Organic compound, light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic equipment, and lighting apparatus

Abstract

To provide: an organic compound having a low refractive index and an electronic transport property; and a light-emitting device, a light-emitting apparatus, electronic equipment, a display, and an electronic device, which have low power consumption and high reliability.SOLUTION: Provided are organic compounds exemplified by the following formulas (137) and (154).SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to organic compounds, light-emitting devices, display modules, lighting modules, display devices, light-emitting devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, and electronic devices. However, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned technical field. One aspect of the present invention disclosed herein relates to a product, a method, or a method of manufacture. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition of matter. More specifically, one example of a technical field of one aspect of the present invention disclosed herein is a semiconductor device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, a power storage device, a memory device, an imaging device, a method of driving them, or a method of manufacturing them. [Background technology]

[0002] The practical application of light-emitting devices (organic EL devices) that utilize electroluminescence (EL) using organic compounds is progressing. The basic structure of these light-emitting devices is an organic compound layer (EL layer) containing a light-emitting material sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this device, carriers are injected, and by utilizing the recombination energy of these carriers, light emission can be obtained from the light-emitting material.

[0003] Because these light-emitting devices are self-emissive, using them as pixels in a display offers advantages over liquid crystal displays, such as higher visibility and the elimination of the need for a backlight, making them suitable as flat-panel display elements. Furthermore, displays using such light-emitting devices can be manufactured to be thin and lightweight, which is a significant advantage. Another characteristic is their extremely fast response speed.

[0004] Furthermore, since these light-emitting devices can form a light-emitting layer continuously in two dimensions, they can produce light in a planar manner. This is a feature that is difficult to obtain with point light sources such as incandescent bulbs and LEDs, or line light sources such as fluorescent lamps, and therefore has high value as a planar light source that can be applied to lighting and other applications.

[0005] As described above, displays and lighting devices using light-emitting devices can be applied to various electronic devices, but research and development are underway to find light-emitting devices with even better characteristics.

[0006] One of the problems often raised when discussing organic EL devices is their low light extraction efficiency. In particular, attenuation due to reflection caused by differences in refractive index between adjacent layers is a major factor in reducing the efficiency of the device. To mitigate this effect, a configuration has been proposed in which a layer made of a low refractive index material is formed inside the EL layer (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0007] Light-emitting devices with this configuration can achieve higher light extraction efficiency, and consequently higher external quantum efficiency, than light-emitting devices with conventional configurations. However, forming such a low refractive index layer within the EL layer without adversely affecting other important properties of the light-emitting device is not easy. This is because there is a trade-off between a low refractive index and high carrier transportability or reliability when used in a light-emitting device. This problem stems from the fact that carrier transportability and reliability in organic compounds largely depend on the presence of unsaturated bonds, and organic compounds with many unsaturated bonds tend to have high refractive indices. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0008] [Non-Patent Document 1] Jaeho Lee, et al., "Synergetic electrode architecture for efficient graphene-based flexible organic light-emitting diodes," Nature Communications, June 2, 2016, DOI: 10.1038 / ncomms11791 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] One aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel organic compound. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel organic compound having carrier transport properties. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a novel organic compound having electron transport properties. One aspect of the present invention aims to provide an organic compound with a low refractive index. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide an organic compound with a low refractive index and carrier transport properties. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide an organic compound with a low refractive index and electron transport properties.

[0010] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a highly reliable light-emitting device. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, display device, and electronic device, respectively, with low power consumption. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, the objective is to provide a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, display device, and electronic device, respectively, with low power consumption and high reliability.

[0011] Furthermore, the description of these problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. Moreover, one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily have to solve all of these problems. Other problems will naturally become clear from the description in the specification, drawings, and claims, and it is possible to extract other problems from the description in the specification, drawings, and claims.

[0012] The present invention only needs to solve one of the above-mentioned problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] One aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G1).

[0014] [ka]

[0015] In the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 R represents one of the following: hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-1). 1 ~R 15At least one of them is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, and each of the substituents is independently any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. In addition, the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) has a plurality of hydrocarbon groups selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 10% or more and 60% or less.

[0016] One aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G2).

[0017] [Chemical formula]

[0018] In the above general formula (G2), Q 1 to Q 3 Among them, 1 to 3 represent N, and when 1 or 2 of Q 1 to Q 3 is N, the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 1 to R 15At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is between 10% and 60%.

[0019] One aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3).

[0020] [ka]

[0021] In the above general formula (G3), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , and R 14At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is between 10% and 60%.

[0022] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), which includes one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, is represented by formula (G1-2).

[0023] [ka]

[0024] In the above formula (G1-2), α represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group. Also, R 20 represents one of the following: a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. m represents 0 to 2. If m is 2, the multiple αs may be the same or different. n represents 1 or 2. If n is 2, multiple Rs may be... 20 These can be the same or different.

[0025] In the above configuration, R2 and R 4 Preferably, one or both of the groups are represented by formula (G1-2) (however, R 2 and R 4 If both are groups represented by formula (G1-2), the two groups represented by formula (G1-2) may be the same or different.

[0026] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), which includes one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, is represented by formula (G1-3).

[0027] [ka]

[0028] In the above formula (G1-3), R 21 R represents one of the following: hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-3-1). 22 R represents the group shown in formula (G1-3-1). In formula (G1-3-1), R 23 and R 24 Each independently represents one of the following: hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. 23 and R 24 At least one of the following is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. Also, n represents 0 to 2. Note that if n is 2, multiple R 21 These may be the same or different.

[0029] In the above configuration, R 2 and R 4Preferably, one or both of these are groups represented by formula (G1-3) (however, R 2 and R 4 If both are groups represented by formula (G1-3), the two groups represented by formula (G1-3) may be the same or different.

[0030] In each of the above configurations, if the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) has substituents, it is preferable that the substituent is one of the following: an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring and is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0031] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) is one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenantrenyl group, or a fluorenyl group.

[0032] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) is represented by any one of the following formulas (ra-1) to (ra-16).

[0033] [ka]

[0034] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) is either an unsubstituted pyridinyl group or a pyridinyl group substituted with one or more methyl groups.

[0035] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the alicyclic group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), and in the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1), is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0036] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the C1 to C6 alkyl group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), and the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1), is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3').

[0038] [ka]

[0039] In the above general formula (G3'), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 2 is the formula (R 2 The group represented by -1) is R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , and R 14 Each of these independently represents one of the bases represented by equations (r-1) to (r-44). Note that equation (R 2 -1) In this case, β represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyldiyl group, R 25represents one of the groups represented by formulas (r-1) to (r-24), and n represents 1 or 2. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is between 10% and 60%.

[0040] [ka]

[0041] [ka]

[0042] [ka]

[0043] In the above configuration, the above formula (R 2 In the group represented by (-1), it is preferable that β is a group represented by any one of the following formulas (β-1) to (β-14).

[0044] [ka]

[0045] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by either structural formula (137) or (154) below.

[0046] [ka]

[0047] Another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting device using the organic compound described above. Furthermore, the present invention also includes light-emitting devices having a guest material in addition to the organic compound.

[0048] Furthermore, the present invention also includes light-emitting devices formed using an organic compound, which is one embodiment of the present invention, in an EL layer between a pair of electrodes or in a light-emitting layer contained within the EL layer. In addition to the above-mentioned light-emitting devices, cases in which a layer having an organic compound in contact with the electrodes (e.g., a cap layer) are also included as light-emitting devices and are included in the present invention. Furthermore, light-emitting devices having transistors, substrates, etc., in addition to light-emitting devices are also included in the scope of the invention. Moreover, electronic devices and lighting devices having these light-emitting devices and any of the following are also included in the scope of the invention: a detection unit, an input unit, or a communication unit.

[0049] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention includes a light-emitting device having a light-emitting device, and further includes an illumination device having a light-emitting device. Accordingly, in this specification, a light-emitting device refers to an image display device or a light source (including an illumination device). In addition, modules to which connectors such as FPC (Flexible printed circuit) or TCP (Tape Carrier Package) are attached, modules to which a printed circuit board is provided at the end of a TCP, or modules to which an IC (Integrated Circuit) is directly mounted on the light-emitting device using the COG (Chip On Glass) method are all included as light-emitting devices. [Effects of the Invention]

[0050] In one aspect of the present invention, a novel organic compound can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, a novel organic compound having carrier transport properties can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, a novel organic compound having electron transport properties can be provided. In one aspect of the present invention, an organic compound with a low refractive index can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, an organic compound with a low refractive index and carrier transport properties can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, an organic compound with a low refractive index and electron transport properties can be provided.

[0051] Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency can be provided. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, a highly reliable light-emitting device can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, display device, and electronic device with low power consumption can be provided. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, display device, and electronic device with low power consumption and high reliability can be provided.

[0052] Furthermore, the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. Moreover, one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily have to possess all of these effects. Other effects will naturally become apparent from the description in the specification, drawings, and claims, and it is possible to extract other effects from the description in the specification, drawings, and claims. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0053] [Figure 1] Figures 1(A) to 1(E) illustrate the configuration of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] Figures 2(A) and 2(B) illustrate the configuration of a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] Figures 3(A) and 3(B) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] Figures 4(A) to 4(C) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] Figures 5(A) to 5(C) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] Figures 6(A) and 6(B) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] Figures 8(A) and 8(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] Figures 10(A) to 10(C) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] Figures 11(A) and 11(B) illustrate a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 13] Figures 13(A) and 13(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] Figures 14(A) and 14(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 15] Figures 15(A) and 15(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 16] Figures 16(A) and 16(B) illustrate a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 17] Figures 17(A) to 17(E) illustrate the electronic device according to the embodiment. [Figure 18] Figures 18(A) to 18(E) illustrate the electronic equipment according to the embodiment. [Figure 19] Figures 19(A) and 19(B) illustrate an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 20] Figures 20(A) and 20(B) illustrate the electronic device according to the embodiment. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 22] Figure 22 shows the absorption spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn. [Figure 23] Figure 23 shows the MS spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn. [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn. [Figure 25] Figure 25 shows the absorption spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn. [Figure 26] Figure 26 shows the MS spectrum of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn. [Figure 27] Figure 27 shows the measured refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn. [Figure 28] Figure 28 shows the refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, mPn-mDMePyPTzn, Li-6mq, and Liq. [Figure 29] Figure 29 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1. [Figure 30] Figure 30 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1. [Figure 31] Figure 31 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 32] Figure 32 shows the current-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 33] Figure 33 shows the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1. [Figure 34] Figure 34 shows the emission spectra of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 35] Figure 35 shows the reliability of light-emitting device 1 and comparison light-emitting device 1. [Figure 36] Figure 36 shows the refractive index data for mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, mPn-mDMePyPTzn, Li-6mq, and Liq. [Figure 37] Figure 37 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2. [Figure 38] Figure 38 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2. [Figure 39] Figure 39 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 40]Figure 40 shows the current-voltage characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 41] Figure 41 shows the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2. [Figure 42] Figure 42 shows the emission spectra of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 43] Figure 43 shows the reliability of light-emitting device 2 and comparison light-emitting device 2. [Figure 44] Figures 44(A) and 44(B) show the 1H NMR spectra of 2,4 mm tBuBP-6 PmPPm. [Figure 45] Figures 45(A) and 45(B) show the 1H NMR spectra of 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm. [Figure 46] Figure 46 shows the absorption and emission spectra of Li-6mq in an anhydrous acetone solution. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the following description, and that its form and details can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention shall not be interpreted as being limited to the contents of the embodiments shown below.

[0055] (Embodiment 1) Among organic compounds with carrier transport properties that can be used in organic EL devices, 1,1-bis[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (abbreviated as TAPC) is known as one of the materials with a low refractive index. Using a material with a low refractive index in the EL layer can increase the external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting device, so it is expected that a light-emitting device with good external quantum efficiency can be obtained by using TAPC. However, TAPC has a low glass transition temperature, which gives it problems with heat resistance. Also, while TAPC can carry holes, it is practically unable to carry electrons.

[0056] Furthermore, in order to obtain a material with a low refractive index, it is preferable to introduce atoms with low atomic refraction into the molecule or to introduce substituents with low molecular refraction. Examples of substituents with low molecular refraction include saturated hydrocarbon groups and cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups.

[0057] Generally, there is a trade-off relationship between carrier transport and refractive index, and it is commonly believed that increasing carrier transport leads to a higher refractive index. This is because carrier transport in organic compounds largely stems from the presence of unsaturated bonds, and organic compounds with many unsaturated bonds tend to have a high refractive index.

[0058] Furthermore, electron-transporting organic compounds are known to have difficulty achieving the mobility and stability necessary for use in organic EL devices, compared to hole-transporting organic compounds, due to the low required LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) level. Therefore, the introduction of saturated hydrocarbon groups, which negatively affect these properties, has been considered undesirable.

[0059] However, contrary to these conventional theories, the inventors have discovered a material for light-emitting devices containing an organic compound having a pyrimidine, pyrazine, diazine, or triazine skeleton in which the proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals constituting a saturated hydrocarbon group is within a certain range, which combines carrier transport properties and a low refractive index. Furthermore, because this material for light-emitting devices possesses both low refractive index and electron transport properties, it is suitable for electron transport layers in photoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photoelectric conversion devices, and can also be used as an electron transport layer material. The organic compound contained in this material for light-emitting devices and electron transport layers can achieve a low refractive index while maintaining high electron transport properties by optimizing the number of substituents or their substitution positions among the substituents of the organic compound that have carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals. Additionally, by keeping the proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals within a certain range in this organic compound, it is possible to obtain a material for light-emitting devices and an electron transport layer that possesses not only a low refractive index and high electron transport properties, but also high heat resistance in the form of a high glass transition temperature.

[0060] Furthermore, by using the above-mentioned light-emitting device material in the EL layer of the light-emitting device, the extraction efficiency of light in the EL layer can be improved by taking advantage of its low refractive index, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device.

[0061] Furthermore, the above-mentioned electron transport layer material is suitable for the electron transport layer of an EL layer in a light-emitting device because it has high electron transport properties, and by taking advantage of its low refractive index, it can also improve the efficiency of light extraction in the EL layer, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device. In addition, the electron transport layer material according to one aspect of the present invention is suitable for the electron transport layer of a photoelectric conversion device because it has high electron transport properties and light (especially visible light) transmittance.

[0062] The material for the light-emitting device or electron transport layer comprises an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, the glass transition temperature of the organic compound is 90°C or higher, and the refractive index of the layer made of the organic compound is 1.5 or higher and 1.75 or lower. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention is a material for the light-emitting device or electron transport layer comprising an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, wherein the glass transition temperature of the organic compound is 90°C or higher, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the organic compound is 10% or higher and 60% or lower. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention is a material for the light-emitting device or electron transport layer comprising an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, wherein the glass transition temperature of the organic compound is 90°C or higher, 1 This material is for light-emitting devices or electron transport layers, and the integral value of signals less than 4 ppm, as measured by 1H-NMR of organic compounds, is at least half the integral value of signals 4 ppm or greater.

[0063] In addition, the heteroaromatic ring in the above organic compound is preferably a triazine ring or a diazine ring, and more preferably a triazine ring or a pyrimidine ring. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature is preferably 100°C or higher, more preferably 110°C or higher, and even more preferably 120°C or higher.

[0064] Furthermore, the above-mentioned material for light-emitting devices or electron transport layers contains an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a plurality of aromatic hydrocarbon rings with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming the ring, at least two of the plurality of aromatic hydrocarbon rings being benzene rings, and a plurality of hydrocarbon groups having bonds formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals, wherein the ordinary refractive index of the layer made of the organic compound for light of any wavelength in the range of 455 nm to 465 nm is 1.5 to 1.75.

[0065] Furthermore, the proportion of total carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals, as shown in the above configuration, affects the refractive index of the organic compound. In other words, as the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, which can improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound.

[0066] Furthermore, the electron transport layer material contains an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a plurality of aromatic hydrocarbon rings with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming the ring, at least two of the plurality of aromatic hydrocarbon rings being benzene rings, and a plurality of hydrocarbon groups having bonds formed by sp3 hybrid orbitals, and preferably the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds by sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the organic compound is 10% or more and 60% or less.

[0067] Furthermore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals, as shown in the above configuration, affects the refractive index of the organic compound. Specifically, an increase in the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals lowers the refractive index, thus improving the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too high, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in the organic compound is inhibited, reducing carrier transport properties (such as electron transport and electron injection). Therefore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is preferably 10% to 60%, and more preferably 20% to 50%. Moreover, it is preferable that the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule be 20% to 40%.

[0068] Furthermore, the electron transport layer material contains an organic compound having at least one six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, and having multiple aromatic hydrocarbon rings with 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming the ring, where at least two of the multiple aromatic hydrocarbon rings are benzene rings, and having multiple hydrocarbon groups that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals. 1 It is preferable that the integral value of signals less than 4 ppm in the measurement of organic compounds by 1H-NMR is at least half the integral value of signals 4 ppm or greater.

[0069] Furthermore, the proportion of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals, as shown in the above configuration, affects the refractive index of the organic compound. Specifically, a higher number of carbon atoms forming sp3 hybrid orbitals lowers the refractive index, thus improving the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound. Additionally, a higher number of carbon atoms forming sp3 hybrid orbitals improves heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, which is desirable. However, if the number of carbon atoms forming sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too high, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in the organic compound is inhibited, leading to a decrease in carrier transport properties (electron transport and electron injection, etc.). 1In the results of measuring organic compounds by 1H-NMR, it is preferable that the integral value of signals less than 4 ppm originating from alkyl groups and alicyclic groups is 1 / 2 to 2 times, more preferably 1 to 1.5 times, the integral value of signals of 4 ppm or more originating from aryl groups or heteroaromatic groups.

[0070] Furthermore, the molecular weight of the organic compound contained in the above-mentioned material for light-emitting devices or electron transport layer is preferably 500 to 2000. More preferably, a molecular weight of 700 to 1500 is preferable because it also results in higher thermal properties (glass transition temperature) and makes the material less prone to decomposition during sublimation (deposition).

[0071] Furthermore, it is preferable that, within the molecule of the organic compound contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material, the hydrocarbon groups that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals are all bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and that LUMOs are not distributed in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which the hydrocarbon groups are bonded; that is, LUMOs are distributed in rings other than the aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which the hydrocarbon groups are bonded within the molecule of the organic compound. However, in the above, "LUMOs are not distributed in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which the hydrocarbon groups are bonded" means, in this specification, that the distribution density of LUMOs in the aromatic hydrocarbon ring to which the hydrocarbon groups are bonded is 0.06 [electrons / au] in isovalue. 3 This means less than 0.02, more preferably less than 0.02.

[0072] Furthermore, it is more preferable that the LUMOs are mainly distributed on the heteroaromatic ring and the substituents directly bonded to it. By creating such a molecule, the LUMOs of organic compound molecules located close together in the solid (film) state are more likely to overlap, making it easier for electrons to be transported, and thus it is expected that the driving voltage can be reduced.

[0073] The isovalues ​​of LUMO can be determined using molecular orbital calculations such as Gaussian.

[0074] Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one of the aromatic hydrocarbon rings to which a hydrocarbon group forming a bond in an sp3 hybrid orbital is bonded within the molecule of the organic compound contained in the above-mentioned material for light-emitting devices or electron transport layer material is a benzene ring.

[0075] Furthermore, in the organic compound contained in the above-mentioned material for light-emitting devices or electron transport layer material, it is preferable that at least three benzene rings are present, all three benzene rings being bonded to a six-membered heteroaromatic ring, and that two of the three benzene rings are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups and do not contain hydrocarbon groups. In addition, a triazine ring or a pyrimidine ring is preferred as the six-membered heteroaromatic ring.

[0076] Furthermore, the organic compounds contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material preferably have substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl groups. Having substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl groups is preferable because it can enhance the electron injection from the cathode or electron injection layer.

[0077] Furthermore, the hydrocarbon groups in the organic compounds contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals are preferably alkyl groups or cycloalkyl groups, and the alkyl groups preferably have branching with 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0078] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned materials for light-emitting devices or electron transport layers, the glass transition temperature of the organic compound is preferably 90°C or higher. More preferably, the glass transition temperature is 100°C or higher, even more preferably 110°C or higher, and particularly preferably 120°C or higher.

[0079] Next, an organic compound that can also be applied as one embodiment of the organic compound contained in the above-mentioned light-emitting device material or electron transport layer material, and which is one embodiment of the present invention, will be described below.

[0080] In other words, one aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by general formula (G1).

[0081] [ka]

[0082] In the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 R represents one of the following: hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-1). 1 ~R 15 At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is between 10% and 60%.

[0083] In the composition of the organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, as the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, which can improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound. Furthermore, a higher total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals improves heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too high, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in the organic compound is inhibited, reducing carrier transport properties (electron transport and electron injection properties, etc.). Therefore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is preferably 10% to 60%, and more preferably 20% to 50%. Moreover, it is preferable that the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule be 20% to 40%.

[0084] Furthermore, when the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) is formed only of a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a six-membered aromatic ring (i.e., a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group), and a hydrocarbon group (alkyl group or alicyclic group) that forms a bond with sp3 hybrid orbitals (i.e., does not contain a fused ring), it is preferable because the refractive index becomes lower and the carrier (electron) transport properties become higher.

[0085] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 As the 6-membered ring having the above formula (G1), a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. When the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) is used in a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or in a layer in contact with the active layer, a triazine ring, pyrazine ring, and pyrimidine ring are preferred, with a triazine ring being particularly preferred, as they allow electrons to be easily injected into these layers and have good electron transport properties.

[0086] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), the total number of substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups) per molecule is more preferably 4 to 10, considering the synthesis cost, and even more preferably 6 or more to lower the refractive index. Similarly, using larger substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups, etc.) is more effective in lowering the refractive index even with a smaller number of substituents, and considering the synthesis cost, it is more preferable that the alkyl group has 4 or more carbon atoms. It is even more preferable that the alicyclic group has 6 or more carbon atoms.

[0087] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1), the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group. The phenyl group is particularly preferred because it can lower the refractive index. The naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, and fluorenyl group are also preferred because they can raise the glass transition temperature. Moreover, substituting these aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that form the ring with a branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms is preferred because it raises the glass transition temperature while simultaneously preventing an increase in refractive index (i.e., maintaining a low refractive index). Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the above ring is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, phenyl groups substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group and 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, are preferred. Also, phenyl groups substituted with a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 3-t-butyl-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl-5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl group, are preferred. Furthermore, when fused rings are used and there are three or more fused rings, it is preferable that the refractive index can be lowered compared to polyacene if the other six-membered rings are fused to the six-membered ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position. For example, the refractive index of a phenanthrene ring can be lowered compared to an anthracene ring.

[0088] Furthermore, as the C1 to C6 alkyl group in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, etc. can be used. In addition, as the C3 to C10 alicyclic group, cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclodecanyl group, bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc. can be used.

[0089] In addition, the hydrogen atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above can be partially or entirely replaced with deuterium atoms. In this case, when used in the light-emitting layer or a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer of a light-emitting device, a long-life device can be expected. On the other hand, it is preferable if all the hydrogen atoms are light hydrogen, as this can reduce synthesis costs.

[0090] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G2).

[0091] [ka]

[0092] In the above general formula (G2), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 1 ~R 15At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is between 10% and 60%.

