VHB VLB on one peptide chain. It has only binding domains, no Fc region.
[0125] In BiTE-Fc, an Fc region is fused to the BiTE construct. The addition of Fc region enhances half-life leading to longer effective concentrations, avoiding continuous IV.
[0126] Dual affinity retargeting (DART) has two peptide chains connecting the opposite fragments, thus VLA with VHB and VLB with VHA, and a sulfur bond at their C-termini fusing them together. In DART, the sulfur bond can improve stability over BiTEs.
[0127] In DART-Fc, an Fc region is attached to the DART structure. It can be generated by assembling three chains, two via a disulfide bond, as with the DART. One chain contains half of the Fc region which will dimerize with the third chain, only expressing the Fc region. The addition of Fc region enhances half-life leading to longer effective concentrations, avoiding continuous IV.
[0128] In tetravalent DART, four peptide chains are assembled. Basically, two DART molecules are created with half an Fc region and will dimerize. This format has bivalent binding to both targets, thus it is a tetravalent molecule.
[0129] Tandem diabody (TandAb) comprises two diabodies. Each diabody consists of an VHA and VLB fragment and a VHA and VLB fragment that are covalently associated. The two diabodies are linked with a peptide chain. It can improve stability over the diabody consisting of two scFvs. It has two bivalent binding sites.
[0130] The ScFv-scFv-toxin includes toxin and two scFv with a stabilizing linker. It can be used for specific delivery of payload.
[0131] In modular scFv-scFv-scFv, one scFv directed against the TAA is tagged with a short recognizable peptide is assembled to a bsAb consisting of two scFvs, one directed against CD3 and one against the recognizable peptide.
[0132] In ImmTAC, a stabilized and soluble T cell receptor is fused to a scFv recognizing CD3. By using a TCR, the ImmTAC is suitable to target processed, e.g. intracellular, proteins.
[0133] Tri-specific nanobody has two single variable domains (nanobodies) with an additional module for half-life extension. The extra module is added to enhance half-life.
[0134] In Trispecific Killer Engager (TriKE) , two scFvs are connected via polypeptide linkers incorporating human IL-15. The linker to IL-15 is added to increase survival and proliferation of NKs.
[0135] Any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein may be conjugated to a stabilizing molecule (e.g., a molecule that increases the half-life of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in a subject or in solution) . Non-limiting examples of stabilizing molecules include: a polymer (e.g., a polyethylene glycol) or a protein (e.g., serum albumin, such as human serum albumin) . The conjugation of a stabilizing molecule can increase the half-life or extend the biological activity of an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment in vitro (e.g., in tissue culture or when stored as a pharmaceutical composition) or in vivo (e.g., in a human) .
[0136] In some embodiments, the antigen binding fragment can form a part of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) . In some embodiments, the chimeric antigen receptor are fusions of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) as described herein, fused to CD3-zeta transmembrane-and endodomain. In some embodiments, the chimeric antigen receptor also comprises intracellular signaling domains from various costimulatory protein receptors (e.g., CD28, 41BB, ICOS) . In some embodiments, the chimeric antigen receptor comprises multiple signaling domains, e.g., CD3z-CD28-41BB or CD3z-CD28-OX40, to increase potency. Thus, in one aspect, the disclosure further provides cells (e.g., T cells) that express the chimeric antigen receptors as described herein.
[0137] In some embodiments, the scFv has one heavy chain variable domain, and one light chain variable domain. In some embodiments, the scFv has two heavy chain variable domains, and two light chain variable domains. In some embodiments, the scFv has two antigen binding regions (Antigen binding regions: A and B) , and the two antigen binding regions can bind to the respective target antigens with different affinities.
[0138] In some embodiments, sequences (e.g., CDRs or VH / VL sequences) of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein can be used to generate a bispecific antibody targeting B7-H3 and an addition antigen (e.g., OX40, CD28, CD3, 4-1BB, CD314, CD47, PD-1, CTLA4, CD40 or PD-L1) . In some embodiments, the antibody has a common light chain.
[0139] In some embodiments, the antibodies, the antigen-binding fragments thereof, or the ADCs described herein can bind to one or more antigens or one or more epitopes. In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein (e.g., 20H8 and 21A9) can bind to the same epitope or epitopes that are substantially identical.
[0140] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof have a heavy chain constant region that is at least 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 26.
[0141] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein has a common light chain.
[0142] The anti-B7-H3 antibodies (e.g., 19A1, 20H8, and 21A9) in the present disclosure are human antibodies produced in mice. Because these antibodies have an identical fully-humanized common light chain, anti-B7-H3 antibodies were generated to possess two identical or different heavy chain variable regions targeting B7-H3 (e.g., any one of the VH targeting B7-H3 described herein) , and two identical common light chain variable regions. Exemplary antibodies obtained are shown in FIGS. 1-3. In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antigen-binding domain comprising the CDRs of an anti-B7-H3 antibody as indicated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antigen-binding domain comprises the VH and VL of an anti-B7-H3 antibody as indicated in FIG. 3.
[0143] In some embodiments, these B7-H3 antibodies all exhibited good endocytosis rates in cancer cell lines.
[0144] Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs)
[0145] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can be conjugated to a therapeutic agent, optionally with a linker, to form an antibody-drug conjugate. The antibody-drug conjugate comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can covalently or non-covalently bind to a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic or cytostatic agent (e.g., monomethyl auristatin E, monomethyl auristatin F, camptothecin, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin, maytansinoids such as DM-1 and DM-4, dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1-dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoids, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, puromycin, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide and analogs) . In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is MMAE or MMAF.
[0146] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purpose of this invention, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Edition, inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
[0147] All ranges cited herein are inclusive, unless expressly stated to the contrary. When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example, “C1-6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-6, C1-5, C1-4, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3-4, C4-6, C4-5, and C5-6.
[0148] The compounds or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present disclosure may have one or more chiral (asymmetric) centers. The present invention encompasses all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present invention. Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present invention can all independently of one another have (R) or (S) configuration. When bonds to a chiral carbon are depicted as straight lines in the structural formulas, or when a compound name is recited without an (R) or (S) chiral designation for a chiral carbon, it is understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations of each such chiral carbon, and hence each enantiomer or diastereomer and mixtures thereof, are embraced within the formula or by the name.
[0149] The disclosure includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the disclosure in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios. In the case of a cis / trans isomerism the disclosure includes both the cis form and the trans form as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios. The preparation of individual stereoisomers can be carried out, if desired, by separation of a mixture by customary methods, for example by chromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemically uniform starting materials for the synthesis or by stereoselective synthesis. Optionally a derivatization can be carried out before a separation of stereoisomers. The separation of a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out at an intermediate step during the synthesis of a compound or it can be done on a final racemic product. Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing a stereogenic center of known configuration. Alternatively, absolute stereochemistry may be determined by Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy analysis.
[0150] Unless otherwise stated, the structures depicted herein are also meant to include the compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms, in other words, the compounds wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature. Such compounds are referred to as a “isotopic variant” . The present disclosure is intended to include all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopic variants of the compounds or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present invention. Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the present invention include, but not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2H (i.e., D) and 3H; carbon, such as 11C, 13C, and 14C; chlorine, such as 36Cl; fluorine, such as 18F; iodine, such as 123I and 125I; nitrogen, such as 13N and 15N; oxygen, such as 15O, 17O, and 18O; phosphorus, such as 32P; and sulfur, such as 35S. Certain isotopic variants of the compounds or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present disclosure, for example those incorporating a radioactive isotope, may be useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution studies. Particularly, compounds having the depicted structures that differ only in the replacement with heavier isotopes, such as the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium (2H, or D) , can afford certain therapeutic advantages, for example, resulting from greater metabolic stability, increased in vivo half-life, or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be utilized in some particular circumstances. Isotopic variants of compounds or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present disclosure can generally be prepared by techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples and synthesis using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
[0151] The compounds as provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulas and specific compounds. In addition, the compounds of the present disclosure may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the disclosure. These include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, prodrugs, solvated forms, different crystal forms or polymorphs, and active metabolites, etc.
[0152] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise stated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acid / base form of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include salts formed with inorganic bases or acids and organic bases or acids. In cases where the compounds of the present disclosure contain one or more acidic or basic groups, the disclosure also comprises their corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Thus, the compounds of the present invention which contain acidic groups, such as carboxyl groups, can be present in salt form, and can be used according to the invention, for example, as alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, aluminum salts or as ammonium salts. More non-limiting examples of such salts include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts, or salts with ammonia or organic amines such as ethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, piperidine, N-methylglutamine, or amino acids. These salts are readily available, for instance, by reacting the compound having an acidic group with a suitable base, e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium propoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium ethoxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide. Other base salts of compounds of the present disclosure include but are not limited to copper (I) , copper (II) , iron (II) , iron (III) , manganese (II) , and zinc salts. Compounds of the present disclosure which contain one or more basic groups, e.g., groups which can be protonated, can be present in salt form, and can be used according to the disclosure in the form of their addition salts with inorganic or organic acids. Examples of suitable acids include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, sulfoacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid, diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, embonic acid, mandelic acid, sulfaminic acid, phenylpropionic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, isonicotinic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, taurocholic acid, glutaric acid, stearic acid, glutamic acid, or aspartic acid, and other acids known to those skilled in the art. The salts which are formed are, inter alia, hydrochlorides, chlorides, hydrobromides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, phosphates, methanesulfonates (mesylates) , tosylates, carbonates, bicarbonates, formates, acetates, sulfoacetates, triflates, oxalates, malonates, maleates, succinates, tartrates, malates, embonates, mandelates, fumarates, lactates, citrates, glutarates, stearates, aspartates, and glutamates. The stoichiometry of the salts formed from the compounds of the disclosure may moreover be an integral or non-integral multiple of one.
[0153] Compounds of the present disclosure which contain basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized using agents such as C1-4alkyl halides, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl chloride, bromide, and iodide; diC1-4alkyl sulfates, for example, dimethyl, diethyl, and diamyl sulfate; C10-18alkyl halides, for example, decyl, dodecyl, lauryl, myristyl, and stearyl chloride, bromide, and iodide; and arylC1-4alkyl halides, for example, benzyl chloride and phenethyl bromide.
[0154] If the compounds of the present disclosure simultaneously contain acidic and basic groups in the molecule, the disclosure also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned, inner salts or betaines (zwitterions) . The respective salts can be obtained by customary methods which are known to those skilled in the art, for example by contacting these with an organic or inorganic acid or base in a solvent or dispersant, or by anion exchange or cation exchange with other salts. The present disclosure also includes all salts of the compounds of the present disclosure which, owing to low physiological compatibility, are not directly suitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for example, as intermediates for chemical reactions or for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. For a review on more suitable salts, see Stahl and Wermuth, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (Wiley-VCH, 2002) .
[0155] The compound or any formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present disclosure and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may exist in unsolvated and solvated forms. As used herein, the term “solvate” refers to a molecular complex comprising the compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules. For example, the term “hydrate” is employed when the solvent is water.
[0156] Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the present disclosure may include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g., D2O, d6-acetone, d6-DMSO.
[0157] Linker (linking agent compound)
[0158] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is conjugated via a linker (or a linking agent compound) . As used herein, the term “linker” or “linking agent compound” refers to a compound that can connect a ligand (e.g., the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein) and a therapeutic agent (e.g., any of the therapeutic agents described herein) together to form a ligand-drug conjugate by reacting with a group of the ligand compound and the therapeutic agent compound respectively by, for example, a coupling reaction.