[0093] In the composition of the organic compound represented by the general formula (G2) above, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, as the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, which can improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound. Furthermore, a higher total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals improves heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too high, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in the organic compound is inhibited, reducing carrier transport properties (electron transport and electron injection properties, etc.). Therefore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is preferably 10% to 60%, and more preferably 20% to 50%. Moreover, it is preferable that the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule be 20% to 40%.

[0094] Furthermore, the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) is Q 1 ~Q3 When the ring is formed only of a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a six-membered aromatic ring (i.e., a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group) and a hydrocarbon group (alkyl group or alicyclic group) that forms a bond with an sp3 hybrid orbital (i.e., does not contain a fused ring), the refractive index is lower and the carrier (electron) transportability is higher, which is preferable.

[0095] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), Q 1 ~Q 3 As the 6-membered ring containing the above formula (G2), a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. When the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) is used in a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or in a layer in contact with the active layer, a triazine ring, pyrazine ring, and pyrimidine ring are preferred, with a triazine ring being particularly preferred, as they allow for easy electron injection into these layers and have good electron transport properties.

[0096] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), the total number of substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups) per molecule is more preferably 4 to 10, considering the synthesis cost, and even more preferably 6 or more to lower the refractive index. Similarly, using larger substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups, etc.) is more effective in lowering the refractive index even with a smaller number of substituents, and considering the synthesis cost, it is more preferable that the alkyl group has 4 or more carbon atoms. It is even more preferable that the alicyclic group has 6 or more carbon atoms.

[0097] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group. The phenyl group is particularly preferred because it can lower the refractive index. The naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, and fluorenyl group are also preferred because they can raise the glass transition temperature. Moreover, substituting these ring-forming aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms with a branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms is preferred because it raises the glass transition temperature while simultaneously preventing an increase in refractive index (i.e., maintaining a low refractive index). Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the above ring is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, phenyl groups substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group and 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, are preferred. Also, phenyl groups substituted with a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 3-t-butyl-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl-5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl group, are preferred. Furthermore, when fused rings are used and there are three or more fused rings, it is preferable that the refractive index can be lowered compared to polyacene if the other six-membered rings are fused to the six-membered ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position. For example, the refractive index of a phenanthrene ring can be lowered compared to an anthracene ring.

[0098] Furthermore, as the C1 to C6 alkyl group in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2), the following can be used: methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, etc. Also, as the C3 to C10 alicyclic group, the following can be used: cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclodecanyl group, bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc.

[0099] In addition, the hydrogen atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G2) above can be partially or entirely replaced with deuterium atoms. In this case, when used in the light-emitting layer or a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer of a light-emitting device, a long-life device can be expected. On the other hand, it is preferable that all the hydrogen atoms be light hydrogen, as this can reduce synthesis costs.

[0100] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3).

[0101] [ka]

[0102] In the above general formula (G3), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , R 14At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms that form bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals relative to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is between 10% and 60%.

[0103] In the composition of the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3) above, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, as the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, which can improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound. Furthermore, a higher total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals is desirable because it improves heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too high, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in the organic compound is inhibited, which reduces carrier transport properties (electron transport and electron injection properties, etc.). Therefore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is preferably 10% to 60%, and more preferably 20% to 50%. Moreover, it is preferable that the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule be 20% to 40%.

[0104] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), Q 1~Q 3 As the 6-membered ring containing the above formula (G3), a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. When the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) is used in a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer or in a layer in contact with the active layer, a triazine ring, pyrazine ring, and pyrimidine ring are preferred, with a triazine ring being particularly preferred, as they allow for easy electron injection into these layers and have good electron transport properties.

[0105] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), the total number of substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups) per molecule is more preferably 4 to 10, considering the synthesis cost, and even more preferably 6 or more to lower the refractive index. Similarly, using larger substituents (alkyl groups and alicyclic groups, etc.) is more effective in lowering the refractive index even with a smaller number of substituents, and considering the synthesis cost, it is more preferable that the alkyl group has 4 or more carbon atoms. It is even more preferable that the alicyclic group has 6 or more carbon atoms.

[0106] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3), the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring can be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group. The phenyl group is particularly preferred because it can lower the refractive index. The naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, and fluorenyl group are also preferred because they can raise the glass transition temperature. Moreover, substituting these aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that form the ring with a branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms is preferred because it raises the glass transition temperature while simultaneously preventing an increase in refractive index (i.e., maintaining a low refractive index). Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the above ring is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, phenyl groups substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group and 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, are preferred. Also, phenyl groups substituted with a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 3-t-butyl-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl group and 3-cyclohexyl-5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl group, are preferred. Furthermore, when fused rings are used and there are three or more fused rings, it is preferable that the refractive index can be lowered compared to polyacene if the other six-membered rings are fused to the six-membered ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position. For example, the refractive index of a phenanthrene ring can be lowered compared to an anthracene ring.

[0107] In the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3), as the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, etc. can be used. As the alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclodecanyl group, a bicyclooctyl group, an adamantyl group, etc. can be used.

[0108] Note that the hydrogen atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3) can be partially or entirely replaced with deuterium atoms. In this case, when used in the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting device or a layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer, a long-life device can be expected. On the other hand, it is preferable that all hydrogen atoms are protium because the synthesis cost can be suppressed.

[0109] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group in the organic compounds represented by the general formula (G1), the general formula (G2), and the general formula (G3) is represented by the formula (G1-2). By having the group represented by the formula (G1-2), when used in the electron transport layer of the light-emitting device, the injection of electrons from the cathode side becomes good, and the driving voltage can be reduced, which is preferable. In this case, it is more preferable to use a mixed layer of the organic compounds represented by the general formula (G1), the general formula (G2), and the general formula (G3) and an alkyl complex such as 6-methyl-8-quinolinolato-lithium (abbreviation: Li-6mq) because the driving voltage can be further reduced, the light extraction efficiency is improved, and the light-emitting efficiency is improved.

[0110]

Chemical formula

[0111] In the above formula (G1-2), α represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group. And R 20represents one of the following: a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. m represents 0 to 2. If m is 2, the multiple αs may be the same or different. n represents 1 or 2. If n is 2, multiple Rs may be... 20 These can be the same or different.

[0112] In the above configuration, R in the organic compounds represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) 2 and R 4 Preferably, one or both of the groups are substituted or unsubstituted groups containing one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by the above formula (G1-2). However, R 2 and R 4 If both are groups represented by formula (G1-2), the two groups represented by formula (G1-2) may be the same or different.

[0113] Furthermore, in substituted or unsubstituted groups containing any one of the pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, or triazinyl groups represented by the above formula (G1-2), the C1 to C6 alkyl group can be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, etc. In addition, the alicyclic group having C3 to C10 can be a cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclodecanyl group, bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc.

[0114] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), which includes one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, is represented by formula (G1-3).

[0115] [ka]

[0116] In the above formula (G1-3), R 21 represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the formula (G1-3-1). Also, R 22 represents a group represented by the formula (G1-3-1). In the formula (G1-3-1), R 23 and R 24 each independently represent any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group, provided that at least one of R 23 and R 24 is any one of a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. Also, n represents 0 to 2. When n is 2, the plurality of R 21 may be the same or different from each other.

[0117] Note that in the organic compounds represented by the general formula (G1), the general formula (G2), and the general formula (G3), it is preferable that either one or both of R 2 and R 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by the above formula (G1-3). However, when both of R 2 and R 4 are groups represented by the formula (G1-3), the two groups represented by the formula (G1-3) may be the same or different from each other.

[0118] Furthermore, in substituted or unsubstituted groups containing any one of the pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, or triazinyl groups represented by the above formula (G1-3), the C1 to C6 alkyl group can be a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, etc. In addition, the alicyclic group having C3 to C10 can be a cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclodecanyl group, bicyclooctyl group, adamantyl group, etc.

[0119] In each of the above configurations, in the organic compounds represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), if the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring has substituents, it is preferable that the substituent is one of the following: an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0120] As alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl groups can be used. As alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclodecanyl, bicyclooctyl, and adamantyl groups can be used.

[0121] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms the ring in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) is one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenantrenyl group, or a fluorenyl group.

[0122] Phenyl groups are particularly preferred because they can lower the refractive index. Naphthyl, phenanthryl, and fluorenyl groups are also preferred because they can raise the glass transition temperature. Furthermore, substituting the 6-14 carbon atom aromatic hydrocarbon groups forming these rings with branched 3-5 carbon atom alkyl or cycloalkyl groups is preferred because it raises the glass transition temperature while simultaneously preventing an increase in refractive index (i.e., maintaining a low refractive index). From the viewpoint of reducing the refractive index, it is preferable that the 6-14 carbon atom aromatic hydrocarbon groups forming the above rings are substituted with either a 1-6 carbon atom alkyl group, a 3-10 carbon atom alicyclic group, or a 6-14 carbon atom aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring substituted with a 1-6 carbon atom alkyl group or a 3-10 carbon atom alicyclic group. For example, phenyl groups substituted with 1-6 carbon atom alkyl groups or 3-10 carbon atom alicyclic groups, such as 1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl group and 1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl group, are preferred. Furthermore, phenyl groups substituted with alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 3-t-butyl-5-[1,3-di(t-butyl)phenyl]phenyl groups and 3-cyclohexyl-5-[1,3-dicyclohexylphenyl]phenyl groups, are preferred. Also, when a fused ring is used and there are three or more fused rings, it is preferable that the other six-membered rings are fused to the six-membered ring at only the a-position and at least one of the c-position and e-position, because this can result in a lower refractive index compared to polyacene. For example, a phenanthrene ring can have a lower refractive index than an anthracene ring.

[0123] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms that forms a ring in the organic compounds represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) is represented by any one of the following formulas (ra-1) to (ra-16). In particular, using a group having a cyclohexyl group, such as those in formulas (ra-2), (ra-4), and (ra-6), is preferable because it allows for a lower refractive index while also making it less likely for the driving voltage to become high when used as an electron transport material for charge transport elements such as light-emitting devices.

[0124] [ka]

[0125] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3) is either an unsubstituted pyridinyl group or a pyridinyl group substituted with one or more methyl groups.

[0126] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the alicyclic group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), and in the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1), is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0127] In each of the above configurations, it is preferable that the C1 to C6 alkyl group in the organic compound represented by general formula (G1), general formula (G2), and general formula (G3), and the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, or triazinyl group represented by formulas (G1-3) and (G1-3-1), is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0128] Another aspect of the present invention is an organic compound represented by the general formula (G3').

[0129] [ka]

[0130] In the above general formula (G3'), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also, R 2 is the formula (R2 The group represented by -1) is R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , R 14 Each of these independently represents one of the bases represented by equations (r-1) to (r-44). Note that equation (R 2 -1) In this case, β represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyldiyl group, R 25 represents one of the groups represented by formulas (r-1) to (r-24), and n represents 1 or 2. The organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is between 10% and 60%.

[0131] In the composition of the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3') above, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals affects the refractive index of the organic compound. That is, as the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals increases, the refractive index decreases, which can improve the light extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices using this compound. Furthermore, a higher total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals improves heat resistance, such as the glass transition temperature, which is desirable. However, if the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals becomes too high, the overlap of LUMOs between adjacent molecules in the organic compound is inhibited, reducing carrier transport properties (electron transport and electron injection properties, etc.). Therefore, the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is preferably 10% to 60%, and more preferably 20% to 50%. Moreover, it is preferable that the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds in sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule be 20% to 40%.

[0132] Furthermore, the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') is Q 1 ~Q 3When the ring is formed only of a six-membered heteroaromatic ring containing a six-membered aromatic ring (i.e., a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group) and a hydrocarbon group (alkyl group or alicyclic group) that forms a bond with an sp3 hybrid orbital (i.e., does not contain a fused ring), the refractive index is lower and the carrier (electron) transportability is higher, which is preferable.

[0133] Furthermore, in the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3'), Q 1 ~Q 3 As the 6-membered ring containing the above formula (G3'), a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, or a triazine ring can be used. When the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3') is used in a layer in contact with the luminescent layer or in a layer in contact with the active layer, a triazine ring, pyrazine ring, or pyrimidine ring is preferred, and a triazine ring is particularly preferred, as these rings facilitate electron injection into these layers and have good electron transport properties.

[0134] [ka]

[0135] [ka]

[0136] [ka]

[0137] In the above configuration, the above formula (R 2 In the group represented by (-1), it is preferable that β is a group represented by any one of the following formulas (β-1) to (β-14).

[0138] [ka]

[0139] In addition, the hydrogen atoms in the organic compound represented by the general formula (G3') above can be partially or entirely replaced with deuterium atoms. In this case, when used in the light-emitting layer or a layer in contact with the light-emitting layer of a light-emitting device, a long-life device can be expected. On the other hand, it is preferable if all the hydrogen atoms are light hydrogen, as this can reduce synthesis costs.

[0140] Next, specific examples of organic compounds having the above-described configurations, which represent one aspect of the present invention, are shown below.

[0141] [ka]

[0142] [ka]

[0143] [ka]

[0144] [ka]

[0145] [ka]

[0146] [ka]

[0147] [ka]

[0148] [ka]

[0149] [Chemical]

[0150] [Chemical]

[0151] [Chemical]

[0152] For example, in the general formula (G3), the structural formula (138) represents an organic compound having a pyrimidinyl group with two methyl groups as substituents on R 2 and a phenyl group with two tert-butyl groups as substituents on R 4 .

[0153] Also, for example, the structural formulas (111), (131), and (147) represent organic compounds having a pyrimidinyl-tert-butylphenylene group as a group containing a pyrimidinyl group on R 2 , R 7 , and R 12 in the general formula (G3). In other words, the structural formulas (111), (131), and (147) represent an organic compound in which the group containing a pyrimidinyl group in the general formula (G3) is represented by the formula (G1-3). In the formula (G1-3), R 21 is hydrogen, n is 1, R 23 is hydrogen, and R 24 is a pyrimidinyl group.

[0154] The organic compounds represented by the above structural formulas (100) to (116), (118) to (122), and (124) to (199) are examples of the organic compounds represented by the above general formula (G1), but the organic compounds in one aspect of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0155] Next, an embodiment of the present invention, a method for synthesizing an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1), will be described.

[0156] [ka]

[0157] In the above general formula (G1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 R represents one of the following: hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-1). 1 ~R 15 At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. The organic compound represented by the general formula (G1) above has multiple hydrocarbon groups selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and alicyclic groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the proportion of the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule that form bonds with sp3 hybrid orbitals is between 10% and 60%.

[0158] ≪Synthesis method for organic compounds represented by general formula (G1)≫ The following describes an example of a synthesis method for an organic compound represented by general formula (G1). Various reactions can be applied to the synthesis of these organic compounds. For example, as shown in the synthesis scheme (A-1) below, the target compound (G1) can be synthesized by coupling an arylboron compound (a1) with a heteroaryl halogen (a2). In this reaction, a synthesis method using a metal catalyst in the presence of a base can be used; for example, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction can be used.

[0159] [ka]

[0160] In the above synthesis scheme (A-1), Q 1 ~Q 3 Among them, 1 through 3 represent N, and Q 1 ~Q 3 If 1 or 2 of them is N, then the remaining 2 or 1 represents CH. Also R 0 In formula (a1), R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (a1-1). In general formula (G1), R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (G1-1). 1 ~R 15At least one of the groups is a substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent hydrogen, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which independently represents one of a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 alicyclic group, a C6 to C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group forming a ring, or a pyridinyl group. Y represents a boronic acid ester such as boronic acid or pinacolboron. X represents one of chlorine, bromine, iodine, or a sulfonyloxy group, and it is preferable to use the one with the larger atomic number because the reactivity is increased. Alternatively, X may be a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester such as pinacolboron, and Y may be a halogen or sulfonyloxy group, and these may be reacted together.

[0161] In this synthesis scheme, the R of the halogenated heteroaryl (a2) 12 An example of a reaction in which the Y of the group (a1-1) of the arylboron compound (a1) is substituted is shown. A similar reaction is performed on the R of the arylboron compound (a1). 1 ~R 11 , R 13 ~R 15 It may also be done at the substitution position of the arylboron compound (a1). 1 ~R 11 , R 13 ~R 15 Let Y be one or more of the following (boronic acid, pinacol boron, or other boronic acid esters), and the arylboron compound be R 1 ~R 11 , R 13 ~R 15 The target compound (G1) may also be synthesized by reacting one or more of the following with a compound having X (a halogen or a sulfonyloxy group).

[0162] Note that R in the above general formula (G1)0 When it is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R of the arylboron compound (a1) 1 to R 10 Any one of them may be used as Y, and a reaction may be carried out by reacting the halogenated heteroaryl (a2) in the same manner as in the synthesis scheme (A-1).

[0163] In the above synthesis scheme (A-1), when performing the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction using a palladium catalyst, palladium compounds such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium(II) acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), etc., and ligands such as 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl can be used. Also, inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate, etc. can be used. Further, as the solvent, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, water, etc. can be used. Note that the reagents that can be used in the reaction are not limited to these reagents.

[0164] As described above, an example of the method for synthesizing an organic compound according to one embodiment of the present invention has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and it may be synthesized by any other synthesis method.

[0165] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configuration shown in other embodiments.

[0166] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device using the organic compound shown in Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1(A) to 1(E).

[0167] ≪Specific structure of the light-emitting device≫ In the light-emitting devices shown in Figures 1(A) to 1(E), the light-emitting devices shown in Figures 1(A) and 1(C) have a structure in which an EL layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes (single structure), whereas Figures 1(B), 1(D), and 1(E) have a structure in which two or more EL layers sandwiched between a pair of electrodes are stacked with a charge generation layer in between (tandem structure). In all structures, the configuration of the EL layer is the same. Furthermore, if the light-emitting device shown in Figure 1(D) has a microcavity structure, the first electrode 101 is formed as a reflective electrode, and the second electrode 102 is formed as a semi-transparent / semi-reflective electrode. Therefore, one or more desired electrode materials can be used and formed as a single layer or stacked. The second electrode 102 is formed by selecting a material in the same manner as above after the EL layer 103b is formed.

[0168] <First electrode and second electrode> As materials for forming the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, any combination of the following materials can be used as long as the functions of both electrodes described above are met. For example, metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof can be used as appropriate. Specifically, these include In-Sn oxide (also called ITO), In-Si-Sn oxide (also called ITSO), In-Zn oxide, and In-W-Zn oxide. In addition, metals such as aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), yttrium (Y), neodymium (Nd), and alloys containing these in appropriate combinations can also be used. In addition, elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table not exemplified above (for example, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr)), rare earth metals such as europium (Eu) and ytterbium (Yb), and alloys containing these in appropriate combinations, as well as graphene and other materials can be used.

[0169] In the light-emitting devices shown in Figures 1(A) and 1(C), when the first electrode 101 is the anode, the EL layer 103 is formed on the first electrode 101 by vacuum deposition. Specifically, as shown in Figure 1(C), between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, the EL layer 103 consists of a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, a light-emitting layer 113, an electron transport layer 114, and an electron injection layer 115, which are sequentially laminated by vacuum deposition. In the light-emitting devices shown in Figures 1(B), 1(D), and 1(E), when the first electrode 101 is the anode, the hole injection layer 111a and the hole transport layer 112a of the EL layer 103a are sequentially laminated on the first electrode 101 by vacuum deposition. After the EL layer 103a and the charge generation layer 106 (or charge generation layer 106a) are formed, the hole injection layer 111b and the hole transport layer 112b of the EL layer 103b are similarly and sequentially laminated on the charge generation layer 106 (or charge generation layer 106a).

[0170] <Hole injection layer> The hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b) are layers that inject holes from the first electrode 101, which is the anode, and the charge generation layers (106, 106a, 106b) into the EL layers (103, 103a, 103b), and are layers that contain either or both an organic acceptor material and / or a material with high hole injection potential.

[0171] Organic acceptor materials are materials that can generate holes in an organic compound by separating its charge from other organic compounds whose LUMO (Low Energy Molecular Energy) level values ​​are similar to those of the HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) level values. Therefore, compounds having electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., halogen groups or cyano groups), such as quinodimethane derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives, can be used as organic acceptor materials. For example, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviated as F4-TCNQ), 3,6-difluoro-2,5,7,7,8,8-hexacyanoquinodimethane, chloranil, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexazatriphenylene (abbreviated as HAT-CN), 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluorotetracyano-naphthoquinodimethane (abbreviated as F6-TCNNQ), 2-(7-dicyanomethylene-1,3,4,5,6,8,9,10-octafluoro-7H-pyrene-2-ylidene)malononitrile, etc. can be used. Furthermore, among organic acceptor materials, compounds in which an electron-withdrawing group is bonded to a condensed aromatic ring having multiple heteroatoms, such as HAT-CN, are particularly suitable because they have high acceptor properties and the film quality is stable with respect to heat. In addition, radialene derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group (especially a halogen group such as a fluoro group or a cyano group) [3] are also preferred because they have very high electron-accepting properties. Specifically, α,α',α''-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidenates[4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzeneacetonitrile], α,α',α''-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidenates[2,6-dichloro-3,5-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzeneacetonitrile], and α,α',α''-1,2,3-cyclopropanetriylidenates[2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzeneacetonitrile] can be used.

[0172] Furthermore, as materials with high hole injection potential, oxides of metals belonging to groups 4 through 8 of the periodic table (such as molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and other transition metal oxides) can be used. Specifically, examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide. Among these, molybdenum oxide is preferred because it is stable in the atmosphere, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle. In addition, phthalocyanine compounds such as phthalocyanine (abbreviated as H2Pc) or copper phthalocyanine (abbreviated as CuPc) can be used.

[0173] In addition to the above materials, the low molecular weight compounds 4,4',4''-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N'-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl}-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5- Aromatic amine compounds such as tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), and 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1) can be used.

[0174] Furthermore, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviated as PVK), poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviated as PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide] (abbreviated as PTPDMA), and poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (abbreviated as Poly-TPD) can be used. Alternatively, polymer compounds to which acids such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (abbreviated as PEDOT / PSS) and polyaniline / poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (abbreviated as PAni / PSS) can be added can also be used.

[0175] Furthermore, as a material with high hole injection capabilities, a composite material containing a hole transport material and the aforementioned organic acceptor material (electron-accepting material) can also be used. In this case, electrons are extracted from the hole transport material by the organic acceptor material, generating holes in the hole injection layer 111, and these holes are injected into the light-emitting layer 113 via the hole transport layer 112. The hole injection layer 111 may be formed as a single layer of a composite material containing a hole transport material and an organic acceptor material (electron-accepting material), or it may be formed by laminating the hole transport material and the organic acceptor material (electron-accepting material) in separate layers.

[0176] Furthermore, for hole-transporting materials, the hole mobility at which the square root of the electric field strength [V / cm] is 600 is 1 × 10⁻⁶. -6 cm 2 A material having a hole mobility of / Vs or higher is preferred. However, any material that has higher hole transport than electron transport can be used.

[0177] As hole-transporting materials, materials with high hole-transporting properties such as π-electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives, furan derivatives, or thiophene derivatives) and aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton) are preferred.

[0178] Examples of the above-mentioned carbazole derivatives (compounds having a carbazole skeleton) include bicarbazole derivatives (e.g., 3,3'-bicarbazole derivatives) and aromatic amines having a carbazolyl group.

[0179] Furthermore, specific examples of the above-mentioned bicarbazole derivatives (for example, 3,3'-bicarbazole derivatives) include 3,3'-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviated as PCCP), 9,9'-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as BisBPCz), 9,9'-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl)-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as BismBPCz), 9-(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl)-9'-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (abbreviated as mBPCCBP), and 9-(2-naphthyl)-9'-phenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole (abbreviated as βNCCP).

[0180] Furthermore, examples of aromatic amines having the above-mentioned carbazolyl group include 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviated as PCBA1BP), N-(4-biphenyl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviated as PCBiF), and N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3- [9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-di(1-naphthyl)-4''-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl) Diphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 4-phenyldiphenyl-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)amine (abbreviation: PCA1BP), N,N'-bis(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (abbreviation: PCA2B), N,N',N''-triphenyl-N,N',N''-tris(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)benzene-1,3,5-triamine (abbreviation: PCA3B), 9 ,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-Bis[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), 3,[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA1), 3,6-Bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA2), 3,6-Bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-(1 Examples include -naphthyl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzTPN2), 2-[N-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: PCASF), N-[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N-(4-phenyl)phenylaniline (abbreviation: YGA1BP), N,N'-bis[4-(carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2F), and 4,4',4''-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA).

[0181] In addition to the above, other examples of carbazole derivatives include 3-[4-(9-phenanthryl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as PCPPn), 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as PCPN), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (abbreviated as mCP), 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (abbreviated as CBP), 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviated as CzTP), 1,3,5-tris[4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviated as TCPB), and 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as CzPA).

[0182] Furthermore, specific examples of the above-mentioned furan derivatives (compounds having a furan skeleton) include 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II) and 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II).

[0183] Furthermore, specific examples of the above-mentioned thiophene derivatives (compounds having a thiophene skeleton) include 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene) (abbreviated as DBT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviated as DBTFLP-III), and 4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviated as DBTFLP-IV).

[0184] Furthermore, the above aromatic amines specifically include 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviated as NPB or α-NPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (abbreviated as TPD), 4,4'-bis[N-(spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviated as BSPB), 4-phenyl-4'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviated as BPAFLP), and 4-phenyl-3 '-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N-{9,9-dimethyl-2-[N'-phenyl-N'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino]-9H-fluoren-7-yl}phenylamine (abbreviation: DFLADFL), N-(9,9-dimethyl-2-diphenylamino-9H-fluoren-7-yl)diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPNF), 2-[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]spiro-9 ,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPASF), 2,7-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPA2SF), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: 1'-TNATA), 4,4',4''-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: m-MTDATA), N, N'-di(p-tolyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DTDPPA), 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), DNTPD, 1,3,5-tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), N-(4-biphenyl)-6,N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BnfABP), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)-6-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf), 4,4'-bis(6-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-yl)-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BnfBB1BP), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-6-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(6)), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(8)) ), N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-4-amine (abbreviation: BBABnf(II)(4)), N,N-bis[4-(dibenzofuran-4-yl)phenyl]-4-amino-p-terphenyl (abbreviation: DBfBB1TP), N-[4-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-N-phenyl-4-biphenylamine (abbreviation: ThBA1BP), 4-(2-naphthyl)-4',4''-diphenyltriphenyl Min (abbreviation: BBAβNB), 4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4',4''-diphenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNBi), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(6;1'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAαNβNB), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7;1'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAαNβNB-03), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7-phenyl)na Phthyl-2-yltriphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAPβNB-03), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(6;2'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBA(βN2)B), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(7;2'-binaphthyl-2-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBA(βN2)B-03), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-(4;2'-binaphthyl-1-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNαNB), 4,4'-Diphenyl-4''-(5;2'-binaphthyl-1-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BBAβNαNB-02), 4-(4-biphenylyl)-4'-(2-naphthyl)-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: TPBiAβNB), 4-(3-biphenylyl)-4'-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: mTPBiAβNBi), 4-(4-biphenylyl)-4'-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-4' '-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: TPBiAβNBi), 4-phenyl-4'-(1-naphthyl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: αNBA1BP), 4,4'-bis(1-naphthyl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: αNBB1BP), 4,4'-diphenyl-4''-[4'-(carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGTBi1BP), 4'-[4-(3-phenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]tris(1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl)amine (abbreviation: YGTBi1BP-02), 4-[4'-(carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]-4'-(2-naphthyl)-4''-phenyltriphenylamine (abbreviation: YGTBiβNB), N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-N-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBNBSF), N,N-bis([1,1'-bi Phenyl]-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-2-amine (abbreviation: BBASF), N,N-bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-4-amine (abbreviation: BBASF(4)), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio[9H-fluorene]-4-amine (abbreviation: oFBiSF), N-(4-biphenyl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)dibenzofuran-4-amine (abbreviation: FrBiF), N-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]-N-[3-(6-phenyldibenzofuran-4-yl)phenyl]-1-naphthylamine (abbreviation: mPDBfBNBN), 4-phenyl-4'-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLBi), N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2- Examples include N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-4-amine), N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio-9H-fluoren-3-amine, N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N,N-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9,9'-spirobio-9H-fluoren-1-amine, etc.

[0185] In addition, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviated as PVK), poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviated as PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide] (abbreviated as PTPDMA), and poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (abbreviated as Poly-TPD) can be used as hole transport materials. Alternatively, polymer compounds to which acids such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (abbreviated as PEDOT / PSS) and polyaniline / poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (abbreviated as PAni / PSS) can be added can also be used.

[0186] However, the hole transport material is not limited to the above, and various known materials may be used as a hole transport material by combining one or more of them.

[0187] The hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b) can be formed using various known film deposition methods, for example, by vacuum deposition.

[0188] <Hole transport layer> The hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b) are layers that transport holes injected from the first electrode 101 by the hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b) to the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b). The hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b) are layers containing a hole-transporting material. Therefore, the hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b) can use the same hole-transporting material that can be used in the hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b).

[0189] In one embodiment of the present invention, the same organic compound used in the hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b) can be used in the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b). Using the same organic compound in both the hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b) and the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b) is preferable because it allows for more efficient transport of holes from the hole transport layer (112, 112a, 112b) to the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b).

[0190] <Luminous layer> The light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) are layers containing a light-emitting material. The light-emitting material that can be used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) can be any material that exhibits a light-emitting color such as blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, or red. Furthermore, if there are multiple light-emitting layers, a configuration exhibiting different light-emitting colors can be achieved by using different light-emitting materials in each layer (for example, white light emission obtained by combining complementary light-emitting colors). Additionally, a laminated structure in which each light-emitting layer contains a different light-emitting material is also possible.

[0191] Furthermore, the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) may contain one or more types of organic compounds (host materials, etc.) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).

[0192] Furthermore, when multiple host materials are used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b), it is preferable to use a material with a larger energy gap than the energy gaps of the existing guest material and the first host material as the newly added second host material. It is also preferable that the lowest singlet excitation energy level (S1 level) of the second host material is higher than the S1 level of the first host material, and that the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1 level) of the second host material is higher than the T1 level of the guest material. Furthermore, it is preferable that the lowest triplet excitation energy level (T1 level) of the second host material is higher than the T1 level of the first host material. With this configuration, an excitation complex can be formed using two types of host materials. In order to efficiently form the excitation complex, it is particularly preferable to combine a compound that readily accepts holes (hole transport material) with a compound that readily accepts electrons (electron transport material). This configuration also enables the simultaneous achievement of high efficiency, low voltage, and long lifespan.

[0193] The organic compounds used as the host material (including the first and second host materials) can be hole-transporting materials that can be used in the aforementioned hole-transporting layers (112, 112a, 112b), or electron-transporting materials that can be used in the electron-transporting layers (114, 114a, 114b) described later, as long as they satisfy the conditions for being a host material used in the light-emitting layer. An excited complex composed of multiple types of organic compounds (the first and second host materials) is also acceptable. An excited complex (also called an exciplex) that forms an excited state with multiple types of organic compounds has an extremely small difference between the S1 and T1 levels and functions as a TADF material that can convert triplet excitation energy into singlet excitation energy. Furthermore, as a combination of multiple types of organic compounds that form an excited complex, for example, it is preferable that one has a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring and the other has a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring. Furthermore, as a combination for forming the excitation complex, one of the components may be a phosphorescent material such as an iridium, rhodium, or platinum-based organometallic complex, or a metal complex.

[0194] There are no particular limitations on the luminescent material that can be used in the luminescent layers (113, 113a, 113b). A luminescent material that converts singlet excitation energy into visible light emission, or a luminescent material that converts triplet excitation energy into visible light emission, can be used.

[0195] <<Luminescent material that converts singlet excitation energy into light emission>> Examples of luminescent materials that can be used in the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b) to convert singlet excitation energy into light include the following fluorescent materials (fluorescent materials). For example, pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives are examples. Pyrene derivatives are particularly preferred because they have a high luminescence quantum yield. Specific examples of pyrene derivatives include N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMemFLPAPrn), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis(dibenzofuran-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FrAPrn), N,N'-bis(dibenzothiophen-2-yl)-N, Examples include N'-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6ThAPrn), N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(N-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-6-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn), N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(N-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-02), and N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(6,N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-03).

[0196] Also, 5,6-bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis[4'-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2BPy), N,N'-bis[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenylstilbene-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazole (9-yl)-4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA), 4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)-4'- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPA), 4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-antryl)phenyl]-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPBA), perylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (abbreviation: TBP), N,N''-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1-phenyl) Nilen)bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviated as DPABPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviated as 2PCAPPA), N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviated as 2DPAPPA), etc. can be used.

[0197] Also, N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCABPhA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPABPhA), 9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl -2-yl)-N-[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N-phenylanthracene-2-amine (abbreviation: 2YGABPhA), N,N,9-triphenylanthracene-9-amine (abbreviation: DPhAPhA), coumarin 545T, N,N'-diphenylquinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), rubren, 5,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-6,11-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: BPT), 2-(2-{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-yl DCM1)propanedinitrile, 2-{2-methyl-6-[2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (DCM2), N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine (p-mPhTD), 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluorantene-3,10-diamine (p -mPhAFD), 2-{2-isopropyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTI), 2-{2-tert-butyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTB), 2-(2,6-Bis{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCM), 2-{2,6-Bis[2-(8-methoxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinoridine-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCJTM), 1,6BnfAP Examples include rn-03, 3,10-bis[N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02), and 3,10-bis[N-(dibenzofuran-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviation: 3,10FrA2Nbf(IV)-02). In particular, pyrenediamine compounds such as 1,6FLPAPrn, 1,6mMemFLPAPrn, and 1,6BnfAPrn-03 can be used.

[0198] <<Luminescent material that converts triplet excitation energy into light emission>> Next, examples of light-emitting materials that can be used in the light-emitting layer 113 to convert triplet excitation energy into light include phosphorescent materials (phosphorescent materials) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence.

[0199] A phosphorescent material is a compound that exhibits phosphorescence and does not fluoresce at any temperature range above low temperatures (e.g., 77K) and below room temperature (i.e., between 77K and 313K). The phosphorescent material preferably contains a metal element with strong spin-orbit interaction, and examples include organometallic complexes, metal complexes (platinum complexes), and rare earth metal complexes. Specifically, transition metal elements are preferred, and particularly platinum group elements (ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), or platinum (Pt)) are preferred. The presence of iridium is especially preferable because it increases the transition probability involved in the direct transition between the singlet ground state and the triplet excited state.

[0200] ≪Phosphorescent materials (450nm to 570nm: blue or green)≫ Examples of phosphorescent materials that exhibit blue or green light and have a peak wavelength of emission spectrum between 450 nm and 570 nm include the following:

[0201] For example, Tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-κN2]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpptz-dmp)3]), Tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz)3]), Tris[4-(3-biphenyl Organometallic complexes having a 4H-triazole skeleton, such as Tris[3-(5-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrptz-3b)3]), Tris[3-(5-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPr5btz)3]), Tris[3-methyl-1-(2 Organometallic complexes having a 1H-triazole skeleton such as tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz1-mp)3]), tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Prptz1-Me)3]), fac-tris[1-(2,6-diisopropylf Organometallic complexes with an imidazole skeleton, such as [phenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrpmi)3]), tris[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmpimpt-Me)3]), and bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl) borate (abbreviation: FIr6), bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: Firpic), bis{2-[3',5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: [Ir(CF3ppy)2(pic)]), bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate-N,C 2’Examples include organometallic complexes that use phenylpyridine derivatives having electron-withdrawing groups as ligands, such as iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviated as Fir(acac)).

[0202] ≪Phosphorescent materials (495nm to 590nm: green or yellow)≫ Examples of phosphorescent materials that exhibit a green or yellow color and have a peak wavelength of emission spectrum between 495 nm and 590 nm include the following:

[0203] For example, tris(4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppm)3]), tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)3]), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppm)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-tert- (Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis[6-(2-norbornyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(nbppm)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6-(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpmppm) Organometallic iridium(III) with a pyrimidine skeleton, such as (acetylacetonato)bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl-κN3]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmppm-dmp)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dppm)2(acac)]). iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton, such as (acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyradinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-Me)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyradinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-iPr)2(acac)]), and tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C) 2’ Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)3]), bis(2-phenylpyridinate-N,C) 2’Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)2(acac)]), bis(benzo[h]quinolinate)iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq)2(acac)]), tris(benzo[h]quinolinate)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq)3]), tris(2-phenylquinolinate-N,C) 2’ Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)3]), bis(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C) 2’ iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)2(acac)]), bis[2-(2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC][2-(4-phenyl-2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC], iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)2(4dppy)]), organometallic iridium complexes having a pyridine skeleton such as bis[2-(2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC][2-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-pyridinyl-κN)phenyl-κC], and bis(2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(dpo)2(acac)]), bis{2-[4'-(perfluorophenyl)phenyl]pyridinate-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(p-PF-ph)2(acac)]), bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolat-N,C) 2’ Examples include organometallic complexes such as iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviated as [Ir(bt)2(acac)]), as well as rare earth metal complexes such as tris(acetylacetonate)(monophenanthroline)terbium(III) (abbreviated as [Tb(acac)3(Phen)]).

[0204] ≪Phosphorescent materials (570nm to 750nm: yellow or red)≫ Examples of phosphorescent materials that exhibit a yellow or red color and have a peak wavelength of emission spectrum between 570 nm and 750 nm include the following:

[0205] For example, (diisobutyrylmethanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)]), bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dpm)]), (dipivaloylmethanato)bis[4,6-di(naphthalene-1-yl)pyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(d1npm)2(dpm)]), and other pyramidal compounds. Organometallic complexes having a limidine skeleton: (acetylacetonato)bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr)2(acac)]), bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato)(dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr)2(dpm)]), bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-pyrazinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ 2 O,O') Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-P)2(dibm)]), bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[5-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-pyradinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ 2 O,O') Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-dmCP)2(dpm)]), bis[2-(5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-pyrazinyl-κN)-4,6-dimethylphenyl-κC](2,2',6,6'-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ2O,O') Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-dmp)2(dpm)]), (acetylacetonato)bis[2-methyl-3-phenylquinoxalinato-N,C 2’ Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpq)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(2,3-diphenylquinoxalinato-N,C) 2’Organometallic complexes with a pyrazine skeleton, such as iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dpq)2(acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis[2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Fdpq)2(acac)]), and tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C) 2’ Iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(piq)3]), bis(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C) 2’ Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(piq)2(acac)]), bis[4,6-dimethyl-2-(2-quinolinyl-κN)phenyl-κC](2,4-pentanedionato-κ 2 Examples include organometallic complexes with a pyridine skeleton, such as O,O')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmpqn)2(acac)]), platinum complexes such as 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) (abbreviation: [PtOEP]), and rare earth metal complexes such as tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato)(monophenanthroline)europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(DBM)3(Phen)]) and tris[1-(2-tenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetonato](monophenanthroline)europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(TTA)3(Phen)]).

[0206] ≪TADF material≫ Furthermore, the following materials can be used as TADF materials. A TADF material is a material in which the difference between the S1 level and the T1 level is small (preferably 0.2 eV or less), the triplet excited state can be upconverted to the singlet excited state with a small amount of thermal energy (reverse intersystem crossing), and the emission (fluorescence) from the singlet excited state is efficiently exhibited. Furthermore, conditions for efficiently obtaining thermally activated delayed fluorescence include an energy difference between the triplet excited energy level and the singlet excited energy level being 0 eV or more and 0.2 eV or less, preferably 0 eV or more and 0.1 eV or less. In addition, delayed fluorescence in TADF materials refers to emission that has a spectrum similar to normal fluorescence but with a remarkably long lifetime. Its lifetime is 1 × 10⁻⁶ -6 For more than a second, preferably 1 × 10⁻⁶ seconds. -3 It is more than a second.

[0207] Examples of TADF materials include fullerenes and their derivatives, acridine derivatives such as proflavin, and eosin. Also, metal-containing porphyrins containing magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (Pd) are also included. Examples of metal-containing porphyrins include protoporphyrin-tin fluoride complexes (abbreviated as SnF2(Proto IX)), mesoporphyrin-tin fluoride complexes (abbreviated as SnF2(Meso IX)), hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride complexes (abbreviated as SnF2(Hemato IX)), coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester-tin fluoride complexes (abbreviated as SnF2(Copro III-4Me)), octaethylporphyrin-tin fluoride complexes (abbreviated as SnF2(OEP)), etioporphyrin-tin fluoride complexes (abbreviated as SnF2(Etio I)), and octaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complexes (abbreviated as PtCl2OEP).

[0208] [ka]

[0209] Other examples include 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-phenylindoro[2,3-a]carbazol-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PIC-TRZ), 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn), and 2-[4-(10H-phenyl Noxazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4-(5-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: PPZ-3TPT), 3-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-acridine-10-yl)-9H-xanthene-9-one (abbreviation: ACRXTN), bis[4 -(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine)phenyl]sulfone (abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H,10'H-spiro[acridine-9,9'-anthracene]-10'-one (abbreviation: ACRSA), 4-(9'-phenyl-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzoflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4PCCzBfpm), 4-[4-(9'-phenyl Heterocyclic compounds having π-electron-rich heteroaromatic rings and π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic rings, such as -3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]benzofl[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4PCCzPBfpm) and 9-[3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenyl]-9'-phenyl-2,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: mPCCzPTzn-02), may also be used.

[0210] Furthermore, a substance in which a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring are directly bonded is particularly preferable because both the donor properties of the π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and the acceptor properties of the π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring become stronger, and the energy difference between the singlet excited state and the triplet excited state becomes smaller.

[0211] [ka]

[0212] In addition to the above, other materials that have the function of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission include nanostructures of transition metal compounds having a perovskite structure. Nanostructures of metal halogen perovskites are particularly preferred. Nanoparticles and nanorods are preferred as such nanostructures.

[0213] In the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b, 113c), the organic compounds (host materials, etc.) used in combination with the light-emitting material (guest material) described above may be one or more materials having an energy gap larger than the energy gap of the light-emitting material (guest material).

[0214] ≪Host materials for fluorescence emission≫ When the light-emitting material used in the light-emitting layer (113, 113a, 113b, 113c) is a fluorescent light-emitting material, it is preferable to use an organic compound (host material) that has a large singlet excited state energy level and a small triplet excited state energy level, or an organic compound with a high fluorescence quantum yield. Therefore, any organic compound that satisfies these conditions can be used, such as the hole transport material (described above) and electron transport material (described below) shown in this embodiment.

[0215] Although some of these overlap with the specific examples mentioned above, from the perspective of preferred combinations with luminescent substances (fluorescent substances), examples of organic compounds (host materials) include condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds such as anthracene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene derivatives.

[0216] Specific examples of organic compounds (host materials) that are preferable to use in combination with fluorescent luminescent substances include 9-phenyl-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as PCzPA), 3,6-diphenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as DPCzPA), 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as PCPN), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (abbreviated as DPAnth), and N,N-diphenyl-9-[4 -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: CzA1PA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), YGAPA, PCAPA, N,9-diphenyl-N-{4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]phenyl}-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPBA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), 6,12-dimethoxy-5,1 1-Diphenylchrysene, N,N,N',N',N'',N'',N''',N'''-Octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,10,15-tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1), 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 7-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (abbreviation: cgDBCzPA), 6-[3-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan (abbreviation :2mBnfPPA), 9-phenyl-10-{4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-biphenyl-4'-yl}anthracene (abbreviation: FLPPA), 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9,9'-biantryl (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9'-(stilbene-3,3'-diyl)diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,Examples include 9'-(stilbene-4,4'-diyl)diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1,3,5-tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene (abbreviation: TPB3), 5,12-diphenyltetracene, and 5,12-bis(biphenyl-2-yl)tetracene.

[0217] ≪Host materials for phosphorescence≫ Furthermore, when the luminescent material used in the luminescent layers (113, 113a, 113b, 113c) is a phosphorescent material, it is sufficient to select an organic compound (host material) to combine with it that has a triplet excitation energy greater than the triplet excitation energy of the luminescent material (the energy difference between the ground state and the triplet excited state). When using multiple organic compounds (for example, a first host material and a second host material (or assist material), etc.) in combination with the luminescent material to form an excited complex, it is preferable to mix these multiple organic compounds with the phosphorescent material.

[0218] This configuration allows for efficient emission using ExTET (Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer), which is energy transfer from the excited complex to the luminescent material. The combination of organic compounds should ideally be one that readily forms an excited complex, and a combination of a compound that readily accepts holes (hole transport material) and a compound that readily accepts electrons (electron transport material) is particularly preferable.

[0219] Although some of these overlap with the specific examples mentioned above, from the perspective of preferred combinations with luminescent substances (phosphorescent substances), examples of organic compounds (host materials, assist materials) include aromatic amines, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, zinc and aluminum-based metal complexes, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, and the like.

[0220] Furthermore, among the above-mentioned organic compounds, specific examples of aromatic amines and carbazole derivatives, which are organic compounds with high hole transport properties, are the same as the specific examples of hole transport materials described above, and all of these are preferred as host materials.

[0221] Furthermore, among the above organic compounds, specific examples of dibenzothiophene derivatives and dibenzofuran derivatives, which are organic compounds with high hole transport properties, include 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II), 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), DBT3P-II, and 2,8-diphenyl Examples include nyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviated as DBTFLP-III), 4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviated as DBTFLP-IV), and 4-[3-(triphenylene-2-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviated as mDBTPTp-II), all of which are preferred as host materials.

[0222] Furthermore, among the above, specific examples of metal complexes that are organic compounds (electron-transporting materials) with high electron transport properties include zinc-based or aluminum-based metal complexes such as tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviated as Alq), tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviated as Almq3), bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviated as BeBq2), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviated as BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviated as Znq), as well as metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton, all of which are preferred as host materials.

[0223] Other preferred host materials include metal complexes having oxazole-based or thiazole ligands such as bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviated as ZnPBO) and bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviated as ZnBTZ).

[0224] Furthermore, among the above organic compounds, specific examples of organic compounds with high electron transport properties (electron transport materials), such as oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, and phenanthroline derivatives, include 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), and 9-[ 4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO11), 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole) (abbreviation: TPBI), 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole (abbreviation: mDBTBIm-II), 4,4'- Bis(5-methylbenzoxazole-2-yl)stilbene (abbreviation: BzOS), vasophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen), vasocuproin (abbreviation: BCP), 2,9-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviation: NBPhen), 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation :2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzBPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II), and 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,Examples include [h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), and all of these are preferred as host materials.