[0159] In some embodiments, the linker described herein is a compound having the following formula:
[0160] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopic variant thereof, wherein Q denotes to a junction moiety capable of being coupled to a ligand via a bond selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, thioether, amide, disulfide and hydrazone bond; L denotes to a linker moiety capable of connecting Q to a therapeutic agent.
[0161] In some embodiments, the junction moiety (Q in Formula (I) ) has the following structure:
[0162] In some embodiments, the linker moiety (L in Formula (I) ) has the following formula:
[0163] where L1 is a polypeptide residue consisting of three to eight amino acid residues which comprises at least one amino acid residue with a side chain carboxyl group, for example, glutamic acid residue or aspartic acid residue, where “-COOH” denotes carboxyl group of an amino acid residue at C-terminal of the polypeptide residue;
[0164] L2 is absent or a monodentate, bidentate or tridentate hydrophilic group attached to the side chain carboxyl group on the amino acid residue of the polypeptide residue L1, and L2 has a structure of-NHC (RL2a) (RL2b) (RL2c) , where RL2a, RL2b, and RL2c are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, - (CH2O) (CH2CH2O) m (CH2) pC (O) OH, and- (CH2O) (CH2CH2O) m (CH2) pC (O) NHRL2d, RL2d is H or C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 6 hydroxy groups, each m is independently an integer from 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 4, for example 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, especially preferably m is 0, and each p is independent an integer from 1 to 4, for example, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
[0165] denotes to the N-terminal side of the polypeptide residue covalently attached to the junction moiety Q.
[0166] In some embodiments, the polypeptide residue L1 is NH-Glu-Val-Ala-COOH. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic group L2has the following structure:
[0167] wherein “*” denotes the site covalently attached to polypeptide residue L1, e.g., side chain of the Glu residue in NH-Glu-Val-Ala-COOH.
[0168] In some embodiments, the linker described herein is a compound having the following structure:
[0169] In some embodiments, the linker is a VC linker. Details of the linkers used for ADCs can be found, e.g., in Su, Z. et al. "Antibody–drug conjugates: Recent advances in linker chemistry. " Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021) , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0170] Therapeutic agent
[0171] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent that is conjugated to the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein is discussed as follows.
[0172] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent described herein is a cytotoxic agent. In some embodiments, the cytotoxic agent is a camptothecin compound, an analogue or a derivative thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the camptothecin compound is a compound having the following structure:
[0173] wherein X is selected from the group consisting of-CH2-, O and S; Y is selected from the group consisting of H, D, and F.
[0174] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is (S) -4-amino-9-ethyl-9-hydroxy-1, 9, 12, 15-tetrahydro-13H-pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] thiop yrano [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-10, 13 (2H) -dione) (CPT-1) . The structure of CPT-1 is shown below:
[0175] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is (S) -4-amino-9-ethyl-9-hydroxy-1, 9, 12, 15-tetrahydro-13H-pyrano [4, 3, 2-de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indol izino [1, 2-b] quinoline-10, 13 (2H) -dione (CPT-2) . The structure of CPT-2 is shown below:
[0176] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is (S) -4-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-1, 9, 12, 15-tetrahydro-13H-pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] thiopyrano [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-10, 13 (2H) -dione (CPT3) . The structure of CPT-3 is shown below:
[0177] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is (S) -4-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-1, 9, 12, 15-tetrahydro-13H-pyrano [4, 3, 2-de] pyrano [3', 4': 6,7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinoline-10, 13 (2H) -dione (CPT-4) . The structure of CPT-4 is shown below:
[0178] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is an auristatin, such as auristatin E (also known in the art as a derivative of dolastatin-10) or a derivative thereof. The auristatin can be, for example, an ester formed between auristatin E and a keto acid. For example, auristatin E can be reacted with paraacetyl benzoic acid or benzoylvaleric acid to produce AEB and AEVB, respectively. Other typical auristatins include AFP, MMAF, and MMAE. The synthesis and structure of exemplary auristatins are described in U. S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-0083263; International Patent Publication No. WO 04 / 010957, International Patent Publication No. WO 02 / 088172, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,498,298, 6,884,869, 6,323,315; 6,239,104; 6,034,065; 5,780,588; 5,665,860; 5,663,149; 5,635,483; 5,599,902; 5,554,725; 5,530,097; 5,521,284; 5,504,191; 5,410,024; 5,138,036; 5,076,973; 4,986,988; 4,978,744; 4,879,278; 4,816,444; and 4,486,414, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and for all purposes.
[0179] Auristatins have been shown to interfere with microtubule dynamics and nuclear and cellular division and have anticancer activity. Auristatins bind tubulin and can exert a cytotoxic or cytostatic effect on cancer cell. There are a number of different assays, known in the art, which can be used for determining whether an auristatin or resultant antibody-drug conjugate exerts a cytostatic or cytotoxic effect on a desired cell.
[0180] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent. Examples of chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXANTM) ; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylolomelamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, ranimustine; antibiotics such as aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, calicheamicin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) ; folic acid analogues such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, 5-FU; androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfornithine; elliptinium acetate; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidamine; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK7; razoxane; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2’, 2’ , 2’ -trichlorotriethylamine; urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside ( “Ara-C” ) ; cyclophosphamide; taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel ( Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J. ) and doxetaxel ( Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France) ; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16) ; ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine; novantrone; teniposide; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda; ibandronate; CPT-11; topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO) ; retinoic acid; esperamicins; capecitabine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above. Also included in this definition are anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens including for example tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4 (5) -imidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY117018, onapristone, and toremifene (Fareston) ; and anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above. A detailed description of the chemotherapeutic agents can be found in, e.g., US20180193477A1, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0181] Linker-Therapeutic agent compound
[0182] In some embodiments, a linker (e.g., any of the linkers described herein) and a therapeutic agent (e.g., any of the therapeutic agents described herein) can be linked to form a “linker-therapeutic agent” compound.
[0183] In some embodiments, the linker-therapeutic agent compound has the following structure:
[0184] In some embodiments, the linker-therapeutic agent compound has the following structure:
[0185] In some embodiments, an antibody ( “Ab” ) , e.g., any of the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein, can be linked to a linker-therapeutic agent compound (e.g., any of the linker-therapeutic agent compounds described herein) to generate an antibody-drug conjugate. In some embodiments, the antibody-drug conjugate has the following structure:
[0186] wherein n=1-8. In some embodiments, n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. In some embodiments, n is about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8. In some embodiments, n is about 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-8, 6-7, or 7-8. In some embodiments, n is an integral or non-integral multiple of one.
[0187] Antibody and ADC Characteristics
[0188] The disclosure provides antibodies, antigen-binding fragments thereof, and ADCs thereof that specifically bind to B7-H3 (e.g., any of the human B7-H3 proteins or isoforms described herein) . These antibodies can be agonists or antagonists. In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can bind to B7-H3, and block the binding between B7-H3 and its receptors (largely unknown) . By blocking the binding between B7-H3 and its receptors, the anti-B7-H3 antibodies can inhibit the B7-H3-associated signaling pathway and thus treating cancer. In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can provide specificity to B7-H3-expressing cancer cells such that the conjugated therapeutic agent (e.g., any therapeutic agents described herein) in ADCs can be enriched in close proximity to the cancer cells for effective killing. In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof can initiate CDC or ADCC.
[0189] General techniques can be used to measure the affinity of an antibody for an antigen include, e.g., ELISA, RIA, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) . Affinities can be deduced from the quotient of the kinetic rate constants (KD=koff / kon) . In some implementations, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can bind to B7-H3 (e.g., human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, dog B7-H3, and / or chimeric B7-H3) with a dissociation rate (koff) of less than 0.1 s-1, less than 0.01 s-1, less than 0.001 s-1, less than 0.0001 s-1, or less than 0.00001 s-1. In some embodiments, the dissociation rate (koff) is greater than 0.01 s-1, greater than 0.001 s-1, greater than 0.0001 s-1, greater than 0.00001 s-1, or greater than 0.000001 s-1.
[0190] In some embodiments, kinetic association rates (kon) are greater than 1×102 / Ms, greater than 1×103 / Ms, greater than 1×104 / Ms, greater than 1×105 / Ms, or greater than 1×106 / Ms. In some embodiments, kinetic association rates (kon) are less than 1×105 / Ms, less than 1×106 / Ms, or less than 1×107 / Ms.
[0191] Affinities can be deduced from the quotient of the kinetic rate constants (KD=koff / kon) . In some embodiments, KD is less than 1×10-6M, less than 1×10-7M, less than 1×10-8 M, less than 1×10-9 M, or less than 1×10-10 M. In some embodiments, the KD is less than 50 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 15 nM, 10 nM, 9 nM, 8 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, or 1 nM. In some embodiments, KD is greater than 1×10-7M, greater than 1×10-8M, greater than 1×10-9 M, greater than 1×10-10 M, greater than 1×10-11 M, or greater than 1×10-12 M.
[0192] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein binds to human B7-H3 (4Ig) (SEQ ID NO: 33) , human B7-H3 (2Ig) (SEQ ID NO: 34) , mouse B7-H3 (SEQ ID NO: 35) , monkey B7-H3 (SEQ ID NO: 36) , and / or dog B7-H3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 37) . In some embodiments, the antibody does not bind to human B7-H3 (4Ig) , B7-H3 (2Ig) , mouse B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3.
[0193] Unlike MGC-018 analog, in some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein can specifically bind to B7-H3, but not other B7-H3 family proteins, e.g., CD80, CD86, PD-L1, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, or B7-H7. In some embodiments, these B7-H3 family proteins are from human, mouse, monkey, or dog. It is contemplated that the specificity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein to B7-H3, but not other B7-H3 family proteins, is caused by specific binding to B7-H3 epitopes that are not shared among other B7-H3 family proteins.
[0194] Thermal stabilities can also be determined. The antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein can have a Tm greater than 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, or 95℃. As IgG can be described as a multi-domain protein, the melting curve sometimes shows two transitions, with a first denaturation temperature, Tm D1, and a second denaturation temperature Tm D2. The presence of these two peaks often indicate the denaturation of the Fc domains (Tm D1) and Fab domains (Tm D2) , respectively. When there are two peaks, Tm usually refers to Tm D2. Thus, in some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments as described herein has a Tm D1 greater than 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, or 95℃. In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments as described herein has a Tm D2 greater than 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, or 95℃. In some embodiments, Tm, Tm D1, Tm D2 are less than 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, or 95℃.
[0195] In some embodiments, the antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof described herein has a purity that is greater than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 72.5%, 75%, 77.5%, 80%, 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, e.g., as measured by HPLC. In some embodiments, the purity is less than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 72.5%, 75%, 77.5%, 80%, 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, e.g., as measured by HPLC.
[0196] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein has a tumor growth inhibition percentage (TGITV%) that is greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 160%, 170%, 180%, 190%, or 200%. In some embodiments, the antibody has a tumor growth inhibition percentage that is less than 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 160%, 170%, 180%, 190%, or 200%. The TGI%can be determined, e.g., at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 days after the treatment starts, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months after the treatment starts. As used herein, the tumor growth inhibition percentage (TGI%) is calculated using the following formula: TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Vi-V0) ] ×100%
[0197] Ti is the average tumor volume in the treatment group on Day i. T0 is the average tumor volume in the treatment group on Day zero. Vi is the average tumor volume in the control group on Day i. V0 is the average tumor volume in the control group on Day zero.