[0225] Furthermore, among the above, specific examples of organic compounds with high electron transport properties (electron transport materials), such as heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton, heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton, and heterocyclic compounds having a pyridine skeleton, include 4,6-bis[3-(phenanthrene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 4,6-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCzP2Pm), and 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H- Examples include rubazole-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviated as PCCzPTzn), 9-[3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenyl]-9'-phenyl-2,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as mPCCzPTzn-02), 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviated as 35DCzPPy), and 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviated as TmPyPB), all of which are preferred as host materials.

[0226] Other polymer compounds such as poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviated as PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviated as PF-Py), and poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-diyl)] (abbreviated as PF-BPy) are also preferred as host materials.

[0227] Furthermore, bipolar 9-phenyl-9'-(4-phenyl-2-quinazolinyl)-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole (abbreviated as PCCzQz), which is an organic compound with high hole transport and electron transport properties, can also be used as a host material.

[0228] <Electron transport layer> The electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) are layers that transport electrons injected from the second electrode 102 and the charge generation layers (106, 106a, 106b) by the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b), described later, to the light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b). The electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) are layers containing an electron-transporting material. The electron-transporting material used in the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) has an electron mobility of 1 × 10⁻¹⁰ at an electric field strength [V / cm] square root of 600. -6 cm 2 A material having an electron mobility of / Vs or higher is preferred. However, any material with higher electron transport capabilities than hole transport can be used. In one aspect of the present invention, an organic compound is preferably used in the electron transport layer (114, 114a, 114b). Furthermore, although the electron transport layer (114, 114a, 114b) functions as a single layer, device characteristics can be improved by forming a stacked structure of two or more layers as needed.

[0229] ≪Electron transport material≫ As electron transport materials that can be used in the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b), you can use materials with high electron transport properties (electron transport materials) such as organic compounds having a structure in which an aromatic ring is condensed on a furan ring of a phlodiazine skeleton, metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, etc., as well as oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives having a quinoline ligand, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds containing nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds.

[0230] Specific examples of electron transport materials include 2-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 5-[3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)phenyl]-7,7-dimethyl-5H,7H-indeno[2,1-b]carbazole (abbreviation: mINc(II)PTzn), and 2-{3-[3-(dibenzothiophen- 4-yl)phenyl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mDBtBPTzn), 4-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-8-(naphthalene-2-yl)-[1]benzoflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8βN-4mDBtPBfpm), 3,8-bis[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]benzoflo[2,3-b]pyrazine (abbreviation: 3,8mDBtP2B fpr), 4,8-bis[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-[1]benzoflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,8mDBtP2Bfpm), 9-[(3'-dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]naphtho[1',2':4,5]flo[2,3-b]pyrazine (abbreviation: 9mDBtBPNfpr), 8-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl)]naphtho To[1',2':4,5]flo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8mDBtBPNfpm), 8-[(2,2'-binaphthalene)-6-yl]-4-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-[1]benzoflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8(βN2)-4mDBtPBfpm), 8-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-[1]benzoflo[3,Examples include metal complexes having a quinoline or benzoquinoline skeleton, such as [2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 8BP-4mDBtPBfpm), tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Alq3), Almq3, BeBq2, bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), and bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation: Znq); and metal complexes having an oxazole or thiazole skeleton, such as bis[2-(2-benzoxazollyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnPBO) and bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnBTZ).

[0231] In addition to metal complexes, other electron transport materials can also be used, including oxadiazole derivatives such as PBD, OXD-7, and CO11; triazole derivatives such as TAZ and p-EtTAZ; imidazole derivatives (including benzimidazole derivatives) such as TPBI and mDBTBIm-II; oxazole derivatives such as BzOS; phenanthroline derivatives such as BPhen, BCP, and NBPhen; quinoxaline derivatives such as 2mDBTPDBq-II, 2mDBTBPDBq-II, 2mCzBPDBq, 2CzPDBq-III, 7mDBTPDBq-II, and 6mDBTPDBq-II; or dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives; pyridine derivatives such as 35DCzPPy and TmPyPB; pyrimidine derivatives such as 4,6mPnP2Pm, 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II, and 4,6mCzP2Pm; and triazine derivatives such as PCCzPTzn and mPCCzPTzn-02.

[0232] Furthermore, polymer compounds such as poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviated as PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviated as PF-Py), and poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-diyl)] (abbreviated as PF-BPy) can also be used as electron transport materials.

[0233] Furthermore, the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) may be not only single layers, but also have a structure in which two or more layers made of the above material are stacked.

[0234] <Electron injection layer> The electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) are layers containing a material with high electron injection capabilities. Furthermore, the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) are layers for increasing the electron injection efficiency from the second electrode 102, and it is preferable to use a material in which the difference between the work function value of the material used for the second electrode 102 and the LUMO level value of the material used for the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) is small (0.5 eV or less). Therefore, the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) contain lithium, cesium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), 8-quinolinolatrium (abbreviated as Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenolate (abbreviated as LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatrium (abbreviated as LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)phenolate (abbreviated as LiPPP), and lithium oxide (LiO2). x Alkali metals such as cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used. Rare earth metals such as erbium fluoride (ErF3) and ytterbium (Yb) or compounds thereof can also be used. Electrides may also be used in the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b). Examples of electrides include substances obtained by adding a high concentration of electrons to a mixed oxide of calcium and aluminum. The materials that constitute the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) described above can also be used.

[0235] Furthermore, a composite material obtained by mixing an organic compound with an electron donor may be used in the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b). Such a composite material exhibits excellent electron injection and electron transport properties because electrons are generated in the organic compound by the electron donor. In this case, the organic compound is preferably a material with excellent electron transport properties, and specifically, for example, electron transport materials (metal complexes and heteroaromatic compounds, etc.) used in the electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b) described above can be used. The electron donor can be any substance that exhibits electron-donating properties to the organic compound. Specifically, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals are preferred, such as lithium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, erbium, and ytterbium. Alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides are also preferred, such as lithium oxide, calcium oxide, and barium oxide. Lewis bases such as magnesium oxide can also be used. Furthermore, organic compounds such as tetrathiafulvalene (abbreviated as TTF) can also be used. Furthermore, multiple layers of these materials may be used.

[0236] In addition, composite materials made by mixing an organic compound and a metal may be used for the electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b). The organic compound used here preferably has a LUMO level of -3.6 eV or higher and -2.3 eV or lower. Furthermore, materials having lone pairs of electrons are preferred.

[0237] Therefore, as the above organic compounds, materials having lone pairs of electrons, such as heterocyclic compounds having a pyridine skeleton, a diazine skeleton (pyrimidine, pyrazine, etc.), or a triazine skeleton, are preferred.

[0238] Examples of heterocyclic compounds containing a pyridine skeleton include 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB), vasocuproin (abbreviation: BCP), 2,9-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviation: NBPhen), and vasophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen).

[0239] Furthermore, heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton include 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzBPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), and 7-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f, Examples include [h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II), 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), 4,6-bis[3-(phenanthrene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 4,6-bis[3-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCzP2Pm), and 4-{3-[3'-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)]biphenyl-3-yl}benzoflo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4mCzBPBfpm).

[0240] Furthermore, examples of heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton include 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn), 2,4,6-tris[3'-(pyridine-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: TmPPPyTz), and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: 2Py3Tz).

[0241] Furthermore, it is preferable to use transition metals belonging to Group 5, Group 7, Group 9, or Group 11 of the periodic table, and materials belonging to Group 13, such as Ag, Cu, Al, or In. In this case, the organic compound forms a partially occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) with the transition metal.

[0242] For example, when amplifying the light obtained from the light-emitting layer 113b, it is preferable to form the optical distance between the second electrode 102 and the light-emitting layer 113b to be less than 1 / 4 of the wavelength λ of the light emitted by the light-emitting layer 113b. In this case, this can be adjusted by changing the film thickness of the electron transport layer 114b or the electron injection layer 115b.

[0243] Furthermore, as shown in the light-emitting device in Figure 1(D), by providing a charge generation layer 106 between two EL layers (103a, 103b), a structure in which multiple EL layers are stacked between a pair of electrodes (also called a tandem structure) can be created.

[0244] <Charge generation layer> The charge generation layer 106 has the function of injecting electrons into the EL layer 103a and holes into the EL layer 103b when a voltage is applied between the first electrode (anode) 101 and the second electrode (cathode) 102. The charge generation layer 106 may be a configuration in which electron acceptors are added to a hole transport material (also called a P-type layer), or a configuration in which electron donors are added to an electron transport material (also called an electron injection buffer layer). Furthermore, both of these configurations may be stacked. In addition, an electron relay layer may be provided between the P-type layer and the electron injection buffer layer. By forming the charge generation layer 106 using the materials described above, it is possible to suppress the increase in driving voltage when the EL layers are stacked.

[0245] In the charge generation layer 106, when an electron acceptor is added to a hole-transporting material which is an organic compound (P-type layer), the material shown in this embodiment can be used as the hole-transporting material. Examples of electron acceptors include 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviated as F4-TCNQ), chloranil, etc. Other examples include oxides of metals belonging to groups 4 to 8 of the periodic table. Specifically, examples include vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, etc. The acceptor material mentioned above may also be used. Furthermore, the P-type layer may be used as a mixed film formed by mixing the hole-transporting material and the electron acceptor, or as a laminated film consisting of a single film containing the hole-transporting material and a single film containing the electron acceptor.

[0246] Furthermore, in the charge generation layer 106, if an electron donor is added to the electron transport material (electron injection buffer layer), the materials shown in this embodiment can be used as the electron transport material. As the electron donor, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, or metals belonging to groups 2 and 13 of the periodic table, as well as their oxides and carbonates, can be used. Specifically, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (In), lithium oxide (Li2O), cesium carbonate, etc., are preferred. Organic compounds such as tetrathianaphthalene may also be used as electron donors.

[0247] In the charge generation layer 106, when an electron relay layer is provided between the P-type layer and the electron injection buffer layer, the electron relay layer contains at least an electron-transporting material and has the function of preventing interaction between the electron injection buffer layer and the P-type layer and smoothly transferring electrons. Preferably, the LUMO level of the electron-transporting material included in the electron relay layer is between the LUMO level of the acceptor material in the P-type layer and the LUMO level of the electron-transporting material included in the electron transport layer in contact with the charge generation layer 106. The specific value of the LUMO level of the electron-transporting material used in the electron relay layer is preferably -5.0 eV or higher, more preferably -5.0 eV or higher and -3.0 eV or lower. It is preferable to use a phthalocyanine-based material or a metal complex having a metal-oxygen bond and an aromatic ligand as the electron-transporting material used in the electron relay layer.

[0248] Although Figure 1(D) shows a configuration in which two EL layers 103 are stacked, a stacked structure of three or more EL layers may be used by providing charge generation layers between different EL layers. Figure 1(E) shows a configuration in which three EL layers (EL layer 103a, EL layer 103b, and EL layer 103c) are stacked via two charge generation layers (charge generation layer 106a and charge generation layer 106b).

[0249] <Circuit board> The light-emitting device shown in this embodiment can be formed on various substrates. The type of substrate is not limited to any particular type. Examples of substrates include semiconductor substrates (e.g., single crystal substrates or silicon substrates), SOI substrates, glass substrates, quartz substrates, plastic substrates, metal substrates, stainless steel substrates, substrates with stainless steel foil, tungsten substrates, substrates with tungsten foil, flexible substrates, laminated films, paper containing fibrous materials, or base films.

[0250] Examples of glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminobrosilicate glass, or soda-lime glass. Examples of flexible substrates, laminated films, and base films include plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethersulfone (PES), synthetic resins such as acrylic, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy, inorganic vapor-deposited films, or paper.

[0251] In this embodiment, the light-emitting device can be fabricated using vacuum processes such as vapor deposition, spin coating, and solution processes such as inkjet. When using vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition methods (PVD) such as sputtering, ion plating, ion beam deposition, molecular beam deposition, and vacuum deposition, as well as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), can be used. In particular, various functional layers included in the EL layer of light-emitting devices (hole injection layers (111, 111a, 111b), hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b), light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b, 113c), electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b), electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b)), and charge generation layers (106, 106a, 106b) can be formed by methods such as vapor deposition (vacuum deposition, etc.), coating (dip coating, die coating, bar coating, spin coating, spray coating, etc.), and printing (inkjet, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, gravure, microcontact, etc.).

[0252] Furthermore, when applying the above-mentioned coating method, printing method, or other film formation method, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.), medium-molecular-weight compounds (compounds in the intermediate region between low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight compounds: molecular weight 400 to 4000), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.) can be used. As for quantum dot materials, colloidal quantum dot materials, alloy-type quantum dot materials, core-shell type quantum dot materials, core-type quantum dot materials, etc., can be used.

[0253] The EL layers (103, 103a, 103b), hole transport layers (112, 112a, 112b), light-emitting layers (113, 113a, 113b, 113c), electron transport layers (114, 114a, 114b), electron injection layers (115, 115a, 115b) and charge generation layers (106, 106a, 106b) that constitute the EL layers (103, 103a, 103b) of the light-emitting device shown in this embodiment are not limited to the materials shown in this embodiment, and other materials can be used in combination as long as they can satisfy the function of each layer.

[0254] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments.

[0255] (Embodiment 3) This embodiment describes a specific configuration example and manufacturing method of a light-emitting device (also called a display panel) which is one aspect of the present invention.

[0256] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 1> The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figure 2(A) includes light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and a partition wall 528. The light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and the partition wall 528 are formed on a functional layer 520 provided on a first substrate 510. The functional layer 520 includes a drive circuit GD composed of multiple transistors, a drive circuit SD, a pixel circuit, and wiring to electrically connect these. These drive circuits are, for example, electrically connected to the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R, respectively, and can drive them. The light-emitting device 700 also includes an insulating layer 705 on the functional layer 520 and each light-emitting device, and the insulating layer 705 has the function of bonding the second substrate 770 to the functional layer 520. The drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0257] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R have the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, Figure 1(A) shows a case where the EL layer 103 in the structure shown differs for each light-emitting device.

[0258] In this specification, a structure in which different light-emitting layers are created or painted for each color of light-emitting device (e.g., blue (B), green (G), and red (R)) may be referred to as an SBS (Side By Side) structure.

[0259] The light-emitting device 550B includes an electrode 551B, an electrode 552, an EL layer 103B, and an insulating layer 107B. The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. The EL layer 103B has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including the light-emitting layer. In Figure 2(A), only the hole injection / transport layer 104B, the electron transport layer 108B, and the electron injection layer 109 are shown among the layers included in the EL layer 103B, which includes the light-emitting layer, but the present invention is not limited to these. The hole injection / transport layer 104B refers to a layer having the functions of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer as shown in Embodiment 2, and may have a laminated structure. In this specification, the hole injection / transport layer can be interpreted in this way in any light-emitting device. The electron transport layer 108B may also have a laminated structure, and may have a hole blocking layer in contact with the light-emitting layer to block holes moving from the anode side through the light-emitting layer to the cathode side. Furthermore, the electron injection layer 109 may also have a laminated structure formed using some or all different materials.

[0260] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(A), the insulating layer 107B is formed on the electrode 551B while leaving the resist formed on a portion of the EL layer 103B (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108B on the light-emitting layer). Therefore, the insulating layer 107B is formed in contact with the side surface (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103B (as described above). This suppresses the penetration of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the side surface of the EL layer 103B. For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used for the insulating layer 107B. Sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, etc. can be used to form the insulating layer 107B, but the ALD method, which has good coverage, is more preferable.

[0261] Furthermore, an electron injection layer 109 is formed covering a portion of the EL layer 103B (up to the electron transport layer 108B) and the insulating layer 107B. It is preferable that the electron injection layer 109 has a laminated structure of two or more layers with different electrical resistances. For example, a first layer in contact with the electron transport layer 108B may be formed solely of an electron-transporting material, and a second layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be laminated on top of it. Alternatively, a third layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be included between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108B.

[0262] Electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Electrode 551B and electrode 552 have overlapping regions. Furthermore, an EL layer 103B is present between electrode 551B and electrode 552. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 is located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103B via the insulating layer 107B, or electrode 552 is located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103B via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107B. This prevents electrical short circuits between the EL layer 103B and electrode 552, more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104B of the EL layer 103B and electrode 552.

[0263] The EL layer 103B shown in Figure 2(A) has the same configuration as the EL layers 103, 103a, 103b, and 103c described in Embodiment 2. Furthermore, the EL layer 103B can emit, for example, blue light.

[0264] The light-emitting device 550G includes an electrode 551G, an electrode 552, an EL layer 103G, and an insulating layer 107G. The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. The EL layer 103G has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including the light-emitting layer. In Figure 2(A), only the hole injection / transport layer 104G, the electron transport layer 108G, and the electron injection layer 109 are shown among the layers included in the EL layer 103G, which includes the light-emitting layer, but the present invention is not limited to these. The hole injection / transport layer 104G refers to a layer having the functions of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer as shown in Embodiment 2, and may have a laminated structure.

[0265] Furthermore, the electron transport layer 108G may have a multilayer structure, and may also have a hole blocking layer in contact with the light-emitting layer to block holes moving from the anode side through the light-emitting layer to the cathode side. In addition, the electron injection layer 109 may also have a multilayer structure formed using some or all different materials.

[0266] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(A), the insulating layer 107G is formed on the electrode 551G while leaving the resist formed on a portion of the EL layer 103G (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108G on the light-emitting layer). Therefore, the insulating layer 107G is formed in contact with the side surface (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103G (as described above). This suppresses the penetration of oxygen, moisture, or their constituent elements into the interior from the side surface of the EL layer 103G. For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used for the insulating layer 107G. Sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, etc. can be used to form the insulating layer 107G, but the ALD method, which has good coverage, is more preferable.

[0267] Furthermore, an electron injection layer 109 is formed covering a portion of the EL layer 103G (up to the electron transport layer 108G) and the insulating layer 107G. It is preferable that the electron injection layer 109 has a laminated structure of two or more layers with different electrical resistances. For example, a first layer in contact with the electron transport layer 108G may be formed solely of an electron-transporting material, and a second layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be laminated on top of it. Alternatively, a third layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be included between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108G.

[0268] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Electrode 551G and electrode 552 have overlapping regions. Additionally, an EL layer 103G is present between electrode 551G and electrode 552. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 is located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103G via the insulating layer 107G, or electrode 552 is located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103G via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107G. This prevents electrical short circuits between the EL layer 103G and electrode 552, or more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104G of the EL layer 103G and electrode 552.

[0269] The EL layer 103G shown in Figure 2(A) has the same configuration as the EL layers 103, 103a, 103b, and 103c described in Embodiment 2. Furthermore, the EL layer 103G can emit, for example, green light.

[0270] The light-emitting device 550R includes an electrode 551R, an electrode 552, an EL layer 103R, and an insulating layer 107R. The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. The EL layer 103R has a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including the light-emitting layer. In Figure 2(A), only the hole injection / transport layer 104R, the electron transport layer 108R, and the electron injection layer 109 are shown among the layers included in the EL layer 103R, which includes the light-emitting layer, but the present invention is not limited to these. The hole injection / transport layer 104R refers to a layer having the functions of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer as shown in Embodiment 2, and may have a laminated structure. In this specification, the hole injection / transport layer can be interpreted in this way in any light-emitting device. The electron transport layer 108R may also have a laminated structure, and may have a hole blocking layer in contact with the light-emitting layer to block holes moving from the anode side through the light-emitting layer to the cathode side. Furthermore, the electron injection layer 109 may also have a laminated structure formed using some or all different materials.

[0271] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(A), the insulating layer 107R is formed on the electrode 551R while leaving the resist formed on a portion of the EL layer 103R (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108R on the light-emitting layer). Therefore, the insulating layer 107R is formed in contact with the side surface (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103R (as described above). This suppresses the penetration of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the side surface of the EL layer 103R. For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used for the insulating layer 107R. Sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, etc. can be used to form the insulating layer 107R, but the ALD method, which has good coverage, is more preferable.

[0272] Furthermore, an electron injection layer 109 is formed covering a portion of the EL layer 103R (up to the electron transport layer 108R) and the insulating layer 107R. It is preferable that the electron injection layer 109 has a laminated structure of two or more layers with different electrical resistances. For example, a first layer in contact with the electron transport layer 108R may be formed solely of an electron-transporting material, and a second layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be laminated on top of it. Alternatively, a third layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be included between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108R.

[0273] Electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Electrode 551R and electrode 552 have overlapping regions. Furthermore, an EL layer 103R is present between electrode 551R and electrode 552. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 is located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103R via the insulating layer 107R, or electrode 552 is located on the side (or edge) of a portion of the EL layer 103R via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107R. This prevents electrical short circuits between the EL layer 103R and electrode 552, more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104R of the EL layer 103R and electrode 552.

[0274] The EL layer 103R shown in Figure 2(A) has the same configuration as the EL layers 103, 103a, 103b, and 103c described in Embodiment 2. Furthermore, the EL layer 103R can emit, for example, red light.

[0275] A gap 580 is provided between each of the EL layers 103B, 103G, and 103R. In each EL layer, the hole injection layer, particularly the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer, often has high conductivity. Therefore, if it is formed as a layer common to adjacent light-emitting devices, it may cause crosstalk. Accordingly, by providing a gap 580 between each EL layer as shown in this example configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0276] In a high-resolution light-emitting device (display panel) with a resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, if electrical conductivity is detected between the EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R, a crosstalk phenomenon occurs, narrowing the color gamut that the light-emitting device can display. By providing a gap 580 in a high-resolution display panel exceeding 1000 ppi, preferably a high-resolution display panel exceeding 2000 ppi, and more preferably an ultra-high-resolution display panel exceeding 5000 ppi, a display panel capable of displaying vivid colors can be provided.

[0277] As shown in Figure 2(B), the partition wall 528 has openings 528B, 528G, and 528R. As shown in Figure 2(A), opening 528B overlaps with electrode 551B, opening 528G overlaps with electrode 551G, and opening 528R overlaps with electrode 551R. The cross-sectional view along the dashed line Y1-Y2 shown in Figure 2(B) corresponds to the schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device shown in Figure 2(A).

[0278] Furthermore, since the separation process of these EL layers (EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R) is performed using photolithography to form patterns, a high-definition light-emitting device (display panel) can be manufactured. In addition, the edges (sides) of the EL layers (hole injection / transport layer, light-emitting layer, and electron transport layer) processed by pattern formation using photolithography have a shape that is substantially the same surface (or substantially located on the same plane). At this time, the gap 580 provided between each EL layer is preferably 5 μm or less, and more preferably 1 μm or less.

[0279] In EL layers, the hole injection layer, particularly the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer, often has high conductivity. Therefore, if it is formed as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices, it can cause crosstalk. Consequently, by separating the EL layer using a pattern formation method with photolithography, as shown in this example, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0280] In this specification, devices fabricated using a metal mask or an FMM (Fine Metal Mask, a high-resolution metal mask) may be referred to as MM (Metal Mask) structured devices. Furthermore, in this specification, devices fabricated without using a metal mask or an FMM may be referred to as MML (Metal Maskless) structured devices.

[0281] <Example 1 of a manufacturing method for a light-emitting device> As shown in Figure 3(A), electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R are formed. For example, a conductive film is formed on a functional layer 520 formed on the first substrate 510, and then processed into a predetermined shape using photolithography.

[0282] Conductive films can be formed using methods such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), vacuum deposition, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and atomic layer deposition (ALD). CVD methods include plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) and thermal CVD. One type of thermal CVD is metal-organic CVD (MOCVD).

[0283] In addition to the photolithography method described above, conductive films may also be processed using nanoimprint lithography, sandblasting, lift-off lithography, or other methods. Furthermore, island-shaped thin films may be directly formed using a film deposition method that utilizes a shielding mask such as a metal mask.

[0284] There are two main methods for processing using photolithography. One method involves forming a resist mask on the thin film to be processed, then processing the thin film by etching or other means to remove the resist mask. The other method involves forming a photosensitive thin film, then exposing and developing it to process the thin film into the desired shape.

[0285] In photolithography, the light used for exposure can be, for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture thereof. Other options include ultraviolet light, KrF laser light, or ArF laser light. Exposure may also be performed using immersion lithography. Furthermore, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light or X-rays may be used as the light source for exposure. An electron beam can also be used instead of light for exposure. Using extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or an electron beam is preferable because it allows for extremely fine processing. Note that a photomask is not required when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam.

[0286] For etching thin films using a resist mask, methods such as dry etching, wet etching, and sandblasting can be used.

[0287] Next, as shown in Figure 3(B), partition walls 528 are formed between electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R. For example, these can be formed by creating an insulating film covering electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R, creating an opening using photolithography, and exposing a portion of electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R. Materials that can be used for the partition walls 528 include inorganic materials, organic materials, or composite materials of inorganic and organic materials. Specifically, inorganic oxide films, inorganic nitride films, or inorganic oxidoxide-nitride films, or laminated materials made by laminating a plurality of these selected from each other, or more specifically, silicon oxide films, films containing acrylic, or films containing polyimide, or laminated materials made by laminating a plurality of these selected from each other can be used.

[0288] Next, as shown in Figure 4(A), an EL layer 103B is formed on electrodes 551B, 551G, 551R, and the partition wall 528. In Figure 4(A), the EL layer 103B is formed up to the hole injection / transport layer 104B, the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layer 108B. For example, the EL layer 103B is formed on electrodes 551B, 551G, 551R, and the partition wall 528, covering them, using a vacuum deposition method. Furthermore, a sacrificial layer 110 is formed on the EL layer 103B.

[0289] The sacrificial layer 110 can be a film with high resistance to etching of the EL layer 103B, i.e., a film with a high etching selectivity ratio. Furthermore, it is preferable that the sacrificial layer 110 has a laminated structure of a first sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer, each having a different etching selectivity ratio. Additionally, the sacrificial layer 110 can be a film that can be removed by a wet etching method that causes minimal damage to the EL layer 103B. Oxalic acid can be used as the etching material for wet etching. In this specification, the sacrificial layer may also be referred to as a mask layer.

[0290] As the sacrificial layer 110, for example, an inorganic film such as a metal film, alloy film, metal oxide film, semiconductor film, or inorganic insulating film can be used. Furthermore, the sacrificial layer 110 can be formed by various film deposition methods such as sputtering, vapor deposition, CVD, and ALD.

[0291] As the sacrificial layer 110, metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, and tantalum, or alloy materials containing such metal materials, can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use low-melting-point materials such as aluminum or silver.

[0292] Furthermore, metal oxides such as indium gallium zinc oxide (In-Ga-Zn oxide, also written as IGZO) can be used as the sacrificial layer 110. In addition, indium oxide, indium zinc oxide (In-Zn oxide), indium tin oxide (In-Sn oxide), indium titanium oxide (In-Ti oxide), indium tin zinc oxide (In-Sn-Zn oxide), indium titanium zinc oxide (In-Ti-Zn oxide), indium gallium tin zinc oxide (In-Ga-Sn-Zn oxide), etc. can be used. Alternatively, indium tin oxide containing silicon can also be used.

[0293] Furthermore, element M (where M is one or more selected from aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium) may be used instead of gallium. In particular, it is preferable that M be one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, or yttrium.

[0294] Furthermore, inorganic insulating materials such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and silicon oxide can be used as the sacrificial layer 110.

[0295] Furthermore, it is preferable to use a material that is soluble in a chemically stable solvent for at least the film located at the top of the EL layer 103B (electron transport layer 108B) as the sacrificial layer 110. In particular, a material soluble in water or alcohol can be suitably used for the sacrificial layer 110. When forming the sacrificial layer 110, it is preferable to dissolve the material in a solvent such as water or alcohol, apply it using a wet deposition method, and then perform a heat treatment to evaporate the solvent. At this time, performing the heat treatment under a reduced pressure atmosphere is preferable because it allows the solvent to be removed at a low temperature and in a short time, thereby reducing thermal damage to the EL layer 103B.

[0296] Furthermore, when the sacrificial layer 110 is to be a laminated structure, the layer formed from the above-mentioned material can be designated as the first sacrificial layer, and a second sacrificial layer can be formed on top of it to create a laminated structure.

[0297] In this case, the second sacrificial layer is a film used as a hard mask when etching the first sacrificial layer. Furthermore, the first sacrificial layer is exposed during processing of the second sacrificial layer. Therefore, the first and second sacrificial layers are selected based on a combination of films that have a high etching selectivity ratio for each other. Thus, the film that can be used for the second sacrificial layer can be selected according to the etching conditions for both the first and second sacrificial layers.

[0298] For example, when dry etching using a fluorine-containing gas (also called a fluorine-based gas) is used for etching the second sacrificial layer, silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, tantalum nitride, alloys containing molybdenum and niobium, or alloys containing molybdenum and tungsten can be used for the second sacrificial layer. Here, metal oxide films such as IGZO and ITO can be used for the first sacrificial layer as films that allow for a higher selectivity ratio for etching (i.e., a slower etching rate) compared to dry etching using the above-mentioned fluorine-based gas.

[0299] However, the second sacrificial layer can be selected from a variety of materials, depending on the etching conditions of the first sacrificial layer and the etching conditions of the second sacrificial layer. For example, it can be selected from among the films that can be used for the first sacrificial layer.

[0300] Furthermore, a nitride film can be used as the second sacrificial layer. Specifically, nitrides such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, gallium nitride, and germanium nitride can be used.

[0301] Alternatively, an oxide film can be used as the second sacrificial layer. Typically, oxide films or oxynitride films such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, hafnium oxide, and hafnium oxynitride can be used.

[0302] Next, as shown in Figure 4(B), the EL layer 103B on the electrode 551B is processed into a predetermined shape. For example, a sacrificial layer 110B is formed on the EL layer 103B, and a resist is formed on it in a desired shape using photolithography (see Figure 4(A)). A portion of the sacrificial layer 110B not covered by the resulting resist mask REG is removed by etching. After removing the resist mask REG, a portion of the EL layer 103B not covered by the sacrificial layer 110B is removed by etching. The EL layer 103B on the electrode 551G and the EL layer 103B on the electrode 551R are removed by etching to process them into a shape with sides (or with exposed sides), or a strip shape extending in a direction intersecting the plane of the paper. Specifically, dry etching is performed using the sacrificial layer 110B with a pattern formed on the EL layer 103B overlapping the electrode 551B (see Figure 4(B)). Furthermore, if the sacrificial layer 110B has a laminated structure with the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer, a portion of the second sacrificial layer may be etched with the resist mask REG, then the resist mask REG may be removed, and the second sacrificial layer may be used as a mask to etch a portion of the first sacrificial layer, thereby processing the EL layer 103B into a predetermined shape. The partition wall 528 can be used as an etching stopper.

[0303] Next, as shown in Figure 4(C), with the sacrificial layer 110B formed, an EL layer 103G (including a hole injection / transport layer 104G, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer 108G) is formed on the sacrificial layer 110B, electrode 551G, electrode 551R, and partition wall 528. For example, the EL layer 103G is formed on electrode 551G, electrode 551R, and partition wall 528, covering them, using a vacuum deposition method.

[0304] Next, as shown in Figure 5(A), the EL layer 103G on the electrode 551G is processed into a predetermined shape. For example, a sacrificial layer 110G is formed on the EL layer 103G, a resist is formed on it in a desired shape using photolithography, a portion of the sacrificial layer 110G not covered by the resulting resist mask is removed by etching, a portion of the EL layer 103G not covered by the sacrificial layer 110G is removed by etching after the resist mask is removed, and the EL layer 103G on the electrode 551B and the EL layer 103G on the electrode 551R are removed by etching to process into a shape with sides (or with exposed sides), or a strip shape extending in a direction intersecting the plane of the paper. Specifically, dry etching is performed using a sacrificial layer 110G with a pattern formed on the EL layer 103G overlapping the electrode 551G. Furthermore, if the sacrificial layer 110G has a laminated structure with the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer described above, a portion of the second sacrificial layer may be etched with a resist mask, then the resist mask may be removed, and the second sacrificial layer may be used as a mask to etch a portion of the first sacrificial layer, thereby processing the EL layer 103G into a predetermined shape. The partition wall 528 can be used as an etching stopper.

[0305] Next, as shown in Figure 5(B), a sacrificial layer 110B is formed on the electron transport layer 108B, and a sacrificial layer 110G is formed on the electron transport layer 108G. Then, an EL layer 103R (including a hole injection / transport layer 104R, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer 108R) is formed on the sacrificial layer 110B, the sacrificial layer 110G, the electrode 551R, and the partition wall 528. For example, the EL layer 103R is formed on the sacrificial layer 110B, the sacrificial layer 110G, the electrode 551R, and the partition wall 528 so as to cover them, using a vacuum deposition method.

[0306] Next, as shown in Figure 5(C), the EL layer 103R on the electrode 551R is processed into a predetermined shape. For example, a sacrificial layer 110R is formed on the EL layer 103R, a resist is formed on it in a desired shape using photolithography, a portion of the sacrificial layer 110R not covered by the resulting resist mask is removed by etching, a portion of the EL layer 103R not covered by the sacrificial layer 110R is removed by etching after the resist mask is removed, and the EL layer 103R on the electrode 551B and the EL layer 103R on the electrode 551G are removed by etching to process them into a shape with sides (or with exposed sides), or a strip shape extending in a direction intersecting the plane of the paper. Specifically, dry etching is performed using a sacrificial layer 110R with a pattern formed on the EL layer 103R overlapping the electrode 551R. Furthermore, if the sacrificial layer 110R has a laminated structure with the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer, a portion of the second sacrificial layer may be etched using a resist mask, then the resist mask may be removed, and the second sacrificial layer may be used as a mask to etch a portion of the first sacrificial layer, thereby processing the EL layer 103R into a predetermined shape. The partition wall 528 can be used as an etching stopper.

[0307] Next, an insulating layer 107 is formed on the sacrificial layers (110B, 110G, 110R), the EL layers (103B, 103G, 103R), and the partition wall 528. For example, using the ALD method, the insulating layer 107 is formed on the sacrificial layers (110B, 110G, 110R), the EL layers (103B, 103G, 103R), and the partition wall 528 so as to cover them. In this case, the insulating layer 107 is formed in contact with the side surfaces of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R), as shown in Figure 5(C). This makes it possible to suppress the intrusion of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the side surfaces of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R). As for the material used for the insulating layer 107, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used.

[0308] Next, as shown in Figure 6(A), a portion of the sacrificial layer (110B, 110G, 110R) and the insulating layer 107 is removed to form an electron injection layer 109 on the insulating layer (107B, 107G, 107R) and the electron transport layer (108B, 108G, 108R). The electron injection layer 109 is formed, for example, using a vacuum deposition method. The electron injection layer 109 has a structure in which it is located on the side of a portion of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) via the insulating layer (107B, 107G, 107R) (including the hole injection / transport layer (104R, 104G, 104B), the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layer (108B, 108G, 108R)).

[0309] Next, as shown in Figure 6(B), electrodes 552 are formed. Electrodes 552 are formed, for example, using a vacuum deposition method. The electrodes 552 are formed on the electron injection layer 109. The electrodes 552 have a structure that is located on the side (or edge) of some of the layers of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) (including hole injection / transport layers (104R, 104G, 104B), light-emitting layers, and electron transport layers (108B, 108G, 108R)) via the electron injection layer 109 and insulating layers (107B, 107G, 107R). This prevents electrical short circuits between each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) and the electrode 552, or more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layers (104B, 104G, 104R) of each EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) and the electrode 552.

[0310] Through the above process, the EL layers 103B, 103G, and 103R of the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R can be separated.

[0311] Furthermore, since the separation process of these EL layers (EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R) is performed using photolithography to form patterns, a high-definition light-emitting device (display panel) can be manufactured. In addition, the edges (sides) of the EL layers processed by pattern formation using photolithography have a shape that is substantially the same surface (or is substantially located on the same plane).

[0312] In EL layers, the hole injection layer, particularly the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer, often has high conductivity. Therefore, if it is formed as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices, it can cause crosstalk. Consequently, by separating the EL layer using a pattern formation method with photolithography, as shown in this example, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0313] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 2> The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figure 7 includes light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and a partition wall 528. The light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and the partition wall 528 are formed on a functional layer 520 provided on a first substrate 510. The functional layer 520 includes drive circuits GD and SD, each composed of multiple transistors, as well as wiring for their electrical connection. These drive circuits are, for example, electrically connected to and capable of driving the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R, respectively. The drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0314] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R have the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, Figure 1(A) shows a case where the EL layer 103 in the structure shown differs for each light-emitting device.

[0315] The specific configurations of each light-emitting device shown in Figure 7 are the same as those of light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R described in Figure 2.

[0316] As shown in Figure 7, the hole injection / transport layers (104B, 104G, 104R) of the EL layers (103B, 103G, 103R) of each light-emitting device (550B, 550G, 550R) are smaller than the other functional layers that make up the EL layer (103B, 103G, 103R) and have a structure covered by the stacked functional layers.

[0317] In this configuration, the hole injection / transport layers (104B, 104G, 104R) in each EL layer are completely isolated by being covered with other functional layers. Therefore, the insulating layers shown in Configuration Example 1 (107B, 107G, 107R in Figure 2(A)) are unnecessary to prevent short circuits with electrode 552.

[0318] Furthermore, since each EL layer in this configuration (EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R) is patterned using photolithography during the separation process, the edges (sides) of the processed EL layers have a shape in which they are approximately the same surface (or are located on approximately the same plane).

[0319] In EL layers, the hole injection layer, particularly the hole transport region located between the anode and the light-emitting layer, often has high conductivity. Therefore, if it is formed as a common layer for adjacent light-emitting devices, it can cause crosstalk. Consequently, by separating the EL layer using a pattern formation method with photolithography, as shown in this example, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0320] <Example 3 of the configuration of the light-emitting device 700> The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figure 8(A) includes light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and a partition wall 528. The light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and the partition wall 528 are formed on a functional layer 520 provided on a first substrate 510. The functional layer 520 includes drive circuits GD and SD, each composed of multiple transistors, as well as wiring to electrically connect them. These drive circuits are, for example, electrically connected to and capable of driving the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R, respectively. The drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0321] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R have the device structures shown in Embodiment 2. In particular, the present invention shows a case in which each light-emitting device has a structure including stacked EL layers 103 as shown in Figure 1(B), a so-called tandem structure.

[0322] The light-emitting device 550B has an electrode 551B, an electrode 552, EL layers (103P, 103Q), a charge generation layer 106B, and an insulating layer 107, and has the laminated structure shown in Figure 8(A). The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, electrodes 551B and 552 overlap. Furthermore, EL layers 103P and 103Q are laminated with the charge generation layer 106B in between, and EL layers 103P, 103Q, and 106B are located between electrodes 551B and 552. Note that EL layers 103P and 103Q have a laminated structure consisting of multiple layers with different functions, including a light-emitting layer, similar to EL layers 103, 103a, 103b, and 103c described in Embodiment 2. Furthermore, the EL layer 103P can emit blue light, for example, and the EL layer 103Q can emit yellow light, for example.

[0323] In Figure 8(A), only the hole injection / transport layer 104P is shown among the layers included in EL layer 103P, and only the hole injection / transport layer 104Q, electron transport layer 108Q, and electron injection layer 109 are shown among the layers included in EL layer 103Q. Therefore, in the following explanation, if it is possible to explain including the layers included in each EL layer, we will use the term EL layer (EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q) for convenience. Furthermore, the electron transport layer 108Q may have a multilayer structure, and may also have a hole blocking layer to block holes moving from the anode side through the light-emitting layer to the cathode side. Similarly, the electron injection layer 109 may also have a multilayer structure formed using some or all different materials.

[0324] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8(A), the insulating layer 107 is formed on the electrode 551B while leaving a sacrificial layer formed on a portion of the EL layer 103Q (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108Q on the light-emitting layer). Therefore, the insulating layer 107 is formed in contact with a portion of the EL layer 103Q (as described above), the EL layer 103P, and the side surface (or edge) of the charge generation layer 106B. This suppresses the penetration of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the side surfaces of the EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106B. For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used for the insulating layer 107. Sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, etc. can be used to form the insulating layer 107, but the ALD method, which has good coverage, is more preferable.

[0325] Furthermore, an electron injection layer 109 is formed covering a portion of the EL layer 103Q (up to the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 107. It is preferable that the electron injection layer 109 has a laminated structure of two or more layers with different electrical resistances. For example, a first layer in contact with the electron transport layer 108Q may be formed solely of an electron-transporting material, and a second layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be laminated on top of it. Alternatively, a third layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be included between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108Q.

[0326] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Electrode 551B and electrode 552 have overlapping regions. Additionally, EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106B are located between electrode 551B and electrode 552. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 is located on the side (or edge) of EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 106B via the insulating layer 107, or electrode 552 is located on the side (or edge) of EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 106B via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107. This prevents electrical short circuits between EL layer 103P and electrode 552, more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104P of EL layer 103P and electrode 552. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuits between the EL layer 103Q and the electrode 552, and more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104Q of the EL layer 103Q and the electrode 552. In addition, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuits between the charge generation layer 106B and the electrode 552.

[0327] The light-emitting device 550G has an electrode 551G, an electrode 552, EL layers (103P, 103Q), a charge generation layer 106G, and an insulating layer 107, and has the laminated structure shown in Figure 8(A). The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, electrodes 551G and 552 overlap. Furthermore, EL layers 103P and 103Q are laminated with the charge generation layer 106G in between, and EL layers 103P, 103Q, and 106G are located between electrodes 551G and 552.

[0328] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8(A), the insulating layer 107 is formed on the electrode 551G while leaving a sacrificial layer formed on a portion of the EL layer 103Q (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108Q on the light-emitting layer). Therefore, the insulating layer 107 is formed in contact with a portion of the EL layer 103Q (as described above), the EL layer 103P, and the side surface (or edge) of the charge generation layer 106G. This suppresses the penetration of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the side surfaces of the EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106G. For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used for the insulating layer 107. Sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, etc. can be used to form the insulating layer 107, but the ALD method, which has good coverage, is more preferable.

[0329] Furthermore, an electron injection layer 109 is formed covering a portion of the EL layer 103Q (up to the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 107. It is preferable that the electron injection layer 109 has a laminated structure of two or more layers with different electrical resistances. For example, a first layer in contact with the electron transport layer 108Q may be formed solely of an electron-transporting material, and a second layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be laminated on top of it. Alternatively, a third layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be included between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108Q.

[0330] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Electrode 551G and electrode 552 have overlapping regions. Additionally, EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106G are located between electrode 551G and electrode 552. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 is located on the side (or edge) of EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 106G via the insulating layer 107, or electrode 552 is located on the side (or edge) of EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 106G via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107. This prevents electrical short circuits between EL layer 103P and electrode 552, more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104P of EL layer 103P and electrode 552. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuits between the EL layer 103Q and the electrode 552, and more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104Q of the EL layer 103Q and the electrode 552. In addition, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuits between the charge generation layer 106G and the electrode 552.

[0331] The light-emitting device 550R has an electrode 551R, an electrode 552, EL layers (103P, 103Q), a charge generation layer 106R, and an insulating layer 107, and has the laminated structure shown in Figure 8(A). The specific configuration of each layer is as shown in Embodiment 2. Also, electrodes 551R and 552 overlap. Furthermore, EL layers 103P and 103Q are laminated with the charge generation layer 106R in between, and EL layers 103P, 103Q, and 106R are located between electrodes 551R and 552.

[0332] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8(A), the insulating layer 107 is formed on the electrode 551R while leaving a sacrificial layer formed on a portion of the EL layer 103Q (in this embodiment, up to the electron transport layer 108Q on the light-emitting layer). Therefore, the insulating layer 107 is formed in contact with a portion of the EL layer 103Q (as described above), the EL layer 103P, and the side surface (or edge) of the charge generation layer 106R. This suppresses the penetration of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the side surfaces of the EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106R. For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used for the insulating layer 107. Sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, etc. can be used to form the insulating layer 107, but the ALD method, which has good coverage, is more preferable.

[0333] Furthermore, an electron injection layer 109 is formed covering a portion of the EL layer 103Q (up to the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 107. It is preferable that the electron injection layer 109 has a laminated structure of two or more layers with different electrical resistances. For example, a first layer in contact with the electron transport layer 108Q may be formed solely of an electron-transporting material, and a second layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be laminated on top of it. Alternatively, a third layer made of an electron-transporting material containing a metal material may be included between the first layer and the electron transport layer 108Q.

[0334] Furthermore, electrode 552 is formed on the electron injection layer 109. Note that electrode 551R and electrode 552 have overlapping regions. Also, between electrode 551R and electrode 552 are EL layer 103P, EL layer 103Q, and charge generation layer 106R. Therefore, the electron injection layer 109 is located on the side (or edge) of EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 106R via the insulating layer 107, or electrode 552 is located on the side (or edge) of EL layer 103Q, EL layer 103P, and charge generation layer 106R via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107. This prevents electrical short circuits between EL layer 103P and electrode 552, more specifically between the hole injection / transport layer 104P of EL layer 103P and electrode 552. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuits between the EL layer 103Q and the electrode 552, and more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layer 104Q of the EL layer 103Q and the electrode 552. Also, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuits between the charge generation layer 106R and the electrode 552.

[0335] Furthermore, when separating and processing the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R) of each light-emitting device, a pattern is formed using photolithography, resulting in the edges (sides) of the processed EL layers having approximately the same surface (or being located on approximately the same plane).

[0336] Each light-emitting device has an EL layer (103P, 103Q) and a charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R), each with a gap 580 between them and adjacent light-emitting devices. The hole injection layer and charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R) included in the hole transport region of the EL layer (103P, 103Q) often have high conductivity, and if they are formed as layers common to adjacent light-emitting devices, they may cause crosstalk. Therefore, by providing a gap 580 as shown in this example configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0337] In a high-resolution light-emitting device (display panel) with a resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, if electrical conductivity is detected between the EL layer 103B, EL layer 103G, and EL layer 103R, a crosstalk phenomenon occurs, narrowing the color gamut that the light-emitting device can display. By providing a gap 580 in a high-resolution display panel exceeding 1000 ppi, preferably a high-resolution display panel exceeding 2000 ppi, and more preferably an ultra-high-resolution display panel exceeding 5000 ppi, a display panel capable of displaying vivid colors can be provided.