[0198] In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof as described herein are B7-H3 antagonist. In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof as described herein are B7-H3 agonist.
[0199] In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof as described herein are not toxic.
[0200] In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments can induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and / or antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) , and kill the tumor cell.
[0201] In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments have a functional Fc region. In some embodiments, effector function of a functional Fc region is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) . In some embodiments, effector function of a functional Fc region is phagocytosis. In some embodiments, effector function of a functional Fc region is ADCC and phagocytosis. In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments can induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) . In some embodiments, the Fc region is human IgG1, human IgG2, human IgG3, or human IgG4. In some embodiments, the antibody is a human IgG1 antibody.
[0202] In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments do not have a functional Fc region. For example, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments are Fab, Fab’ , F (ab’ ) 2, and Fv fragments. In some embodiments, the protein constructs as described herein have an Fc region without effector function. In some embodiments, the Fc is a human IgG4 Fc. In some embodiments, the Fc does not have a functional Fc region. For example, the Fc region has LALA mutations (L234A and L235A mutations in EU numbering) , or LALA-PG mutations (L234A, L235A, P329G mutations in EU numbering) .
[0203] Some other modifications to the Fc region can be made. For example, a cysteine residue (s) can be introduced into the Fc region, thereby allowing interchain disulfide bond formation in this region. The homodimeric fusion protein thus generated may have any increased half-life in vitro and / or in vivo.
[0204] In some embodiments, the IgG4 has S228P mutation (EU numbering) . The S228P mutation prevents in vivo and in vitro IgG4 Fab-arm exchange. In some embodiments, the Fc have a SI mutation (S239D and I332E mutations in EU numbering) .
[0205] In some embodiments, Fc regions are provided having a carbohydrate structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to an Fc region. For example, the amount of fucose in such Fc region composition may be from 1%to 80%, from 1%to 65%, from 5%to 65%or from 20%to 40%. The amount of fucose is determined by calculating the average amount of fucose within the sugar chain at Asn297, relative to the sum of all glycostructures attached to Asn 297 (e.g. complex, hybrid and high mannose structures) as measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, as described in WO 2008 / 077546, for example. Asn297 refers to the asparagine residue located at about position 297 in the Fc region (Eu numbering of Fc region residues; or position 314 in Kabat numbering) ; however, Asn297 may also be located about±3 amino acids upstream or downstream of position 297, i.e., between positions 294 and 300, due to minor sequence variations in Fc region sequences. Such fucosylation variants may have improved ADCC function. In some embodiments, to reduce glycan heterogeneity, the Fc region can be further engineered to replace the Asparagine at position 297 with Alanine (N297A) .
[0206] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody described herein can be conjugated with a therapeutic agent, forming an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) . In some embodiments, the DAR of the ADCs described herein is about 7.5 to about 8.5, about 7.6 to about 8.5, about 7.7 to about 8.5, about 7.8 to about 8.5, about 7.9 to about 8.5, about 8.0 to about 8.5, about 8.1 to about 8.5, about 8.2 to about 8.5, about 8.3 to about 8.5, about 8.4 to about 8.5, about 7.5 to about 8.4, about 7.6 to about 8.4, about 7.7 to about 8.4, about 7.8 to about 8.4, about 7.9 to about 8.4, about 8.0 to about 8.4, about 8.1 to about 8.4, about 8.2 to about 8.4, about 8.3 to about 8.4, about 7.5 to about 8.3, about 7.6 to about 8.3, about 7.7 to about 8.3, about 7.8 to about 8.3, about 7.9 to about 8.3, about 8.0 to about 8.3, about 8.1 to about 8.3, about 8.2 to about 8.3, about 7.5 to about 8.2, about 7.6 to about 8.2, about 7.7 to about 8.2, about 7.8 to about 8.2, about 7.9 to about 8.2, about 8.0 to about 8.2, about 8.1 to about 8.2, about 7.5 to about 8.1, about 7.6 to about 8.1, about 7.7 to about 8.1, about 7.8 to about 8.1, about 7.9 to about 8.1, about 8.0 to about 8.1, about 7.5 to about 8.0, about 7.6 to about 8.0, about 7.7 to about 8.0, about 7.8 to about 8.0, about 7.9 to about 8.0, about 7.5 to about 7.9, about 7.6 to about 7.9, about 7.7 to about 7.9, about 7.8 to about 7.9, about 7.5 to about 7.8, about 7.6 to about 7.8, about 7.7 to about 7.8, about 7.5 to about 7.7, about 7.6 to about 7.7, or about 7.5 to about 7.6.
[0207] In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antibodies, the antigen-binding fragments thereof, or the ADCs described herein can internalize into target cells (e.g., cells lines or primary cancer cells expressing B7-H3) . In some embodiments, the target cells include any cell types described herein. In some embodiments, the internalization is achieved by endocytosis. In some embodiments, the endocytosis rate is indicated by the percentage of cells that are positive of the antibody’s signal relative to the total cell population. For example, the percentage of positive cells can be at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%. In some embodiments, the percentage of positive cells of the antibody’s signal is at least 1-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 15-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 35-fold, 40-fold, 45-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or 100-fold as compared to that of the isotype control antibody (e.g., human IgG1) .
[0208] In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 ADC described herein can inhibit in vivo cancer cell growth (e.g., lung cancer, gastric cancer, or skin cancer) in a xenograft mouse model at a dose level of less than 6 mg / kg, less than 5 mg / kg, less than 4 mg / kg, less than 3 mg / kg, less than 2 mg / kg, or less than 1 mg / kg.
[0209] Methods of Making Anti-B7-H3 Antibodies
[0210] An isolated fragment of human B7-H3 can be used as an immunogen to generate antibodies using standard techniques for polyclonal and monoclonal antibody preparation. Polyclonal antibodies can be raised in animals by multiple injections (e.g., subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections) of an antigenic peptide or protein. In some embodiments, the antigenic peptide or protein is injected with at least one adjuvant. In some embodiments, the antigenic peptide or protein can be conjugated to an agent that is immunogenic in the species to be immunized. Animals can be injected with the antigenic peptide or protein more than one time (e.g., twice, three times, or four times) .
[0211] The full-length polypeptide or protein can be used or, alternatively, antigenic peptide fragments thereof can be used as immunogens. The antigenic peptide of a protein comprises at least 8 (e.g., at least 10, 15, 20, or 30) amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of B7-H3 and encompasses an epitope of the protein such that an antibody raised against the peptide forms a specific immune complex with the protein. As described above, the full-length sequence of human B7-H3 is known in the art (SEQ ID NO: 33) . In some embodiments, an Fc-tagged human B7-H3 protein is used as the immunogen.
[0212] An immunogen typically is used to prepare antibodies by immunizing a suitable subject (e.g., human or transgenic animal expressing at least one human immunoglobulin locus) . An appropriate immunogenic preparation can contain, for example, a recombinantly-expressed or a chemically-synthesized polypeptide (e.g., a fragment of human B7-H3) . The preparation can further include an adjuvant, such as Freund’s complete or incomplete adjuvant, or a similar immunostimulatory agent.
[0213] Polyclonal antibodies can be prepared as described above by immunizing a suitable subject with a B7-H3 polypeptide, or an antigenic peptide thereof (e.g., part of B7-H3, such as the extracellular region) as an immunogen. The antibody titer in the immunized subject can be monitored over time by standard techniques, such as with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the immobilized B7-H3 polypeptide or peptide. If desired, the antibody molecules can be isolated from the mammal (e.g., from the blood) and further purified by well-known techniques, such as protein A or protein G chromatography to obtain the IgG fraction. At an appropriate time after immunization, e.g., when the specific antibody titers are highest, antibody-producing cells can be obtained from the subject and used to prepare monoclonal antibodies by standard techniques, such as the hybridoma technique originally described by Kohler et al. (Nature 256: 495-497, 1975) , the human B cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor et al., Immunol. Today 4: 72, 1983) , the EBV-hybridoma technique (Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96, 1985) , or trioma techniques. The technology for producing hybridomas is well known (see, generally, Current Protocols in Immunology, 1994, Coligan et al. (Eds. ) , John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New York, NY) . Hybridoma cells producing a monoclonal antibody are detected by screening the hybridoma culture supernatants for antibodies that bind the polypeptide or epitope of interest, e.g., using a standard ELISA assay.
[0214] Variants of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the DNA encoding a human, humanized, or chimeric antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or by peptide synthesis. Such variants include, for example, deletions, insertions, or substitutions of residues within the amino acids sequences that make-up the antigen-binding site of the antibody or an antigen-binding domain. In a population of such variants, some antibodies or antigen-binding fragments will have increased affinity for the target protein, e.g., B7-H3. Any combination of deletions, insertions, and / or combinations can be made to arrive at an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that has increased binding affinity for the target. The amino acid changes introduced into the antibody or antigen-binding fragment can also alter or introduce new post-translational modifications into the antibody or antigen-binding fragment, such as changing (e.g., increasing or decreasing) the number of glycosylation sites, changing the type of glycosylation site (e.g., changing the amino acid sequence such that a different sugar is attached by enzymes present in a cell) , or introducing new glycosylation sites.
[0215] Antibodies disclosed herein can be derived from any species of animal, including mammals. Non-limiting examples of native antibodies include antibodies derived from humans, primates, e.g., monkeys and apes, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, camelids (e.g., camels and llamas) , chicken, goats, and rodents (e.g., rats, mice, hamsters and rabbits) , including transgenic rodents genetically engineered to produce human antibodies.
[0216] Phage display (panning) can be used to optimize antibody sequences with desired binding affinities. In this technique, a gene encoding single chain Fv (comprising VH or VL) can be inserted into a phage coat protein gene, causing the phage to"display" the scFv on its outside while containing the gene for the protein on its inside, resulting in a connection between genotype and phenotype. These displaying phages can then be screened against target antigens, in order to detect interaction between the displayed antigen binding sites and the target antigen. Thus, large libraries of proteins can be screened and amplified in a process called in vitro selection, and antibodies sequences with desired binding affinities can be obtained.
[0217] Human and humanized antibodies include antibodies having variable and constant regions derived from (or having the same amino acid sequence as those derived from) human germline immunoglobulin sequences. Human antibodies may include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo) , for example in the CDRs.
[0218] A humanized antibody, typically has a human framework (FR) grafted with non-human CDRs. Thus, a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid sequence introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as “import” residues, which are typically taken from an “import” variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed by e.g., substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody. These methods are described in e.g., Jones et al. "Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse. " Nature 321.6069 (1986) : 522; Riechmann et al. "Reshaping human antibodies for therapy. " Nature 332.6162 (1988) : 323; Dall’A cqua et al. "Antibody humanization by framework shuffling. " Methods 36.1 (2005) : 43-60; each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Accordingly, “humanized” antibodies are chimeric antibodies wherein substantially less than an intact human V domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically mouse antibodies in which some CDR residues and some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in human antibodies.
[0219] The choice of human VH and VL domains to be used in making the humanized antibodies is very important for reducing immunogenicity. According to the so-called “best-fit” method, the sequence of the V domain of a mouse antibody is screened against the entire library of known human-domain sequences. The human sequence which is closest to that of the mouse is then accepted as the human FR for the humanized antibody (Sims et al. "A humanized CD18 antibody can block function without cell destruction. " The Journal of Immunology 151.4 (1993) : 2296-2308; Chothia, et al., "Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins. " Journal of Molecular Biology 196.4 (1987) : 901-917) .