[0338] In this configuration example, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R all emit white light. In this specification, a light-emitting device capable of emitting white light may be referred to as a white light-emitting device. A white light-emitting device can be combined with a colored layer (for example, a color filter) to realize a full-color display device. Therefore, the second substrate 770 has a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, and a colored layer CFR. These colored layers may be partially overlapped, as shown in Figure 8(A). By partially overlapping them, the overlapped portion can function as a light-shielding film. In this configuration example, for example, the colored layer CFB uses a material that preferentially transmits blue light (B), the colored layer CFG uses a material that preferentially transmits green light (G), and the colored layer CFR uses a material that preferentially transmits red light (R).

[0339] Figure 8(B) shows the configuration of light-emitting device 550B when light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R (collectively referred to as light-emitting device 550) are white light-emitting devices. EL layers 103P and 103Q are laminated on electrode 551B with a charge generation layer 106B in between. EL layer 103P has a light-emitting layer 113B that emits blue light EL(1), and EL layer 103Q has a light-emitting layer 113G that emits green light EL(2) and a light-emitting layer 113R that emits red light EL(3).

[0340] Alternatively, a color conversion layer can be used instead of the colored layer described above. For example, nanoparticles, quantum dots, etc., can be used as the color conversion layer.

[0341] For example, instead of the colored layer CFG, a color conversion layer that converts blue light to green light can be used. This allows the blue light emitted by the light-emitting device 550G to be converted to green light. Alternatively, instead of the colored layer CFR, a color conversion layer that converts blue light to red light can be used. This allows the blue light emitted by the light-emitting device 550R to be converted to red light.

[0342] Furthermore, when comparing the SBS structure light-emitting device described above with a white light-emitting device, the SBS structure light-emitting device can consume less power than the white light-emitting device. If you want to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use an SBS structure light-emitting device. On the other hand, the white light-emitting device is preferable because its manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light-emitting device, which allows for lower manufacturing costs or higher manufacturing yields.

[0343] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 4> The light-emitting device (display panel) 700 shown in Figure 9 has light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and a partition wall 528. The light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, 550R, and the partition wall 528 are formed on a functional layer 520 provided on a first substrate 510. The functional layer 520 includes drive circuits GD and SD, composed of multiple transistors, as well as wiring to electrically connect them. These drive circuits, for example, are electrically connected to and can drive the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R. The drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0344] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R have the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. This is particularly suitable when each light-emitting device has a structure including stacked EL layers 103 as shown in Figure 1(B), a so-called tandem structure.

[0345] The specific configurations of each light-emitting device shown in Figure 9 are the same as those of light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R described in Figure 8(A), and all of them emit white light.

[0346] Note that the light-emitting device shown in this example differs from the configuration of the light-emitting device shown in Figure 8(A) in that it has a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, and a colored layer CFR formed on each light-emitting device formed on the first substrate 510.

[0347] Specifically, each light-emitting device formed on the first substrate 510 has an insulating layer 573 on its electrode 552, and a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, and a colored layer CFR on the insulating layer 573.

[0348] Furthermore, the substrate has an insulating layer 705 on the colored layers CFB, CFG, and CFR. The insulating layer 705 has a region sandwiched between the first substrate 510 and the second substrate 770 on the colored layer (CFB, CFG, CFR) side of the first substrate 510, which has a functional layer 520, each light-emitting device (550B, 550G, 550R), and the colored layers CFB, CFG, and CFR, and has the function of bonding the first substrate 510 and the second substrate 770.

[0349] Furthermore, the insulating layer 573 and the insulating layer 705 can be made of inorganic materials, organic materials, or composite materials of inorganic and organic materials.

[0350] Furthermore, as the inorganic material, an inorganic oxide film, an inorganic nitride film, or an inorganic oxidnitride film, or a laminated material made by laminating a plurality of these selected can be used. For example, a film containing a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxidnitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or a laminated material made by laminating a plurality of these selected can be used. Note that silicon nitride films are dense films and have excellent function in suppressing the diffusion of impurities. Alternatively, as an oxide semiconductor (for example, an IGZO film), a laminated structure of an aluminum oxide film and an IGZO film on the aluminum oxide film can be used.

[0351] Furthermore, as organic materials, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polysiloxane, or acrylic, or laminated or composite materials of multiple resins selected from these, can be used. Alternatively, organic materials such as reaction-curing adhesives, photocuring adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and / or anaerobic adhesives can be used.

[0352] <Example 2 of a manufacturing method for a light-emitting device> Next, the method for fabricating the light-emitting device shown in Figure 9 will be explained using Figures 10(A) to 11(B).

[0353] As shown in Figure 10(A), on the electrodes (551B, 551G, 551R) and partition wall 528 (see Figure 3(B)) formed on the first substrate 510, an EL layer 103P (including a hole injection / transport layer 104P), a charge generation layer 106, and an EL layer 103Q (including a hole injection / transport layer 104Q and an electron transport layer 108Q) are formed to cover them. Furthermore, a sacrificial layer 110 is formed on the EL layer 103Q. The configuration of the sacrificial layer 110 is the same as described in Figure 4(A), so it is omitted here.

[0354] Next, as shown in Figure 10(B), a resist is applied to the sacrificial layer 110, and then the resist is removed from the areas of the sacrificial layer 110 that do not overlap electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R, forming a resist mask REG such that the resist remains in the areas of the sacrificial layer 110 that overlap electrodes 551B, 551G, and 551R. For example, the resist applied to the sacrificial layer 110 is formed into a desired shape using photolithography. Then, a portion of the sacrificial layer 110 not covered by the obtained resist mask REG is removed by etching. After that, the resist mask REG is removed, and a portion of the EL layer 103P (including the hole injection / transport layer 104P), charge generation layer 106, and EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and electron transport layer 108Q) not covered by the sacrificial layer is removed by etching, processing into a shape with sides (or with exposed sides), or a strip shape extending in a direction intersecting the paper plane. Specifically, dry etching is performed using a sacrificial layer 110 with a pattern formed on the EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q) (see Figure 10(C)). Although not shown in Figure 10(C), if the sacrificial layer 110 has a laminated structure with a first sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer, as described in Figure 4(A), a portion of the second sacrificial layer may be etched with a resist mask REG, then the resist mask REG is removed, and a portion of the first sacrificial layer is etched using the second sacrificial layer as a mask, thereby processing the EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q), the charge generation layer 106, and the EL layer 103P (including the hole injection / transport layer 104P) into a predetermined shape. The partition wall 528 can be used as an etching stopper.

[0355] Next, an insulating layer 107 is formed on the sacrificial layer 110, the EL layers (103P, 103Q), and the partition wall 528. For example, using the ALD method, the insulating layer 107 is formed on the sacrificial layer 110, the EL layers (103P, 103Q), and the partition wall 528 so as to cover them. In this case, the insulating layer 107 is formed in contact with the sides of each EL layer (103P, 103Q) as shown in Figure 10(C). Specifically, the insulating layer 107 is also formed on the sides exposed when the EL layer 103P (including the hole injection / transport layer 104P), the charge generation layer 106, and the EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q) are etched. This makes it possible to suppress the intrusion of oxygen or moisture, or their constituent elements, into the interior from the sides of each EL layer (103P, 103Q). For example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used as the material for the insulating layer 107. Alternatively, the hole transport material described in Embodiment 2 can be used as the material for the insulating layer 107.

[0356] Next, as shown in Figure 11(A), the sacrificial layer 110 is removed to form an electron injection layer 109 on the insulating layer 107 and the electron transport layer 108Q. The electron injection layer 109 is formed, for example, by vacuum deposition. The electron injection layer 109 has a structure located on the sides of some of the layers of each EL layer (103P, 103Q) (including the hole injection / transport layers (104P, 104Q), the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layers (108P, 108Q)) and the charge generation layers (106B, 106G, 106R) via the insulating layer 107.

[0357] Next, electrodes 552 are formed on the electron injection layer 109. The electrodes 552 are formed, for example, by vacuum deposition. The electrodes 552 have a structure that is located on the sides (or edges) of some layers of each EL layer (103P, 103Q) (including the hole injection / transport layers (104P, 104Q), the light-emitting layer, and the electron transport layers (108P, 108Q)) and the charge generation layers (106B, 106G, 106R) via the electron injection layer 109 and the insulating layer 107. This prevents electrical short circuits between each EL layer (103P, 103Q) and the electrodes 552, or more specifically, between the hole injection / transport layers (104P, 104Q) of each EL layer (103P, 103Q) and the electrodes 552.

[0358] As described above, the EL layer 103P (including the hole injection / transport layer 104P), charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R), and EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and electron transport layer 108Q) of the light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, and light-emitting device 550R can be formed separately in a single photolithography pattern formation.

[0359] Next, an insulating layer 573, a colored layer CFB, a colored layer CFG, a colored layer CFR, and an insulating layer 705 are formed (see Figure 11(B)).

[0360] For example, an insulating layer 573 is formed by laminating a flat film and a dense film. Specifically, a flat film is formed using a coating method, and a dense film is laminated on top of the flat film using chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition (ALD). This makes it possible to form a high-quality insulating layer 573 with few defects.

[0361] For example, a color resist is used to form colored layers CFB, CFG, and CFR in predetermined shapes. The colored layers CFR and CFB are processed so that they overlap on the partition wall 528. This suppresses the phenomenon of light from adjacent light-emitting devices bending around the material.

[0362] The insulating layer 705 can be made of an inorganic material, an organic material, or a composite material of an inorganic material and an organic material.

[0363] Furthermore, when separating and processing the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R) of each light-emitting device, a pattern is formed using photolithography, enabling the creation of high-resolution light-emitting devices (display panels). In addition, the edges (sides) of the EL layer processed by pattern formation using photolithography have a shape that is approximately the same surface (or is located on approximately the same plane).

[0364] Furthermore, the hole injection layer and charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R) included in the hole transport region of the EL layer (103P, 103Q) often have high conductivity. Therefore, if they are formed as layers common to adjacent light-emitting devices, they may cause crosstalk. Accordingly, by separating the EL layer using pattern formation with photolithography, as shown in this example configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0365] <Example of configuration of light-emitting device 700 5> The light-emitting device (display panel) 700 shown in Figure 12 includes light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R. These light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R are formed on a functional layer 520 provided on a first substrate 510. The functional layer 520 includes drive circuits GD and SD, composed of multiple transistors, as well as wiring for their electrical connection. These drive circuits, for example, are electrically connected to and can drive the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R. The drive circuits GD and SD will be described later in Embodiment 4.

[0366] Furthermore, the light-emitting devices 550B, 550G, and 550R have the device structure shown in Embodiment 2. This is particularly suitable when each light-emitting device has a structure including stacked EL layers 103 as shown in Figure 1(B), a so-called tandem structure.

[0367] As shown in Figure 12, there is a gap 580 between each light-emitting device, for example, between light-emitting device 550B and light-emitting device 550G. Therefore, the configuration includes forming an insulating layer 540 in this gap 580.

[0368] For example, by pattern formation using photolithography, the EL layer 103P (including the hole injection / transport layer 104P), the charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R), and the EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q) can be separated and formed, and then an insulating layer 540 can be formed in the gap 580 using photolithography. Furthermore, electrodes 552 can be formed on the EL layer 103Q (including the hole injection / transport layer 104Q and the electron transport layer 108Q) and the insulating layer 540.

[0369] In this configuration, since each EL layer is separated by the insulating layer 540, the insulating layer shown in Configuration Example 3 (insulating layer 107 in Figures 8(A) and 8(B)) is not required.

[0370] Furthermore, when separating and processing the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R) of each light-emitting device, a pattern is formed using photolithography, enabling the creation of high-resolution light-emitting devices (display panels). In addition, the edges (sides) of the EL layer processed by pattern formation using photolithography have a shape that is approximately the same surface (or is located on approximately the same plane).

[0371] Furthermore, the hole injection layer and charge generation layer (106B, 106G, 106R) included in the hole transport region of the EL layer (103P, 103Q) often have high conductivity. Therefore, if they are formed as layers common to adjacent light-emitting devices, they may cause crosstalk. Accordingly, by separating the EL layer using pattern formation with photolithography, as shown in this example configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting devices.

[0372] Furthermore, in this example configuration, adjacent light-emitting devices (light-emitting device 550B, light-emitting device 550G, light-emitting device 550R) may be manufactured using the manufacturing method described in Figures 3 to 6. In this case, the EL layer (103P, 103Q) and charge generation layer (106R, 106G, 106R) of each light-emitting device can be formed separately, making it possible to change the configuration of the EL layer (103P, 103Q) for each device. For example, the EL layer (103P, 103Q) of light-emitting device 550B may be made into a layer that emits blue light by using a light-emitting material that emits green light by using a light-emitting material that emits green light by using a light-emitting material that emits green light by using a light-emitting material that emits red light by using a light-emitting material that emits red light by using a layer that emits red light by using a light-emitting material that emits red light by using a light-emitting material that emits red light by using a layer that emits red light by using a light-emitting material that emits red light by using a layer that emits red light by using a light-emitting material that emits red light by using a EL layer (103P, 103Q) of light-emitting device 550R. Alternatively, different luminescent materials exhibiting different emission colors may be used for the EL layer (103P) and EL layer (103Q) of the light-emitting device 550B, the EL layer (103P) and EL layer (103Q) of the light-emitting device 550G, and the EL layer (103P) and EL layer (103Q) of the light-emitting device 550R.

[0373] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments.

[0374] (Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device, which is one aspect of the present invention, will be described using Figures 13(A) to 15(B). The light-emitting device 700 shown in Figures 13(A) to 15(B) has the light-emitting device shown in Embodiment 2. Furthermore, the light-emitting device 700 described in this embodiment can also be called a display panel because it is applicable to the display section of electronic devices and the like.

[0375] As shown in Figure 13(A), the light-emitting device 700 described in this embodiment includes a display area 231, the display area 231 having a pair of pixels 703(i,j). Also, as shown in Figure 13(B), there is a pair of pixels 703(i+1,j) adjacent to the pair of pixels 703(i,j).

[0376] Note that pixel 703(i,j) can contain multiple pixels. For example, multiple pixels displaying colors with different hues can be used. Each of these multiple pixels can be referred to as a subpixel. Alternatively, multiple subpixels can be grouped together and referred to as a single pixel.

[0377] This allows for additive or subtractive color mixing of the colors displayed by the multiple pixels. Alternatively, it enables the display of hues that cannot be displayed by individual pixels.

[0378] Specifically, the pixel 702B(i,j) that displays blue, the pixel 702G(i,j) that displays green, and the pixel 702R(i,j) that displays red can be used as the pixel 703(i,j). In addition, pixels 702B(i,j), 702G(i,j), and 702R(i,j) can each be referred to as subpixels.

[0379] Additionally, a pixel displaying white or the like may be used as pixel 703(i,j) in addition to the above pair. Furthermore, a pixel displaying cyan, a pixel displaying magenta, and a pixel displaying yellow may each be used as a sub-pixel in pixel 703(i,j).

[0380] In addition to the above pair, a pixel that emits infrared light may be used for pixel 703(i,j). Specifically, a pixel that emits light including light with a wavelength of 650 nm to 1000 nm can be used for pixel 703(i,j).

[0381] The display area 231 shown in Figure 13(A) is surrounded by a drive circuit GD and a drive circuit SD. It also has terminals 519 that are electrically connected to the drive circuits GD and SD. Terminals 519 can be electrically connected, for example, to a flexible printed circuit FPC1 (see Figure 16).

[0382] The drive circuit GD has the function of supplying a first selection signal and a second selection signal. For example, the drive circuit GD is electrically connected to the conductive film G1(i), which will be described later, and supplies the first selection signal, and is electrically connected to the conductive film G2(i), which will be described later, and supplies the second selection signal. The drive circuit SD also has the function of supplying an image signal and a control signal, and the control signal includes a first level and a second level. For example, the drive circuit SD is electrically connected to the conductive film S1g(j), which will be described later, and supplies the image signal, and is electrically connected to the conductive film S2g(j), which will be described later, and supplies the control signal.

[0383] Figure 15(A) shows cross-sectional views of the light-emitting device along the dashed lines X1-X2 and X3-X4 shown in Figure 13(A). As shown in Figure 15(A), the light-emitting device 700 has a functional layer 520 between the first substrate 510 and the second substrate 770. The functional layer 520 includes the aforementioned drive circuit GD, drive circuit SD, and wiring that electrically connects them. In Figure 15(A), the functional layer 520 is shown to include a pixel circuit 530B(i,j) and a pixel circuit 530G(i,j) and a drive circuit GD, but is not limited to this configuration.

[0384] Furthermore, each pixel circuit of the functional layer 520 (for example, pixel circuits 530B(i,j) and 530G(i,j) shown in Figure 15(A)) is electrically connected to each light-emitting device formed on the functional layer 520 (for example, light-emitting devices 550B(i,j) and 550G(i,j) shown in Figure 15(A)). Specifically, light-emitting device 550B(i,j) is electrically connected to pixel circuit 530B(i,j) via aperture 591B, and light-emitting device 550G(i,j) is electrically connected to pixel circuit 530G(i,j) via aperture 591G. In addition, an insulating layer 705 is provided on the functional layer 520 and each light-emitting device, and the insulating layer 705 has the function of bonding the second substrate 770 and the functional layer 520.

[0385] Furthermore, the second substrate 770 can be a substrate equipped with touch sensors in a matrix. For example, a substrate equipped with a capacitive touch sensor or an optical touch sensor can be used as the second substrate 770. This allows the light-emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention to be used as a touch panel.

[0386] Furthermore, the specific configuration of the pixel circuit 530G(i,j) is shown in Figure 14(A).

[0387] As shown in Figure 14(A), the pixel circuit 530G(i,j) has switch SW21, switch SW22, transistor M21, capacitor C21, and node N21. The pixel circuit 530G(i,j) also has node N22, capacitor C22, and switch SW23.

[0388] Transistor M21 has a gate electrode electrically connected to node N21, a first electrode electrically connected to light-emitting device 550G(i,j), and a second electrode electrically connected to conductive film ANO.

[0389] Switch SW21 has a first terminal electrically connected to node N21 and a second terminal electrically connected to the conductive film S1g(j). Switch SW21 also has the function of controlling the conduction state or non-conduction state based on the potential of the conductive film G1(i).

[0390] Switch SW22 has a first terminal electrically connected to the conductive film S2g(j) and has the function of controlling the conduction state or non-conduction state based on the potential of the conductive film G2(i).

[0391] Capacitor C21 has a conductive film electrically connected to node N21 and a conductive film electrically connected to the second electrode of switch SW22.

[0392] This allows the image signal to be stored in node N21. Alternatively, the potential of node N21 can be changed using switch SW22. Or, the intensity of the light emitted by the light-emitting device 550G(i,j) can be controlled using the potential of node N21.

[0393] Next, Figure 14(B) shows an example of the specific structure of transistor M21, as explained in Figure 14(A). Note that, as appropriate, a bottom-gate transistor or a top-gate transistor can be used as transistor M21.

[0394] The transistor shown in Figure 14(B) has a semiconductor film 508, a conductive film 504, an insulating film 506, a conductive film 512A, and a conductive film 512B. The transistor is formed, for example, on an insulating film 501C. The transistor also has an insulating film 516 (insulating film 516A and insulating film 516B) and an insulating film 518.

[0395] The semiconductor film 508 has a region 508A that is electrically connected to the conductive film 512A, and a region 508B that is electrically connected to the conductive film 512B. The semiconductor film 508 has a region 508C between regions 508A and 508B.

[0396] The conductive film 504 has a region that overlaps with region 508C, and the conductive film 504 has the function of a gate electrode.

[0397] The insulating film 506 has a region sandwiched between the semiconductor film 508 and the conductive film 504. The insulating film 506 functions as a first gate insulating film.

[0398] The conductive film 512A has either the function of a source electrode or the function of a drain electrode, and the conductive film 512B has either the function of a source electrode or the function of a drain electrode.

[0399] Furthermore, the conductive film 524 can be used in a transistor. The conductive film 524 has a region in which the semiconductor film 508 is sandwiched between it and the conductive film 504. The conductive film 524 functions as a second gate electrode. The insulating film 501D is sandwiched between the semiconductor film 508 and the conductive film 524 and functions as a second gate insulating film.

[0400] The insulating film 516 functions, for example, as a protective film covering the semiconductor film 508. Specifically, the insulating film 516 can include films containing silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, gallium oxide, tantalum oxide, magnesium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, or neodymium oxide.

[0401] The insulating film 518 is preferably made of a material that has the function of suppressing the diffusion of, for example, oxygen, hydrogen, water, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, etc. Specifically, as the insulating film 518, for example, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride, etc. are available. Furthermore, it is preferable that the number of nitrogen atoms is greater than the number of oxygen atoms in silicon oxynitride and aluminum oxynitride, respectively.

[0402] Furthermore, in the process of forming the semiconductor film used for the transistors in the pixel circuit, the semiconductor film used for the transistors in the drive circuit can also be formed. For example, a semiconductor film with the same composition as the semiconductor film used for the transistors in the pixel circuit can be used in the drive circuit.

[0403] Furthermore, the semiconductor film 508 can be made of a semiconductor containing elements of Group 14. Specifically, a semiconductor containing silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508.

[0404] Furthermore, hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Alternatively, microcrystalline silicon or the like can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This makes it possible to provide a light-emitting device (or display panel) with less display unevenness than, for example, a light-emitting device (or display panel) that uses polysilicon for the semiconductor film 508. Alternatively, it is easier to scale up the light-emitting device.

[0405] Furthermore, polysilicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows for a higher field-effect mobility of the transistor compared to a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508. It also allows for improved driving capability compared to a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508. Alternatively, it allows for an improved aperture ratio of the pixels compared to a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508.

[0406] Alternatively, for example, the reliability of the transistor can be improved compared to a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film 508.

[0407] Alternatively, the temperature required for transistor fabrication can be lowered compared to, for example, transistors using single-crystal silicon.

[0408] Alternatively, the semiconductor film used for the transistors in the drive circuit can be formed using the same process as the semiconductor film used for the transistors in the pixel circuit. Alternatively, the drive circuit can be formed on the same substrate as the substrate on which the pixel circuit is formed. Alternatively, the number of components constituting the electronic device can be reduced.

[0409] Furthermore, single-crystal silicon can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows for higher resolution than, for example, a light-emitting device (or display panel) that uses hydrogenated amorphous silicon for the semiconductor film 508. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a light-emitting device with less display unevenness than a light-emitting device that uses polysilicon for the semiconductor film 508. Alternatively, for example, smart glasses or a head-mounted display can be provided.

[0410] Furthermore, a metal oxide can be used for the semiconductor film 508. This allows the pixel circuit to hold the image signal for a longer time compared to a pixel circuit using a transistor with a hydrogenated amorphous silicon semiconductor film. Specifically, the selection signal can be supplied at a frequency of less than 30 Hz, preferably less than 1 Hz, and more preferably less than once per minute, while suppressing the occurrence of flicker. As a result, fatigue accumulated in the user of the electronic device can be reduced. In addition, power consumption associated with operation can be reduced.

[0411] Furthermore, an oxide semiconductor can be used for the semiconductor film 508. Specifically, an oxide semiconductor containing indium, an oxide semiconductor containing indium, gallium, and zinc, or an oxide semiconductor containing indium, gallium, zinc, and tin can be used for the semiconductor film 508.

[0412] Furthermore, by using an oxide semiconductor as the semiconductor film, it is possible to obtain a transistor with a smaller leakage current in the off state than a transistor using hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film. Therefore, it is preferable to use a transistor using an oxide semiconductor as the semiconductor film for switches and the like. Moreover, a circuit using a transistor with an oxide semiconductor as the semiconductor film as a switch can maintain the potential of the floating node for a longer time than a circuit using a transistor with hydrogenated amorphous silicon as the semiconductor film as a switch.

[0413] Figure 15(A) shows a light-emitting device with a structure that extracts light from the second substrate 770 side (top emission type), but as shown in Figure 15(B), a light-emitting device with a structure that extracts light from the first substrate 510 side (bottom emission type) may also be used. In the case of a bottom emission type light-emitting device, the first electrode 101 is formed to function as a semi-transparent / semi-reflective electrode, and the second electrode 102 is formed to function as a reflective electrode.

[0414] Furthermore, although Figures 15(A) and 15(B) describe an active matrix type light-emitting device, the configuration of the light-emitting device shown in Embodiment 2 may also be applied to the passive matrix type light-emitting device shown in Figures 16(A) and 16(B).

[0415] Figure 16(A) is a perspective view showing a passive matrix type light-emitting device, and Figure 16(B) is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting Figure 16(A) along the X and Y axes. In Figures 16(A) and 16(B), electrodes 952 and 956 are provided on the substrate 951, and an EL layer 955 is provided between electrodes 952 and 956. The ends of electrodes 952 are covered with an insulating layer 953. A partition layer 954 is provided on the insulating layer 953. The side walls of the partition layer 954 have a slope such that the distance between one side wall and the other side wall narrows as it approaches the substrate surface. In other words, the cross-section of the partition layer 954 in the short axis direction is trapezoidal, and the lower base (the side in contact with the insulating layer 953) is shorter than the upper base. By providing the partition layer 954 in this way, it is possible to prevent defects in the light-emitting device caused by static electricity, etc.

[0416] The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments.

[0417] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, the configuration of an electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention will be explained with reference to Figures 17(A) to 19(B).

[0418] Figures 17(A) to 19(B) illustrate the configuration of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17(A) is a block diagram of the electronic device, and Figures 17(B) to 17(E) are perspective views illustrating the configuration of the electronic device. Figures 18(A) to 18(E) are perspective views illustrating the configuration of the electronic device, and Figures 19(A) and 19(B) are perspective views illustrating the configuration of the electronic device.

[0419] The electronic device 5200B described in this embodiment includes a computing device 5210 and an input / output device 5220 (see Figure 17(A)).

[0420] The arithmetic unit 5210 has a function to receive operation information and a function to supply image information based on the operation information.

[0421] The input / output device 5220 includes a display unit 5230, an input unit 5240, a detection unit 5250, a communication unit 5290, a function for supplying operation information, and a function for supplying image information. Furthermore, the input / output device 5220 also includes a function for supplying detection information, a function for supplying communication information, and a function for receiving communication information.

[0422] The input unit 5240 has the function of supplying operation information. For example, the input unit 5240 supplies operation information based on the operation of the user of the electronic device 5200B.

[0423] Specifically, the input unit 5240 can use a keyboard, hardware buttons, pointing device, touch sensor, illuminance sensor, imaging device, voice input device, eye-tracking device, posture detection device, etc.

[0424] The display unit 5230 has the function of displaying a display panel and image information. For example, the display panel described in Embodiment 2 can be used in the display unit 5230.

[0425] The detection unit 5250 has the function of supplying detection information. For example, it has the function of detecting the surrounding environment in which electronic equipment is being used and supplying it as detection information.

[0426] Specifically, illuminance sensors, imaging devices, posture detection devices, pressure sensors, and human presence sensors can be used in the detection unit 5250.

[0427] The communication unit 5290 has functions for receiving and supplying communication information. For example, it has functions for connecting with other electronic devices or communication networks via wireless or wired communication. Specifically, it has functions such as wireless local area communication, telephone communication, and short-range wireless communication.

[0428] Figure 17(B) shows an electronic device having an external shape that follows a cylindrical column or the like. One example is digital signage. A display panel, which is one aspect of the present invention, can be applied to the display unit 5230. It may also have a function to change the display method according to the illumination of the usage environment. It may also have a function to change the display content when a person is detected. This allows it to be installed, for example, on a building column, or to display advertisements or information.

[0429] Figure 17(C) shows an electronic device that has the function of generating image information based on the trajectory of a pointer used by the user. Examples include electronic whiteboards, electronic bulletin boards, and electronic signboards. Specifically, a display panel with a diagonal length of 20 inches or more, preferably 40 inches or more, and more preferably 55 inches or more can be used. Alternatively, multiple display panels can be arranged to form a single display area. Alternatively, multiple display panels can be arranged to form a multi-screen.

[0430] Figure 17(D) shows an electronic device that can receive information from other devices and display it on the display unit 5230. One example is a wearable electronic device. Specifically, it can display several options, or the user can select several options and send them back to the information sender. Alternatively, it can have a function to change the display method according to the illumination of the usage environment. This can reduce the power consumption of the wearable electronic device, for example. Alternatively, it can display images on the wearable electronic device so that it can be used suitably even in environments with strong ambient light, such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0431] Figure 17(E) shows an electronic device having a display unit 5230 with a curved surface that gently curves along the side of the housing. One example is a mobile phone. The display unit 5230 includes a display panel, which has the function of displaying on, for example, the front, side, top, and back. This allows information to be displayed not only on the front of the mobile phone, but also on the sides, top, and back.

[0432] Figure 18(A) shows an electronic device that can receive information from the internet and display it on the display unit 5230. One example is a smartphone. For example, a message that has been created can be viewed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, a message that has been created can be sent to another device. Alternatively, for example, it has a function to change the display method according to the illumination of the usage environment. This can reduce the power consumption of the smartphone. Alternatively, for example, an image can be displayed on the display unit 5230 so that it can be used suitably even in environments with strong ambient light, such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0433] Figure 18(B) shows an electronic device that can use a remote controller as an input unit 5240. One example is a television system. For example, it can receive information from a broadcasting station or the internet and display it on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, it can photograph the user using the detection unit 5250. Alternatively, it can transmit the user's video. Alternatively, it can acquire the user's viewing history and provide it to a cloud service. Alternatively, it can acquire recommendation information from a cloud service and display it on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, it can display a program or video based on the recommendation information. Alternatively, for example, it has a function to change the display method according to the illumination of the usage environment. This allows the video to be displayed on the display unit 5230 so that it can be used effectively even when strong sunlight shines into the room on a sunny day.

[0434] Figure 18(C) shows an electronic device that can receive educational materials from the internet and display them on the display unit 5230. An example of such a device is a tablet computer. Using the input unit 5240, reports can be entered and sent to the internet. Alternatively, the correction results or evaluations of reports can be obtained from a cloud service and displayed on the display unit 5230. Or, based on the evaluation, suitable educational materials can be selected and displayed.

[0435] For example, it can receive image signals from other electronic devices and display them on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, it can be propped up on a stand or the like and used as a sub-display. For example, it can display images on the display unit 5230 so that it can be used effectively even in environments with strong ambient light, such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0436] Figure 18(D) shows an electronic device having multiple display units 5230. One example is a digital camera. For example, the detection unit 5250 can capture images while displaying them on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, captured images can be displayed on the display unit 5230. Alternatively, the input unit 5240 can be used to add embellishments to captured images. Alternatively, messages can be attached to captured images. Alternatively, images can be transmitted to the internet. Alternatively, the device has a function to change the shooting conditions according to the illumination of the environment in which they are used. This allows the subject to be displayed on the display unit 5230 so that it can be viewed favorably even in environments with strong ambient light, such as outdoors on a sunny day.

[0437] Figure 18(E) shows an electronic device that can control other electronic devices by using the electronic device of this embodiment as a master and using other electronic devices as slaves. One example is a portable personal computer. For example, part of the image information can be displayed on the display unit 5230 and the other part of the image information can be displayed on the display unit of the other electronic device. Alternatively, an image signal can be supplied. Alternatively, information to be written can be obtained from the input unit of the other electronic device using the communication unit 5290. This allows, for example, a portable personal computer to utilize a wide display area.

[0438] Figure 19(A) shows an electronic device having a detection unit 5250 that detects acceleration or direction. An example is a goggle-type electronic device. The detection unit 5250 can supply information relating to the user's position or the direction the user is facing. Alternatively, the electronic device can generate image information for the right eye and image information for the left eye based on the user's position or the direction the user is facing. Alternatively, the display unit 5230 has a display area for the right eye and a display area for the left eye. This allows, for example, the display unit 5230 to display images of an immersive virtual reality space.

[0439] Figure 19(B) shows an electronic device having an imaging device and a detection unit 5250 that detects acceleration or direction. An example is a glasses-type electronic device. The detection unit 5250 can supply information relating to the user's position or the direction the user is facing. Alternatively, the electronic device can generate image information based on the user's position or the direction the user is facing. This allows, for example, information to be attached to and displayed on a real-world landscape. Alternatively, images of an augmented reality space can be displayed on the glasses-type electronic device.

[0440] This embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments shown in this specification.

[0441] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, a configuration in which the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 2 is used as an illumination device will be explained with reference to Figure 20. Figure 20(A) is a cross-sectional view of the line segment ef in the top view of the illumination device shown in Figure 20(B).

[0442] In this embodiment, the lighting device has a first electrode 401 formed on a translucent substrate 400 which serves as a support. The first electrode 401 corresponds to the first electrode 101 in Embodiment 2. When light is extracted from the first electrode 401 side, the first electrode 401 is formed from a translucent material.

[0443] A pad 412 for supplying voltage to the second electrode 404 is formed on the substrate 400.

[0444] An EL layer 403 is formed on the first electrode 401. The EL layer 403 corresponds to the configuration of the EL layer 103 in Embodiment 2, or a configuration combining EL layers 103a, 103b, 103c and charge generation layer 106 (106a, 106b). For details on these configurations, please refer to the relevant description.

[0445] A second electrode 404 is formed by covering the EL layer 403. The second electrode 404 corresponds to the second electrode 102 in Embodiment 2. When light emission is extracted from the first electrode 401 side, the second electrode 404 is formed of a material with high reflectivity. Voltage is supplied to the second electrode 404 by connecting it to the pad 412.

[0446] As described above, the lighting device shown in this embodiment has a light-emitting device having a first electrode 401, an EL layer 403, and a second electrode 404. Since this light-emitting device is a light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency, the lighting device in this embodiment can be a lighting device with low power consumption.

[0447] The lighting device is completed by fixing and sealing the substrate 400, on which the light-emitting device having the above configuration is formed, and the sealing substrate 407 using sealing materials 405 and 406. Either sealing material 405 or 406 may be used. In addition, a desiccant can be mixed into the inner sealing material 406 (not shown in Figure 20(B)), which allows for the adsorption of moisture and leads to improved reliability.

[0448] Furthermore, by extending the pad 412 and a portion of the first electrode 401 outside the sealing materials 405 and 406, it can be used as an external input terminal. Alternatively, an IC chip 420 with a converter or the like may be placed on top of it.

[0449] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment, an example of an application of a lighting device manufactured by applying a light-emitting device, or a light-emitting device which is a part thereof, which is one aspect of the present invention, will be explained with reference to Figure 21.

[0450] For indoor lighting, it can be applied as a ceiling light 8001. The ceiling light 8001 comes in various types, including surface-mounted and recessed ceiling types. Such lighting devices are constructed by combining a light-emitting device with a housing or cover. It can also be applied as a cord pendant type (suspended from the ceiling by a cord).

[0451] Furthermore, the 8002 footlight illuminates the floor surface, enhancing safety underfoot. For example, it is effective for use in bedrooms, stairwells, and corridors. In such cases, the size and shape can be appropriately changed according to the size and structure of the room. It can also be configured as a freestanding lighting device consisting of a light-emitting device and a support base.

[0452] Furthermore, the sheet-type lighting 8003 is a thin, sheet-shaped lighting device. Because it is attached to a wall surface, it does not take up much space and can be used in a wide range of applications. It can also be easily made to cover a large area. It can also be used on curved walls or enclosures.

[0453] Alternatively, a lighting device 8004 can be used in which the light from the light source is controlled to flow only in a desired direction.

[0454] Furthermore, the desk lamp 8005 has a light source 8006, and as the light source 8006, a light-emitting device that is a part of the present invention or a light-emitting device that is a part thereof can be applied.

[0455] In addition to the above, by applying a light-emitting device, or a light-emitting device that is a part thereof, according to one aspect of the present invention, to a part of the furniture installed in the room, it is possible to create a lighting device that also functions as furniture.

[0456] As described above, various lighting devices to which the light-emitting device is applied can be obtained. These lighting devices are included in one aspect of the present invention.

[0457] In addition, the configurations shown in the present embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments.

Example

[0458] ≪Synthesis Example 1≫ In the present example, a method for synthesizing an organic compound shown as Structural Formula (137) in Embodiment 1, 2-[3-{(3,5-di-tert-butyl)phenyl}-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn) will be described. The structure of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn is shown below.

[0459]

Chemical Formula

[0460] <Synthesis of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn> 4.0 g (6.4 mmol) of 2-{3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 0.93 g (5.8 mmol) of 5-bromopyrimidine, 32 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 9 mL of 2 mol / L tripotassium phosphate aqueous solution were added to a three-necked flask and degassed. Then, 13 mg (0.058 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate and 56 mg (0.12 mmol) of 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) were added and the mixture was heated at 65°C for 22 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was filtered and the filtrate was collected. Extraction was performed with toluene, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. The mixture was naturally filtered, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated to obtain a brown oil. This was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate:hexane = 1:5 as the developing solvent to obtain a pale yellow solid. The obtained solid was purified again by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate:toluene = 1:5 as the developing solvent to obtain a white to pale yellow solid. This solid was recrystallized with toluene / ethanol to obtain 2.9 g (yield: 86%) of the desired white solid. The synthesis scheme is shown in formula (a-1) below.

[0461] [ka]

[0462] The obtained solid (2.9 g) was purified by sublimation using the train sublimation method. The conditions were: heating the solid at 235°C for 17 hours, 240°C for 7.5 hours, and then at 245°C for 16.5 hours under a pressure of 6.0 Pa while flowing argon gas. After sublimation purification, 2.7 g of the target product was obtained as a white solid with a recovery rate of 92%.

[0463] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the white solid obtained above ( 1The results of the analysis by 1H-NMR are shown below. From these results, it was found that in this example, the organic compound mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, which is one embodiment of the present invention represented by the above-mentioned structural formula (137), was obtained.

[0464] 1 H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.45(s,18H),7.57-7.67(m,9H),7.99(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.80(dd,J =7.7Hz,1.7Hz,4H),8.96(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.09(t,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.19(s,2H),9.32(s,1H).

[0465] Next, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (hereinafter simply referred to as "absorption spectrum") of the dichloromethane solution of the obtained organic compound was measured. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer (V550 model, manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used to measure the absorption spectrum at room temperature. A quartz cell was used for measurement. The results of the absorption spectrum measurement are shown in Figure 22. The horizontal axis represents wavelength, and the vertical axis represents absorption intensity. Figure 22 shows the result of subtracting the absorption spectrum measured with only dichloromethane in a quartz cell from the absorption spectrum measured with the dichloromethane solution in a quartz cell.

[0466] Figure 22 shows an absorption peak at 268 nm, indicating that there is no absorption in the visible region, which ranges from 440 nm to 700 nm.

[0467] Next, the obtained organic compounds were subjected to mass (MS) analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS analysis).

[0468] LC / MS analysis was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific UltiMate 3000 for LC (liquid chromatography) separation and a Thermo Fisher Scientific Q Exactive for MS (mass spectrometry) analysis.

[0469] For LC separation, any column was used with a column temperature of 40°C, and the solvent was appropriately selected for the delivery conditions. Samples were prepared by dissolving organic compounds of any concentration in an organic solvent, and the injection volume was 5.0 μL.

[0470] The exact mass of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, with a mass of m / z = 575.30, was obtained using the Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) method. 2 Measurements were performed. The PRM settings were configured with a target ion mass range of m / z = 575.30 ± 2.0 (isolation window = 4), and detection was performed in positive mode. The NCE (Normalized Collision Energy) for accelerating the target ions in the collision cell was set to 60 for the measurement. The obtained MS spectra are shown in Figure 23.

[0471] Fragment ions with m / z=104.05 and m / z=370.23 were detected. These are thought to be fragments composed of one substituent bonded to triazine and carbon and nitrogen atoms derived from triazine. For example, m / z=104.05 is thought to be a fragment in which one carbon and one nitrogen atom derived from triazine are bonded to a phenyl group. Similarly, m / z=370.23 is thought to be a fragment in which one carbon and one nitrogen atom derived from triazine are bonded to a substituent other than the phenyl group. These fragments can be considered a characteristic feature of compounds with a triazine skeleton.

[0472] The results in Figure 23 confirm that the target product, mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, was obtained.

[0473] In addition, Fig. 24 shows the results of measuring the refractive index of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-2000U manufactured by J. A. Woollam Japan Co., Ltd.). For the measurement, a film formed by vacuum deposition of about 50 nm of the material of each layer on a quartz substrate was used. In the figure, the refractive index of the ordinary ray, n,Ordinary, and the refractive index of the extraordinary ray, n,Extra-ordinary, are described.

[0474] From Fig. 24, it was found that mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn has an ordinary refractive index of 1.65 throughout the blue light emission region (455 nm or more and 465 nm or less), which is in the range of 1.50 or more and 1.75 or less, and the ordinary refractive index at 633 nm is also 1.61, which is in the range of 1.45 or more and 1.70 or less, indicating that it is a material with a low refractive index.

Example

[0475] ≪Synthesis Example 2≫ In this example, the synthesis method of the organic compound shown as Structural Formula (154) in Embodiment 1, 2-[3-{(3,5-di-tert-butyl)phenyl}-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn) will be described. The structure of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn is shown below.

[0476]

Chemical formula

[0477] <Synthesis of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn> 4.0 g (6.4 mmol) of 2-{3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 0.67 g (5.8 mmol) of chloropyrazine, 1.6 g (12 mmol) of potassium carbonate, 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and 15 mL of water were added to a three-necked flask and degassed. Then, 0.13 g (0.12 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) was added and the mixture was heated at 65°C for 14 hours. After the reaction was complete, extraction was performed with toluene, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. The mixture was filtered naturally, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated to obtain a brown solid. This solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography using toluene alone as the developing solvent, with the polarity sequentially changing from toluene:ethyl acetate = 100:1 to 10:1, to obtain a white to pale yellow solid. The obtained solid was purified again by silica gel column chromatography using toluene:ethyl acetate = 50:1 as the developing solvent to obtain a white solid. This solid was recrystallized in toluene / ethanol to obtain 3.0 g of the target white solid (yield: 90%). The synthesis scheme is shown in formula (b-1) below.

[0478] [ka]

[0479] The obtained solid (3.0 g) was purified by sublimation using the train sublimation method. The conditions were to heat the solid at 240°C for 23 hours, followed by 245°C for 23 hours, while flowing argon gas at a pressure of 5.6 Pa. After sublimation purification, 2.8 g of the target white solid was obtained with a recovery rate of 94%.

[0480] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the white solid obtained above ( 1 The results of the analysis by 1H-NMR are shown below. From these results, it was found that in this example, the organic compound mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, which is one embodiment of the present invention represented by the above-mentioned structural formula (154), was obtained.

[0481] 1 H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.45(s,18H),7.55-7.66(m,9H),8.48(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.62(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.76(t,J =2.1Hz,1H),8.82(dd,J=8.0Hz,1.7Hz,4H),9.11(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),9.29(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.35(t,J=1.7Hz,1H).

[0482] Next, the absorption spectrum of the dichloromethane solution of the obtained organic compound was measured. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, V550 model) was used to measure the absorption spectrum at room temperature. A quartz cell was used for measurement. The results of the absorption spectrum measurement are shown in Figure 25. The horizontal axis represents wavelength, and the vertical axis represents absorption intensity. Figure 25 shows the result of subtracting the absorption spectrum measured with only dichloromethane in a quartz cell from the absorption spectrum measured with the dichloromethane solution in a quartz cell.

[0483] Next, the obtained organic compounds were subjected to mass (MS) analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC / MS analysis).

[0484] LC / MS analysis was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific UltiMate 3000 for LC (liquid chromatography) separation and a Thermo Fisher Scientific Q Exactive for MS (mass spectrometry) analysis.

[0485] For LC separation, any column was used with a column temperature of 40°C, and the solvent was appropriately selected for the delivery conditions. The sample was prepared by dissolving mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn of any concentration in an organic solvent, and the injection volume was 5.0 μL.

[0486] The exact mass of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, with a metric ratio of m / z = 575.30, was obtained using the PRM method. 2Measurements were performed. The PRM settings were configured with a target ion mass range of m / z = 575.30 ± 2.0 (isolation window = 4), and detection was performed in positive mode. The NCE (Normalized Collision Energy) for accelerating the target ions within the collision cell was set to 50 for the measurement. MS 2 The MS spectrum obtained from the measurement is shown in Figure 26.

[0487] Fragment ions with m / z = 104.05 and m / z = 370.23 were detected. These are thought to be fragments composed of one substituent bonded to triazine and carbon and nitrogen atoms derived from triazine. For example, m / z = 104.05 is thought to be a fragment in which one carbon and one nitrogen atom derived from triazine are bonded to a phenyl group. Similarly, m / z = 370.23 is thought to be a fragment in which one carbon and one nitrogen atom derived from triazine are bonded to a substituent other than the phenyl group. These fragments can be considered a characteristic feature of compounds with a triazine skeleton.

[0488] The results in Figure 26 confirmed that the target product, mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, was obtained.

[0489] Figure 27 shows the results of measuring the refractive index of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-2000U, J.A. Woo-Lam Japan). For the measurement, a film was used in which each layer material was deposited on a quartz substrate by vacuum deposition, with a thickness of approximately 50 nm. The figure shows the refractive index of the ordinary ray (n,Ordinary) and the refractive index of the extraordinary ray (n,Extra-ordinary).

[0490] Figure 27 shows that mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn has a paraphotometric refractive index of 1.66 throughout the entire blue emission region (455 nm to 465 nm), which is in the range of 1.50 to 1.75. Furthermore, its paraphotometric refractive index at 633 nm is 1.62, which is in the range of 1.45 to 1.70, indicating that it is a material with a low refractive index. [Examples]

[0491] In this embodiment, a light-emitting device 1 and a comparative light-emitting device 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention described in the embodiments will be explained. The structural formulas of the organic compounds used in this embodiment are shown below.

[0492] [ka]

[0493] (Method for fabricating light-emitting device 1) First, a first electrode 101 was formed on a glass substrate by sputtering indium tin oxide (ITSO) containing silicon oxide to a thickness of 70 nm as a transparent electrode. The electrode area was 4 mm². 2 (2mm x 2mm)

[0494] Next, as a pretreatment for forming a light-emitting device on the substrate, the substrate surface was washed with water, baked at 200°C for 1 hour, and then subjected to UV ozone treatment for 370 seconds.

[0495] Then, 10 -4 The substrate was introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus where the internal pressure was reduced to approximately Pa. After vacuum firing at 170°C for 30 minutes in the heating chamber of the vacuum deposition apparatus, the substrate was allowed to cool for about 30 minutes.