[0220] It is further important that antibodies be humanized with retention of high specificity and affinity for the antigen and other favorable biological properties. To achieve this goal, humanized antibodies can be prepared by a process of analysis of the parental sequences and various conceptual humanized products using three-dimensional models of the parental and humanized sequences. Three-dimensional immunoglobulin models are commonly available and are familiar to those skilled in the art. Computer programs are available which illustrate and display probable three-dimensional conformational structures of selected candidate immunoglobulin sequences. Inspection of these displays permits analysis of the likely role of the residues in the functioning of the candidate immunoglobulin sequence, i.e., the analysis of residues that influence the ability of the candidate immunoglobulin to bind its antigen. In this way, FR residues can be selected and combined from the recipient and import sequences so that the desired antibody characteristic, such as increased affinity for the target antigen (s) , is achieved.
[0221] Ordinarily, amino acid sequence variants of the human, humanized, or chimeric anti-B7-H3 antibody will contain an amino acid sequence having at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%percent identity with a sequence present in the light or heavy chain of the original antibody.
[0222] In some embodiments, a mouse (e.g., RenMabTM mouse) with a humanized heavy chain immunoglobulin locus and a humanized kappa chain immunoglobulin locus is used to generate antibodies. The heavy chain immunoglobulin locus is a region on the chromosome that contains genes for the heavy chains of antibodies. The locus can include e.g., human IGHV (variable) genes, human IGHD (diversity) genes, human IGHJ (joining) genes, and mouse heavy chain constant domain genes. The kappa chain immunoglobulin locus is a region on the chromosome that contains genes that encode the light chains of antibodies (kappa chain) . The kappa chain immunoglobulin locus can include e.g., human IGKV (variable) genes, human IGKJ (joining) genes, and mouse light chain constant domain genes. A detailed description regarding RenMab mice can be found in PCT / CN2020 / 075698, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The antibodies generated by the mice have a full human VH, a full human VL, and mouse constant regions. In some embodiments, the human VH and human VL is linked to human IgG constant regions (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) .
[0223] In some embodiments, a mouse (e.g., RenLiteTM mouse) with a humanized heavy chain immunoglobulin locus and a humanized kappa chain immunoglobulin locus is used to generate antibodies. The heavy chain immunoglobulin locus is a region on the chromosome that contains genes for the heavy chains of antibodies. The locus can include e.g., human IGHV (variable) genes, human IGHD (diversity) genes, human IGHJ (joining) genes, and mouse heavy chain constant domain genes. The kappa chain immunoglobulin locus is a region on the chromosome that contains genes that encode a common light chain. The kappa chain immunoglobulin locus can include e.g., a human IGKV (variable) gene, a human IGKJ (joining) gene, and mouse light chain constant domain genes. A detailed description regarding RenLiteTM mice can be found in PCT / CN2021 / 097652, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0224] Identity or homology with respect to an original sequence is usually the percentage of amino acid residues present within the candidate sequence that are identical with a sequence present within the human, humanized, or chimeric anti-B7-H3 antibody or fragment, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity.
[0225] Additional modifications to the anti-B7-H3 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments can be made. For example, a cysteine residue (s) can be introduced into the Fc region, thereby allowing interchain disulfide bond formation in this region. The homodimeric antibody thus generated may have any increased half-life in vitro and / or in vivo. Homodimeric antibodies with increased half-life in vitro and / or in vivo can also be prepared using heterobifunctional cross-linkers as described, for example, in Wolff et al. Wolff et al. ("Monoclonal antibody homodimers: enhanced antitumor activity in nude mice. " Cancer research 53.11 (1993) : 2560-2565) . Alternatively, an antibody can be engineered which has dual Fc regions.
[0226] In some embodiments, a covalent modification can be made to the anti-B7-H3 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. These covalent modifications can be made by chemical or enzymatic synthesis, or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage. Other types of covalent modifications of the antibody or antibody fragment are introduced into the molecule by reacting targeted amino acid residues of the antibody or fragment with an organic derivatization agent that is capable of reacting with selected side chains or the N-or C-terminal residues.
[0227] In some embodiments, to facilitate production efficiency by avoiding Fab-arm exchange, the Fc region of the antibodies was further engineered to replace the serine at position 228 (EU numbering) of IgG4 with proline (S228P) . A detailed description regarding S228 mutation is described, e.g., in Silva et al. "The S228P mutation prevents in vivo and in vitro IgG4 Fab-arm exchange as demonstrated using a combination of novel quantitative immunoassays and physiological matrix preparation. " Journal of Biological Chemistry 290.9 (2015) : 5462-5469, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0228] In some embodiments, the methods described here are designed to make a bispecific antibody. Bispecific antibodies can be made by engineering the interface between a pair of antibody molecules to maximize the percentage of heterodimers that are recovered from recombinant cell culture. For example, the interface can contain at least a part of the CH3 domain of an antibody constant domain. In this method, one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the large side chain (s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g., alanine or threonine) . This provides a mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers. This method is described, e.g., in WO 96 / 27011, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0229] Bispecific antibodies can also include e.g., cross-linked or “heteroconjugate” antibodies. For example, one of the antibodies in the heteroconjugate can be coupled to avidin and the other to biotin. Heteroconjugate antibodies can also be made using any convenient cross-linking methods. Suitable cross-linking agents and cross-linking techniques are well known in the art and are disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4, 676, 980, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0230] Methods for generating bispecific antibodies from antibody fragments are also known in the art. For example, bispecific antibodies can be prepared using chemical linkage. Brennan et al. (Science 229: 81, 1985) describes a procedure where intact antibodies are proteolytically cleaved to generate F (ab’ ) 2 fragments. These fragments are reduced in the presence of the dithiol complexing agent sodium arsenite to stabilize vicinal dithiols and prevent intermolecular disulfide formation. The Fab’ fragments generated are then converted to thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivatives. One of the Fab’ TNB derivatives is then reconverted to the Fab’ thiol by reduction with mercaptoethylamine, and is mixed with an equimolar amount of another Fab’ TNB derivative to form the bispecific antibody.
[0231] In some embodiments, knobs-into-holes (KIH) technology can be used, which involves engineering CH3 domains to create either a “knob” or a “hole” in each heavy chain to promote heterodimerization. The KIH technique is described e.g., in Xu, Yiren, et al. "Production of bispecific antibodies in ‘knobs-into-holes’ using a cell-free expression system. " MAbs. Vol. 7. No.1. Taylor&Francis, 2015, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, one heavy chain has a T366W, and / or S354C (knob) substitution (EU numbering) , and the other heavy chain has an Y349C, T366S, L368A, and / or Y407V (hole) substitution (EU numbering) . In some embodiments, one heavy chain has one or more of the following substitutions Y349C and T366W (EU numbering) . The other heavy chain can have one or more the following substitutions E356C, T366S, L368A, and Y407V (EU numbering) . Furthermore, asubstitution (-ppcpScp-->-ppcpPcp-) can also be introduced at the hinge regions of both substituted IgG.
[0232] Recombinant Vectors
[0233] The present disclosure also provides recombinant vectors (e.g., an expression vectors) that include an isolated polynucleotide disclosed herein (e.g., a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide disclosed herein) , host cells into which are introduced the recombinant vectors (i.e., such that the host cells contain the polynucleotide and / or a vector comprising the polynucleotide) , and the production of recombinant antibody polypeptides or fragments thereof by recombinant techniques.
[0234] As used herein, a “vector” is any construct capable of delivering one or more polynucleotide (s) of interest to a host cell when the vector is introduced to the host cell. An “expression vector” is capable of delivering and expressing the one or more polynucleotide (s) of interest as an encoded polypeptide in a host cell into which the expression vector has been introduced. Thus, in an expression vector, the polynucleotide of interest is positioned for expression in the vector by being operably linked with regulatory elements such as a promoter, enhancer, and / or a poly-A tail, either within the vector or in the genome of the host cell at or near or flanking the integration site of the polynucleotide of interest such that the polynucleotide of interest will be translated in the host cell introduced with the expression vector.
[0235] A vector can be introduced into the host cell by methods known in the art, e.g., electroporation, chemical transfection (e.g., DEAE-dextran) , transformation, transfection, and infection and / or transduction (e.g., with recombinant virus) . Thus, non-limiting examples of vectors include viral vectors (which can be used to generate recombinant virus) , naked DNA or RNA, plasmids, cosmids, phage vectors, and DNA or RNA expression vectors associated with cationic condensing agents.
[0236] In some implementations, a polynucleotide disclosed herein (e.g., a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide disclosed herein) is introduced using a viral expression system (e.g., vaccinia or other pox virus, retrovirus, or adenovirus) , which may involve the use of a non-pathogenic (defective) , replication competent virus, or may use a replication defective virus. In the latter case, viral propagation generally will occur only in complementing virus packaging cells. Suitable systems are disclosed, for example, in Fisher-Hoch et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 317-321; Flexner et al., 1989, Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci. 569: 86-103; Flexner et al., 1990, Vaccine, 8: 17-21; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,603,112, 4,769,330, and 5,017,487; WO 89 / 01973; U.S. Pat. No. 4,777,127; GB 2,200,651; EP 0,345,242; WO 91 / 02805; Berkner-Biotechniques, 6: 616-627, 1988; Rosenfeld et al., 1991, Science, 252: 431-434; Kolls et al., 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 215-219; Kass-Eisler et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 11498-11502; Guzman et al., 1993, Circulation, 88: 2838-2848; and Guzman et al., 1993, Cir. Res., 73:1202-1207. Techniques for incorporating DNA into such expression systems are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The DNA may also be “naked, ” as described, for example, in Ulmer et al., 1993, Science, 259: 1745-1749, and Cohen, 1993, Science, 259: 1691-1692. The uptake of naked DNA may be increased by coating the DNA onto biodegradable beads that are efficiently transported into the cells.
[0237] For expression, the DNA insert comprising an antibody-encoding or polypeptide-encoding polynucleotide disclosed herein can be operatively linked to an appropriate promoter (e.g., a heterologous promoter) , such as the phage lambda PL promoter, the E. coli lac, trp and tac promoters, the SV40 early and late promoters and promoters of retroviral LTRs, to name a few. Other suitable promoters are known to the skilled artisan. In some embodiments, the promoter is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The expression constructs can further contain sites for transcription initiation, termination and, in the transcribed region, a ribosome binding site for translation. The coding portion of the mature transcripts expressed by the constructs may include a translation initiating at the beginning and a termination codon (UAA, UGA, or UAG) appropriately positioned at the end of the polypeptide to be translated.
[0238] As indicated, the expression vectors can include at least one selectable marker. Such markers include dihydrofolate reductase or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture and tetracycline or ampicillin resistance genes for culturing in E. coli and other bacteria. Representative examples of appropriate hosts include, but are not limited to, bacterial cells, such as E. coli, Streptomyces, and Salmonella typhimurium cells; fungal cells, such as yeast cells; insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9 cells; animal cells such as CHO, COS, Bowes melanoma, and HK 293 cells; and plant cells. Appropriate culture mediums and conditions for the host cells described herein are known in the art.
[0239] Non-limiting vectors for use in bacteria include pQE70, pQE60 and pQE-9, available from Qiagen; pBS vectors, Phagescript vectors, Bluescript vectors, pNH8A, pNH16a, pNH18A, pNH46A, available from Stratagene; and ptrc99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 available from Pharmacia. Non-limiting eukaryotic vectors include pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXT1 and pSG available from Stratagene; and pSVK3, pBPV, pMSG and pSVL available from Pharmacia. Other suitable vectors will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan.
[0240] Non-limiting bacterial promoters suitable for use include the E. coli lacI and lacZ promoters, the T3 and T7 promoters, the gpt promoter, the lambda PR and PL promoters and the trp promoter. Suitable eukaryotic promoters include the CMV immediate early promoter, the HSV thymidine kinase promoter, the early and late SV40 promoters, the promoters of retroviral LTRs, such as those of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) , and metallothionein promoters, such as the mouse metallothionein-I promoter.
[0241] In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a number of vectors containing constitutive or inducible promoters such as alpha factor, alcohol oxidase, and PGH can be used.
[0242] Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, infection or other methods. Such methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis et al., Basic Methods in Molecular Biology (1986) , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0243] Transcription of DNA encoding an antibody of the present disclosure by higher eukaryotes may be increased by inserting an enhancer sequence into the vector. Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about from 10 to 300 bp that act to increase transcriptional activity of a promoter in a given host cell-type. Examples of enhancers include the SV40 enhancer, which is located on the late side of the replication origin at base pairs 100 to 270, the cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenovirus enhancers.
[0244] For secretion of the translated protein into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, into the periplasmic space or into the extracellular environment, appropriate secretion signals may be incorporated into the expressed polypeptide. The signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide or they may be heterologous signals.
[0245] The polypeptide (e.g., antibody fragment) can be expressed in a modified form, such as a fusion protein (e.g., a GST-fusion) or with a histidine-tag, and may include not only secretion signals, but also additional heterologous functional regions. For instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged amino acids, may be added to the N-terminus of the polypeptide to improve stability and persistence in the host cell, during purification, or during subsequent handling and storage. Also, peptide moieties can be added to the polypeptide to facilitate purification. Such regions can be removed prior to final preparation of the polypeptide. The addition of peptide moieties to polypeptides to engender secretion or excretion, to improve stability and to facilitate purification, among others, are familiar and routine techniques in the art.
[0246] The disclosure also provides a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identical to any nucleotide sequence as described herein, and an amino acid sequence that is at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%identical to any amino acid sequence as described herein.
[0247] The disclosure also provides a nucleic acid sequence that has a homology of at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%to any nucleotide sequence as described herein, and an amino acid sequence that has a homology of at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%to any amino acid sequence as described herein.
[0248] In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to nucleotide sequences encoding any peptides that are described herein, or any amino acid sequences that are encoded by any nucleotide sequences as described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence is less than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, or 600 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence is less than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400 amino acid residues.
[0249] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence (i) comprises an amino acid sequence; or (ii) consists of an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is any one of the sequences as described herein.
[0250] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid sequence (i) comprises a nucleic acid sequence; or (ii) consists of a nucleic acid sequence, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is any one of the sequences as described herein.
[0251] The percentage of sequence homology (e.g., amino acid sequence homology or nucleic acid homology) can also be determined. How to determine percentage of sequence homology is known in the art. In some embodiments, amino acid residues conserved with similar physicochemical properties (percent homology) , e.g. leucine and isoleucine, can be used to measure sequence similarity. Families of amino acid residues having similar physicochemical properties have been defined in the art. These families include e.g., amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . The homology percentage, in many cases, is higher than the identity percentage.
[0252] The disclosure provides one or more nucleic acid encoding any of the polypeptides as described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid (e.g., cDNA) includes a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of a heavy chain as described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid includes a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of a light chain as described herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid includes a polynucleotide encoding a scFv polypeptide as described herein.
[0253] In some embodiments, the vector can have two of the nucleic acids as described herein, wherein the vector encodes the VL region and the VH region that together bind to B7-H3. In some embodiments, a pair of vectors is provided, wherein each vector comprises one of the nucleic acids as described herein, wherein together the pair of vectors encodes the VL region and the VH region that together bind to B7-H3.
[0254] Methods of Treatment
[0255] The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure can be used for various therapeutic purposes.
[0256] The methods described herein include methods for the treatment of disorders associated with cancer. Generally, the methods include administering a therapeutically effective amount of engineered antibodies or the antigen-binding fragments thereof as described herein, to a subject who is in need of, or who has been determined to be in need of, such treatment.
[0257] As used in this context, to “treat” means to ameliorate at least one symptom of the disorder associated with cancer. Often, cancer results in death; thus, a treatment can result in an increased life expectancy (e.g., by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months, or by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 years) . Administration of a therapeutically effective amount of an agent described herein for the treatment of a condition associated with cancer will result in decreased number of cancer cells and / or alleviated symptoms.
[0258] As used herein, the term “cancer” refers to cells having the capacity for autonomous growth, i.e., an abnormal state or condition characterized by rapidly proliferating cell growth. The term is meant to include all types of cancerous growths or oncogenic processes, metastatic tissues or malignantly transformed cells, tissues, or organs, irrespective of histopathologic type or stage of invasiveness. The term “tumor” as used herein refers to cancerous cells, e.g., a mass of cancerous cells. Cancers that can be treated or diagnosed using the methods described herein include malignancies of the various organ systems, such as affecting lung, breast, thyroid, lymphoid, gastrointestinal, and genito-urinary tract, as well as adenocarcinomas which include malignancies such as most colon cancers, renal-cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and / or testicular tumors, non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the small intestine and cancer of the esophagus. In some embodiments, the agents described herein are designed for treating or diagnosing a carcinoma in a subject. The term “carcinoma” is art recognized and refers to malignancies of epithelial or endocrine tissues including respiratory system carcinomas, gastrointestinal system carcinomas, genitourinary system carcinomas, testicular carcinomas, breast carcinomas, prostatic carcinomas, endocrine system carcinomas, and melanomas. In some embodiments, the cancer is renal carcinoma or melanoma. Exemplary carcinomas include those forming from tissue of the cervix, lung, prostate, breast, head and neck, colon and ovary. The term also includes carcinosarcomas, e.g., which include malignant tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous tissues. An “adenocarcinoma” refers to a carcinoma derived from glandular tissue or in which the tumor cells form recognizable glandular structures. The term “sarcoma” is art recognized and refers to malignant tumors of mesenchymal derivation. In some embodiments, the cancer is a chemotherapy resistant cancer.
[0259] In one aspect, the disclosure also provides methods for treating a cancer in a subject, methods of reducing the rate of the increase of volume of a tumor in a subject over time, methods of reducing the risk of developing a metastasis, or methods of reducing the risk of developing an additional metastasis in a subject. In some embodiments, the treatment can halt, slow, retard, or inhibit progression of a cancer. In some embodiments, the treatment can result in the reduction of in the number, severity, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of the cancer in a subject.
[0260] In one aspect, the disclosure features methods that include administering a therapeutically effective amount of antibodies, the antigen-binding fragments thereof, or an antibody drug conjugate disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof, e.g., a subject having, or identified or diagnosed as having, a cancer, e.g., liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , bladder cancer, renal cancer, brain cancer, head and neck cancer, or melanoma.
[0261] In one aspect, the disclosure features methods that include administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody, the antigen-binding fragment thereof, or an antibody drug conjugate disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject having, or identified or diagnosed as having, a cancer) , e.g., lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , leukemia, ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, bronchial cancer, bone cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, esophageal cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, testicular cancer, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, melanoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and sarcoma. In some embodiments, the leukemia is selected from acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. In some embodiments, the lymphoma is selected from Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, T cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. In some embodiments, the sarcoma is selected from osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma.
[0262] In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antibody is designed for treating non-small lung cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, clear cell renal carcinoma, or breast cancer.
[0263] In some embodiments, the subject is a human and the B7-H3 antibody is designed for treating lung cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, astroblastoma glioblastoma, epidermal cancer, breast ductal cancer, breast cancer. In some embodiments, the subject is a dog and the B7-H3 antibody is designed for treating canine osteosarcoma.
[0264] In some embodiments, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used for treatment of patients at risk for a cancer. Patients with cancer can be identified with various methods known in the art.
[0265] In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method of treating an autoimmune disease or inflammation, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as described herein or the antibody-drug conjugate as described herein.
[0266] In one aspect, the disclosure provides methods for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of developing disorders associated with an abnormal or unwanted immune response, e.g., an autoimmune disorder. These autoimmune disorders include, but are not limited to, Alopecia areata, lupus, ankylosing spondylitis, Meniere's disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, autoimmune Addison's disease, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune hepatitis, pemphigus vulgaris, Behcet's disease, pernicious anemia, bullous pemphigoid, polyarthritis nodosa, cardiomyopathy, polychondritis, celiac sprue-dermatitis, polyglandular syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFIDS) , polymyalgia rheumatica, chronic inflammatory demyelinating, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, primary agammaglobulinemia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, cicatricial pemphigoid, psoriasis, CREST syndrome, Raynaud's phenomenon, cold agglutinin disease, Reiter's syndrome, Crohn's disease, Rheumatic fever, discoid lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Cryoglobulinemia sarcoidosis, fibromyalgia, scleroderma, Grave's disease, syndrome, Guillain-Barre, stiff-man syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Takayasu arteritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, temporal arteritis / giant cell arteritis, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) , ulcerative colitis, IgA nephropathy, uveitis, diabetes (e.g., Type I) , vasculitis, lichen planus, and vitiligo. In some embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments can be used to treat inflammation. In some embodiments, the anti-B7-H3 antibody is designed for treating other diseases or disorders, e.g., microbial infection and allergic disorders.
[0267] In some embodiments, the antibody is designed for treating disorders of bone mineralization, e.g., rickets, renal diseases (renal osteodystrophy, Fanconi syndrome) , tumor-induced osteomalacia, hypophosphatasia, McCune-Albright syndrome, or osteogenesis imperfecta with mineralization defect (syndrome resembling osteogenesis imperfecta (SROI) . In some embodiments, the disorder of bone mineralization is osteoporosis.
[0268] In some aspects, the disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting immune response in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as described herein or the antibody-drug conjugate as described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has an autoimmune disease.
[0269] As used herein, by an “effective amount” is meant an amount or dosage sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results including halting, slowing, retarding, or inhibiting progression of a disease, e.g., a cancer. An effective amount will vary depending upon, e.g., an age and a body weight of a subject to which the antibody, antigen binding fragment, antibody-encoding polynucleotide, vector comprising the polynucleotide, and / or compositions thereof is to be administered, a severity of symptoms and a route of administration, and thus administration can be determined on an individual basis.
[0270] An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations. By way of example, an effective amount of an antibody or an antigen binding fragment is an amount sufficient to ameliorate, stop, stabilize, reverse, inhibit, slow and / or delay progression of an autoimmune disease or a cancer in a patient or is an amount sufficient to ameliorate, stop, stabilize, reverse, slow and / or delay proliferation of a cell (e.g., a biopsied cell, any of the cancer cells described herein, or cell line (e.g., a cancer cell line) ) in vitro. As is understood in the art, an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment may vary, depending on, inter alia, patient history as well as other factors such as the type (and / or dosage) of antibody used.