[0496] Next, the substrate on which the first electrode 101 is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in a vacuum deposition apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode 101 is formed faces downwards. Then, a hole injection layer 111 is formed on the first electrode 101 by co-depositing N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviated as PCBBiF), represented by the above structural formula (i), and an electron acceptor material (OCHD-003) with a molecular weight of 672 and containing fluorine, in a weight ratio of 1:0.05 (=PCBBiF:OCHD-003) to a thickness of 10 nm using a vapor deposition method.

[0497] A hole transport layer 112 was formed by depositing 20 nm of PCBBiF onto the hole injection layer 111.

[0498] Next, an electron blocking layer was formed on the hole transport layer 112 by depositing N-[4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl]-N-[4-(4-dibenzofuranyl)phenyl]-[1,1':4',1''-terphenyl]-4-amine (abbreviated as YGTPDBfB), represented by structural formula (ii), to a thickness of 10 nm.

[0499] Subsequently, 2-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)-benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan (abbreviated as Bnf(II)PhA), represented by structural formula (iii), and 3,10-bis[N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]naphtho[2,3-b;6,7-b']bisbenzofuran (abbreviated as 3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02), represented by structural formula (iv), were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 1:0.015 (=Bnf(II)PhA:3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02) at a wavelength of 25 nm to form the light-emitting layer 113.

[0500] Next, 2-{(3',5'-di-tert-butyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBumBPTzn), represented by structural formula (v), is deposited to a thickness of 10 nm to form a hole-blocking layer. Then, 2-[3-{(3,5-di-tert-butyl)phenyl}-5-(pyriol), which is one embodiment of the present invention as described in Example 1, is deposited to form a hole-blocking layer. An electron transport layer 114 was formed by co-depositing 20 nm of [midine-5-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn) (structural formula (100)) and 6-methyl-8-quinolinolato-lithium (abbreviation: Li-6mq) represented by structural formula (vi) in a weight ratio of 1:1 (= mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn: Li-6mq).

[0501] After the formation of the electron transport layer 114, LiF was deposited to a thickness of 1 nm to form the electron injection layer 115.

[0502] Finally, the second electrode 102 was formed by depositing aluminum (Al) to a thickness of 200 nm, thereby fabricating the light-emitting device 1.

[0503] (Method for fabricating comparative light-emitting device 1) Comparative light-emitting device 1 was fabricated in the same manner as light-emitting device 1, but using 2-[3-(2,6-dimethylpyridine-3-yl)-5-(9-phenanthryl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviated as mPn-mDMePyPTzn), represented by structural formula (vii), instead of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn used in the electron transport layer 114, and using 8-quinolinolato-lithium (abbreviated as Liq), represented by structural formula (viii), instead of Li-6mq.

[0504] The element structures of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1 are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0505] [Table 1]

[0506] Furthermore, the refractive indices of mmtBuPh-mPmPTzn, mPn-mDMePyPTzn, Li-6mq, and Liq are shown in Figure 28, respectively, and the refractive indices at 456 nm are shown in Table 2. The refractive indices were measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-2000U, J.A. Woolam Japan). For the measurement samples, films were used in which each layer material was deposited on a quartz substrate by vacuum deposition to a thickness of approximately 50 nm. Note that the figures show the refractive index of the ordinary ray (n,Ordinary) and the refractive index of the extraordinary ray (n,Extra-ordinary).

[0507] [Table 2]

[0508] Each of the above-mentioned light-emitting devices was sealed with a glass substrate in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent exposure to the atmosphere (sealant was applied around the element, UV treatment was performed during sealing, and heat treatment was performed at 80°C for 1 hour). After this, the initial characteristics of these light-emitting devices were measured. No special measures were taken to improve the removal efficiency of the sealed glass substrate.

[0509] Figure 29 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1, Figure 30 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics, Figure 31 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics, Figure 32 shows the current-voltage characteristics, Figure 33 shows the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics, and Figure 34 shows the emission spectra. Furthermore, the luminance characteristics of light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1 at 1000 cd / m² are also shown. 2 Table 3 shows the main characteristics of the vicinity. Luminance, CIE chromaticity, and emission spectrum were measured using a spectroradiometer (Topcon SR-UL1R) at room temperature.

[0510] [Table 3]

[0511] The results shown in Figures 29 to 34 and Table 3 indicate that the light-emitting device 1 using a low refractive index material, which is one embodiment of the present invention, exhibits almost the same emission spectrum as the comparative light-emitting device 1, while being an EL device with better external quantum efficiency than the comparative light-emitting device 1.

[0512] Next, reliability tests were performed on each light-emitting device. The results of the reliability tests for light-emitting device 1 and comparative light-emitting device 1 are shown in Figure 35. In Figure 35, the vertical axis represents the normalized brightness (%) with the initial brightness set to 100%, and the horizontal axis represents the device's operating time (h). For the reliability test, each light-emitting device was subjected to a 50 mA / cm² test. 2 A drive test was conducted at a constant current density.

[0513] As shown in Figure 35, the light-emitting device 1 using a low refractive index material, which is one embodiment of the present invention, exhibits good reliability comparable to that of the comparative light-emitting device. Therefore, one embodiment of the present invention is suitable for light-emitting devices used in displays. [Examples]

[0514] In this embodiment, a light-emitting device 2 and a comparative light-emitting device 2, which are aspects of the present invention, will be described. The structural formulas of the organic compounds used in this embodiment are shown below.

[0515] [ka]

[0516] (Method for fabricating light-emitting device 2) First, a first electrode 101 was formed on a glass substrate by sputtering ITSO as a transparent electrode to a thickness of 70 nm. The electrode area was 4 mm². 2 (2mm x 2mm)

[0517] Next, as a pretreatment for forming a light-emitting device on the substrate, the substrate surface was washed with water, baked at 200°C for 1 hour, and then subjected to UV ozone treatment for 370 seconds.

[0518] Then, 10 -4 The substrate was introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus where the internal pressure was reduced to approximately Pa. After vacuum firing at 170°C for 30 minutes in the heating chamber of the vacuum deposition apparatus, the substrate was allowed to cool for about 30 minutes.

[0519] Next, the substrate on which the first electrode 101 is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in a vacuum deposition apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode 101 is formed faces downwards. Then, a hole injection layer 111 is formed on the first electrode 101 by co-depositing PCBBiF represented by the above structural formula (i) and an electron acceptor material (OCHD-003) containing fluorine with a molecular weight of 672, in a weight ratio of 1:0.05 (=PCBBiF:OCHD-003) to a thickness of 10 nm using a vapor deposition method.

[0520] A hole transport layer 112 was formed by depositing 20 nm of PCBBiF onto the hole injection layer 111.

[0521] Next, an electron blocking layer was formed on the hole transport layer 112 by depositing YGTPDBfB, represented by structural formula (ii), to a thickness of 10 nm.

[0522] Subsequently, Bnf(II)PhA, represented by structural formula (iii), and 3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02, represented by structural formula (iv), were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 1:0.015 (=Bnf(II)PhA:3,10PCA2Nbf(IV)-02) at a density of 25 nm to form the light-emitting layer 113.

[0523] Next, mmtBumBPTzn represented by structural formula (v) was deposited to a thickness of 10 nm to form a hole block layer. Then, as described in Example 2, 2-[3-{(3,5-di-tert-butyl)phenyl}-5-(pyrazine-2-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviated as mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn) (structural formula (101)) and Li-6mq represented by structural formula (vi) were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 1:1 (=mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn:Li-6mq) to a thickness of 20 nm to form an electron transport layer 114.

[0524] After the formation of the electron transport layer 114, LiF was deposited to a thickness of 1 nm to form the electron injection layer 115.

[0525] Finally, the second electrode 102 was formed by depositing aluminum (Al) to a thickness of 200 nm, thereby fabricating the light-emitting device 1.

[0526] (Method for fabricating comparative light-emitting device 2) Comparative light-emitting device 2 was fabricated in the same manner as light-emitting device 2, but instead of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn used in the electron transport layer 114 of light-emitting device 2, mPn-mDMePyPTzn represented by structural formula (vii) was used, and instead of Li-6mq, Liq represented by structural formula (viii) was used.

[0527] The element structures of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2 are summarized in Table 4 below.

[0528] [Table 4]

[0529] Furthermore, the refractive indices of mmtBuPh-mPrPTzn, mPn-mDMePyPTzn, Li-6mq, and Liq are shown in Figure 36, respectively, and the refractive indices at 456 nm are shown in Table 5 below. Measurements were performed using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-2000U, J.A. Woolam Japan). For the measurement samples, films were used in which each layer material was deposited on a quartz substrate by vacuum deposition to a thickness of approximately 50 nm. Note that the figures show the refractive index of the ordinary ray (n,Ordinary) and the refractive index of the extraordinary ray (n,Extra-ordinary).

[0530] [Table 5]

[0531] The above-mentioned light-emitting devices and comparative light-emitting devices were sealed with a glass substrate in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent exposure to the atmosphere (sealing material was applied around the elements, UV treatment was performed during sealing, and heat treatment was performed at 80°C for 1 hour). After this, the initial characteristics of these light-emitting devices were measured. No special measures were taken to improve the removal efficiency of the sealed glass substrate.

[0532] Figure 37 shows the luminance-current density characteristics of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2, Figure 38 shows the current efficiency-luminance characteristics, Figure 39 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics, Figure 40 shows the current-voltage characteristics, Figure 41 shows the external quantum efficiency-luminance characteristics, and Figure 42 shows the emission spectra. Furthermore, the luminance of light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2 at 1000 cd / m² is also shown. 2 Table 6 shows the main characteristics of the vicinity. Luminance, CIE chromaticity, and emission spectrum were measured using a spectroradiometer (Topcon SR-UL1R) at room temperature.

[0533] [Table 6]

[0534] As can be seen from Figures 37 to 42 and Table 6, the light-emitting device 2 using a low refractive index material according to one embodiment of the present invention exhibits almost the same emission spectrum as the comparative light-emitting device 2, while being an EL device with better current efficiency and external quantum efficiency than the comparative light-emitting device 2.

[0535] Next, reliability tests were performed on each light-emitting device. The results of the reliability tests for light-emitting device 2 and comparative light-emitting device 2 are shown in Figure 43. In Figure 43, the vertical axis represents the normalized brightness (%) with the initial brightness set to 100%, and the horizontal axis represents the device's operating time (h). For the reliability test, each light-emitting device was tested at 50 mA / cm². 2 A drive test was conducted at a constant current density.

[0536] The results shown in Figure 43 demonstrate that the light-emitting device 2 using a low refractive index material, which is one embodiment of the present invention, has the same level of reliability as the comparative light-emitting device. [Examples]

[0537] ≪Synthesis Example 3≫ In this example, we will describe the synthesis method of the organic compound 2,4-bis(3',5'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)-6-[4-(pyrimidine-5-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 2,4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm), which was shown as structural formula (108) in Embodiment 1. The structure of 2,4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm is shown below.

[0538] [ka]

[0539] <Synthesis of 2,4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm> 0.24 g (1.3 mmol) of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine, 0.36 g (1.3 mmol) of 4-(pyrimidine-5-yl)phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, 6.6 mL of 2 mol / L potassium carbonate aqueous solution, and 13 mL of 1,4-dioxane were added to a three-necked flask and the mixture was degassed. Then, 0.046 g (0.066 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride was added and the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 5 hours. After stirring, 1.2 g (3.1 mmol) of 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 0.092 g (0.13 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride were added to the reaction solution and stirred at 80°C for 5 hours. After stirring, extraction was performed with chloroform, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. The mixture was filtered naturally, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated to obtain a brown solid. This solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography using toluene:ethyl acetate = 10:1 as the developing solvent to obtain the target pale red solid. The synthesis scheme is shown in formula (c-1) below.

[0540] [ka]

[0541] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the pale red solid obtained above (1 The results of the analysis by 1H-NMR are shown below. 1 The H-NMR charts are shown in Figures 44(A) and 44(B). From these results, it was found that in this example, the organic compound 2,4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm, which is one embodiment of the present invention represented by the above-described structural formula (108), was obtained.

[0542] 1 H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.43(s,36H),7.49-7.55(m,6H),7.78-7.83(m,6H),8.09(s,1H),8. 41(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),8.48(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),8.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),9.06(s,2H),9.27(s,1H).

[0543] Next, the molecular weight of the obtained organic compound was measured using a GC / MS detector (Thermo Fisher ITQ1100 ion trap type GCMS system). This detected a peak mainly with mass number 762.46 (mode EI+), confirming that the target compound, 2,4 mmtBuBP-6PmPPm, was obtained. [Examples]

[0544] <<Synthesis Example 4>> This example describes the synthesis method of the organic compound 4-(3',5'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)-6-[4-(pyrimidine-5-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm), which was shown as structural formula (199) in Embodiment 1. The structure of 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm is shown below.

[0545] [ka]

[0546] <Synthesis of 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm> 0.48 g (2.0 mmol) of 4,6-dibromopyrimidine, 0.57 g (2.0 mmol) of 4-(pyrimidine-5-yl)phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, 10 mL of 2 mol / L potassium carbonate aqueous solution, and 20 mL of 1,4-dioxane were added to a three-necked flask and the mixture was degassed. Then, 0.071 g (0.10 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride was added and the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 5 hours. After stirring, 1.8 g (4.6 mmol) of 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 0.14 g (0.20 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride were added to the reaction solution and stirred at 80°C for 5 hours. After stirring, extraction was performed with chloroform, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate. The mixture was filtered naturally, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated to obtain a brown solid. This solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography using toluene:ethyl acetate = 10:1 as the developing solvent to obtain the target pale red solid. The synthesis scheme is shown in formula (d-1) below.

[0547] [ka]

[0548] Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the pale red solid obtained above ( 1 The results of the analysis by 1H-NMR are shown below. 1 The H-NMR charts are shown in Figures 45(A) and 45(B). From these results, it was found that in this example, the organic compound 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm, which is one embodiment of the present invention represented by the above-mentioned structural formula (199), was obtained.

[0549] 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ=1.41(s,18H),7.50(s,3H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),8.20(d,J=1.2Hz,1H) ,8.26(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.34(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),9.05(s,2H),9.27(s,1H),9.37(d,J=1.5Hz,1H).

[0550] Next, the molecular weight of the obtained organic compound was measured using a GC / MS detector (Thermo Fisher ITQ1100 ion trap type GCMS system). This detected a peak mainly with mass number 498.27 (mode EI+), confirming that the target compound 4mmtBuBP-6PmPPm was obtained.

[0551] (Reference synthesis example) This synthesis example describes the synthesis method for 6-methyl-8-quinolinolatolithium (abbreviated as Li-6mq) (structural formula vii), a metal complex used in part of the light-emitting devices in the examples described herein. The structural formula of Li-6mq is shown below.

[0552] [ka]

[0553] 2.0 g (12.6 mmol) of 8-hydroxy-6-methylquinoline and 130 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) were placed in a three-necked flask and stirred. To this solution, 10.1 mL (10.1 mmol) of lithium tert-butoxide (tBuOLi) 1 M THF solution was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 47 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated to obtain a yellow solid. Acetonitrile was added to this solid, and it was sonicated and filtered to obtain a pale yellow solid. This washing procedure was repeated twice. 1.6 g (95% yield) of a pale yellow solid of Li-6mq was obtained as the filtration product. The synthesis scheme is shown below.

[0554] [ka]

[0555] Next, Figure 46 shows the results of measuring the absorption and emission spectra of Li-6mq in an anhydrous acetone solution. The absorption spectrum was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation, Model V550), and the spectrum measured with only anhydrous acetone placed in a quartz cell was subtracted. The emission spectrum was measured using a fluorophotometer (JASCO Corporation, Model FP-8600).

[0556] As shown in Figure 46, the dehydrated acetone solution of Li-6mq showed an absorption peak at 390 nm, and the emission wavelength peak was 540 nm (excitation wavelength 385 nm). [Explanation of Symbols]

[0557] 101 First electrode 102 Second electrode 103 EL layer 103a EL layer 103b EL layer 103c EL layer 103B EL layer 103G EL layer 103R EL layer 103P EL layer 103Q EL layer 104B Hole injection / transport layer 104G Hole Injection / Transport Layer 104R Hole injection / transport layer 104P Hole injection / transport layer 104Q Hole injection / transport layer 106 Charge generation layer 106a Charge generation layer 106b Charge generation layer 106B Charge generation layer 10⁶G charge generation layer 106R charge generation layer 107 Insulating layer 107B Insulating layer 107G insulating layer 107R Insulating layer 108 Electron transport layer 108B Electron transport layer 108G electron transport layer 108R Electron transport layer 108Q electron transport layer 109 Electron injection layer 111 Hole injection layer 111a Hole injection layer 111b Hole injection layer 112 Hole transport layer 112a Hole transport layer 112b Hole transport layer 113 Emitting layer 113a Light-emitting layer 113b Emitting layer 113c emissive layer 113B Emitting layer 113G emissive layer 113R emissive layer 114 Electron transport layer 114b Electron transport layer 115 Electron injection layer 115b Electron injection layer 231 Display area 400 circuit boards 401 First electrode 403 EL layer 404 Second electrode 405 sealant 406 Sealant 407 Sealing substrate 412 pads 420 IC chips 501C insulating film 501D insulating film 504 Conductive film 506 Insulating film 508 Semiconductor film 508A area 508B area 508C area 510 First substrate 512A Conductive film 512B Conductive film 519 terminals 516 Insulating film 516A insulating film 516B insulating film 518 Insulating Film 520 Functional Layers 524 Conductive film 528 Bulkhead 528B opening 528G opening 528R opening 530B Pixel Circuit 530G Pixel Circuit 540 Insulating layer 550 Light-emitting devices 550B Light-Emitting Device 550G Light-emitting Device 550R Light-Emitting Device 551B Electrode 551G electrode 551R electrode 552 Electrode 573 Insulating layer 580 Gap 591G opening 591B opening 700 Light-emitting devices 702B pixels 702G pixels 702R pixels 703 pixels 705 Insulating layer 770 circuit boards 951 circuit board 952 Electrode 953 Insulating layer 954 Partition layer 955 EL layer 956 Electrode 5200B Electronic equipment 5210 Arithmetic unit 5220 Input / Output Device 5230 Display section 5240 Input Section 5250 Detection Unit 5290 Communications Department 8001 Ceiling Light 8002 Footlight 8003 Sheet-type lighting 8004 Lighting device 8005 Desk Lamp 8006 light source

Claims

1. An organic compound represented by general formula (G1): 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, Q １ ~Q ３ Of these, 1 to 3 represent N, and Q １ ~Q ３ When one or two of R are N, the remaining two or one represent CH. ０ represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (G1-1). １ ~R １５ at least one of the groups represents a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms in a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, and triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which is independently any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, and a pyridinyl group. Note that the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G1) has a plurality of hydrocarbon groups selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds through sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 10% to 60%.

2. An organic compound represented by general formula (G2): 【Chemistry 2】 (In the formula, Q １ ~Q ３ Of these, 1 to 3 represent N, and Q １ ~Q ３ When one or two of R are N, the remaining two or one represent CH. １ ~R １５ at least one of the groups represents a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms in a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, and triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which is independently any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, and a pyridinyl group. Note that the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G2) has a plurality of hydrocarbon groups selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds through sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 10% to 60%.

3. An organic compound represented by general formula (G3): 【Chemistry 3】 (In the formula, Q １ ~Q ３ Of these, 1 to 3 represent N, and Q １ ~Q ３ When one or two of R are N, the remaining two or one represent CH. ２ , R ４ , R ７ , R ９ , R １２ , and R １４ at least one of the groups represents a substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, or a triazinyl group, and the others each independently represent any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms in a substituted or unsubstituted ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group. When the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of the pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, and triazinyl group is substituted, it has one or more substituents, each of which is independently any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring, and a pyridinyl group. Note that the organic compound represented by the above general formula (G3) has a plurality of hydrocarbon groups selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds through sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 10% to 60%.

4. In any one of claims 1 to 3, The organic compound in which the substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a triazinyl group is represented by formula (G1-2): 【Chemistry 4】 (In the formula, α represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group. R ２０ represents any one of a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. m represents 0 to 2. When m is 2, the multiple α may be the same or different. n represents 1 or 2. When n is 2, the multiple R ２０ may be the same or different.)

5. In claim 4, R ２ and R ４ an organic compound in which either one or both of the following is a group represented by formula (G1-2): (However, R ２ and R ４ are groups represented by formula (G1-2), the two groups represented by formula (G1-2) may be the same or different.

6. In any one of claims 1 to 5, The substituted or unsubstituted group containing any one of a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a triazinyl group is represented by formula (G1-3). 【Chemistry 5】 (In the formula, R ２１ represents any one of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (G1-3-1). ２２ represents a group represented by formula (G1-3-1). In formula (G1-3-1), R ２３ and R ２４ each independently represents any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group; R ２３ and R ２４ At least one of R is a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triazinyl group. n represents 0 to 2. When n is 2, multiple R ２１ may be the same or different.)

7. In claim 6, R ２ and R ４ an organic compound in which either one or both of the following is a group represented by formula (G1-3): (However, R ２ and R ４ are groups represented by formula (G1-3), the two groups represented by formula (G1-3) may be the same or different.

8. In any one of claims 1 to 7, An organic compound in which, when the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring has a substituent, the substituent is any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming a ring substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

9. In any one of claims 1 to 8, The organic compound in which the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming the ring is any one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group.

10. In any one of claims 1 to 9, The aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms forming the ring is an organic compound represented by any one of the following formulas (ra-1) to (ra-16): 【Chemistry 6】

11. In any one of claims 1 to 10, The organic compound, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group is an unsubstituted pyridinyl group or a pyridinyl group substituted with one or more methyl groups.

12. In any one of claims 1 to 11, The organic compound, wherein the alicyclic group is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

13. In any one of claims 1 to 12, The organic compound, wherein the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

14. An organic compound represented by general formula (G3'): 【Chemistry 7】 (In the above general formula (G3′), Q １ ~Q ３ Of these, 1 to 3 represent N, and Q １ ~Q ３ When one or two of R are N, the remaining two or one represent CH. ２ is represented by the formula (R ２ -1), where R ４ , R ７ , R ９ , R １２ , and R １４ Each independently represents one of the groups represented by formulas (r-1) to (r-44). ２ In the formula (1), β represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyldiyl group; R ２５ represents any one of the groups represented by formulae (r-1) to (r-24), and n represents 1 or 2. The organic compound represented by the general formula (G3') has a plurality of hydrocarbon groups selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the ratio of the total number of carbon atoms forming bonds via sp3 hybrid orbitals to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 10% or more and 60% or less. 【Chemistry 8】 【Chemistry 9】 【Chemistry 10】

15. In claim 14, An organic compound in which β is a group represented by any one of the following formulas (β-1) to (β-14): 【Chemistry 11】

16. An organic compound represented by any one of formulas (137), (154), (108) and (199): 【Chemistry 12】

17. A light-emitting device using the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A light-emitting device according to claim 17, and at least one of a detection unit, an input unit, and a communication unit; An electronic device having the

19. A light emitting apparatus comprising the light emitting device according to claim 17 and a transistor or a substrate.

20. A lighting device comprising the light-emitting device according to claim 17 and a housing.

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