[0271] Effective amounts and schedules for administering the antibodies, antibody-encoding polynucleotides, and / or compositions disclosed herein may be determined empirically, and making such determinations is within the skill in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that the dosage that must be administered will vary depending on, for example, the mammal that will receive the antibodies, antibody-encoding polynucleotides, and / or compositions disclosed herein, the route of administration, the particular type of antibodies, antibody-encoding polynucleotides, antigen binding fragments, and / or compositions disclosed herein used and other drugs being administered to the mammal. Guidance in selecting appropriate doses for antibody or antigen binding fragment can be found in the literature on therapeutic uses of antibodies and antigen binding fragments, e.g., Handbook of Monoclonal Antibodies, Ferrone et al., eds., Noges Publications, Park Ridge, N.J., 1985, ch. 22 and pp. 303-357; Smith et al., Antibodies in Human Diagnosis and Therapy, Haber et al., eds., Raven Press, New York, 1977, pp. 365-389.
[0272] A typical daily dosage of an effective amount of an antibody is 0.01 mg / kg to 100 mg / kg (mg per kg of patient weight) . In some embodiments, the dosage can be less than 100 mg / kg, 50 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg, 30 mg / kg, 25 mg / kg, 20 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg, 9 mg / kg, 8 mg / kg, 7 mg / kg, 6 mg / kg, 5 mg / kg, 4 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 0.5 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, or 0.1 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage can be greater than 50 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg, 30 mg / kg, 20 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg, 9 mg / kg, 8 mg / kg, 7 mg / kg, 6 mg / kg, 5 mg / kg, 4 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 0.5 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 0.05 mg / kg, or 0.01 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the dosage is about 50 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg, 30 mg / kg, 25 mg / kg, 20 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg, 9 mg / kg, 8 mg / kg, 7 mg / kg, 6 mg / kg, 5 mg / kg, 4 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, 0.9 mg / kg, 0.8 mg / kg, 0.7 mg / kg, 0.6 mg / kg, 0.5 mg / kg, 0.4 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, 0.2 mg / kg, or 0.1 mg / kg.
[0273] In any of the methods described herein, the at least one antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, or pharmaceutical composition (e.g., any of the antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, or pharmaceutical compositions described herein) and, optionally, at least one additional therapeutic agent can be administered to the subject at least once a week (e.g., once a week, twice a week, three times a week, four times a week, once a day, twice a day, or three times a day) . In some embodiments, at least two different antibodies and / or antigen-binding fragments are administered in the same composition (e.g., a liquid composition) . In some embodiments, at least one antibody or antigen-binding fragment and at least one additional therapeutic agent are administered in the same composition (e.g., a liquid composition) . In some embodiments, the at least one antibody or antigen-binding fragment and the at least one additional therapeutic agent are administered in two different compositions (e.g., a liquid composition containing at least one antibody or antigen-binding fragment and a solid oral composition containing at least one additional therapeutic agent) . In some embodiments, the at least one additional therapeutic agent is administered as a pill, tablet, or capsule. In some embodiments, the at least one additional therapeutic agent is administered in a sustained-release oral formulation.
[0274] In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapeutic agents can be administered to the subject prior to, or after administering the at least one antibody, antigen-binding antibody fragment, or pharmaceutical composition (e.g., any of the antibodies, antigen-binding antibody fragments, or pharmaceutical compositions described herein) . In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapeutic agents and the at least one antibody, antigen-binding antibody fragment, or pharmaceutical composition (e.g., any of the antibodies, antigen-binding antibody fragments, or pharmaceutical compositions described herein) are administered to the subject such that there is an overlap in the bioactive period of the one or more additional therapeutic agents and the at least one antibody or antigen-binding fragment (e.g., any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein) in the subject.
[0275] In some embodiments, the subject can be administered the at least one antibody, antigen-binding antibody fragment, or pharmaceutical composition (e.g., any of the antibodies, antigen-binding antibody fragments, or pharmaceutical compositions described herein) over an extended period of time (e.g., over a period of at least 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, or 5 years) . A skilled medical professional may determine the length of the treatment period using any of the methods described herein for diagnosing or following the effectiveness of treatment (e.g., the observation of at least one symptom of cancer) . As described herein, a skilled medical professional can also change the identity and number (e.g., increase or decrease) of antibodies or antigen-binding antibody fragments (and / or one or more additional therapeutic agents) administered to the subject and can also adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) the dosage or frequency of administration of at least one antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment (and / or one or more additional therapeutic agents) to the subject based on an assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment (e.g., using any of the methods described herein and known in the art) .
[0276] In some embodiments, one or more additional therapeutic agents can be administered to the subject. The additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more inhibitors selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of B-Raf, an EGFR inhibitor, an inhibitor of a MEK, an inhibitor of ERK, an inhibitor ofK-Ras, an inhibitor of c-Met, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) , an inhibitor of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) , an inhibitor of an Akt, an inhibitor of mTOR, a dual PI3K / mTOR inhibitor, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) , and an inhibitor of Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and / or Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) . In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1) (IDO1) (e.g., epacadostat) .
[0277] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more inhibitors selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of HER3, an inhibitor of LSD1, an inhibitor of MDM2, an inhibitor of BCL2, an inhibitor of CHK1, an inhibitor of activated hedgehog signaling pathway, and an agent that selectively degrades the estrogen receptor.
[0278] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of Trabectedin, nab-paclitaxel, Trebananib, Pazopanib, Cediranib, Palbociclib, everolimus, fluoropyrimidine, IFL, regorafenib, Reolysin, Alimta, Zykadia, Sutent, temsirolimus, axitinib, everolimus, sorafenib, Votrient, Pazopanib, IMA-901, AGS-003, cabozantinib, Vinflunine, an Hsp90 inhibitor, Ad-GM-CSF, Temazolomide, IL-2, IFNa, vinblastine, Thalomid, dacarbazine, cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, azacytidine, lenalidomide, bortezomid, amrubicine, carfilzomib, pralatrexate, and enzastaurin.
[0279] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent can comprise one or more therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of an adjuvant, a TLR agonist, IL-1, HMGB1, an IL-10 antagonist, an IL-4 antagonist, an IL-6 antagonist (e.g., IL-6 receptor) , an IL-13 antagonist, an IL-17 antagonist, an HVEM antagonist, an ICOS agonist, a treatment targeting CX3CL1, a treatment targeting CXCL9, a treatment targeting CXCL10, a treatment targeting CCL5, an LFA-1 agonist, an ICAM1 agonist, and a Selectin agonist.
[0280] In some embodiments, carboplatin, nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel, cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, FOLFOX, or FOLFIRI are administered to the subject.
[0281] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-OX40 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PD-L2 antibody, an anti-LAG-3 antibody, an anti-TIGIT antibody, an anti-BTLA antibody, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, an anti-GITR antibody, an anti-TIM-3 antibody, an anti-4-1BB antibody or an anti-CD40 antibody.
[0282] Pharmaceutical Compositions and Routes of Administration
[0283] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that contain at least one (e.g., one, two, three, or four) of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein. Two or more (e.g., two, three, or four) of any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein can be present in a pharmaceutical composition in any combination. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in any manner known in the art.
[0284] Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated to be compatible with their intended route of administration (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) . The compositions can include a sterile diluent (e.g., sterile water or saline) , afixed oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents, antibacterial or antifungal agents, such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like, antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite, chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, buffers, such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates, and isotonic agents, such as sugars (e.g., dextrose) , polyalcohols (e.g., mannitol or sorbitol) , or salts (e.g., sodium chloride) , or any combination thereof. Liposomal suspensions can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Preparations of the compositions can be formulated and enclosed in ampules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials. Where required (as in, for example, injectable formulations) , proper fluidity can be maintained by, for example, the use of a coating, such as lecithin, or a surfactant. Absorption of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be prolonged by including an agent that delays absorption (e.g., aluminum monostearate and gelatin) . Alternatively, controlled release can be achieved by implants and microencapsulated delivery systems, which can include biodegradable, biocompatible polymers (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid) .
[0285] Compositions containing one or more of any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein can be formulated for parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) administration in dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of active compound for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage) .
[0286] Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration are preferably sterile and substantially isotonic and manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions can be provided in unit dosage form (i.e., the dosage for a single administration) . Pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients or auxiliaries. The formulation depends on the route of administration chosen. For injection, antibodies can be formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically-compatible buffers to reduce discomfort at the site of injection. The solution can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and / or dispersing agents. Alternatively antibodies can be in lyophilized form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
[0287] Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of compositions can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals (e.g., monkeys) . One can, for example, determine the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50%of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50%of the population) : the therapeutic index being the ratio of LD50: ED50. Agents that exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. Where an agent exhibits an undesirable side effect, care should be taken to minimize potential damage (i.e., reduce unwanted side effects) . Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy can be determined by other standard pharmaceutical procedures.
[0288] Data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating an appropriate dosage of any given agent for use in a subject (e.g., a human) . A therapeutically effective amount of the one or more (e.g., one, two, three, or four) antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., any of the antibodies or antibody fragments described herein) will be an amount that treats the disease (e.g., kills cancer cells) in a subject (e.g., a human subject identified as having cancer) , or a subject identified as being at risk of developing the disease (e.g., a subject who has previously developed cancer but now has been cured) , decreases the severity, frequency, and / or duration of one or more symptoms of a disease in a subject (e.g., a human) . The effectiveness and dosing of any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein can be determined by a health care professional or veterinary professional using methods known in the art, as well as by the observation of one or more symptoms of disease in a subject (e.g., a human) . Certain factors may influence the dosage and timing required to effectively treat a subject (e.g., the severity of the disease or disorder, previous treatments, the general health and / or age of the subject, and the presence of other diseases) .
[0289] Exemplary doses include milligram or microgram amounts of any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein per kilogram of the subject’s weight (e.g., about 1 μg / kg to about 500 mg / kg; about 100μg / kg to about 500 mg / kg; about 100μg / kg to about 50 mg / kg; about 10μg / kg to about 5 mg / kg; about 10μg / kg to about 0.5 mg / kg; about 1μg / kg to about 50μg / kg; about 0.3 mg / kg to about 25 mg / kg, about 1 mg / kg to about 10 mg / kg; or about 1 mg / kg to about 5 mg / kg) . While these doses cover a broad range, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that therapeutic agents, including antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, vary in their potency, and effective amounts can be determined by methods known in the art. Typically, relatively low doses are administered at first, and the attending health care professional or veterinary professional (in the case of therapeutic application) or a researcher (when still working at the development stage) can subsequently and gradually increase the dose until an appropriate response is obtained. In addition, it is understood that the specific dose level for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, gender, and diet of the subject, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of excretion, and the half-life of the antibody or antibody fragment in vivo.
[0290] The pharmaceutical compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration. The disclosure also provides methods of manufacturing the antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof for various uses as described herein.
[0291] EXAMPLES
[0292] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.
[0293] Example 1. Generating anti-B7H3 antibodies
[0294] His-tagged human B7-H3 protein (hB7-H3 (4Ig) -His, Beijing ACRO Biosystems Co. Ltd., Cat#: B7B-H52E7) and / or His-tagged Mouse B7-H3 protein (mB7-H3-His, Beijing ACRO Biosystems Co. Ltd., Cat#: B73-M52H4) was emulsified with adjuvants, and was used to immunize RenLiteTM mice (Biocytogen, complete human heavy chain variable domain combined with a common light chain substitution in situ) . The RenLiteTM mice are described, e.g., in PCT / CN2021 / 097652, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Before immunization, retro-orbital blood was collected as a negative control.
[0295] The antibody titer of serum was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) . When a desired immune response was achieved, antigen-specific immune cells were isolated from the immunized mice to further obtain anti-B7-H3 antibodies or to obtain the light chain and heavy chain variable region sequences of the anti-B7-H3 antibodies. For example, single cell technology (for example, using Optofluidic System, Berkeley Lights Inc. ) was used to screen and identify plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Then, reverse transcription PCR and sequencing were used to obtain the nucleotide sequences encoding the antibody variable region. The obtained sequences were cloned into a vector containing a sequence that encodes the human IgG1 constant region for antibody expression. The binding affinity of the expressed antibodies to B7-H3 was verified using FACS.
[0296] Exemplary antibodies obtained by this method include: 19A1, 20H8, and 21A9. These antibodies contain the same light chain, and their VH CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 and VL CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 sequences, as defined by Kabat definition or Chothia definition, are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, respectively. The amino acid sequences of VH and VL regions of these antibodies are shown in FIG. 3.
[0297] Example 2. Cross-species binding of anti-B7-H3 antibodies
[0298] CHO-S-hB7-H3 (4Ig) cells, CHO-S-hB7-H3 (2Ig) cells, CHO-S-mB7-H3 cells, CHO-S-fasB7-H3 cells or CHO-S-dB7-H3 cells were transferred to a 96-well plate at a density of 1×105 cells / well respectively. 30μL of purified anti-B7-H3 antibodies (1μg / mL) were added to each well of the 96-well plate, and the plate was then incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes. Then, after washing with PBS, the cells were incubated with the secondary antibody anti-hIgG-Fc-Alexa 647 (RL1-H) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., Cat#: 109-606-170) at 4℃ in the dark for 15 minutes before flow cytometry analysis. Human IgG1 protein was used as an isotype control (ISO) . The test results are shown in the table below. CHO-S-hB7-H3 (4Ig) cells, CHO-S-hB7-H3 (2Ig) cells, CHO-S-mB7-H3 cells, CHO-S-fasB7-H3 cells, and CHO-S-dB7-H3 cells were obtained by transfecting CHO-S cells with vectors expressing human B7-H3 (4Ig) amino acid sequence (hB7-H3 (4Ig) , SEQ ID NO: 33) , human B7-H3 (2Ig) amino acid sequence (hB7-H3 (2Ig) , SEQ ID NO: 34) , mouse B7-H3 amino acid sequence (mB7-H3, SEQ ID NO: 35) , monkey B7-H3 amino acid sequence (fasB7-H3, SEQ ID NO: 36) , and dog B7-H3 amino acid sequence (dB7-H3, SEQ ID NO: 37) , respectively.
[0299] Table 1
[0300] The results show that all anti-B7-H3 antibodies can bind to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, and dog B7-H3. In addition, 19A1 and 20H8 can also bind to mouse B7-H3, whereas 21A9 cannot bind.
[0301] Example 3. Binding activity of anti-B7-H3 antibodies to B7-H3 positive tumor cells
[0302] This experiment was performed to test the binding activities of the anti-B7-H3 antibodies to several different tumor cell lines. Through functional genomic RNA-sequencing technology, the mRNA expression levels of B7-H3 in these cell lines are shown in the table below.
[0303] Table 2
[0304] Human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H358 cells (ATCC, Cat#: CRL-5807) , human melanoma A375 cells (ATCC, Cat#: CRL-1619) , human gastric cancer NCI-N87 cells (ATCC, Cat#: CRL-5822) , human astroblastoma glioblastoma U87-MG cells (ATCC, Cat#: HTB-14) , human epidermal cancer A431 cells (ATCC, Cat#: CRL-1555) , or human breast ductal cancer BT474 cells (ATCC, Cat#: HTB-20) were transferred to a 96-well plate at a density of 5×104 cells / well, respectively. The sample anti-B7-H3 antibody (2.5μg / mL) was added to the 96-well plate, and the plate was incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes. Then, the cells were incubated with the secondary antibody anti-hIgG-Fc-Alexa 647 (RL1-H) (Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, Inc., Cat#: 109-606-170) at 4℃ in the dark for 15 minutes before flow cytometry analysis. The results shown in the table below demonstrate that all anti-B7-H3 antibodies can bind to NCI-H358 cells, A375 cells, NCI-N87 cells, U87-MG cells, A431 cells, and BT474 cells.
[0305] Table 3
[0306] Example 4. Binding activity of anti-B7-H3 antibodies to B7-H3 negative tumor cells
[0307] B7-H3 negative tumor cells, e.g., Jurkat cells (Cobioer Biosciences, Cat#: CBP60520) , Daudi cells (Cobioer Biosciences, Cat#: CBP60262) , or Raji cells (Cobioer Biosciences, Cat#: CBP60272) were transferred to a 96-well plate at a density of 5×104 cells / well, respectively. The sample anti-B7-H3 antibody (0.1μg / mL, 1μg / mL, 10μg / mL, or 100μg / mL) was added to the 96-well plate, and the plate was incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes. Then, the cells were incubated with the secondary antibody anti-hIgG-Fc-Alexa 647 at 4℃ in the dark for 15 minutes before flow cytometry analysis. The results show that none of the anti-B7-H3 antibodies bound to Jurkat cells, Daudi cells, or Raji cells.
[0308] Example 5. Internalization of anti-B7-H3 antibodies
[0309] Anti-B7-H3 antibodies (2.5μg / mL) and the secondary antibody anti-hIgG-Fc-Alexa 647 were added to NCI-H358 cells, A375 cells, NCI-N87 cells, U87-MG cells, A431 cells, or BT474 cell and incubated for 6 hours. After the incubation, the cells were centrifuged and subsequently washed in FACS buffer. MFI was then measured using a flow cytometer. By comparing the MFI values between samples, the endocytosis rates of antibodies were calculated. Human IgG1 was used as an isotype control (ISO) . The results are shown in the table below.
[0310] Table 4
[0311] The data show that 19A1, 20H8 and 21A9 exhibited good endocytosis rates in NCI-H358 cells, A375 cells, U87-MG cells, A431 cells, and BT474 cells.
[0312] Example 6. Binding affinity of anti-B7-H3 antibodies
[0313] The binding affinity of the anti-B7-H3 antibodies to hB7-H3 (4Ig) -His, His-tagged human B7-H3 (hB7-H3 (2Ig) -His, Beijing ACRO Biosystems Co. Ltd., Cat#: B73-M52H4) , His-tagged monkey (Cynomolgus) B7-H3 protein (fasB7-H3-His, ACRO Biosystems Inc., Cat#: B73-C52Ha) , His-tagged mouse B7-H3 protein (mB7-H3-His, ACRO Biosystems Inc., Cat#: B73-M52H4) or His-tagged canine B7-H3 protein (dB7-H3-His, ACRO Biosystems Inc., Cat#: B73-C52H9) was verified using BiacoreTM (Biacore, Inc., Piscataway N.J. ) 8K biosensor equipped with pre-immobilized Protein A sensor chips.
[0314] Purified anti-B7-H3 antibodies were diluted to 2μg / mL and then injected into the BiacoreTM8K biosensor at 10μL / min for about 50 seconds to achieve a desired protein density (e.g., about 100 response units (RU) ) . His-tagged B7-H3 protein at a concentration of 200 nM was then injected at 30μL / min for 180 seconds. Dissociation was monitored for 400 seconds. After the final injection of each titration, the chip was regenerated through elution with Glycine (pH 1.5) at a flow rate of 30μL / min for 30 seconds. For isotype control (ISO) , an antibody targeting an irrelevant target protein was used.
[0315] Kinetic association rates (kon) and dissociation rates (koff) were obtained simultaneously by fitting the data globally to a 1: 1 Langmuir binding model (Karlsson, R. Roos, H. Fagerstam, L. Petersson, B., 1994. Methods Enzymology 6.99-110) using BiacoreTM8K Evaluation Software 3.0. Affinities were deduced from the quotient of the kinetic rate constants (KD=koff / kon) .
[0316] As a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand, the same method with appropriate adjustments for parameters (e.g., antibody concentration) was performed for each tested antibody. The results for the tested antibodies are summarized in the table below.
[0317] Table 5
[0318] ( “- “means no binding)
[0319] Enoblituzumab is an Fc-optimized, humanized monoclonal antibody targeting B7-H3 originated by MacroGenics, and the VH and VL sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39, respectively.
[0320] MGC-018 is a B7-H3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a humanized anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody that is linked to the DNA-alkylating prodrug seco-duocarmycin-hydroxybenzamide azaindole (seco-DUBA) via a cleavable linker developed by Macrogenics. The heavy and light chain sequences of the humanized anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32, respectively. The heavy and light chain were combined to form MGC-018 analog (a monoclonal antibody) , serving as a positive control.
[0321] The results show that 19A1, 20H8, and 21A9 all exhibited high-affinity binding to human B7-H3 and monkey B7-H3. In addition, 19A1 can also bind to mouse B7-H3 and dog B7-H3.
[0322] Example 7. Binding activity of anti-B7-H3 antibodies to B7-H3 family proteins
[0323] Experiments were performed to test the binding activity of anti-B7-H3 antibodies to other B7-H3 family proteins, e.g., CD80, CD86, PD-L1, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7. Specifically, CHO-S-hB7-H3 cells, CHO-S-hCD80 cells, CHO-S-hCD86 cells, CHO-S-hPD-L1 cells, CHO-S-hB7-H4 cells, CHO-S-hB7-H5 cells, CHO-S-hB7-H6 cells, or CHO-S-hB7-H7 cells were transferred to a 96-well plate at a density of 5×104 cells / well, respectively. The sample anti-B7-H3 antibody (10μg / mL) was added to the 96-well plate, and the plate was incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes. Then, the cells were incubated with the secondary antibody anti-hIgG-Fc-Alexa 647 (RL1-H) at 4℃ in the dark for 15 minutes before flow cytometry analysis.
[0324] CHO-S-hCD80 cells, CHO-S-hCD86 cells, CHO-S-hPD-L1, CHO-S-hB7-H4 cells, CHO-S-hB7-H5 cells, CHO-S-hB7-H6 cells, and CHO-S-hB7-H7 cells were obtained by transfecting CHO-S cells with vectors encoding human CD80 (hCD80, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40) , human CD86 (hCD86, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41) , human PD-L1 (hPD-L1, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42) , human B7-H4 (hB7-H4, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27) , human B7-H5 (hB7-H5, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28) , human B7-H6 (hB7-H6, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29) , and human B7-H7 (hB7-H7, with amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30) , respectively.
[0325] The results are summarized in the table below, demonstrating that none of 19A1, 20H8, and 21A9 can bind to human CD80, CD86, PD-L1, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, or B7-H7. No binding was observed in the negative control ISO, whereas the positive control MGC-018 analog showed evident binding to the above B7-H3 family proteins.
[0326] Table 6
[0327] Example 8. Epitope assays of anti-B7-H3 antibodies
[0328] Epitope binding assays were performed by Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) using ForteBio system to determine whether two anti-B7-H3 antibodies target the same or overlapping epitopes. 1×HBS-EP+buffer (10 mM 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) , 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 0.05%Polysorbate-20 (P20) , pH 7.4) diluted from HBS-EP+buffer (10×) was used as the running buffer throughout the experiment. About 10μg / mL hB7-H3 (4Ig) -his was captured at 1000 rpm / min for 200 seconds, and 200 nM of the tested antibody (Analyte 1) was injected at 1000 rpm / min for ligand binding. Another comparison antibody (Analyte 2) was injected under the same conditions to determine whether the binding of different antibodies interfered with each other. The binding time was 300 seconds for each antibody.
[0329] The binding value of each antibody was obtained using Data Analysis HT 12.0. To quantify the interference of one antibody binding to another, a binding ratio was calculated to compare each pair of antibodies. The binding ratio is defined as the binding value of the second antibody (Analyte 2) divided by the binding value of the first antibody (Analyte 1) . The threshold to determine whether the two antibodies can interfere with each other is 0.5. For example, a binding ratio over 0.5 indicates that the second antibody can still bind to B7-H3 subsequent to the binding of the first antibody. As such, the two antibodies may recognize different epitopes. The results are summarized in the table below, indicating that 20H8 and 21A9 are likely to recognize the same epitope, whereas 19A1 is likely to recognize another epitope. The results also indicate that the epitopes recognized by 19A1, 20H8, and 21A9 are different from the epitope recognized by the positive control MGC-018 analog.
[0330] Table 7
[0331] Example 9. Antibody Drug Conjugates
[0332] The purified antibodies were coupled with CPT1, CPT2, CPT3, or CPT4, through a CPT-L linker. For the names of antibody-drug conjugates, CPTx (x=1, 2, 3, or 4) is added directly after the antibody name. For example, if 19A1 is coupled to CPT1, it is named as 19A1-CPT1. As another example, if 19A1 is coupled to CPT2, it is named as 19A1-CPT2.
[0333] HIC-HPLC was used to detect the coupling of antibodies with drug molecules. A human IgG1 molecule was coupled to CPT2 to form isotype-CPT2 (ISO-CPT2) , serving as an isotype control. The HIC-HPLC detection results showed that the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of the ADCs was about 8.
[0334] Example 10. Anti-Tumor Activity of ADCs in human patient-derived lung xenograft (PDX) model
[0335] The ADCs were tested for their inhibitory effects of tumor growth in vivo in a model of lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of patient-derived lung tumor tissues was performed and the results show that histochemistry score (H-score) of B7-H3 expression level in the lung PDX model was 98.49.
[0336] Specifically, B-NDG mice (Biocytogen, Cat#: B-CM-002) were engrafted in the right flank with patient-derived lung tumor tissues (2 mm×2 mm×2 mm) . When the tumors in mice reached a volume of about 200-300 mm3, the mice were randomly placed into different groups based on the tumor volume. The mice were then injected with PBS (as a negative control) or ADCs by intravenous (i.v. ) administration. The frequency of ADC administration was once a week (1 administration in total) . Details of the dosing schedule, route, and frequency are shown in the table below.
[0337] Table 8
[0338] The lengths of the long axis and the short axis of the tumor were measured to calculate the tumor volume using the following formula: 0.5× (long axis) × (short axis) 2.
[0339] The tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was calculated using the following formula: TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Vi-V0) ] ×100%.
[0340] Ti is the average tumor volume in the treatment group on Day i. T0 is the average tumor volume in the treatment group on Day zero. Vi is the average tumor volume in the control group on Day i. V0 is the average tumor volume in the control group on Day zero. T-test was performed for statistical analysis. A TGI higher than 60%indicates clear suppression of tumor growth. P<0.05 is a threshold to indicate significant difference.
[0341] The table below summarizes the results for this experiment, including the tumor volumes on the day of grouping (Day 0) , 14 days after grouping (Day 14) and at the end of the experiment (Day 21) ; and the survival rate of the mice; TGI (%) .
[0342] Table 9
[0343] The tumor size in groups treated with the 21A9-CPT2 and 20H8-CPT2 are shown in FIG. 5. The results show that both 21A9-CPT2 and 20H8-CPT2 exhibited promising tumor inhibitory effects.
[0344] Example 11. Anti-tumor activity in human colorectal cancer PDX model
[0345] The ADCs were tested for the effect in human colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Expression of B7H3 was tested in the patient-derived colorectal tumor tissue by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment, with H-score of 28.05. B-NDG mice were engrafted in the right flank with the patient-derived tumor fragment (2 mm×2 mm×2 mm) . When the tumor volume reached about 200-300 mm3, the mice were randomly placed into different groups based on the tumor volume. The mice were then injected with PBS or ADCs by intravenosus (i.v. ) administration. Details of the administration scheme are shown in the table below.
[0346] Table 10
[0347] The tumor volumes were measured twice a week and body weights of the mice were recorded as well.
[0348] As shown in FIG. 6, 21A9-CPT2 and 20H8-CPT2 both exhibited promising tumor inhibitory effects in the human colorectal cancer model.
[0349] Example 12. Anti-tumor activity in human breast cancer PDX model
[0350] The ADCs were tested for the effect in human breast cancer patient-derived xenograft models. B-NDG mice were engrafted in the right flank with the patient-derived tumor fragment (2 mm×2 mm×2 mm) (H-score of B7H3: 73.79) . When the tumors in the mice reached a volume of about 250 mm3, the mice were randomly placed into different groups based on the volume of the tumor. The mice were then injected with PBS or ADCs by i.v. administration. Details of the administration scheme are shown in the table below. As shown in FIG. 7, both 21A9-CPT2 and 20H8-CPT2 exhibited good tumor inhibitory effects.
[0351] Table 11
[0352] OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0353] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages,and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to B7 Homolog 3 (B7-H3) , comprising:a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3, wherein the VH CDR1 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH CDR1 amino acid sequence, the VH CDR2 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the VH CDR3 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH CDR3 amino acid sequence; anda light chain variable region (VL) comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3, wherein the VL CDR1 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL CDR1 amino acid sequence, the VL CDR2 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL CDR2 amino acid sequence, and the VL CDR3 region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL CDR3 amino acid sequence,wherein the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, and 3 amino acid sequences and the selected VL CDRs, 1, 2, and 3 amino acid sequences are one of the following:(1) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively;(2) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively;(3) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively;(4) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively;(5) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively; and(6) the selected VH CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, respectively, and the selected VL CDRs 1, 2, 3 amino acid sequences are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively.2.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Kabat numbering scheme.3.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Kabat numbering scheme.4.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Kabat numbering scheme.5.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Chothia numbering scheme.6.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Chothia numbering scheme.7.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the VH comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, respectively, and the VL comprises CDRs 1, 2, 3 with the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, according to the Chothia numbering scheme.8.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3.9.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a human or humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 antibody or a fragment thereof) .10.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or a multi-specific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) .11.A nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising:(1) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4-6, respectively, and wherein the VH, when paired with a light chain variable region (VL) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;(2) an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a light chain variable region (VL) comprising complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, and wherein the VL, when paired with a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, binds to B7-H3;(3) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7-9, respectively, and wherein the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;(4) an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VL comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, and wherein the VL, when paired with a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, binds to B7-H3;(5) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10-12, respectively, and wherein the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;(6) an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VL comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, respectively, and wherein the VL, when paired with a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, binds to B7-H3;(7) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13-15, respectively, and wherein the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3;(8) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18, respectively, and wherein the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3; or(9) an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19-21, respectively, and wherein the VH, when paired with a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, binds to B7-H3.12.The nucleic acid of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15, respectively.13.The nucleic acid of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18, respectively.14.The nucleic acid of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VH comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21, respectively.15.The nucleic acid of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof comprising a VL comprising CDRs 1, 2, and 3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3, respectively.16.The nucleic acid of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the VH when paired with a VL specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3, or the VL when paired with a VH specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3.17.The nucleic acid of any one of claims 11-16, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain or the fragment thereof is a human or humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain or a fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 heavy chain or a fragment thereof) , and the immunoglobulin light chain or the fragment thereof is a human or humanized immunoglobulin light chain or a fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 light chain or a fragment thereof) .18.The nucleic acid of any one of claims 11-17, wherein the nucleic acid encodes a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) , a multi-specific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) , or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) .19.The nucleic acid of any one of claims 11-18, wherein the nucleic acid is cDNA.20.A vector comprising one or more of the nucleic acids of any one of claims 11-19.21.A vector comprising two of the nucleic acids of any one of claims 11-19, wherein the vector encodes the VH region and the VL region that together bind to B7-H3.22.A pair of vectors, wherein each vector comprises one of the nucleic acids of any one of claims 11-19, wherein together the pair of vectors encodes the VH region and the VL region that together bind to B7-H3.23.A cell comprising the vector of claim 20 or 21, or the pair of vectors of claim 22.24.The cell of claim 23, wherein the cell is a CHO cell.25.A cell comprising one or more of the nucleic acids of any one of claims 11-19.26.A cell comprising two of the nucleic acids of any one of claims 11-19.27.The cell of claim 26, wherein the two nucleic acids together encode the VH region and the VL region that together bind to B7-H3.28.A method of producing an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, the method comprising(a) culturing the cell of any one of claims 23-27 under conditions sufficient for the cell to produce the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment; and(b) collecting the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment produced by the cell.29.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to B7-H3 comprisinga heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VH sequence, and a light chain variable region (VL) comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%identical to a selected VL sequence, wherein the selected VH sequence and the selected VL sequence are one of the following:(1) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 23, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22;(2) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 24, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22; and(3) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 25, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22.30.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 29, wherein the VH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and the VL comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.31.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 29, wherein the VH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and the VL comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.32.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 29, wherein the VH comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 and the VL comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.33.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 29-32, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to human B7-H3, monkey B7-H3, mouse B7-H3, and / or dog B7-H3.34.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 29-33, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a human or humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g., a human IgG1 antibody or a fragment thereof) .35.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 29-34, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or a multi-specific antibody (e.g., a bispecific antibody) .36.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that cross-competes with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-35.37.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to B7-H3 comprisinga heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 that are identical to VH CDR1, VH CDR2, and VH CDR3 of a selected VH sequence; anda light chain variable region (VL) comprising VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 that are identical to VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and VL CDR3 of a selected VL sequence, wherein the selected VH sequence and the selected VL sequence are one of the following:(1) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 23, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22;(2) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 24, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22; and(3) the selected VH sequence is SEQ ID NO: 25, and the selected VL sequence is SEQ ID NO: 22.38.An antibody-drug conjugate comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-37 covalently bound to a therapeutic agent.39.The antibody drug conjugate of claim 38, wherein the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic or cytostatic agent.40.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 39, wherein the therapeutic agent is MMAE or MMAF.41.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 39, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from 42.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 41, wherein the therapeutic agent is linked to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof via a linker.43.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 42, wherein the linker has a structure of: 44.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 41-43, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate has a structure of: wherein n=1-8; wherein “Ab” represents the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.45.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 38-44, wherein the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) is about 4 or 8.46.A method of treating a subject having cancer, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-37, or the antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 38-45, to the subject.47.The method of claim 46, wherein the subject has liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) , non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , bladder cancer, renal cancer, brain cancer, head and neck cancer, or melanoma.48.The method of claim 46 or 47, wherein the subject has a cancer cell expressing B7-H3.49.The method of any one of claims 46-48, further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-OX40 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PDL2 antibody, an anti-LAG-3 antibody, an anti-TIGIT antibody, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, an anti-GITR antibody, an anti-TIM-3 antibody, an anti-4-1BB antibody, and / or an anti-CD40 antibody, to the subject.50.A method of decreasing the rate of tumor growth, the method comprisingcontacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-37, or the antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 38-45.51.A method of killing a tumor cell, the method comprisingcontacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-37, or the antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 38-45.52.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-37, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.53.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody drug conjugate of any one of claims 38-45, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.54.A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-10 and 29-37.